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Pérez-López A, Isabel Torres-Suárez A, Martín-Sabroso C, Aparicio-Blanco J. An overview of in vitro 3D models of the blood-brain barrier as a tool to predict the in vivo permeability of nanomedicines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 196:114816. [PMID: 37003488 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents efficient drug delivery to the central nervous system. As a result, brain diseases remain one of the greatest unmet medical needs. Understanding the tridimensional structure of the BBB helps gain insight into the pathology of the BBB and contributes to the development of novel therapies for brain diseases. Therefore, 3D models with an ever-growing sophisticated complexity are being developed to closely mimic the human neurovascular unit. Among these 3D models, hydrogel-, spheroid- and organoid-based static BBB models have been developed, and so have microfluidic-based BBB-on-a-chip models. The different 3D preclinical models of the BBB, both in health and disease, are here reviewed, from their development to their application for permeability testing of nanomedicines across the BBB, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each model. The validation with data from in vivo preclinical data is also discussed in those cases where provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pérez-López
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Torres-Suárez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Martín-Sabroso
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Aparicio-Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Industrial Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Luna-Palacios YY, Licea-Rodriguez J, Camacho-Lopez MD, Teichert I, Riquelme M, Rocha-Mendoza I. Multicolor light-sheet microscopy for a large field of view imaging: A comparative study between Bessel and Gaussian light-sheets configurations. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100359. [PMID: 35184408 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is useful for developmental biology studies, which require a simultaneous visualization of dynamic microstructures over large fields of views (FOVs). A comparative study between multicolor Bessel and Gaussian-based LSFM systems is presented. Discussing the chromatic implications to achieve colocalized and large FOVs when both optical arrays are implemented under the same excitation objective is the purpose of this work. The light-sheets FOVs, optical sectioning, and resolution are experimentally characterized and discussed. The advantages of using Bessel beams and the main drawbacks of using Gaussian beams for multicolor imaging are highlighted. Multiple Bessel excitation minimizes the FOV's mismatch's effects due to the beams chromatic defocusing and alleviates the aside object blurring obtained with multiple Gaussian beams. It also offers a fair homogeneous axial resolution and optical sectioning over a larger effective FOV. Imaging over perithecia samples of the fungus Sordaria macrospora demonstrates such advantages. This work complements previous comparative studies that discuss only single wavelengths light-sheets excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yryx Y Luna-Palacios
- Department of Optics, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Jacob Licea-Rodriguez
- Department of Optics, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada, Mexico
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - M Dolores Camacho-Lopez
- Cátedras CONACYT-Deparment of Optics, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Ines Teichert
- Department of General and Molecular Botany, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Meritxell Riquelme
- Department of Microbiology, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Israel Rocha-Mendoza
- Department of Optics, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana, Ensenada, Mexico
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3
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Capturing the third dimension in drug discovery: Spatially-resolved tools for interrogation of complex 3D cell models. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107883. [PMID: 34875362 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced three-dimensional (3D) cell models have proven to be capable of depicting architectural and microenvironmental features of several tissues. By providing data of higher physiological and pathophysiological relevance, 3D cell models have been contributing to a better understanding of human development, pathology onset and progression mechanisms, as well as for 3D cell-based assays for drug discovery. Nonetheless, the characterization and interrogation of these tissue-like structures pose major challenges on the conventional analytical methods, pushing the development of spatially-resolved technologies. Herein, we review recent advances and pioneering technologies suitable for the interrogation of multicellular 3D models, while capable of retaining biological spatial information. We focused on imaging technologies and omics tools, namely transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The advantages and shortcomings of these novel methodologies are discussed, alongside the opportunities to intertwine data from the different tools.
