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Gomes BC, Peixinho N, Pisco R, Gromicho M, Pronto-Laborinho AC, Rueff J, de Carvalho M, Rodrigues AS. Differential Expression of miRNAs in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7104-7117. [PMID: 37531027 PMCID: PMC10657797 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive motor neuron disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control, muscle atrophy and in later stages, death. Diagnosis has an average delay of 1 year after symptoms onset, which impairs early management. The identification of a specific disease biomarker could help decrease the diagnostic delay. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression levels have been proposed as ALS biomarkers, and altered function has been reported in ALS pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the differential expression of plasma miRNAs in ALS patients and two control populations (healthy controls and ALS-mimic disorders). For that, 16 samples from each group were pooled, and then 1008 miRNAs were assessed through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). From these, ten candidate miRNAs were selected and validated in 35 ALS patients, 16 ALS-mimic disorders controls and 15 healthy controls. We also assessed the same miRNAs in two different time points of disease progression. Although we were unable to determine a miRNA signature to use as disease or condition marker, we found that miR-7-2-3p, miR-26a-1-3p, miR-224-5p and miR-206 are good study candidates to understand the pathophysiology of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Costa Gomes
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Peixinho
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Pisco
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Gromicho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pronto-Laborinho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Rueff
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital de Santa Maria CHULN, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Sebastião Rodrigues
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Torres P, Anerillas C, Ramírez-Núñez O, Fernàndez A, Encinas M, Povedano M, Andrés-Benito P, Ferrer I, Ayala V, Pamplona R, Portero-Otín M. The motor neuron disease mouse model hSOD1-G93A shows a non-canonical profile of senescence biomarkers. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:276182. [PMID: 35916061 PMCID: PMC9459393 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate senescence mechanisms, including senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), in the motor-neuron disease model hSOD1-G93A, we quantified the expression of p16 and p21 and the senescence-associated β galactosidase (SA-β-gal) in nervous tissue. As SASP markers, we measured the mRNA levels of Il1a, Il6, Ifna, and Ifnb. Furthermore, we explored if an alteration of alternative splicing is associated with senescence by measuring the Adipor2 cryptic exon inclusion levels, a specific splicing variant repressed by TAR-DNA binding of 43 kDa (Tdp-43). Transgenic mice show an atypical senescence profile with high p16 and p21 mRNA and protein in glia, without the canonical increase in SA-β-gal activity. Consistent with SASP, there is an increase in Il1a and Il6 expression, associated with increased TNFR and M-CSF protein levels, with females being partially protected. TDP-43 splicing activity is compromised in this model. Senolytic drug Navitoclax does not alter the present 'model's disease progression. This lack of effect is reproduced in vitro, in contrast with Dasatinib and quercetin, which diminish p16 and p21. Our findings show a non-canonical profile of senescence biomarkers in the model hSOD1-G93A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascual Torres
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Carlos Anerillas
- Oncogenic Signalling and Development, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Omar Ramírez-Núñez
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Fernàndez
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Oncogenic Signalling and Development, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Mònica Povedano
- Functional Unit of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (UFELA), Service of Neurology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pol Andrés-Benito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isidre Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos III, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Victòria Ayala
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Metabolic Pathophysiology Research Group, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain
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3
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Yu T, Huo L, Lei J, Sun JJ, Wang H. Modulation of Microglia M2 Polarization and Alleviation of Hippocampal Neuron Injury By MiR-106b-5p/RGMa in a Mouse Model of Status Epilepticus. Inflammation 2022; 45:2223-2242. [PMID: 35789312 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The miRNA miR-106b-5p has been linked to epilepsy, but its specific role and mechanism of action remain unclear. This was investigated in the present study using a mouse model of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and an in vitro system of HT22 hippocampal cells treated with Mg2+-free solution and cocultured with BV2 microglia cells. We found that inhibiting miR-106b-5p expression promoted microglia M2 polarization, reduced the inflammatory response, and alleviated neuronal injury. These effects involved modulation of the repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa)-Rac1-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling axis. Our results suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting miR-106b-5p or downstream factors can be effective in preventing epileptogenesis or treating epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Liang Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Jie Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110004, China.
