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Basso V, Döbrössy MD, Thompson LH, Kirik D, Fuller HR, Gates MA. State of the Art in Sub-Phenotyping Midbrain Dopamine Neurons. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:690. [PMID: 39336117 PMCID: PMC11428604 DOI: 10.3390/biology13090690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) comprise around 75% of all dopaminergic neurons in the human brain. While both groups of dopaminergic neurons are in close proximity in the midbrain and partially overlap, development, function, and impairments in these two classes of neurons are highly diverse. The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying these differences are not yet fully understood, but research over the past decade has highlighted the need to differentiate between these two classes of dopaminergic neurons during their development and in the mature brain. This differentiation is crucial not only for understanding fundamental circuitry formation in the brain but also for developing therapies targeted to specific dopaminergic neuron classes without affecting others. In this review, we summarize the state of the art in our understanding of the differences between the dopaminergic neurons of the VTA and the SNpc, such as anatomy, structure, morphology, output and input, electrophysiology, development, and disorders, and discuss the current technologies and methods available for studying these two classes of dopaminergic neurons, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and the necessary improvements required to achieve more-precise therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Basso
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Máté D Döbrössy
- Laboratory of Stereotaxy and Interventional Neurosciences, Department of Stereotactic and Functional, Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Lachlan H Thompson
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Deniz Kirik
- Brain Repair and Imaging in Neural Systems (B.R.A.I.N.S) Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, BMC D11, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Heidi R Fuller
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Inherited Neuromuscular Disease, TORCH Building, RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Monte A Gates
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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Kulatunga DCM, Ranaraja U, Kim EY, Kim RE, Kim DE, Ji KB, Kim MK. A novel APP splice variant-dependent marker system to precisely demarcate maturity in SH-SY5Y cell-derived neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12113. [PMID: 38802572 PMCID: PMC11130256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63005-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
SH-SY5Y, a neuroblastoma cell line, can be converted into mature neuronal phenotypes, characterized by the expression of mature neuronal and neurotransmitter markers. However, the mature phenotypes described across multiple studies appear inconsistent. As this cell line expresses common neuronal markers after a simple induction, there is a high chance of misinterpreting its maturity. Therefore, sole reliance on common neuronal markers is presumably inadequate. The Alzheimer's disease (AD) central gene, amyloid precursor protein (APP), has shown contrasting transcript variant dynamics in various cell types. We differentiated SH-SY5Y cells into mature neuron-like cells using a concise protocol and observed the upregulation of total APP throughout differentiation. However, APP transcript variant-1 was upregulated only during the early to middle stages of differentiation and declined in later stages. We identified the maturity state where this post-transcriptional shift occurs, terming it "true maturity." At this stage, we observed a predominant expression of mature neuronal and cholinergic markers, along with a distinct APP variant pattern. Our findings emphasize the necessity of using a differentiation state-sensitive marker system to precisely characterize SH-SY5Y differentiation. Moreover, this study offers an APP-guided, alternative neuronal marker system to enhance the accuracy of the conventional markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chanuka M Kulatunga
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Umanthi Ranaraja
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dong Ern Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Bin Ji
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Physiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
- MK Biotech Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Fan Y, Zhao M, Hao F, Sun R, Chen J, Liu J. Neuroprotective role of FOXA1 in Parkinson's disease: Involvements of NF1 transcription activation and MAPK signaling pathway inhibition. Brain Res Bull 2024; 206:110860. [PMID: 38143008 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors, plays a crucial role in the development of various organ systems and exhibits neuroprotective properties. This study aims to investigate the effect of FOXA1 on Parkinson's disease (PD) and unravel the underlying mechanism. Transcriptome analysis of PD was conducted using three GEO datasets to identify aberrantly expressed genes. A mouse model of PD was generated by injecting neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP), resulting in reduced FOXA1 expression. FOXA1 decline was also observed in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Artificial upregulation of FOXA1 improved motor abilities of mice according to rotarod and pole tests, and it mitigated tissue damage, cell loss, and neuronal damage in the mouse substantia nigra or in vitro. FOXA1 was found to bind to the neurofibromin 1 (NF1) promoter, thereby inducing its transcription and inactivating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Further experimentation revealed that silencing NF1 in mice or SH-SY5Y cells counteracted the neuroprotective effects of FOXA1. In conclusion, this research suggests that FOXA1 activates NF1 transcription and inactivates the MAPK signaling pathway, ultimately ameliorating neuronal damage and motor disability in PD. The findings may offer novel ideas in the field of PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Meili Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Ruyi Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou 014040, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
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López-Ornelas A, Escobedo-Avila I, Ramírez-García G, Lara-Rodarte R, Meléndez-Ramírez C, Urrieta-Chávez B, Barrios-García T, Cáceres-Chávez VA, Flores-Ponce X, Carmona F, Reynoso CA, Aguilar C, Kerik NE, Rocha L, Verdugo-Díaz L, Treviño V, Bargas J, Ramos-Mejía V, Fernández-Ruiz J, Campos-Romo A, Velasco I. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Immature Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Transplanted in Parkinsonian Monkeys. Cells 2023; 12:2738. [PMID: 38067166 PMCID: PMC10706241 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into specialized cells, including midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs), and Non-human primates (NHPs) injected with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine develop some alterations observed in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we obtained well-characterized DANs from hESCs and transplanted them into two parkinsonian monkeys to assess their behavioral and imaging changes. DANs from hESCs expressed dopaminergic markers, generated action potentials, and released dopamine (DA) in vitro. These neurons were transplanted bilaterally into the putamen of parkinsonian NHPs, and using magnetic resonance imaging techniques, we calculated the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), both employed for the first time for these purposes, to detect in vivo axonal and cellular density changes in the brain. Likewise, positron-emission tomography scans were performed to evaluate grafted DANs. Histological analyses identified grafted DANs, which were quantified stereologically. After grafting, animals showed signs of partially improved motor behavior in some of the HALLWAY motor tasks. Improvement in motor evaluations was inversely correlated with increases in bilateral FA. MD did not correlate with behavior but presented a negative correlation with FA. We also found higher 11C-DTBZ binding in positron-emission tomography scans associated with grafts. Higher DA levels measured by microdialysis after stimulation with a high-potassium solution or amphetamine were present in grafted animals after ten months, which has not been previously reported. Postmortem analysis of NHP brains showed that transplanted DANs survived in the putamen long-term, without developing tumors, in immunosuppressed animals. Although these results need to be confirmed with larger groups of NHPs, our molecular, behavioral, biochemical, and imaging findings support the integration and survival of human DANs in this pre-clinical PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo López-Ornelas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Itzel Escobedo-Avila
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Ramírez-García
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Rolando Lara-Rodarte
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - César Meléndez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Beetsi Urrieta-Chávez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (T.B.-G.); (V.T.)
| | - Verónica A. Cáceres-Chávez
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Xóchitl Flores-Ponce
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Francia Carmona
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Reynoso
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Carlos Aguilar
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Nora E. Kerik
- Molecular Imaging PET-CT Unit, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico; (C.A.R.); (C.A.); (N.E.K.)
| | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (F.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Leticia Verdugo-Díaz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
| | - Víctor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64710, Mexico; (T.B.-G.); (V.T.)
| | - José Bargas
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
| | - Verónica Ramos-Mejía
- Gene Regulation, Stem Cells, and Development Group, GENYO-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer, University of Granada, Andalusian Regional Government, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Fernández-Ruiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
| | - Aurelio Campos-Romo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (L.V.-D.); (J.F.-R.)
- Unidad Periférica de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular—Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.L.-O.); (I.E.-A.); (R.L.-R.); (C.M.-R.); (B.U.-C.); (V.A.C.-C.); (X.F.-P.); (J.B.)