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4
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Gagliano G, Nelson T, Saliba N, Vargas-Hernández S, Gustavsson AK. Light Sheet Illumination for 3D Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Imaging of Neuronal Synapses. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:761530. [PMID: 34899261 PMCID: PMC8651567 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.761530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of the neuronal synapse depends on the dynamics and interactions of individual molecules at the nanoscale. With the development of single-molecule super-resolution microscopy over the last decades, researchers now have a powerful and versatile imaging tool for mapping the molecular mechanisms behind the biological function. However, imaging of thicker samples, such as mammalian cells and tissue, in all three dimensions is still challenging due to increased fluorescence background and imaging volumes. The combination of single-molecule imaging with light sheet illumination is an emerging approach that allows for imaging of biological samples with reduced fluorescence background, photobleaching, and photodamage. In this review, we first present a brief overview of light sheet illumination and previous super-resolution techniques used for imaging of neurons and synapses. We then provide an in-depth technical review of the fundamental concepts and the current state of the art in the fields of three-dimensional single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging with light sheet illumination. We review how light sheet illumination can improve single-molecule tracking and super-resolution imaging in individual neurons and synapses, and we discuss emerging perspectives and new innovations that have the potential to enable and improve single-molecule imaging in brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Gagliano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tyler Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nahima Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sofía Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Anna-Karin Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
- Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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5
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Kapr J, Petersilie L, Distler T, Lauria I, Bendt F, Sauter CM, Boccaccini AR, Rose CR, Fritsche E. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells Produce Distinct Neural 3D In Vitro Models Depending on Alginate/Gellan Gum/Laminin Hydrogel Blend Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100131. [PMID: 34197049 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stable and predictive neural cell culture models are a necessary premise for many research fields. However, conventional 2D models lack 3D cell-material/-cell interactions and hence do not reflect the complexity of the in vivo situation properly. Here two alginate/gellan gum/laminin (ALG/GG/LAM) hydrogel blends are presented for the fabrication of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based 3D neural models. For hydrogel embedding, hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells (hiNPCs) are used either directly or after 3D neural pre-differentiation. It is shown that stiffness and stress relaxation of the gel blends, as well as the cell differentiation strategy influence 3D model development. The embedded hiNPCs differentiate into neurons and astrocytes within the gel blends and display spontaneous intracellular calcium signals. Two fit-for-purpose models valuable for i) applications requiring a high degree of complexity, but less throughput, such as disease modeling and long-term exposure studies and ii) higher throughput applications, such as acute exposures or substance screenings are proposed. Due to their wide range of applications, adjustability, and printing capabilities, the ALG/GG/LAM based 3D neural models are of great potential for 3D neural modeling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kapr
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Laura Petersilie
- Institute of Neurobiology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Thomas Distler
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91054 Germany
| | - Ines Lauria
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Farina Bendt
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Clemens M. Sauter
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen 91054 Germany
| | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF – Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
- Medical Faculty Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225 Germany
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6
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Nowzari F, Wang H, Khoradmehr A, Baghban M, Baghban N, Arandian A, Muhaddesi M, Nabipour I, Zibaii MI, Najarasl M, Taheri P, Latifi H, Tamadon A. Three-Dimensional Imaging in Stem Cell-Based Researches. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:657525. [PMID: 33937378 PMCID: PMC8079735 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.657525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have an important role in regenerative therapies, developmental biology studies and drug screening. Basic and translational research in stem cell technology needs more detailed imaging techniques. The possibility of cell-based therapeutic strategies has been validated in the stem cell field over recent years, a more detailed characterization of the properties of stem cells is needed for connectomics of large assemblies and structural analyses of these cells. The aim of stem cell imaging is the characterization of differentiation state, cellular function, purity and cell location. Recent progress in stem cell imaging field has included ultrasound-based technique to study living stem cells and florescence microscopy-based technique to investigate stem cell three-dimensional (3D) structures. Here, we summarized the fundamental characteristics of stem cells via 3D imaging methods and also discussed the emerging literatures on 3D imaging in stem cell research and the applications of both classical 2D imaging techniques and 3D methods on stem cells biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Nowzari
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Huimei Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mandana Baghban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Baghban
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Alireza Arandian
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Muhaddesi
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad I. Zibaii
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najarasl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Taheri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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7