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4
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Bathini M, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022. [PMID: 33301129 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01016-9,33301129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity in the pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth and proliferation. The implications of photobiomodulation have been studied in several neurodegenerative disease models. It has been shown to improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and rescue mitochondrial function. In in vivo models, it has reportedly preserved motor and cognitive skills. Beyond mitochondrial stimulation, the molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration have not been very well studied. This review has systematically been undertaken to study the effects of photobiomodulation at a molecular level and identify the different biochemical pathways and molecular changes in the process. The data showed the involvement of pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, the expression of several genes and proteins playing different roles in the disease mechanisms was found to be influenced by PBM, such as neurotrophic factors and secretases. Studying the literature indicated that PBM can be translated to a potential therapeutic tool, acting through a spectrum of mechanisms that work together to decelerate disease progression in the organism, which is difficult to achieve through pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukha Bathini
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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5
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Liu J, Ai P, Sun Y, Yang X, Li C, Liu Y, Xia X, Zheng JC. Propofol Inhibits Microglial Activation via miR-106b/Pi3k/Akt Axis. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:768364. [PMID: 34776870 PMCID: PMC8581742 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.768364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Propofol is an established intravenous anesthetic agent with potential neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the roles and the underlying mechanisms of propofol in inhibiting the pro-inflammatory responses of microglia. Propofol significantly reduced the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of Tnf, Nos2, and NF-κB pathway related genes Ticam1, Myd88, Irf3, and Nfkb1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated primary microglia. After screening the miRNA profiles in microglia under LPS and propofol treatment conditions, we found propofol abrogated the LPS-induced misexpression of miRNAs including miR-106b, miR-124, miR-185, and miR-9. Perturbation of function approaches suggested miR-106b as the core miRNA that mediated the anti-inflammatory effects of propofol on microglial activation. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis further identified Pi3k/Akt signaling as one of the most affected pathways after miR-106b perturbation of function. The treatment of Pi3k/Akt signaling agonist 740Y-P elevated miR-106b-reduced Akt phosphorylation and abolished the inhibitory effects of miR-106b on the pro-inflammatory responses of microglia. Our results suggest propofol inhibits microglial activation via miR-106b/Pi3k/Akt axis, shedding light on a novel molecular mechanism of propofol-mediated immunomodulatory effects and implying propofol as potential therapeutics for treating neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pu Ai
- Wuxi Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin C Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration and Regenerative Therapy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects eye corneal tissues leading to herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), which is one of the leading causes of blindness. Here in our study, we found that 6-thioguanine (6-TG), a once clinically approved medication for child acute myelogenous leukemia, inhibited multiple strains of HSV-1 infection in vitro and in vivo. 6-TG is more potent than acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), with the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6-TG at 0.104 μM with high stimulation index (SI) (SI = 6,475.48) compared to the IC50 of ACV at 1.253 μM and the IC50 of GCV at 1.257 μM. In addition, 6-TG at 500 μM topically applied to the eyes with HSV-1 infection significantly inhibits HSV-1 replication, alleviates virus-induced HSK pathogenesis, and improves eye conditions. More importantly, 6-TG is effective against ACV-resistant HSV-1 strains, including HSV-1/153 and HSV-1/blue. Knockdown of Rac1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) negatively affected HSV-1 replication, suggesting that Rac1 facilitated HSV-1 replication. Following HSV-1 infection of human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs), endogenous Rac1 activity was upregulated by glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay. We further found that Rac1 was highly expressed in the corneal tissue of HSK patients compared to normal individuals. Mechanistic study showed that 6-TG inhibited HSV-1 replication by targeting Rac1 activity in HSV-1 infected cells, and the Rac1 is critical in the pathogenesis of HSK. Our results indicated that 6-TG is a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of HSK. IMPORTANCE We reported the discovery of 6-TG inhibition of HSV-1 infection and its inhibitory roles in HSK both in vitro and in vivo. 6-TG was shown to possess at least 10× more potent inhibitory activity against HSV-1 than ACV and GCV and, more importantly, inhibit ACV/GCV-resistant mutant viruses. Animal model studies showed that gel-formulated 6-TG topically applied to eyes locally infected with HSV-1 could significantly inhibit HSV-1 replication, alleviate virus-induced HSK pathogenesis, and improve eye conditions. Further study showed that HSV-1 infection upregulated Rac1 expression, and knockdown of Rac1 using siRNA markedly restricted HSV-1 replication, suggesting that Rac1 is required for HSV-1 replication. In addition, we also documented that Rac1 is highly expressed in corneal tissues from HSK patients, indicating that Rac1 is associated with HSK pathogenesis. In view of the high potency of 6-TG, low cytotoxicity, targeting a distinct therapeutic target, we suggest that 6-TG is a potential candidate for development as a therapeutic agent for HSK therapy.