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, Mexico
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Dovonou A, Bolduc C, Soto Linan V, Gora C, Peralta Iii MR, Lévesque M. Animal models of Parkinson's disease: bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37468944 PMCID: PMC10354932 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson's research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Dovonou
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Cyril Bolduc
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Victoria Soto Linan
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Charles Gora
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Modesto R Peralta Iii
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Lévesque
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Verma A, Kommaddi RP, Gnanabharathi B, Hirsch EC, Ravindranath V. Genes critical for development and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons are downregulated in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:495-512. [PMID: 36820885 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We performed transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing on substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) from mice after acute and chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment and from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Acute and chronic exposure to MPTP resulted in decreased expression of genes involved in sodium channel regulation. However, upregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways was seen after single dose but not after chronic MPTP treatment. Dopamine biosynthesis and synaptic vesicle recycling pathways were downregulated in PD patients and after chronic MPTP treatment in mice. Genes essential for midbrain development and determination of dopaminergic phenotype such as, LMX1B, FOXA1, RSPO2, KLHL1, EBF3, PITX3, RGS4, ALDH1A1, RET, FOXA2, EN1, DLK1, GFRA1, LMX1A, NR4A2, GAP43, SNCA, PBX1, and GRB10 were downregulated in human PD and overexpression of GFP tagged LMX1B rescued MPP+ induced death in SH-SY5Y neurons. Downregulation of gene ensemble involved in development and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons indicate their potential involvement in pathogenesis and progression of human PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Verma
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Reddy Peera Kommaddi
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Etienne C Hirsch
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath
- Centre for Neuroscience, Indian Institute of Science, C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560012, India. .,Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Embryoid Body Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Overexpressing Dopaminergic Transcription Factors Survive and Initiate Neurogenesis via Neural Rosettes in the Substantia Nigra. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020329. [PMID: 36831872 PMCID: PMC9954545 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of immature dopaminergic neurons or neural precursors derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) is a potential therapeutic approach for functional restitution of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, further studies are needed to understand the effects of the local microenvironment on the transplanted cells to improve survival and specific differentiation in situ. We have previously reported that the adult SNpc sustains a neurogenic microenvironment. Non-neuralized embryoid body cells (EBCs) from mouse ESCs (mESCs) overexpressing the dopaminergic transcription factor Lmx1a gave rise to many tyrosine hydroxylase (Th+) cells in the intact and damaged adult SNpc, although only for a short-term period. Here, we extended our study by transplanting EBCs from genetically engineered naive human ESC (hESC), overexpressing the dopaminergic transcription factors LMX1A, FOXA2, and OTX2 (hESC-LFO), in the SNpc. Unexpectedly, no graft survival was observed in wild-type hESC EBCs transplants, whereas hESC-LFO EBCs showed viability in the SNpc. Interestingly, neural rosettes, a developmental hallmark of neuroepithelial tissue, emerged at 7- and 15-days post-transplantation (dpt) from the hESC-LFO EBCs. Neural rosettes expressed specification dopaminergic markers (Lmx1a, Otx2), which gave rise to several Th+ cells at 30 dpt. Our results suggest that the SNpc enables the robust initiation of neural differentiation of transplanted human EBCs prompted to differentiate toward the midbrain dopaminergic phenotype.
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Manzar N, Ganguly P, Khan UK, Ateeq B. Transcription networks rewire gene repertoire to coordinate cellular reprograming in prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:76-91. [PMID: 36702449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) represent the most commonly deregulated DNA-binding class of proteins associated with multiple human cancers. They can act as transcriptional activators or repressors that rewire the cistrome, resulting in cellular reprogramming during cancer progression. Deregulation of TFs is associated with the onset and maintenance of various cancer types including prostate cancer. An emerging subset of TFs has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the role of key TFs which modulate transcriptional cicuitries involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We further highlight the role of TFs associated with key cancer hallmarks, including, chromatin remodeling, genome instability, DNA repair, invasion, and metastasis. We also discuss the pluripotent function of TFs in conferring lineage plasticity, that aids in disease progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. At the end, we summarize the current understanding and approaches employed for the therapeutic targeting of TFs and their cofactors in the clinical setups to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Manzar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Promit Ganguly
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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9
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Zhao J, Huai J. Role of primary aging hallmarks in Alzheimer´s disease. Theranostics 2023; 13:197-230. [PMID: 36593969 PMCID: PMC9800733 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, which severely threatens the health of the elderly and causes significant economic and social burdens. The causes of AD are complex and include heritable but mostly aging-related factors. The primary aging hallmarks include genomic instability, telomere wear, epigenetic changes, and loss of protein stability, which play a dominant role in the aging process. Although AD is closely associated with the aging process, the underlying mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis have not been well characterized. This review summarizes the available literature about primary aging hallmarks and their roles in AD pathogenesis. By analyzing published literature, we attempted to uncover the possible mechanisms of aberrant epigenetic markers with related enzymes, transcription factors, and loss of proteostasis in AD. In particular, the importance of oxidative stress-induced DNA methylation and DNA methylation-directed histone modifications and proteostasis are highlighted. A molecular network of gene regulatory elements that undergoes a dynamic change with age may underlie age-dependent AD pathogenesis, and can be used as a new drug target to treat AD.
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10
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Abbott J, Tambe M, Pavlinov I, Farkhondeh A, Nguyen HN, Xu M, Pradhan M, York T, Might M, Baumgärtel K, Rodems S, Zheng W. Generation and characterization of NGLY1 patient-derived midbrain organoids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1039182. [PMID: 36875753 PMCID: PMC9978932 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1039182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NGLY1 deficiency is an ultra-rare, autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the NGLY1 gene encoding N-glycanase one that removes N-linked glycan. Patients with pathogenic mutations in NGLY1 have complex clinical symptoms including global developmental delay, motor disorder and liver dysfunction. To better understand the disease pathogenesis and the neurological symptoms of the NGLY1 deficiency we generated and characterized midbrain organoids using patient-derived iPSCs from two patients with distinct disease-causing mutations-one homozygous for p. Q208X, the other compound heterozygous for p. L318P and p. R390P and CRISPR generated NGLY1 knockout iPSCs. We demonstrate that NGLY1 deficient midbrain organoids show altered neuronal development compared to one wild type (WT) organoid. Both neuronal (TUJ1) and astrocytic glial fibrillary acid protein markers were reduced in NGLY1 patient-derived midbrain organoids along with neurotransmitter GABA. Interestingly, staining for dopaminergic neuronal marker, tyrosine hydroxylase, revealed a significant reduction in patient iPSC derived organoids. These results provide a relevant NGLY1 disease model to investigate disease mechanisms and evaluate therapeutics for treatments of NGLY1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Abbott
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mitali Tambe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Atena Farkhondeh
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ha Nam Nguyen
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,3Dnamics, Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Manisha Pradhan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tate York
- NeuroScience Associates Inc, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew Might
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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11
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Roy D, Kundu S, Mukherjee S. Development of Computational Correlations among Known Drug Scaffolds and their Target-Specific Non-Coding RNA Scaffolds of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:539-556. [PMID: 37870052 DOI: 10.2174/0115672050261526231013095933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Recent development in sciences has also identified the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES We proposed a novel method to identify AD pathway-specific statistically significant miRNAs from the targets of known AD drugs. Moreover, microRNA scaffolds and corresponding drug scaffolds of different pathways were also discovered. MATERIAL AND METHODS A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to identify pathway-specific significant miRNAs. We generated feed-forward loop regulations of microRNA-TF-gene-based networks, studied the minimum free energy structures of pre-microRNA sequences, and clustered those microRNAs with their corresponding structural motifs of robust transcription factors. Conservation analyses of significant microRNAs were done, and the phylogenetic trees were constructed. We identified 3'UTR binding sites and chromosome locations of these significant microRNAs. RESULTS In this study, hsa-miR-4261, hsa-miR-153-5p, hsa-miR-6766, and hsa-miR-4319 were identified as key miRNAs for the ACHE pathway and hsa-miR-326, hsa-miR-6133, hsa-miR-4251, hsa-miR-3148, hsa-miR-10527-5p, hsa-miR-527, and hsa-miR-518a were identified as regulatory miRNAs for the NMDA pathway. These miRNAs were regulated by several AD-specific TFs, namely RAD21, FOXA1, and ESR1. It has been observed that anisole and adamantane are important chemical scaffolds to regulate these significant miRNAs. CONCLUSION This is the first study that developed a detailed correlation between known AD drug scaffolds and their AD target-specific miRNA scaffolds. This study identified chromosomal locations of microRNAs and corresponding structural scaffolds of transcription factors that may be responsible for miRNA co-regulation for Alzheimer's disease. Our study provides hope for therapeutic improvements in the existing microRNAs by regulating pathways and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debjani Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences Bose Institute, Unified Academic Campus. EN-80, Sector V, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata- 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Shymodip Kundu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Nadia, Haringhata, 741249, India
| | - Swayambhik Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College, 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, West Bengal, India
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12
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Prakash N. Developmental pathways linked to the vulnerability of adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1071731. [PMID: 36618829 PMCID: PMC9815185 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of dopaminergic and other neurons in the aging brain is considered a process starting well beyond the infantile and juvenile period. In contrast to other dopamine-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and drug addiction, typically diagnosed during adolescence or young adulthood and, thus, thought to be rooted in the developing brain, Parkinson's Disease (PD) is rarely viewed as such. However, evidences have accumulated suggesting that several factors might contribute to an increased vulnerability to death of the dopaminergic neurons at an already very early (developmental) phase in life. Despite the remarkable ability of the brain to compensate such dopamine deficits, the early loss or dysfunction of these neurons might predispose an individual to suffer from PD because the critical threshold of dopamine function will be reached much earlier in life, even if the time-course and strength of naturally occurring and age-dependent dopaminergic cell death is not markedly altered in this individual. Several signaling and transcriptional pathways required for the proper embryonic development of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which are the most affected in PD, either continue to be active in the adult mammalian midbrain or are reactivated at the transition to adulthood and under neurotoxic conditions. The persistent activity of these pathways often has neuroprotective functions in adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons, whereas the reactivation of silenced pathways under pathological conditions can promote the survival and even regeneration of these neurons in the lesioned or aging brain. This article summarizes our current knowledge about signaling and transcription factors involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron development, whose reduced gene dosage or signaling activity are implicated in a lower survival rate of these neurons in the postnatal or aging brain. It also discusses the evidences supporting the neuroprotection of the midbrain dopaminergic system after the external supply or ectopic expression of some of these secreted and nuclear factors in the adult and aging brain. Altogether, the timely monitoring and/or correction of these signaling and transcriptional pathways might be a promising approach to a much earlier diagnosis and/or prevention of PD.