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Buglak NE, Lucitti J, Ariel P, Maiocchi S, Miller FJ, Bahnson ESM. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a new method for unbiased three-dimensional analysis of vascular injury. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:520-532. [PMID: 32053173 PMCID: PMC7820842 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Assessment of preclinical models of vascular disease is paramount in the successful translation of novel treatments. The results of these models have traditionally relied on two-dimensional (2D) histological methodologies. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an imaging platform that allows for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of whole organs and tissues. In this study, we describe an improved methodological approach utilizing LSFM for imaging of preclinical vascular injury models while minimizing analysis bias. METHODS AND RESULTS The rat carotid artery segmental pressure-controlled balloon injury and mouse carotid artery ligation injury were performed. Arteries were harvested and processed for LSFM imaging and 3D analysis, as well as for 2D area histological analysis. Artery processing for LSFM imaging did not induce vessel shrinkage or expansion and was reversible by rehydrating the artery, allowing for subsequent sectioning and histological staining a posteriori. By generating a volumetric visualization along the length of the arteries, LSFM imaging provided different analysis modalities including volumetric, area, and radial parameters. Thus, LSFM-imaged arteries provided more precise measurements compared to classic histological analysis. Furthermore, LSFM provided additional information as compared to 2D analysis in demonstrating remodelling of the arterial media in regions of hyperplasia and periadventitial neovascularization around the ligated mouse artery. CONCLUSION LSFM provides a novel and robust 3D imaging platform for visualizing and quantifying arterial injury in preclinical models. When compared with classic histology, LSFM outperformed traditional methods in precision and quantitative capabilities. LSFM allows for more comprehensive quantitation as compared to traditional histological methodologies, while minimizing user bias associated with area analysis of alternating, 2D histological artery cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Buglak
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pablo Ariel
- Microscopy Services Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sophie Maiocchi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Francis J Miller
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Edward S M Bahnson
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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8
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Fröhlich E. Issues with Cancer Spheroid Models in Therapeutic Drug Screening. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2137-2148. [PMID: 32067603 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218094200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro screening for anti-cancer agents currently uses mainly cell lines in 2D culture. It is generally assumed that 3D culture, namely spheroids, represents physiologically more relevant models for tumors. Unfortunately, drug testing in spheroids is not as easy and reproducible as in 2D culture because there are factors that limit the universal use of spheroids as screening platforms. Technical problems in the generation of uniform spheroids, cell/tumor-specific differences in the ability to form spheroids, and more complex readout parameters are the main reasons for differences between spheroid data. The review discusses requirements for cancer spheroids to be representative models, suitable methodologies to generate spheroids for the screening and readout parameters for the evaluation of anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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9
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Venkateswarlu K, Suman G, Dhyani V, Swain S, Giri L, Samavedi S. Three‐dimensional imaging and quantification of real‐time cytosolic calcium oscillations in microglial cells cultured on electrospun matrices using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3108-3123. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kojja Venkateswarlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Gare Suman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Vaibhav Dhyani
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Sarpras Swain
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Lopamudra Giri
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Satyavrata Samavedi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy Telangana India
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10
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Abstract
Modulation of cellular electrophysiology helps develop an understanding of cellular development and function in healthy and diseased states. We modulate the electrophysiology of neuronal cells in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D assemblies with subcellular precision via photothermal stimulation using a multiscale fuzzy graphene nanostructure. Nanowire (NW)-templated 3D fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG) nanostructures enable remote, nongenetic photothermal stimulation with laser energies as low as subhundred nanojoules without generating cellular stress. NT-3DFG serves as a powerful toolset for studies of cell signaling within and between in vitro 3D models (human-based organoids and spheroids) and can enable therapeutic interventions. The ability to modulate cellular electrophysiology is fundamental to the investigation of development, function, and disease. Currently, there is a need for remote, nongenetic, light-induced control of cellular activity in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) platforms. Here, we report a breakthrough hybrid nanomaterial for remote, nongenetic, photothermal stimulation of 2D and 3D neural cellular systems. We combine one-dimensional (1D) nanowires (NWs) and 2D graphene flakes grown out-of-plane for highly controlled photothermal stimulation at subcellular precision without the need for genetic modification, with laser energies lower than a hundred nanojoules, one to two orders of magnitude lower than Au-, C-, and Si-based nanomaterials. Photothermal stimulation using NW-templated 3D fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG) is flexible due to its broadband absorption and does not generate cellular stress. Therefore, it serves as a powerful toolset for studies of cell signaling within and between tissues and can enable therapeutic interventions.
