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Lee SH, Cooke ME, Duan KZ, Williams Avram SK, Song J, Elkahloun AG, McGrady G, Howley A, Samal B, Young WS. Investigation of the Fasciola Cinereum, Absent in BTBR mice, and Comparison with the Hippocampal Area CA2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586108. [PMID: 38883723 PMCID: PMC11178005 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) plays an important role in social behaviors including social learning, memory, and aggression, and is known to be a specific marker for the cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2) regions of the hippocampus. The fasciola cinereum (FC) is an anatomical region in which Avpr1b expressing neurons are prominent, but the functional roles of the FC have yet to be investigated. Surprisingly, the FC is absent in the inbred BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR) mouse strain used to study core behavioral deficits of autism. Here, we characterized and compared transcriptomic expression profiles using single nucleus RNA sequencing and identified 7 different subpopulations and heterogeneity within the dorsal CA2 (dCA2) and FC. Mef2c, involved in autism spectrum disorder, is more highly expressed in the FC. Using Hiplex in situ hybridization, we examined the neuroanatomical locations of these subpopulations in the proximal and distal regions of the hippocampus. Anterograde tracing of Avpr1b neurons specific for the FC showed projections to the IG, dCA2, lacunosum molecular layer of CA1, dorsal fornix, septofibrial nuclei, and intermediate lateral septum (iLS). In contrast to the dCA2, inhibition of Avpr1b neurons in the FC by the inhibitory DREADD system during behavioral testing did not impair social memory. We performed single nucleus RNA sequencing in the dCA2 region and compared between wildtype (WT) and BTBR mice. We found that transcriptomic profiles of dCA2 neurons between BTBR and WT mice are very similar as they did not form any unique clusters; yet, we found there were differentially expressed genes between the dCA2s of BTBR and WT mice. Overall, this is a comprehensive study of the comparison of Avpr1b neuronal subpopulations between the FC and dCA2. The fact that FC is absent in BTBR mice, a mouse model for autism spectrum disorder, suggests that the FC may play a role in understanding neuropsychiatric disease.
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Lee SH, Cilz NI, Avram SKW, Cymerblit-Sabba A, Song J, Courey K, Howley A, Cooke ME, Young WS. Stimulation of median raphe terminals in dorsal CA2 reduces social investigation in male mice specifically investigating social stimulus of ovariectomized female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.30.555504. [PMID: 37693526 PMCID: PMC10491145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.30.555504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2) region is essential for social behaviors, especially in social aggression and social memory. Recently, we showed that targeted CA2 stimulation of vasopressin presynaptic fibers from the paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus strongly enhances social memory in mice. In addition, the CA2 area of the mouse hippocampus receives neuronal inputs from other regions including the septal nuclei, the diagonal bands of Broca, supramammillary nuclei, and median raphe nucleus. However, the functions of these projections have been scarcely investigated. A functional role of median raphe (MR) - CA2 projection is supported by the MR to CA2 projections and 82% reduction of hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) levels following MR lesions. Thus, we investigated the behavioral role of presynaptic fibers from the median raphe nucleus projecting to the dorsal CA2 (dCA2). Here, we demonstrate the optogenetic stimulation of 5-HT projections to dCA2 from the MR do not alter social memory, but instead reduce social interaction. We show that optical stimulation of MR fibers excites interneurons in the stratum radiatum (SR) and stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM) of CA2 region. Consistent with these observations, we show that bath application of 5-HT increases spontaneous GABA release onto CA2 pyramidal neurons and excites presumed interneurons located in the SR/SLM. This is the first study, to our knowledge, which investigates the direct effect of 5-HT release from terminals onto dCA2 neurons on social behaviors. This highlights the different roles for these inputs (i.e., vasopressin inputs regulating social memory versus serotonin inputs regulating social interaction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Lee
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nicholas I. Cilz
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sarah K. Williams Avram
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adi Cymerblit-Sabba
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - June Song
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karis Courey
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Austin Howley
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michaela E. Cooke
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - W. Scott Young