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Jagtap S, Potdar C, Yadav R, Pal PK, Datta I. Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiated from LRRK2 I1371V-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Display a Lower Yield, α-Synuclein Pathology, and Functional Impairment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2632-2645. [PMID: 36006382 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Being a large multidomain protein, LRRK2 has several confirmed pathological mutant variants for PD, and the incidence of these variants shows ethnicity biases. I1371V, a mutation in the GTPase domain, has been reported in East-Asian populations, but there are no studies reported on dopaminergic (DA) neurons differentiated from this variant. The aim here was to assess the yield, function, and α-synuclein pathology of DA neurons differentiated from LRRK2 I1371V iPSCs. FACS analysis of neural progenitors (NPs) showed a comparable immunopositive population of cells for neural and glial progenitor markers nestin and S100β; however, NPs from I1371V iPSCs showed lower clonogenic and proliferative capacities than healthy control NPs as determined by the neurosphere assay and Ki67 expression. Floor plate cells obtained from I1371V NPs primed with FGF8 showed distinctly lower immunopositivity for FOXA2 and CLIC5 than healthy control FPCs and similar DOC2B expression. On SHH addition, a similar mature neuronal population was obtained from both groups; however, the yield of TH-immunopositive cells was significantly lower in I1371V, with lower expression of mature DA neuronal markers En1, Nurr1, and DAT. Vesicular dopamine release and intracellular Ca2+ response with KCl stimulation were lower in I1371V DA neurons, along with a significantly reduced expression of resting vesicle marker VMAT2. A concurrently lower expression of PSD95/Syn-I immunopositive puncta was observed in I1371V differentiated cells. Further, higher phosphorylation of α-synuclein and aggregation of oligomeric α-synuclein in I1371V DA neurons were observed. Our data demonstrated conclusively for the first time that mutations in the I1371V allele of LRRK2 showed developmental deficit from the FPC stage and generated a lower yield/number of TH-immunopositive neurons with impairment in their function and synapse density along with increased α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Jagtap
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrakanta Potdar
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Biophysics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Institute of National Importance, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, India
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14
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Joseph A, Thirupathamma M, Mathews E, Alagu M. Genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian and Global Population: A Review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:135. [PMID: 37192883 PMCID: PMC9438889 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetes contribute to the majority of deaths in India. Public health programmes on non-communicable diseases (NCD) prevention primarily target the behavioural risk factors of the population. Hereditary is known as a risk factor for most NCDs, specifically, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hence, understanding of the genetic markers of T2DM may facilitate prevention, early case detection and management. Main body We reviewed the studies that explored marker-trait association with type 2 diabetes mellitus globally, with emphasis on India. Globally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7903146 of Transcription Factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene was common, though there were alleles that were unique to specific populations. Within India, the state-wise data were also taken to foresee the distribution of risk/susceptible alleles. The findings from India showcased the common and unique alleles for each region. Conclusion Exploring the known and unknown genetic determinants might assist in risk prediction before the onset of behavioural risk factors and deploy prevention measures. Most studies were conducted in non-representative groups with inherent limitations such as smaller sample size or looking into only specific marker-trait associations. Genome-wide association studies using data from extensive prospective studies are required in highly prevalent regions worldwide. Further research is required to understand the singular effect and the interaction of genes in predicting diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Joseph
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671320 India
| | - Maradana Thirupathamma
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671320 India
| | - Elezebeth Mathews
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671320 India
| | - Manickavelu Alagu
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671320 India
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15
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Xia N, Cabin DE, Fang F, Reijo Pera RA. Parkinson's Disease: Overview of Transcription Factor Regulation, Genetics, and Cellular and Animal Models. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:894620. [PMID: 35600613 PMCID: PMC9115107 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.894620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting nearly 7-10 million people worldwide. Over the last decade, there has been considerable progress in our understanding of the genetic basis of PD, in the development of stem cell-based and animal models of PD, and in management of some clinical features. However, there remains little ability to change the trajectory of PD and limited knowledge of the underlying etiology of PD. The role of genetics versus environment and the underlying physiology that determines the trajectory of the disease are still debated. Moreover, even though protein aggregates such as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites may provide diagnostic value, their physiological role remains to be fully elucidated. Finally, limitations to the model systems for probing the genetics, etiology and biology of Parkinson's disease have historically been a challenge. Here, we review highlights of the genetics of PD, advances in understanding molecular pathways and physiology, especially transcriptional factor (TF) regulators, and the development of model systems to probe etiology and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninuo Xia
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Deborah E. Cabin
- McLaughlin Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Great Falls, MT, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Renee A. Reijo Pera
- McLaughlin Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Great Falls, MT, United States
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16
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Liu M, Liu C, Xiao X, Han S, Bi M, Jiao Q, Chen X, Yan C, Du X, Jiang H. Role of upregulation of the K ATP channel subunit SUR1 in dopaminergic neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13618. [PMID: 35441806 PMCID: PMC9124303 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels play an important role in the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Furthermore, the expression of the KATP channel subunit sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is upregulated in the remaining nigral dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism underlying this selective upregulation of the SUR1 subunit and its subsequent roles in PD progression are largely unknown. In 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐month‐old A53T α‐synuclein transgenic (α‐SynA53T+/+) mice, only the SUR1 subunit and not SUR2B or Kir6.2 was upregulated, accompanied by neuronal damage. Moreover, the occurrence of burst firing in dopaminergic neurons was increased with the upregulation of the SUR1 subunit, whereas no changes in the firing rate were observed except in 9‐month‐old α‐SynA53T+/+ mice. After interference with SUR1 expression by injection of lentivirus into the SN, the progression of dopaminergic neuron degeneration was delayed. Further studies showed that elevated expression of the transcription factors FOXA1 and FOXA2 could cause the upregulation of the SUR1 subunit in α‐SynA53T+/+ mice. Our findings revealed the regulatory mechanism of the SUR1 subunit and the role of KATP channels in the progression of dopaminergic neuron degeneration, providing a new target for PD drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Shuai‐Shuai Han
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Ming‐Xia Bi
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Chun‐Ling Yan
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Xi‐Xun Du
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology School of Basic Medicine Qingdao University Qingdao China
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17
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Chalazonitis A, Rao M, Sulzer D. Similarities and differences between nigral and enteric dopaminergic neurons unravel distinctive involvement in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:50. [PMID: 35459867 PMCID: PMC9033791 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the well-known degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, enteric neurons can also be affected in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopaminergic neurons have recently been identified in the enteric nervous system (ENS). While ENS dopaminergic neurons have been shown to degenerate in genetic mouse models of PD, analyses of their survival in enteric biopsies of PD patients have provided inconsistent results to date. In this context, this review seeks to highlight the distinctive and shared factors and properties that control the evolution of these two sets of dopaminergic neurons from neuronal precursors to aging neurons. Although their cellular sources and developmental times of origin differ, midbrain and ENS dopaminergic neurons express many transcription factors in common and their respective environments express similar neurotrophic molecules. For example, Foxa2 and Sox6 are expressed by both populations to promote the specification, differentiation, and long-term maintenance of the dopaminergic phenotype. Both populations exhibit sustained patterns of excitability that drive intrinsic vulnerability over time. In disorders such as PD, colon biopsies have revealed aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the submucosal plexus where dopaminergic neurons reside and lack blood barrier protection. Thus, these enteric neurons may be more susceptible to neurotoxic insults and aggregation of α-synuclein that spreads from gut to midbrain. Under sustained stress, inefficient autophagy leads to neurodegeneration, GI motility dysfunction, and PD symptoms. Recent findings suggest that novel neurotrophic factors such as CDNF have the potential to be used as neuroprotective agents to prevent and treat ENS symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alcmène Chalazonitis
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Meenakshi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatry Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
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18