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11
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Lemon WC, McDole K. Live-cell imaging in the era of too many microscopes. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2020; 66:34-42. [PMID: 32470820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
At the time of this writing, searching Google Scholar for 'light-sheet microscopy' returns almost 8500 results; over three-quarters of which were published in the last 5 years alone. Searching for other advanced imaging methods in the last 5 years yields similar results: 'super-resolution microscopy' (>16 000), 'single-molecule imaging' (almost 10 000), SPIM (Single Plane Illumination Microscopy, 5000), and 'lattice light-sheet' (1300). The explosion of new imaging methods has also produced a dizzying menagerie of acronyms, with over 100 different species of 'light-sheet' alone, from SPIM to UM (Ultra microscopy) to SiMView (Simultaneous MultiView) to iSPIM (inclined SPIM, not to be confused with iSPIM, inverted SPIM). How then is the average biologist, without an advanced degree in physics, optics, or computer science supposed to make heads or tails of which method is best suited for their needs? Let us also not forget the plight of the optical physicist, who at best might need help with obtaining healthy samples and keeping them that way, or at worst may not realize the impact their newest technique could have for biologists. This review will not attempt to solve all these problems, but instead highlight some of the most recent, successful mergers between biology and advanced imaging technologies, as well as hopefully provide some guidance for anyone interested in journeying into the world of live-cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Lemon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Katie McDole
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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12
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Voronin DV, Kozlova AA, Verkhovskii RA, Ermakov AV, Makarkin MA, Inozemtseva OA, Bratashov DN. Detection of Rare Objects by Flow Cytometry: Imaging, Cell Sorting, and Deep Learning Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2323. [PMID: 32230871 PMCID: PMC7177904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow cytometry nowadays is among the main working instruments in modern biology paving the way for clinics to provide early, quick, and reliable diagnostics of many blood-related diseases. The major problem for clinical applications is the detection of rare pathogenic objects in patient blood. These objects can be circulating tumor cells, very rare during the early stages of cancer development, various microorganisms and parasites in the blood during acute blood infections. All of these rare diagnostic objects can be detected and identified very rapidly to save a patient's life. This review outlines the main techniques of visualization of rare objects in the blood flow, methods for extraction of such objects from the blood flow for further investigations and new approaches to identify the objects automatically with the modern deep learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Voronin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, National University of Oil and Gas (Gubkin University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia A. Kozlova
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Roman A. Verkhovskii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- School of Urbanistics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Ermakov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Makarkin
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Daniil N. Bratashov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Photoacoustics, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
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13
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Sensing Senses: Optical Biosensors to Study Gustation. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20071811. [PMID: 32218129 PMCID: PMC7180777 DOI: 10.3390/s20071811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The five basic taste modalities, sweet, bitter, umami, salty and sour induce changes of Ca2+ levels, pH and/or membrane potential in taste cells of the tongue and/or in neurons that convey and decode gustatory signals to the brain. Optical biosensors, which can be either synthetic dyes or genetically encoded proteins whose fluorescence spectra depend on levels of Ca2+, pH or membrane potential, have been used in primary cells/tissues or in recombinant systems to study taste-related intra- and intercellular signaling mechanisms or to discover new ligands. Taste-evoked responses were measured by microscopy achieving high spatial and temporal resolution, while plate readers were employed for higher throughput screening. Here, these approaches making use of fluorescent optical biosensors to investigate specific taste-related questions or to screen new agonists/antagonists for the different taste modalities were reviewed systematically. Furthermore, in the context of recent developments in genetically encoded sensors, 3D cultures and imaging technologies, we propose new feasible approaches for studying taste physiology and for compound screening.
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von Molitor E, Nürnberg E, Ertongur-Fauth T, Scholz P, Riedel K, Hafner M, Rudolf R, Cesetti T. Analysis of calcium signaling in live human Tongue cell 3D-Cultures upon tastant perfusion. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102164. [PMID: 32014795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bridging the gap between two-dimensional cell cultures and complex in vivo tissues, three-dimensional cell culture models are of increasing interest in the fields of cell biology and pharmacology. However, present challenges hamper live cell imaging of three-dimensional cell cultures. These include (i) the stabilization of these structures under perfusion conditions, (ii) the recording of many z-planes at high spatio-temporal resolution, (iii) and the data analysis that ranges in complexity from whole specimens to single cells. Here, we addressed these issues for the time-lapse analysis of Ca2+ signaling in spheroids composed of human tongue-derived HTC-8 cells upon perfusion of gustatory substances. Live cell imaging setups for confocal and light sheet microscopy were developed that allow simple and robust spheroid stabilization and high-resolution microscopy with perfusion. Visualization of