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Kassraian P, Bigler SK, Gilly DM, Shrotri N, Siegelbaum SA. A neural mechanism for discriminating social threat from social safety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.04.547723. [PMID: 37461518 PMCID: PMC10350012 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.04.547723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to distinguish a threatening from non-threatening conspecific based on past experience is critical for adaptive social behaviors. Although recent progress has been made in identifying the neural circuits that contribute to different types of positive and negative social interactions, the neural mechanisms that enable the discrimination of individuals based on past aversive experiences remain unknown. Here, we developed a modified social fear conditioning paradigm that induced in both sexes robust behavioral discrimination of a conspecific associated with a footshock (CS+) from a non-reinforced interaction partner (CS-). Strikingly, chemogenetic or optogenetic silencing of hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neurons, which have been previously implicated in social novelty recognition memory, resulted in generalized avoidance fear behavior towards the equally familiar CS-and CS+. One-photon calcium imaging revealed that the accuracy with which CA2 representations discriminate the CS+ from the CS-animal was enhanced following social fear conditioning and strongly correlated with behavioral discrimination. Moreover the CA2 representations incorporated a generalized or abstract representation of social valence irrespective of conspecific identity and location. Thus, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the same hippocampal CA2 subregion mediates social memories based on conspecific familiarity and social threat, through the incorporation of a representation of social valence into an initial representation of social identity.
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Dudek SM, Phoenix AN, Scappini E, Shepeleva DV, Herbeck YE, Trut LN, Farris S, Kukekova AV. Defining hippocampal area CA2 in the fox (Vulpes vulpes) brain. Hippocampus 2023; 33:700-711. [PMID: 37159095 PMCID: PMC10274530 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Since 1959, the Russian Farm-Fox study has bred foxes to be either tame or, more recently, aggressive, and scientists have used them to gain insight into the brain structures associated with these behavioral features. In mice, hippocampal area CA2 has emerged as one of the essential regulators of social aggression, and so to eventually determine whether we could identify differences in CA2 between tame and aggressive foxes, we first sought to identify CA2 in foxes (Vulpes vulpes). As no clearly defined area of CA2 has been described in species such as cats, dogs, or pigs, it was not at all clear whether CA2 could be identified in foxes. In this study, we cut sections of temporal lobes from male and female red foxes, perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus, and stained them with markers of CA2 pyramidal cells commonly used in tissue from rats and mice. We observed that antibodies against Purkinje cell protein 4 best stained the pyramidal cells in the area spanning the end of the mossy fibers and the beginning of the pyramidal cells lacking mossy fibers, resembling the pattern seen in rats and mice. Our findings indicate that foxes do have a "molecularly defined" CA2, and further, they suggest that other carnivores like dogs and cats might as well. With this being the case, these foxes could be useful in future studies looking at CA2 as it relates to aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena M Dudek
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley N Phoenix
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erica Scappini
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darya V Shepeleva
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yury E Herbeck
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lyudmila N Trut
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Shannon Farris
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Anna V Kukekova
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Cymerblit-Sabba A, Walsh C, Duan KZ, Song J, Holmes O, Young WS. Simultaneous Knockouts of the Oxytocin and Vasopressin 1b Receptors in Hippocampal CA2 Impair Social Memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526271. [PMID: 36789441 PMCID: PMC9928026 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) and vasopressin (Avp) are two neuropeptides with many central actions related to social cognition. The oxytocin (Oxtr) and vasopressin 1b (Avpr1b) receptors are co-expressed in the pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal subfield CA2 and are known to play a critical role in social memory formation. How the neuropeptides perform this function in this region is not fully understood. Here, we report the behavioral effects of a life-long conditional removal (knockout, KO) of either the Oxtr alone or both Avpr1b and Oxtr from the pyramidal neurons of CA2 as well as the resultant changes in synaptic transmission within the different fields of the hippocampus. Surprisingly, the removal of both receptors results in mice that are unable to habituate to a familiar female presented for short duration over short intervals but are able to recognize and discriminate females when presented for a longer duration over a longer interval. Importantly, these double KO mice were unable to discriminate between a male littermate and a novel male. Synaptic transmission between CA3 and CA2 is enhanced in these mice, suggesting a compensatory mechanism is activated to make up for the loss of the receptors. Overall, our results demonstrate that co-expression of the receptors in CA2 is necessary to allow intact social memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Cymerblit-Sabba