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Optimizing maturity and dose of iPSC-derived dopamine progenitor cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:24. [PMID: 35449132 PMCID: PMC9023503 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of treating Parkinson’s disease with cell replacement therapy, differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are an ideal source of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) cells. We previously established a protocol for differentiating iPSC-derived post-mitotic mDA neurons capable of reversing 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hemiparkinsonism in rats. In the present study, we transitioned the iPSC starting material and defined an adapted differentiation protocol for further translation into a clinical cell transplantation therapy. We examined the effects of cellular maturity on survival and efficacy of the transplants by engrafting mDA progenitors (cryopreserved at 17 days of differentiation, D17), immature neurons (D24), and post-mitotic neurons (D37) into immunocompromised hemiparkinsonian rats. We found that D17 progenitors were markedly superior to immature D24 or mature D37 neurons in terms of survival, fiber outgrowth and effects on motor deficits. Intranigral engraftment to the ventral midbrain demonstrated that D17 cells had a greater capacity than D24 cells to innervate over long distance to forebrain structures, including the striatum. When D17 cells were assessed across a wide dose range (7,500-450,000 injected cells per striatum), there was a clear dose response with regards to numbers of surviving neurons, innervation, and functional recovery. Importantly, although these grafts were derived from iPSCs, we did not observe teratoma formation or significant outgrowth of other cells in any animal. These data support the concept that human iPSC-derived D17 mDA progenitors are suitable for clinical development with the aim of transplantation trials in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
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19
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Miozzo F, Valencia-Alarcón EP, Stickley L, Majcin Dorcikova M, Petrelli F, Tas D, Loncle N, Nikonenko I, Bou Dib P, Nagoshi E. Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons governed by a conserved developmental transcription factor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1426. [PMID: 35301315 PMCID: PMC8931002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Dysregulation of developmental transcription factors is implicated in dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Drosophila Fer2 is a prime example of a developmental transcription factor required for the birth and maintenance of midbrain DA neurons. Using an approach combining ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and genetic epistasis experiments with PD-linked genes, here we demonstrate that Fer2 controls a transcriptional network to maintain mitochondrial structure and function, and thus confers dopaminergic neuroprotection against genetic and oxidative insults. We further show that conditional ablation of Nato3, a mouse homolog of Fer2, in differentiated DA neurons causes mitochondrial abnormalities and locomotor impairments in aged mice. Our results reveal the essential and conserved role of Fer2 homologs in the mitochondrial maintenance of midbrain DA neurons, opening new perspectives for modeling and treating PD. Mitochondrial dysfunction in dopaminergic neurons is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease. Here, the authors find a conserved mechanism by which a single transcription factor controls mitochondrial health in dopaminergic neurons during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Miozzo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Institute - CNR (IN-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Eva P Valencia-Alarcón
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Luca Stickley
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michaëla Majcin Dorcikova
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Damla Tas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loncle
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Puma Biotechnology, Inc., Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irina Nikonenko
- Department of Basic Neurosciences and the Center for Neuroscience, CMU, University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bou Dib
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emi Nagoshi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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20
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Zhang J, Sun B, Yang J, Chen Z, Li Z, Zhang N, Li H, Shen L. Comparison of the effect of rotenone and 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6‑tetrahydropyridine on inducing chronic Parkinson's disease in mouse models. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:91. [PMID: 35039876 PMCID: PMC8809117 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) are very useful in understanding the pathogenesis of PD and screening for new therapeutic approaches. The present study compared two commonly used neurotoxin‑induced mouse models of chronic PD to guide model selection, explore the pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying PD and develop effective treatments. The chronic PD mouse models were established via treatment with rotenone or 1‑methyl‑4‑phenyl‑1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) for 6 weeks. The effects of rotenone and MPTP in the mice were compared by assessing neurobehavior, neuropathology and mitochondrial function through the use of the pole, rotarod and open field tests, immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium‑binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba‑1), neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) and (p)S129 α‑synuclein, immunofluorescence for GFAP, Iba‑1 and NeuN, western blotting for TH, oxygen consumption, complex I enzyme activity. The locomotor activity, motor coordination and exploratory behavior in both rotenone and MPTP groups were significantly lower compared with the control group. However, behavioral tests were no significant differences between the two groups. In the MPTP group, the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, the reduction of the tyrosine hydroxylase content in the SN and striatum and the astrocyte proliferation and microglial activation in the SN were more significant compared with the rotenone group. Notably, mitochondrial‑dependent oxygen consumption and complex I enzyme activity in the SN were significantly reduced in the rotenone group compared with the MPTP group. In addition, Lewy bodies were present only in SN neurons in the rotenone group. Although no significant differences in neurobehavior were observed between the two mouse models, the MPTP model reproduced the pathological features of PD more precisely in terms of the loss of DA neurons, decreased dopamine levels and neuroinflammation in the SN. On the other hand, the rotenone model was more suitable for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction (deficient complex I activity) and Lewy body formation in the SN, which is a characteristic pathological feature of PD. The results indicated that MPTP and rotenone PD models have advantages and disadvantages, therefore one or both should be selected based on the purpose of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Bohao Sun
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Jifeng Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzheng Li
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Internal Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Department of Internal Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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21
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Roles of Transcription Factors in the Development and Reprogramming of the Dopaminergic Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020845. [PMID: 35055043 PMCID: PMC8775916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons regulate various critical processes in the mammalian nervous system, including voluntary movement and a wide range of behaviors such as mood, reward, addiction, and stress. mdDA neuronal loss is linked with one of the most prominent human movement neurological disorders, Parkinson’s disease (PD). How these cells die and regenerate are two of the most hotly debated PD research topics. As for the latter, it has been long known that a series of transcription factors (TFs) involves the development of mdDA neurons, specifying cell types and controlling developmental patterns. In vitro and in vivo, TFs regulate the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, a dopamine transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, and L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, all of which are critical for dopamine synthesis and transport in dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons). In this review, we encapsulate the molecular mechanism of TFs underlying embryonic growth and maturation of mdDA neurons and update achievements on dopaminergic cell therapy dependent on knowledge of TFs in mdDA neuronal development. We believe that a deeper understanding of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors that influence DA neurons’ fate and development in the midbrain could lead to a better strategy for PD cell therapy.
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22
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Mousavinejad M, Skidmore S, Barone FG, Tyers P, Pisupati V, Poptani H, Plagge A, Barker RA, Murray P, Taylor A, Hill CJ. Assessing Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dopaminergic Neuron Progenitor Transplants Using Non-invasive Imaging Techniques. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1244-1254. [PMID: 32378000 PMCID: PMC7497430 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived dopaminergic neuron progenitor cells (DAPCs) are a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their intracranial administration raises safety concerns including uncontrolled proliferation, migration and inflammation. Here, we apply a bimodal imaging approach to investigate the fate of DAPC transplants in the rat striatum. PROCEDURES DAPCs co-expressing luciferase and ZsGreen or labelled with micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIOs) were transplanted in the striatum of RNU rats (n = 6 per group). DAPCs were tracked in vivo using bioluminescence and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modalities. RESULTS Transgene silencing in differentiating DAPCs accompanied with signal attenuation due to animal growth rendered the bioluminescence undetectable by week 2 post intrastriatal transplantation. However, MR imaging of MPIO-labelled DAPCs showed that transplanted cells remained at the site of injection for over 120 days. Post-mortem histological analysis of DAPC transplants demonstrated that labelling with either luciferase/ZsGreen or MPIOs did not affect the ability of cells to differentiate into mature dopaminergic neurons. Importantly, labelled cells did not elicit increased glial reactivity compared to non-labelled cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings support the transplantation of hPSC-derived DAPCs as a safe treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mousavinejad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - S Skidmore
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.,WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F G Barone
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - P Tyers
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Pisupati
- WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - A Plagge
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - R A Barker
- WT-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair & Department of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
| | - C J Hill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK. .,Centre for Women's Health Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L8 7SS, UK.