spheroids made of HTC-8 cells expressing the G-GECO fluorescent Ca2+ sensor revealed Ca2+ transients that showed similar kinetics but different amplitudes upon perfusion of bitter compounds Salicine and Saccharin. Dose-dependent responses to Saccharin required extracellular Ca2+. From the border towards the center of spheroids, compound-induced Ca2+ signals were progressively delayed and decreased in amplitude. Stimulation with ATP led to strong Ca2+ transients that were faster than those evoked by the bitter compounds and blockade of purinergic receptors with Suramin abutted the response to Saccharin, suggesting that ATP mediates a positive autocrine and paracrine feedback. Imaging of ATP-induced Ca2+ transients with light sheet microscopy allowed acquisition over a z-depth of 100 μm without losing spatial and temporal resolution. In summary, the presented approaches permit the study of fast cellular signaling in three-dimensional cultures upon compound perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena von Molitor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elina Nürnberg
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, 68163 Mannheim, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Tiziana Cesetti
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hochschule Mannheim, 68163 Mannheim, Germany
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15
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Steuwe C, Vaeyens MM, Jorge-Peñas A, Cokelaere C, Hofkens J, Roeffaers MBJ, Van Oosterwyck H. Fast quantitative time lapse displacement imaging of endothelial cell invasion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227286. [PMID: 31910228 PMCID: PMC6946139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to unravel rapid mechano-chemical feedback mechanisms in sprouting angiogenesis, we combine selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM) and tailored image registration algorithms - further referred to as SPIM-based displacement microscopy - with an in vitro model of angiogenesis. SPIM successfully tackles the problem of imaging large volumes while upholding the spatial resolution required for the analysis of matrix displacements at a subcellular level. Applied to in vitro angiogenic sprouts, this unique methodological combination relates subcellular activity - minute to second time scale growing and retracting of protrusions - of a multicellular systems to the surrounding matrix deformations with an exceptional temporal resolution of 1 minute for a stack with multiple sprouts simultaneously or every 4 seconds for a single sprout, which is 20 times faster than with a conventional confocal setup. Our study reveals collective but non-synchronised, non-continuous activity of adjacent sprouting cells along with correlations between matrix deformations and protrusion dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steuwe
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie-Mo Vaeyens
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alvaro Jorge-Peñas
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Célie Cokelaere
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (MS), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Van Oosterwyck
- Biomechanics Section (BMe), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Wan Y, McDole K, Keller PJ. Light-Sheet Microscopy and Its Potential for Understanding Developmental Processes. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2019; 35:655-681. [PMID: 31299171 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The ability to visualize and quantitatively measure dynamic biological processes in vivo and at high spatiotemporal resolution is of fundamental importance to experimental investigations in developmental biology. Light-sheet microscopy is particularly well suited to providing such data, since it offers exceptionally high imaging speed and good spatial resolution while minimizing light-induced damage to the specimen. We review core principles and recent advances in light-sheet microscopy, with a focus on concepts and implementations relevant for applications in developmental biology. We discuss how light-sheet microcopy has helped advance our understanding of developmental processes from single-molecule to whole-organism studies, assess the potential for synergies with other state-of-the-art technologies, and introduce methods for computational image and data analysis. Finally, we explore the future trajectory of light-sheet microscopy, discuss key efforts to disseminate new light-sheet technology, and identify exciting opportunities for further advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wan
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA;
| | - Katie McDole
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA;
| | - Philipp J Keller
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, USA;
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17
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Costa EC, Silva DN, Moreira AF, Correia IJ. Optical clearing methods: An overview of the techniques used for the imaging of 3D spheroids. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2742-2763. [PMID: 31282993 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spheroids have emerged as in vitro models that reproduce in a great extent the architectural microenvironment found in human tissues. However, the imaging of 3D cell cultures is highly challenging due to its high thickness, which results in a light-scattering phenomenon that limits light penetration. Therefore, several optical clearing methods, widely used in the imaging of animal tissues, have been recently explored to render spheroids with enhanced transparency. These methods are aimed to homogenize the microtissue refractive index (RI) and can be grouped into four different categories, namely (a) simple immersion in an aqueous solution with high RI; (b) delipidation and dehydration followed by RI matching; (c) delipidation and hyperhydration followed by RI matching; and (d) hydrogel embedding followed by delipidation and RI matching. In this review, the main optical clearing methods, their mechanism of action, advantages, and disadvantages are described. Furthermore, the practical examples of the optical clearing methods application for the imaging of 3D spheroids are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete C Costa
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Daniel N Silva
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - André F Moreira
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Ilídio J Correia