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Caroline Walsh
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kai-Zheng Duan
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - June Song
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Oliver Holmes
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - W Scott Young
- Section on Neural Gene Expression, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Vasopressin as a Possible Link between Sleep-Disturbances and Memory Problems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415467. [PMID: 36555107 PMCID: PMC9778878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal biological rhythms, including sleep, are very important for a healthy life and their disturbance may induce-among other issues-memory impairment, which is a key problem of many psychiatric pathologies. The major brain center of circadian regulation is the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and vasopressin (AVP), which is one of its main neurotransmitters, also plays a key role in memory formation. In this review paper, we aimed to summarize our knowledge on the vasopressinergic connection between sleep and memory with the help of the AVP-deficient Brattleboro rat strain. These animals have EEG disturbances with reduced sleep and impaired memory-boosting theta oscillation and show memory impairment in parallel. Based upon human and animal data measuring AVP levels, haplotypes, and the administration of AVP or its agonist or antagonist via different routes (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intracerebroventricular, or intranasal), V1a receptors (especially of hippocampal origin) were implicated in the sleep-memory interaction. All in all, the presented data confirm the possible connective role of AVP between biological rhythms and memory formation, thus, supporting the importance of AVP in several psychopathological conditions.
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Li Y, Su Y, Guo M, Han X, Liu J, Vishwasrao HD, Li X, Christensen R, Sengupta T, Moyle MW, Rey-Suarez I, Chen J, Upadhyaya A, Usdin TB, Colón-Ramos DA, Liu H, Wu Y, Shroff H. Incorporating the image formation process into deep learning improves network performance. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1427-1437. [PMID: 36316563 PMCID: PMC9636023 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present Richardson-Lucy network (RLN), a fast and lightweight deep learning method for three-dimensional fluorescence microscopy deconvolution. RLN combines the traditional Richardson-Lucy iteration with a fully convolutional network structure, establishing a connection to the image formation process and thereby improving network performance. Containing only roughly 16,000 parameters, RLN enables four- to 50-fold faster processing than purely data-driven networks with many more parameters. By visual and quantitative analysis, we show that RLN provides better deconvolution, better generalizability and fewer artifacts than other networks, especially along the axial dimension. RLN outperforms classic Richardson-Lucy deconvolution on volumes contaminated with severe out of focus fluorescence or noise and provides four- to sixfold faster reconstructions of large, cleared-tissue datasets than classic multi-view pipelines. We demonstrate RLN's performance on cells, tissues and embryos imaged with widefield-, light-sheet-, confocal- and super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijun Su
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Min Guo
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaofei Han
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harshad D Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xuesong Li
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Ryan Christensen
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Titas Sengupta
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Mark W Moyle
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University-Idaho, Rexburg, ID, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ted B Usdin
- Systems Neuroscience Imaging Resource, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Alfonso Colón-Ramos
- Wu Tsai Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- MBL Fellows Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Intelligent Optical and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yicong Wu
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- MBL Fellows Program, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Ashburn, VA, USA
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8