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23
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Elghajiji A, Wang X, Weston SD, Zeck G, Hengerer B, Tosh D, Rocha PRF. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Monitoring Cell Differentiation from Floor Plate Progenitors to Midbrain Neurons in Real Time. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2100330. [PMID: 33825335 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here shows that electrical impedance spectroscopy can be used as a non-invasive and real time tool to probe cell adhesion and differentiation from midbrain floor plate progenitors into midbrain neurons on Au electrodes coated with human laminin. The electrical data and equivalent circuit modeling are consistent with standard microscopy analysis and reveal that within the first 6 hours progenitor cells sediment and attach to the electrode within 40 hours. Between 40 and 120 hours, midbrain progenitor cells differentiate into midbrain neurons, followed by an electrochemically stable maturation phase. The ability to sense and characterize non-invasively and in real time cell differentiation opens up unprecedented avenues for implantable therapies and differentiation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Elghajiji
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Weston
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Guenther Zeck
- Biomedical Electronics and Systems, Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, A-1040, Austria
| | - Bastian Hengerer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, 88397, Germany
| | - David Tosh
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo R F Rocha
- Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices (C3Bio), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Centre for Functional Ecology (CFE), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
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24
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Stein D, Mizrahi A, Golova A, Saretzky A, Venzor AG, Slobodnik Z, Kaluski S, Einav M, Khrameeva E, Toiber D. Aging and pathological aging signatures of the brain: through the focusing lens of SIRT6. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6420-6441. [PMID: 33690173 PMCID: PMC7993737 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain-specific SIRT6-KO mice present increased DNA damage, learning impairments, and neurodegenerative phenotypes, placing SIRT6 as a key protein in preventing neurodegeneration. In the aging brain, SIRT6 levels/activity decline, which is accentuated in Alzheimer's patients. To understand SIRT6 roles in transcript pattern changes, we analyzed transcriptomes of young WT, old WT and young SIRT6-KO mice brains, and found changes in gene expression related to healthy and pathological aging. In addition, we traced these differences in human and mouse samples of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, healthy aging and calorie restriction (CR). Our results define four gene expression categories that change with age in a pathological or non-pathological manner, which are either reversed or not by CR. We found that each of these gene expression categories is associated with specific transcription factors, thus serving as potential candidates for their category-specific regulation. One of these candidates is YY1, which we found to act together with SIRT6 regulating specific processes. We thus argue that SIRT6 has a pivotal role in preventing age-related transcriptional changes in brains. Therefore, reduced SIRT6 activity may drive pathological age-related gene expression signatures in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stein
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anastasia Golova
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Adam Saretzky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alfredo Garcia Venzor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zeev Slobodnik
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shai Kaluski
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Monica Einav
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Center of Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Debra Toiber
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
- The Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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25
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Parkinson's Disease Master Regulators on Substantia Nigra and Frontal Cortex and Their Use for Drug Repositioning. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:1517-1534. [PMID: 33211252 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Available evidences support the view of PD as a complex disease, being the outcome of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In face of diagnosis and therapy challenges, and the elusive PD etiology, the use of alternative methodological approaches for the elucidation of the disease pathophysiological mechanisms and proposal of novel potential therapeutic interventions has become increasingly necessary. In the present study, we first reconstructed the transcriptional regulatory networks (TN), centered on transcription factors (TF), of two brain regions affected in PD, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the frontal cortex (FCtx). Then, we used case-control studies data from these regions to identify TFs working as master regulators (MR) of the disease, based on region-specific TNs. Twenty-nine regulatory units enriched with differentially expressed genes were identified for the SNc, and twenty for the FCtx, all of which were considered MR candidates for PD. Three consensus MR candidates were found for SNc and FCtx, namely ATF2, SLC30A9, and ZFP69B. In order to search for novel potential therapeutic interventions, we used these consensus MR candidate signatures as input to the Connectivity Map (CMap), a computational drug repositioning webtool. This analysis resulted in the identification of four drugs that reverse the expression pattern of all three MR consensus simultaneously, benperidol, harmaline, tubocurarine chloride, and vorinostat, thus suggested as novel potential PD therapeutic interventions.
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26
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Airavaara M, Parkkinen I, Konovalova J, Albert K, Chmielarz P, Domanskyi A. Back and to the Future: From Neurotoxin-Induced to Human Parkinson's Disease Models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 91:e88. [PMID: 32049438 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as tremor, slowness of movement, rigidity, and postural instability, as well as non-motor features like sleep disturbances, loss of ability to smell, depression, constipation, and pain. Motor symptoms are caused by depletion of dopamine in the striatum due to the progressive loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Approximately 10% of PD cases are familial arising from genetic mutations in α-synuclein, LRRK2, DJ-1, PINK1, parkin, and several other proteins. The majority of PD cases are, however, idiopathic, i.e., having no clear etiology. PD is characterized by progressive accumulation of insoluble inclusions, known as Lewy bodies, mostly composed of α-synuclein and membrane components. The cause of PD is currently attributed to cellular proteostasis deregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which are likely interdependent. In addition, neuroinflammation is present in brains of PD patients, but whether it is the cause or consequence of neurodegeneration remains to be studied. Rodents do not develop PD or PD-like motor symptoms spontaneously; however, neurotoxins, genetic mutations, viral vector-mediated transgene expression and, recently, injections of misfolded α-synuclein have been successfully utilized to model certain aspects of the disease. Here, we critically review the advantages and drawbacks of rodent PD models and discuss approaches to advance pre-clinical PD research towards successful disease-modifying therapy. © 2020 The Authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilmari Parkkinen
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Konovalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katrina Albert
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Hiller BM, Marmion DJ, Gross RM, Thompson CA, Chavez CA, Brundin P, Wakeman DR, McMahon CW, Kordower JH. Mitomycin-C treatment during differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopamine neurons reduces proliferation without compromising survival or function in vivo. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:278-290. [PMID: 32997443 PMCID: PMC7848297 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nongenetic methodologies to reduce undesirable proliferation would be valuable when generating dopamine neurons from stem cells for transplantation in Parkinson's disease (PD). To this end, we modified an established method for controlled differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into midbrain dopamine neurons using two distinct methods: omission of FGF8 or the in‐process use of the DNA cross‐linker mitomycin‐C (MMC). We transplanted the cells to athymic rats with unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine lesions and monitored long‐term survival and function of the grafts. Transplants of cells manufactured using MMC had low proliferation while still permitting robust survival and function comparable to that seen with transplanted dopamine neurons derived using genetic drug selection. Conversely, cells manufactured without FGF8 survived transplantation but exhibited poor in vivo function. Our results suggest that MMC can be used to reduce the number of proliferative cells in stem cell‐derived postmitotic neuron preparations for use in PD cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Hiller
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David J Marmion
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rachel M Gross
- College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | - Patrik Brundin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Dustin R Wakeman
- Virscio, Inc., New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey H Kordower
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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28
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Cota-Coronado J, Sandoval-Ávila S, Gaytan-Dávila Y, Diaz N, Vega-Ruiz B, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz-Martínez N. New transgenic models of Parkinson's disease using genome editing technology. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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29
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Regulation of Social Stress and Neural Degeneration by Activity-Regulated Genes and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Dopaminergic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4500-4510. [PMID: 32748368 PMCID: PMC7515954 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of both dopaminergic neurons and their accompanying glial cells is of great interest in the search for therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this review, we collate transcriptional and epigenetic changes identified in adult Drosophila melanogaster dopaminergic neurons in response to either prolonged social deprivation or social enrichment, and compare them with changes identified in mammalian dopaminergic neurons during normal development, stress, injury, and neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, a small set of activity-regulated genes (ARG) encoding transcription factors, and a specific pattern of epigenetic marks on gene promoters, are conserved in dopaminergic neurons over the long evolutionary period between mammals and insects. In addition to their classical function as immediate early genes to mark acute neuronal activity, these ARG transcription factors are repurposed in both insects and mammals to respond to chronic perturbations such as social enrichment, social stress, nerve injury, and neurodegeneration. We suggest that these ARG transcription factors and epigenetic marks may represent important targets for future therapeutic intervention strategies in various neurodegenerative disorders including PD.