- CICS-UBI, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal.,CIEPQF, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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18
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Corsetti S, Gunn-Moore F, Dholakia K. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy for neuroscience. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 319:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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del Rio D, Beucher B, Lavigne M, Wehbi A, Gonzalez Dopeso-Reyes I, Saggio I, Kremer EJ. CAV-2 Vector Development and Gene Transfer in the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:71. [PMID: 30983967 PMCID: PMC6449469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The options available for genetic modification of cells of the central nervous system (CNS) have greatly increased in the last decade. The current panoply of viral and nonviral vectors provides multifunctional platforms to deliver expression cassettes to many structures and nuclei. These cassettes can replace defective genes, modify a given pathway perturbed by diseases, or express proteins that can be selectively activated by drugs or light to extinguish or excite neurons. This review focuses on the use of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) vectors for gene transfer to neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. We discuss (1) recent advances in vector production, (2) why CAV-2 vectors preferentially transduce neurons, (3) the mechanism underlying their widespread distribution via retrograde axonal transport, (4) how CAV-2 vectors have been used to address structure/function, and (5) their therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danila del Rio
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Bertrand Beucher
- PVM, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Lavigne
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Amani Wehbi
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Structural Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric J. Kremer
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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20
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Albert-Smet I, Marcos-Vidal A, Vaquero JJ, Desco M, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Ripoll J. Applications of Light-Sheet Microscopy in Microdevices. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:1. [PMID: 30760983 PMCID: PMC6362405 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has been present in cell biology laboratories for quite some time, mainly as custom-made systems, with imaging applications ranging from single cells (in the micrometer scale) to small organisms (in the millimeter scale). Such microscopes distinguish themselves for having very low phototoxicity levels and high spatial and temporal resolution, properties that make them ideal for a large range of applications. These include the study of cellular dynamics, in particular cellular motion which is essential to processes such as tumor metastasis and tissue development. Experimental setups make extensive use of microdevices (bioMEMS) that provide better control over the substrate environment than traditional cell culture experiments. For example, to mimic in vivo conditions, experiment biochemical dynamics, and trap, move or count cells. Microdevices provide a higher degree of empirical complexity but, so far, most have been designed to be imaged through wide-field or confocal microscopes. Nonetheless, the properties of LSFM render it ideal for 3D characterization of active cells. When working with microdevices, confocal microscopy is more widespread than LSFM even though it suffers from higher phototoxicity and slower acquisition speeds. It is sometimes possible to illuminate with a light-sheet microdevices designed for confocal microscopes. However, these bioMEMS must be redesigned to exploit the full potential of LSFM and image more frequently on a wider scale phenomena such as motion, traction, differentiation, and diffusion of molecules. The use of microdevices for LSFM has extended beyond cell tracking studies into experiments regarding cytometry, spheroid cultures and lab-on-a-chip automation. Due to light-sheet microscopy being in its early stages, a setup of these characteristics demands some degree of optical expertise; and designing three-dimensional microdevices requires facilities, ingenuity, and experience in microfabrication. In this paper, we explore different approaches where light-sheet microscopy can achieve single-cell and subcellular resolution within microdevices, and provide a few pointers on how these experiments may be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Albert-Smet
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asier Marcos-Vidal
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Medicine and Surgery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Hajiali H, Contestabile A, Mele E, Athanassiou A. Influence of topography of nanofibrous scaffolds on functionality of engineered neural tissue. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:930-939. [PMID: 32254373 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02969a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Properly engineered scaffolds combined with functional neurons can be instrumental for the effective repair of the neural tissue. In particular, it is essential to investigate how three-dimensional (3D) systems and topographical features can impact on neuronal activity to obtain engineered functional neural tissues. In this study, polyphenylene sulfone (PPSu) scaffolds constituted by randomly distributed or aligned electrospun nanofibers were fabricated to evaluate the neural activity in 3D culture environments for the first time. The obtained results demonstrated that the nanofibers can successfully support the adhesion and growth of neural stem cells (NSCs) and enhance neuronal differentiation compared to 2D substrates. In addition, NSCs could spread and migrate along the aligned fibers. The percentage of active NSC-derived neurons and the overall network activity in the fibrous substrates were also remarkably enhanced. Finally, the data of neuronal activity showed not only that the neurons cultured on the nanofibers are part of a functional network, but also that their activity increases, and the direction of neural signals can be controlled in the aligned 3D scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hajiali
- Smart Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy.