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Kim YJ, Jo S, Jung SH, Woo DH. Anti-stress Effect of Octopus Cephalotocin in Rats. Exp Neurobiol 2022; 31:260-269. [PMID: 36050225 PMCID: PMC9471412 DOI: 10.5607/en22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalotocin is a bioactivity-regulating peptide expressed in octopus (Octopus vulgaris). The peptide sequence of cephalotocin is very similar to the peptide sequence of mammalian vasopressin, and cephalotocin has been proposed to mainly activate arginine vasopressin 1b receptor (Avpr1b) in the brain. However, the effects of cephalotocin on mammalian behavior have not been studied. In the current study, cephalotocin significantly reduced both the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) recorded from not only cultured neuronal cells from postnatal Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats but also hippocampal slices from 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection did not affect the open field behaviors of C57BL/6 mice. Cephalotocin was directly infused into the hippocampus because the normalized Avpr1b staining intensity divided by the DAPI staining intensity indicated that Avpr1b expression tended to be high in the hippocampus. A hippocampal infusion of 1 mg/kg cephalotocin via an implanted cannula exerted an anti-stress effect, significantly reducing the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST). The present results provide evidence that the effects of cephalotocin on the activity of hippocampal neurons are related to ameliorating stress, suggesting that cephalotocin may be developed as an anti-stress biomodulator that functions by affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Kim
- Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Seonmi Jo
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Genetic Resources, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Woo
- Research Center for Convergence Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea.,Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
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9
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Liu L, Dattaroy D, Simpson KF, Barella LF, Cui Y, Xiong Y, Jin J, König GM, Kostenis E, Roman JC, Kaestner KH, Doliba NM, Wess J. α-cell Gq signaling is critical for maintaining euglycemia. JCI Insight 2021; 6:152852. [PMID: 34752420 PMCID: PMC8783673 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon, a hormone released from pancreatic α cells, plays a key role in maintaining euglycemia. New insights into the signaling pathways that control glucagon secretion may stimulate the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this study, we investigated the potential regulation of α cell function by G proteins of the Gq family. The use of a chemogenetic strategy allowed us to selectively activate Gq signaling in mouse α cells in vitro and in vivo. Acute stimulation of α cell Gq signaling led to elevated plasma glucagon levels, accompanied by increased insulin release and improved glucose tolerance. Moreover, chronic activation of this pathway greatly improved glucose tolerance in obese mice. We also identified an endogenous Gq-coupled receptor (vasopressin 1b receptor; V1bR) that was enriched in mouse and human α cells. Agonist-induced activation of the V1bR strongly stimulated glucagon release in a Gq-dependent fashion. In vivo studies indicated that V1bR-mediated glucagon release played a key role in the counterregulatory hyperglucagonemia under hypoglycemic and glucopenic conditions. These data indicate that α cell Gq signaling represents an important regulator of glucagon secretion, resulting in multiple beneficial metabolic effects. Thus, drugs that target α cell–enriched Gq-coupled receptors may prove useful to restore euglycemia in various pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Diptadip Dattaroy
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Katherine F Simpson
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Luiz F Barella
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jefferey C Roman
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadeplhia, United States of America
| | - Nicolai M Doliba
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadeplhia, United States of America
| | - Jürgen Wess
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, United States of America
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10
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RGS14 Regulation of Post-Synaptic Signaling and Spine Plasticity in Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136823. [PMID: 34201943 PMCID: PMC8268017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional signaling protein that regulates post synaptic plasticity in neurons. RGS14 is expressed in the brain regions essential for learning, memory, emotion, and stimulus-induced behaviors, including the basal ganglia, limbic system, and cortex. Behaviorally, RGS14 regulates spatial and object memory, female-specific responses to cued fear conditioning, and environmental- and psychostimulant-induced locomotion. At the cellular level, RGS14 acts as a scaffolding protein that integrates G protein, Ras/ERK, and calcium/calmodulin signaling pathways essential for spine plasticity and cell signaling, allowing RGS14 to naturally suppress long-term potentiation (LTP) and structural plasticity in hippocampal area CA2 pyramidal cells. Recent proteomics findings indicate that RGS14 also engages the actomyosin system in the brain, perhaps to impact spine morphogenesis. Of note, RGS14 is also a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, where its role in the nucleus remains uncertain. Balanced nuclear import/export and dendritic spine localization are likely essential for RGS14 neuronal functions as a regulator of synaptic plasticity. Supporting this idea, human genetic variants disrupting RGS14 localization also disrupt RGS14’s effects on plasticity. This review will focus on the known and unexplored roles of RGS14 in cell signaling, physiology, disease and behavior.