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30
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Molecular Regulation in Dopaminergic Neuron Development. Cues to Unveil Molecular Pathogenesis and Pharmacological Targets of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113995. [PMID: 32503161 PMCID: PMC7312927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relatively few dopaminergic neurons in the mammalian brain are mostly located in the midbrain and regulate many important neural functions, including motor integration, cognition, emotive behaviors and reward. Therefore, alteration of their function or degeneration leads to severe neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Unraveling the mechanisms of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) phenotype induction and maturation and elucidating the role of the gene network involved in the development and maintenance of these neurons is of pivotal importance to rescue or substitute these cells in order to restore dopaminergic functions. Recently, in addition to morphogens and transcription factors, microRNAs have been identified as critical players to confer mDA identity. The elucidation of the gene network involved in mDA neuron development and function will be crucial to identify early changes of mDA neurons that occur in pre-symptomatic pathological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease. In addition, it can help to identify targets for new therapies and for cell reprogramming into mDA neurons. In this essay, we review the cascade of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation that confers mDA identity and regulates their functions. Additionally, we highlight certain mechanisms that offer important clues to unveil molecular pathogenesis of mDA neuron dysfunction and potential pharmacological targets for the treatment of mDA neuron dysfunction.
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31
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Paranjapye A, Mutolo MJ, Ebron JS, Leir SH, Harris A. The FOXA1 transcriptional network coordinates key functions of primary human airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L126-L136. [PMID: 32432922 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00023.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiated functions of the human airway epithelium are coordinated by a complex network of transcription factors. These include the pioneer factors Forkhead box A1 and A2 (FOXA1 and FOXA2), which are well studied in several tissues, but their role in airway epithelial cells is poorly characterized. Here, we define the cistrome of FOXA1 and FOXA2 in primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation with deep-sequencing (ChIP-seq). Next, siRNA-mediated depletion of each factor is used to investigate their transcriptome by RNA-seq. We found that, as predicted from their DNA-binding motifs, genome-wide occupancy of the two factors showed substantial overlap; however, their global impact on gene expression differed. FOXA1 is an abundant transcript in HBE cells, while FOXA2 is expressed at low levels, and both these factors likely exhibit autoregulation and cross-regulation. FOXA1 regulated loci are involved in cell adhesion and the maintenance of epithelial cell identity, particularly through repression of genes associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). FOXA1 also directly targets other transcription factors with a known role in the airway epithelium such as SAM-pointed domain-containing Ets-like factor (SPDEF). The intersection of the cistrome and transcriptome for FOXA1 revealed enrichment of genes involved in epithelial development and tissue morphogenesis. Moreover, depletion of FOXA1 was shown to reduce the transepithelial resistance of HBE cells, confirming the role of this factor in maintaining epithelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alekh Paranjapye
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Michael J Mutolo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jey Sabith Ebron
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shih-Hsing Leir
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann Harris
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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32
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Gao B, Xie W, Wu X, Wang L, Guo J. Functionally analyzing the important roles of hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (FoxA) in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188365. [PMID: 32325165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional factors (TFs) play a central role in governing gene expression under physiological conditions including the processes of embryonic development, metabolic homeostasis and response to extracellular stimuli. Conceivably, the aberrant dysregulations of TFs would dominantly result in various human disorders including tumorigenesis, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Serving as the most evolutionarily reserved TFs, Fox family TFs have been explored to exert distinct biological functions in neoplastic development, by manipulating diverse gene expression. Recently, among the Fox family members, the pilot roles of FoxAs attract more attention due to their functions as both pioneer factor and transcriptional factor in human tumorigenesis, particularly in the sex-dimorphism tumors. Therefore, the pathological roles of FoxAs in tumorigenesis have been well-explored in modulating inflammation, immune response and metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the impressive progression of FoxA functional annotation, clinical relevance, upstream regulators and downstream effectors, as well as valuable animal models, and highlight the potential strategies to target FoxAs for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Xueji Wu
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China.
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Sharma A, Osato N, Liu H, Asthana S, Dakal TC, Ambrosini G, Bucher P, Schmitt I, Wüllner U. Common genetic variants associated with Parkinson's disease display widespread signature of epigenetic plasticity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18464. [PMID: 31804560 PMCID: PMC6895091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by a pivotal progressive loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein protein encoded by the SNCA gene. Genome-wide association studies identified almost 100 sequence variants linked to PD in SNCA. However, the consequences of this genetic variability are rather unclear. Herein, our analysis on selective single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which are highly associated with the PD susceptibility revealed that several SNP sites attribute to the nucleosomes and overlay with bivalent regions poised to adopt either active or repressed chromatin states. We also identified large number of transcription factor (TF) binding sites associated with these variants. In addition, we located two docking sites in the intron-1 methylation prone region of SNCA which are required for the putative interactions with DNMT1. Taken together, our analysis reflects an additional layer of epigenomic contribution for the regulation of the SNCA gene in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Naoki Osato
- Department of Bioinformatics Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hongde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Drug Discovery Research Centre (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Haryana, 121001, India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome & Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Philipp Bucher
- EPFL and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ina Schmitt
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany. .,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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34
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Drosophila Models of Sporadic Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113343. [PMID: 30373150 PMCID: PMC6275057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common cause of movement disorders and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. It is increasingly recognized as a complex group of disorders presenting widely heterogeneous symptoms and pathology. With the exception of the rare monogenic forms, the majority of PD cases result from an interaction between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. The search for these risk factors and the development of preclinical animal models are in progress, aiming to provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. This review summarizes the studies that capitalize on modeling sporadic (i.e., nonfamilial) PD using Drosophilamelanogaster and discusses their methodologies, new findings, and future perspectives.
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35
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Chen ZS, Li L, Peng S, Chen FM, Zhang Q, An Y, Lin X, Li W, Koon AC, Chan TF, Lau KF, Ngo JCK, Wong WT, Kwan KM, Chan HYE. Planar cell polarity gene Fuz triggers apoptosis in neurodegenerative disease models. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745409. [PMID: 30026307 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) describes a cell-cell communication process through which individual cells coordinate and align within the plane of a tissue. In this study, we show that overexpression of Fuz, a PCP gene, triggers neuronal apoptosis via the dishevelled/Rac1 GTPase/MEKK1/JNK/caspase signalling axis. Consistent with this finding, endogenous Fuz expression is upregulated in models of polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases and in fibroblasts from spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) patients. The disruption of this upregulation mitigates polyQ-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila We show that the transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) associates with the Fuz promoter. Overexpression of YY1 promotes the hypermethylation of Fuz promoter, causing transcriptional repression of Fuz Remarkably, YY1 protein is recruited to ATXN3-Q84 aggregates, which reduces the level of functional, soluble YY1, resulting in Fuz transcriptional derepression and induction of neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, Fuz transcript level is elevated in amyloid beta-peptide, Tau and α-synuclein models, implicating its potential involvement in other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Taken together, this study unveils a generic Fuz-mediated apoptotic cell death pathway in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefan Stephen Chen
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shaohong Peng
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Francis M Chen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying An
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Li
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alex Chun Koon
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Molecular Biotechnology Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Molecular Biotechnology Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacky Chi Ki Ngo
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Ming Kwan
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology (CUHK), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Yin Edwin Chan
- Laboratory of Drosophila Research, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China .,Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences Faculty of Science The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Molecular Biotechnology Program, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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36
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Xu C, Li Q, Efimova O, He L, Tatsumoto S, Stepanova V, Oishi T, Udono T, Yamaguchi K, Shigenobu S, Kakita A, Nawa H, Khaitovich P, Go Y. Human-specific features of spatial gene expression and regulation in eight brain regions. Genome Res 2018; 28:1097-1110. [PMID: 29898898 PMCID: PMC6071643 DOI: 10.1101/gr.231357.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular maps of the human brain alone do not inform us of the features unique to humans. Yet, the identification of these features is important for understanding both the evolution and nature of human cognition. Here, we approached this question by analyzing gene expression and H3K27ac chromatin modification data collected in eight brain regions of humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, a gibbon, and macaques. An analysis of spatial transcriptome trajectories across eight brain regions in four primate species revealed 1851 genes showing human-specific transcriptome differences in one or multiple brain regions, in contrast to 240 chimpanzee-specific differences. More than half of these human-specific differences represented elevated expression of genes enriched in neuronal and astrocytic markers in the human hippocampus, whereas the rest were enriched in microglial markers and displayed human-specific expression in several frontal cortical regions and the cerebellum. An analysis of the predicted regulatory interactions driving these differences revealed the role of transcription factors in species-specific transcriptome changes, and epigenetic modifications were linked to spatial expression differences conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Olga Efimova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Liu He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shoji Tatsumoto
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan
| | - Vita Stepanova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Takao Oishi
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 4848506, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Udono
- Kumamoto Sanctuary, Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Uki, Kumamoto 8693201, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yamaguchi
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- NIBB Core Research Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan.,School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 9518585, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 9518585, Japan
| | - Philipp Khaitovich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 143026, Russia.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.,Comparative Biology Laboratory, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan.,School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 4448585, Japan
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37