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22
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Elisa Z, Toon B, De Smedt SC, Katrien R, Kristiaan N, Kevin B. Technical implementations of light sheet microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:941-958. [PMID: 29322581 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based microscopy is among the most successful methods in biological studies. It played a critical role in the visualization of subcellular structures and in the analysis of complex cellular processes, and it is nowadays commonly employed in genetic and drug screenings. Among the fluorescence-based microscopy techniques, light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has shown a quite interesting set of benefits. The technique combines the speed of epi-fluorescence acquisition with the optical sectioning capability typical of confocal microscopes. Its unique configuration allows the excitation of only a thin plane of the sample, thus fast, high resolution imaging deep inside tissues is nowadays achievable. The low peak intensity with which the sample is illuminated diminishes phototoxic effects and decreases photobleaching of fluorophores, ensuring data collection for days with minimal adverse consequences on the sample. It is no surprise that LSFM applications have raised in just few years and the technique has been applied to study a wide variety of samples, from whole organism, to tissues, to cell clusters, and single cells. As a consequence, in recent years numerous set-ups have been developed, each one optimized for the type of sample in use and the requirements of the question at hand. Hereby, we aim to review the most advanced LSFM implementations to assist new LSFM users in the choice of the LSFM set-up that suits their needs best. We also focus on new commercial microscopes and "do-it-yourself" strategies; likewise we review recent designs that allow a swift integration of LSFM on existing microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zagato Elisa
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Brans Toon
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Remaut Katrien
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Neyts Kristiaan
- Liquid Crystals and Photonics Group, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Braeckmans Kevin
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Center for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Belgium
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23
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Hříbková H, Zelinková J, Sun YM. Progress in human pluripotent stem cell-based modeling systems for neurological diseases. NEUROGENESIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23262133.2017.1324258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hříbková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zelinková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yuh-Man Sun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Andilla J, Jorand R, Olarte OE, Dufour AC, Cazales M, Montagner YLE, Ceolato R, Riviere N, Olivo-Marin JC, Loza-Alvarez P, Lorenzo C. Imaging tissue-mimic with light sheet microscopy: A comparative guideline. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44939. [PMID: 28322312 PMCID: PMC5381005 DOI: 10.1038/srep44939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue mimics (TMs) on the scale of several hundred microns provide a beneficial cell culture configuration for in vitro engineered tissue and are currently under the spotlight in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Due to the cell density and size, TMs are fairly inaccessible to optical observation and imaging within these samples remains challenging. Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM)- an emerging and attractive technique for 3D optical sectioning of large samples- appears to be a particularly well-suited approach to deal with them. In this work, we compared the effectiveness of different light sheet illumination modalities reported in the literature to improve resolution and/or light exposure for complex 3D samples. In order to provide an acute and fair comparative assessment, we also developed a systematic, computerized benchmarking method. The outcomes of our experiment provide meaningful information for valid comparisons and arises the main differences between the modalities when imaging different types of TMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Andilla
- ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotonique, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Omar E Olarte
- ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotonique, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre C Dufour
- Institut Pasteur BioImage Analysis Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR-3691, F-75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Yoann L E Montagner
- Institut Pasteur BioImage Analysis Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR-3691, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Romain Ceolato
- Onera, The French Aerospace Lab, F-31100 Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciences Fotonique, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 3, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Gualda EJ, Pereira H, Martins GG, Gardner R, Moreno N. Three-dimensional imaging flow cytometry through light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. Cytometry A 2017; 91:144-151. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Gualda
- Imaging and Cytometry Unit (UIC), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras 2780-156 Portugal
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotóniques, BIST-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels; Barcelona Spain
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Imaging and Cytometry Unit (UIC), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras 2780-156 Portugal
| | - Gabriel G. Martins
- Imaging and Cytometry Unit (UIC), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras 2780-156 Portugal
| | - Rui Gardner
- Imaging and Cytometry Unit (UIC), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras 2780-156 Portugal
| | - Nuno Moreno
- Imaging and Cytometry Unit (UIC), Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência; Oeiras 2780-156 Portugal
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26
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Functional metabolic interactions of human neuron-astrocyte 3D in vitro networks. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33285. [PMID: 27619889 PMCID: PMC5020407 DOI: 10.1038/srep33285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of human neural tissue-like 3D structures holds great promise for disease modeling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine strategies. Promoting the establishment of complex cell-cell interactions, 3D culture systems enable the development of human cell-based models with increased physiological relevance, over monolayer cultures. Here, we demonstrate the establishment of neuronal and astrocytic metabolic signatures and shuttles in a human 3D neural cell model, namely the glutamine-glutamate-GABA shuttle. This was indicated by labeling of neuronal GABA following incubation with the glia-specific substrate [2-(13)C]acetate, which decreased by methionine sulfoximine-induced inhibition of the glial enzyme glutamine synthetase. Cell metabolic specialization was further demonstrated by higher pyruvate carboxylase-derived labeling in glutamine than in glutamate, indicating its activity in astrocytes and not in neurons. Exposure to the neurotoxin acrylamide resulted in intracellular accumulation of glutamate and decreased GABA synthesis. These results suggest an acrylamide-induced impairment of neuronal synaptic vesicle trafficking and imbalanced glutamine-glutamate-GABA cycle, due to loss of cell-cell contacts at synaptic sites. This work demonstrates, for the first time to our knowledge, that neural differentiation of human cells in a 3D setting recapitulates neuronal-astrocytic metabolic interactions, highlighting the relevance of these models for toxicology and better understanding the crosstalk between human neural cells.