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11
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Guo M, Li Y, Su Y, Lambert T, Nogare DD, Moyle MW, Duncan LH, Ikegami R, Santella A, Rey-Suarez I, Green D, Beiriger A, Chen J, Vishwasrao H, Ganesan S, Prince V, Waters JC, Annunziata CM, Hafner M, Mohler WA, Chitnis AB, Upadhyaya A, Usdin TB, Bao Z, Colón-Ramos D, La Riviere P, Liu H, Wu Y, Shroff H. Rapid image deconvolution and multiview fusion for optical microscopy. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:1337-1346. [PMID: 32601431 PMCID: PMC7642198 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The contrast and resolution of images obtained with optical microscopes can be improved by deconvolution and computational fusion of multiple views of the same sample, but these methods are computationally expensive for large datasets. Here we describe theoretical and practical advances in algorithm and software design that result in image processing times that are tenfold to several thousand fold faster than with previous methods. First, we show that an 'unmatched back projector' accelerates deconvolution relative to the classic Richardson-Lucy algorithm by at least tenfold. Second, three-dimensional image-based registration with a graphics processing unit enhances processing speed 10- to 100-fold over CPU processing. Third, deep learning can provide further acceleration, particularly for deconvolution with spatially varying point spread functions. We illustrate our methods from the subcellular to millimeter spatial scale on diverse samples, including single cells, embryos and cleared tissue. Finally, we show performance enhancement on recently developed microscopes that have improved spatial resolution, including dual-view cleared-tissue light-sheet microscopes and reflective lattice light-sheet microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guo
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Su
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Talley Lambert
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damian Dalle Nogare
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark W Moyle
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leighton H Duncan
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Ikegami
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anthony Santella
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Green
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anastasia Beiriger
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiji Chen
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harshad Vishwasrao
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sundar Ganesan
- Biological Imaging Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victoria Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Mohler
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Center for Cell Analysis and Modeling, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Ajay B Chitnis
- Section on Neural Developmental Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ted B Usdin
- Section on Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhirong Bao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Colón-Ramos
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory Fellows Program, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Patrick La Riviere
- Marine Biological Laboratory Fellows Program, Woods Hole, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yicong Wu
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory of High-Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Imaging and Microscopy Resource, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Marine Biological Laboratory Fellows Program, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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12
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Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with a wide range of behavioral disturbances and serious consequences for both patient and society. One of the main reasons for unsuccessful therapies is insufficient knowledge about its underlying pathomechanism. In the search for centrally signaling molecules that might be relevant to the development of PTSD we focus here on arginine vasopressin (AVP). So far AVP has not been strongly implicated in PTSD, but different lines of evidence suggest a possible impact of its signaling in all clusters of PTSD symptomatology. More specifically, in laboratory rodents, AVP agonists affect behavior in a PTSD-like manner, while significant reduction of AVP signaling in the brain e.g. in AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats, ameliorated defined behavioral parameters that can be linked to PTSD symptoms. Different animal models of PTSD also show alterations in the AVP signaling in distinct brain areas. However, pharmacological treatment targeting central AVP receptors via systemic routes is hampered by possible side effects that are linked to the peripheral action of AVP as a hormone. Indeed, the V1a receptor, the most common receptor subtype in the brain, is implicated in vasoconstriction. Thus, systemic treatment with V1a receptor antagonists would be implicated in hypotonia. This implies that novel treatment concepts are needed to target AVP receptors not only at brain level but also in distinct brain areas, to offer alternative treatments for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Sipos
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Janos Szentagothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Barna
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mario Engelmann
- Institut für Biochemie und Zellbiologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioural Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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13
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The medial prefrontal cortex - hippocampus circuit that integrates information of object, place and time to construct episodic memory in rodents: Behavioral, anatomical and neurochemical properties. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:373-407. [PMID: 32298711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice have been demonstrated to show episodic-like memory, a prototype of episodic memory, as defined by an integrated memory of the experience of an object or event, in a particular place and time. Such memory can be assessed via the use of spontaneous object exploration paradigms, variably designed to measure memory for object, place, temporal order and object-location inter-relationships. We review the methodological properties of these tests, the neurobiology about time and discuss the evidence for the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus, with respect to their anatomy, neurotransmitter systems and functional circuits. The systematic analysis suggests that a specific circuit between the mPFC, lateral EC and hippocampus encodes the information for event, place and time of occurrence into the complex episodic-like memory, as a top-down regulation from the mPFC onto the hippocampus. This circuit can be distinguished from the neuronal component memory systems for processing the individual information of object, time and place.
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