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Tas D, Stickley L, Miozzo F, Koch R, Loncle N, Sabado V, Gnägi B, Nagoshi E. Parallel roles of transcription factors dFOXO and FER2 in the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. PLoS Genet 2018. [PMID: 29529025 PMCID: PMC5864087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOXO) proteins are evolutionarily conserved, stress-responsive transcription factors (TFs) that can promote or counteract cell death. Mutations in FOXO genes are implicated in numerous pathologies, including age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the complex regulation and downstream mechanisms of FOXOs present a challenge in understanding their roles in the pathogenesis of PD. Here, we investigate the involvement of FOXO in the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, the key pathological feature of PD, in Drosophila. We show that dFOXO null mutants exhibit a selective loss of DA neurons in the subgroup crucial for locomotion, the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) cluster, during development as well as in adulthood. PAM neuron-targeted adult-restricted knockdown demonstrates that dFOXO in adult PAM neurons tissue-autonomously promotes neuronal survival during aging. We further show that dFOXO and the bHLH-TF 48-related-2 (FER2) act in parallel to protect PAM neurons from different forms of cellular stress. Remarkably, however, dFOXO and FER2 share common downstream processes leading to the regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial morphology. Thus, overexpression of one can rescue the loss of function of the other. These results indicate a role of dFOXO in neuroprotection and highlight the notion that multiple genetic and environmental factors interact to increase the risk of DA neuron degeneration and the development of PD. PD, mainly characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), is the most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting more than 6 million people worldwide. Despite the discovery of several genes linked to familial PD, our understanding of its pathogenesis remains limited, as approximately 90% of the PD cases are sporadic with no apparent genetic linkage. Genome-wide expression studies have implicated the stress-responsive TF FOXO in PD. However, the exact role of FOXO in the survival of DA neurons and PD pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we use fruit flies to address the role of FOXO in the maintenance of DA neurons. dFOXO (Drosophila FOXO) null mutants show a progressive loss of DA neurons in the subgroup essential for locomotion, a phenotype identical to that of Fer2 mutants. Remarkably, dFOXO and FER2 act in parallel pathways to protect PAM neurons from different cellular stressors, but both pathways contribute to the regulation of autophagy and mitochondrial biology. These results demonstrate that dFOXO is required for the maintenance of DA neurons important for locomotion and shed new light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the complex gene-environment interactions affecting DA neuron survival and PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Tas
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Luca Stickley
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Federico Miozzo
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Koch
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Loncle
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Sabado
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Gnägi
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, Bern, CH, Switzerland
| | - Emi Nagoshi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva-4, CH, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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38
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Davies AH, Beltran H, Zoubeidi A. Cellular plasticity and the neuroendocrine phenotype in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2018; 15:271-286. [PMID: 29460922 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2018.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The success of next-generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, in treating prostate cancer has been hampered by the emergence of drug resistance. This acquired drug resistance is driven, in part, by the ability of prostate cancer cells to change their phenotype to adopt AR-independent pathways for growth and survival. Around one-quarter of resistant prostate tumours comprise cells that have undergone cellular reprogramming to become AR-independent and to acquire a continuum of neuroendocrine characteristics. These highly aggressive and lethal tumours, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), exhibit reactivation of developmental programmes that are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and acquisition of stem-like cell properties. In the past few years, our understanding of the link between lineage plasticity and an emergent NEPC phenotype has considerably increased. This new knowledge can contribute to novel therapeutic modalities that are likely to improve the treatment and clinical management of aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair H Davies
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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39
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Zhou L, Verstreken P. Reprogramming neurodegeneration in the big data era. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 48:167-173. [PMID: 29331684 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic risk variants for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, deciphering the functional consequences of GWAS data is challenging due to a lack of reliable model systems to study the genetic variants that are often of low penetrance and non-coding identities. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for molecular phenotyping of GWAS variants in human neurons and microglia. Moreover, rapid technological advances in whole-genome RNA-sequencing and epigenome mapping fuel comprehensive and unbiased investigations of molecular alterations in PSC-derived disease models. Here, we review and discuss how integrated studies that utilize PSC technologies and genome-wide approaches may bring new mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Zhou
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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40
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Cota-Coronado JA, Sandoval-Ávila S, Gaytan-Dávila YP, Diaz NF, Vega-Ruiz B, Padilla-Camberos E, Díaz-Martínez NE. New transgenic models of Parkinson's disease using genome editing technology. Neurologia 2017; 35:486-499. [PMID: 29196142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterised by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which results in dopamine depletion, leading to a number of motor and non-motor symptoms. DEVELOPMENT In recent years, the development of new animal models using nuclease-based genome-editing technology (ZFN, TALEN, and CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases) has enabled the introduction of custom-made modifications into the genome to replicate key features of PD, leading to significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. CONCLUSIONS We review the most recent studies on this new generation of in vitro and in vivo PD models, which replicate the most relevant symptoms of the disease and enable better understanding of the aetiology and mechanisms of PD. This may be helpful in the future development of effective treatments to halt or slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cota-Coronado
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - S Sandoval-Ávila
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - Y P Gaytan-Dávila
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - N F Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - B Vega-Ruiz
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - E Padilla-Camberos
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México
| | - N E Díaz-Martínez
- Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara, México.
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41
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Direct conversion from skin fibroblasts to functional dopaminergic neurons for biomedical application. BIOMEDICAL DERMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41702-017-0004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Clare AJ, Wicky HE, Empson RM, Hughes SM. RNA-Sequencing Analysis Reveals a Regulatory Role for Transcription Factor Fezf2 in the Mature Motor Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:283. [PMID: 28936162 PMCID: PMC5594072 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Forebrain embryonic zinc finger (Fezf2) encodes a transcription factor essential for the specification of layer 5 projection neurons (PNs) in the developing cerebral cortex. As with many developmental transcription factors, Fezf2 continues to be expressed into adulthood, suggesting it remains crucial to the maintenance of neuronal phenotypes. Despite the continued expression, a function has yet to be explored for Fezf2 in the PNs of the developed cortex. Here, we investigated the role of Fezf2 in mature neurons, using lentiviral-mediated delivery of a shRNA to conditionally knockdown the expression of Fezf2 in the mouse primary motor cortex (M1). RNA-sequencing analysis of Fezf2-reduced M1 revealed significant changes to the transcriptome, identifying a regulatory role for Fezf2 in the mature M1. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of Fezf2-regulated genes indicated a role in neuronal signaling and plasticity, with significant enrichment of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules and calcium signaling pathways. Gene Ontology analysis supported a functional role for Fezf2-regulated genes in neuronal transmission and additionally indicated an importance in the regulation of behavior. Using the mammalian phenotype ontology database, we identified a significant overrepresentation of Fezf2-regulated genes associated with specific behavior phenotypes, including associative learning, social interaction, locomotor activation and hyperactivity. These roles were distinct from that of Fezf2-regulated genes identified in development, indicating a dynamic transition in Fezf2 function. Together our findings demonstrate a regulatory role for Fezf2 in the mature brain, with Fezf2-regulated genes having functional roles in sustaining normal neuronal and behavioral phenotypes. These results support the hypothesis that developmental transcription factors are important for maintaining neuron transcriptomes and that disruption of their expression could contribute to the progression of disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Clare
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Genetics Otago, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hollie E Wicky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Genetics Otago, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ruth M Empson
- Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand.,Genetics Otago, University of OtagoDunedin, New Zealand
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Chmielarz P, Konovalova J, Najam SS, Alter H, Piepponen TP, Erfle H, Sonntag KC, Schütz G, Vinnikov IA, Domanskyi A. Dicer and microRNAs protect adult dopamine neurons. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2813. [PMID: 28542144 PMCID: PMC5520729 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression implicated in neuronal development, differentiation, aging and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several miRs have been linked to PD-associated genes, apoptosis and stress response pathways, suggesting that deregulation of miRs may contribute to the development of the neurodegenerative phenotype. Here, we investigate the cell-autonomous role of miR processing RNAse Dicer in the functional maintenance of adult dopamine (DA) neurons. We demonstrate a reduction of Dicer in the ventral midbrain and altered miR expression profiles in laser-microdissected DA neurons of aged mice. Using a mouse line expressing tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase under control of the DA transporter promoter, we show that a tissue-specific conditional ablation of Dicer in DA neurons of adult mice led to decreased levels of striatal DA and its metabolites without a reduction in neuronal body numbers in hemizygous mice (DicerHET) and to progressive loss of DA neurons with severe locomotor deficits in nullizygous mice (DicerCKO). Moreover, we show that pharmacological stimulation of miR biosynthesis promoted survival of cultured DA neurons and reduced their vulnerability to thapsigargin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data demonstrate that Dicer is crucial for maintenance of adult DA neurons, whereas a stimulation of miR production can promote neuronal survival, which may have direct implications for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chmielarz
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Brain Biochemistry, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Konovalova
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Syeda Sadia Najam
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heike Alter
- Molecular Biology of the Cell I Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Holger Erfle
- ViroQuant-CellNetworks RNAi Screening Facility, BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai C Sonntag
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Günther Schütz
- Molecular Biology of the Cell I Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilya A Vinnikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Molecular Biology of the Cell I Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular Biology of the Cell I Division, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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An Intronic cis-Regulatory Element Is Crucial for the Alpha Tubulin Pl-Tuba1a Gene Activation in the Ciliary Band and Animal Pole Neurogenic Domains during Sea Urchin Development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170969. [PMID: 28141828 PMCID: PMC5283682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In sea urchin development, structures derived from neurogenic territory control the swimming and feeding responses of the pluteus as well as the process of metamorphosis. We have previously isolated an alpha tubulin family member of Paracentrotus lividus (Pl-Tuba1a, formerly known as Pl-Talpha2) that is specifically expressed in the ciliary band and animal pole neurogenic domains of the sea urchin embryo. In order to identify cis-regulatory elements controlling its spatio-temporal expression, we conducted gene transfer experiments, transgene deletions and site specific mutagenesis. Thus, a genomic region of about 2.6 Kb of Pl-Tuba1a, containing four Interspecifically Conserved Regions (ICRs), was identified as responsible for proper gene expression. An enhancer role was ascribed to ICR1 and ICR2, while ICR3 exerted a pivotal role in basal expression, restricting Tuba1a expression to the proper territories of the embryo. Additionally, the mutation of the forkhead box consensus sequence binding site in ICR3 prevented Pl-Tuba1a expression.