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27
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Daetwyler S, Huisken J. Fast Fluorescence Microscopy with Light Sheets. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2016; 231:14-25. [PMID: 27638692 DOI: 10.1086/689588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In light sheet microscopy, optical sectioning by selective fluorescence excitation with a sheet of light is combined with fast full-frame acquisition. This illumination scheme provides minimal photobleaching and phototoxicity. Complemented with remote focusing and multi-view acquisition, light sheet microscopy is the method of choice for acquisition of very fast biological processes, large samples, and high-throughput applications in areas such as neuroscience, plant biology, and developmental biology. This review explains why light sheet microscopes are much faster and gentler than other established fluorescence microscopy techniques. New volumetric imaging schemes and highlights of selected biological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Daetwyler
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Huisken
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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28
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Rieckher M. Light Sheet Microscopy to Measure Protein Dynamics. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:27-35. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease; Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
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29
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Santo VE, Estrada MF, Rebelo SP, Abreu S, Silva I, Pinto C, Veloso SC, Serra AT, Boghaert E, Alves PM, Brito C. Adaptable stirred-tank culture strategies for large scale production of multicellular spheroid-based tumor cell models. J Biotechnol 2016; 221:118-29. [PMID: 26815388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is an effort toward the development of in vitro cancer models more predictive of clinical efficacy. The onset of advanced analytical tools and imaging technologies has increased the utilization of spheroids in the implementation of high throughput approaches in drug discovery. Agitation-based culture systems are commonly proposed as an alternative method for the production of tumor spheroids, despite the scarce experimental evidence found in the literature. In this study, we demonstrate the robustness and reliability of stirred-tank cultures for the scalable generation of 3D cancer models. We developed standardized protocols to a panel of tumor cell lines from different pathologies and attained efficient tumor cell aggregation by tuning hydrodynamic parameters. Large numbers of spheroids were obtained (typically 1000-1500 spheroids/mL) presenting features of native tumors, namely morphology, proliferation and hypoxia gradients, in a cell line-dependent mode. Heterotypic 3D cancer models, based on co-cultures of tumor cells and fibroblasts, were also established in the absence or presence of additional physical support from an alginate matrix, with maintenance of high cell viability. Altogether, we demonstrate that 3D tumor cell model production in stirred-tank culture systems is a robust and versatile approach, providing reproducible tools for drug screening and target verification in pre-clinical oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vítor E Santo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marta F Estrada
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia P Rebelo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sofia Abreu
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susana C Veloso
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2780-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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30
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Gualda EJ, Pereira H, Vale T, Estrada MF, Brito C, Moreno N. SPIM-fluid: open source light-sheet based platform for high-throughput imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4447-56. [PMID: 26601007 PMCID: PMC4646551 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy has recently emerged as the technique of choice for obtaining high quality 3D images of whole organisms/embryos with low photodamage and fast acquisition rates. Here we present an open source unified implementation based on Arduino and Micromanager, which is capable of operating Light Sheet Microscopes for automatized 3D high-throughput imaging on three-dimensional cell cultures and model organisms like zebrafish, oriented to massive drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J. Gualda
- Advance Imaging Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6,Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Hugo Pereira
- Advance Imaging Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6,Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Tiago Vale
- Advance Imaging Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6,Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Marta Falcão Estrada
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Catarina Brito
- iBET - Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras 2781-901, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Nuno Moreno
- Advance Imaging Lab, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6,Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
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31
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Moreno EL, Hachi S, Hemmer K, Trietsch SJ, Baumuratov AS, Hankemeier T, Vulto P, Schwamborn JC, Fleming RMT. Differentiation of neuroepithelial stem cells into functional dopaminergic neurons in 3D microfluidic cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2419-2428. [PMID: 25902196 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00180c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. We derived human neuroepithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells and successfully differentiated them into dopaminergic neurons within phase-guided, three-dimensional microfluidic cell culture bioreactors. After 30 days of differentiation within the microfluidic bioreactors, in situ morphological, immunocytochemical and calcium imaging confirmed the presence of dopaminergic neurons that were spontaneously electrophysiologically active, a characteristic feature of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Differentiation was as efficient as in macroscopic culture, with up to 19% of differentiated neurons immunoreactive for tyrosine hydroxylase, the penultimate enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine. This new microfluidic cell culture model integrates the latest innovations in developmental biology and microfluidic cell culture to generate a biologically realistic and economically efficient route to personalised drug discovery for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinson Lucumi Moreno
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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32
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Pampaloni F, Chang BJ, Stelzer EHK. Light sheet-based fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) for the quantitative imaging of cells and tissues. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 360:129-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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