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Identification of NURR1 (Exon 4) and FOXA1 (Exon 3) Haplotypes Associated with mRNA Expression Levels in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Parkinson's Patients in Small Indian Population. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 2017:6025358. [PMID: 28255498 PMCID: PMC5307137 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6025358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we study the expression of NURR1 and FOXA1 mRNA in peripheral blood lymphocytes and its haplotypes in coding region in a small Chennai population of India. Thirty cases of Parkinson's patients (PD) with anti-PD medications (20 males aged 65.85 ± 1.19 and 10 females aged 65.7 ± 1.202) and 30 age matched healthy people (20 males aged 68.45 ± 1.282 and 10 females aged 65.8 ± 1.133) were included. The expression of NURR1 and FOXA1 in PBL was detected by Q-PCR and haplotypes were identified by PCR-SSCP. In the 30 PD cases examined, NURR1 and FOXA1 expression was significantly reduced in both male and female PD patients. However, NURR1 (57.631% reduced in males; 28.93% in females) and FOXA1 (64.42% in males; 55.76% in females) mRNA expression did differ greatly between male and female PD patients. Polymorphisms were identified at exon 4 of the NURR1 and at exon 3 of the FOXA1, respectively, in both male and female patients. A near significant difference in SSCP patterns between genders of control and PD population was analyzed suggesting that further investigations of more patients, more molecular markers, and coding regions should be performed. Such studies could potentially reveal peripheral molecular marker of early PD and different significance to the respective genders.
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Lee JH, Chung YC, Bok E, Lee H, Huh SH, Lee JE, Jin BK, Ko HW. Injury-stimulated Sonic hedgehog expression in microglia contributes to neuroinflammatory response in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:980-986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Vinnikov IA, Domanskyi A. Can we treat neurodegenerative diseases by preventing an age-related decline in microRNA expression? Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1602-1604. [PMID: 29171418 PMCID: PMC5696834 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.217328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Vinnikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland
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48
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Foxa1 is essential for development and functional integrity of the subthalamic nucleus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38611. [PMID: 27934886 PMCID: PMC5146925 DOI: 10.1038/srep38611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of transcription factor Foxa1 in mice results in neonatal mortality of unknown cause. Here, we report that ablation of Foxa1 causes impaired development and loss of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Functional deficits in the STN have been implicated in the etiology of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. We show that neuronal ablation by Synapsin1-Cre-mediated Foxa1 deletion is sufficient to induce hyperlocomotion in mice. Transcriptome profiling of STN neurons in conditional Foxa1 knockout mice revealed changes in gene expression reminiscent of those in neurodegenerative diseases. We identified Ppargc1a, a transcriptional co-activator that is implicated in neurodegeneration, as a Foxa1 target. These findings were substantiated by the observation of Foxa1-dependent demise of STN neurons in conditional models of Foxa1 mutant mice. Finally, we show that the spontaneous firing activity of Foxa1-deficient STN neurons is profoundly impaired. Our data reveal so far elusive roles of Foxa1 in the development and maintenance of STN function.
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Maiese K. Forkhead transcription factors: new considerations for alzheimer's disease and dementia. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:241-247. [PMID: 27390624 PMCID: PMC4932907 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy of individuals in both developed and undeveloped nations continues to rise at an unprecedented rate. Coupled to this increase in longevity for individuals is the rise in the incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders that includes Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, almost ten percent of the population over the age of 65 suffers from AD, a disorder that is presently without definitive therapy to prevent the onset or progression of cognitive loss. Yet, it is estimated that AD will continue to significantly increase throughout the world to impact millions of individuals and foster the escalation of healthcare costs. One potential target for the development of novel strategies against AD and other cognitive disorders involves the mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxOs). FoxOs are present in "cognitive centers" of the brain to include the hippocampus, the amygdala, and the nucleus accumbens and may be required for memory formation and consolidation. FoxOs play a critical role in determining survival of multiple cell types in the nervous system, drive pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, and control stem cell proliferation and differentiation. FoxOs also interface with multiple cellular pathways that include growth factors, Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1), and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) that ultimately may control FoxOs and determine the fate and function of cells in the nervous system that control memory and cognition. Future work that can further elucidate the complex relationship FoxOs hold over cell fate and cognitive function could yield exciting prospects for the treatment of a number of neurodegenerative disorders including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Pet-1 Switches Transcriptional Targets Postnatally to Regulate Maturation of Serotonin Neuron Excitability. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1758-74. [PMID: 26843655 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3798-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Newborn neurons enter an extended maturation stage, during which they acquire excitability characteristics crucial for development of presynaptic and postsynaptic connectivity. In contrast to earlier specification programs, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that control neuronal maturation. The Pet-1 ETS (E26 transformation-specific) factor is continuously expressed in serotonin (5-HT) neurons and initially acts in postmitotic precursors to control acquisition of 5-HT transmitter identity. Using a combination of RNA sequencing, electrophysiology, and conditional targeting approaches, we determined gene expression patterns in maturing flow-sorted 5-HT neurons and the temporal requirements for Pet-1 in shaping these patterns for functional maturation of mouse 5-HT neurons. We report a profound disruption of postmitotic expression trajectories in Pet-1(-/-) neurons, which prevented postnatal maturation of 5-HT neuron passive and active intrinsic membrane properties, G-protein signaling, and synaptic responses to glutamatergic, lysophosphatidic, and adrenergic agonists. Unexpectedly, conditional targeting revealed a postnatal stage-specific switch in Pet-1 targets from 5-HT synthesis genes to transmitter receptor genes required for afferent modulation of 5-HT neuron excitability. Five-HT1a autoreceptor expression depended transiently on Pet-1, thus revealing an early postnatal sensitive period for control of 5-HT excitability genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed that Pet-1 regulates 5-HT neuron maturation through direct gene activation and repression. Moreover, Pet-1 directly regulates the 5-HT neuron maturation factor Engrailed 1, which suggests Pet-1 orchestrates maturation through secondary postmitotic regulatory factors. The early postnatal switch in Pet-1 targets uncovers a distinct neonatal stage-specific function for Pet-1, during which it promotes maturation of 5-HT neuron excitability. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The regulatory mechanisms that control functional maturation of neurons are poorly understood. We show that in addition to inducing brain serotonin (5-HT) synthesis and reuptake, the Pet-1 ETS (E26 transformation-specific) factor subsequently globally coordinates postmitotic expression trajectories of genes necessary for maturation of 5-HT neuron excitability. Further, Pet-1 switches its transcriptional targets as 5-HT neurons mature from 5-HT synthesis genes to G-protein-coupled receptors, which are necessary for afferent synaptic modulation of 5-HT neuron excitability. Our findings uncover gene-specific switching of downstream targets as a previously unrecognized regulatory strategy through which continuously expressed transcription factors control acquisition of neuronal identity at different stages of development.
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