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Salucci S, Bartoletti Stella A, Battistelli M, Burattini S, Bavelloni A, Cocco LI, Gobbi P, Faenza I. How Inflammation Pathways Contribute to Cell Death in Neuro-Muscular Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1109. [PMID: 34439778 PMCID: PMC8391499 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuro-muscular disorders include a variety of diseases induced by genetic mutations resulting in muscle weakness and waste, swallowing and breathing difficulties. However, muscle alterations and nerve depletions involve specific molecular and cellular mechanisms which lead to the loss of motor-nerve or skeletal-muscle function, often due to an excessive cell death. Morphological and molecular studies demonstrated that a high number of these disorders seem characterized by an upregulated apoptosis which significantly contributes to the pathology. Cell death involvement is the consequence of some cellular processes that occur during diseases, including mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, free radical generation, excitotoxicity and inflammation. The latter represents an important mediator of disease progression, which, in the central nervous system, is known as neuroinflammation, characterized by reactive microglia and astroglia, as well the infiltration of peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes. Some of the mechanisms underlying inflammation have been linked to reactive oxygen species accumulation, which trigger mitochondrial genomic and respiratory chain instability, autophagy impairment and finally neuron or muscle cell death. This review discusses the main inflammatory pathways contributing to cell death in neuro-muscular disorders by highlighting the main mechanisms, the knowledge of which appears essential in developing therapeutic strategies to prevent the consequent neuron loss and muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Anna Bartoletti Stella
- Department of Diagnostic Experimental and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Alberto Bavelloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Lucio Ildebrando Cocco
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Pietro Gobbi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; (M.B.); (S.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Irene Faenza
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (L.I.C.); (I.F.)
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8
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Jalloh A, Flowers A, Hudson C, Chaput D, Guergues J, Stevens SM, Bickford PC. Polyphenol Supplementation Reverses Age-Related Changes in Microglial Signaling Cascades. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6373. [PMID: 34198710 PMCID: PMC8232085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activity in the aging neuroimmune system is a central player in aging-related dysfunction. Aging alters microglial function via shifts in protein signaling cascades. These shifts can propagate neurodegenerative pathology. Therapeutics require a multifaceted approach to understand and address the stochastic nature of this process. Polyphenols offer one such means of rectifying age-related decline. Our group used mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to explicate the complex nature of these aging microglial pathways. In our first experiment, we compared primary microglia isolated from young and aged rats and identified 197 significantly differentially expressed proteins between these groups. Then, we performed bioinformatic analysis to explore differences in canonical signaling cascades related to microglial homeostasis and function with age. In a second experiment, we investigated changes to these pathways in aged animals after 30-day dietary supplementation with NT-020, which is a blend of polyphenols. We identified 144 differentially expressed proteins between the NT-020 group and the control diet group via MS analysis. Bioinformatic analysis predicted an NT-020 driven reversal in the upregulation of age-related canonical pathways that control inflammation, cellular metabolism, and proteostasis. Our results highlight salient aspects of microglial aging at the level of protein interactions and demonstrate a potential role of polyphenols as therapeutics for age-associated dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jalloh
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Departments of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Antwoine Flowers
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Departments of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.J.); (A.F.)
| | - Charles Hudson
- Research Service, James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (D.C.); (J.G.); (S.M.S.J.)
| | - Jennifer Guergues
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (D.C.); (J.G.); (S.M.S.J.)
| | - Stanley M. Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (D.C.); (J.G.); (S.M.S.J.)
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Departments of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, and Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, USF Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 78, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (A.J.); (A.F.)
- Research Service, James A Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL 33620, USA;
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9
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Guiler W, Koehler A, Boykin C, Lu Q. Pharmacological Modulators of Small GTPases of Rho Family in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:661612. [PMID: 34054432 PMCID: PMC8149604 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.661612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Rho GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are members of the Ras small GTPase superfamily and play essential roles in a variety of cellular functions. Rho GTPase signaling can be turned on and off by specific GEFs and GAPs, respectively. These features empower Rho GTPases and their upstream and downstream modulators as targets for scientific research and therapeutic intervention. Specifically, significant therapeutic potential exists for targeting Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases due to their widespread cellular activity and alterations in neural tissues. This study will explore the roles of Rho GTPases in neurodegenerative diseases with focus on the applications of pharmacological modulators in recent discoveries. There have been exciting developments of small molecules, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and natural products and toxins for each classical Rho GTPase category. A brief overview of each category followed by examples in their applications will be provided. The literature on their roles in various diseases [e.g., Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Multiple sclerosis (MS)] highlights the unique and broad implications targeting Rho GTPases for potential therapeutic intervention. Clearly, there is increasing knowledge of therapeutic promise from the discovery of pharmacological modulators of Rho GTPases for managing and treating these conditions. The progress is also accompanied by the recognition of complex Rho GTPase modulation where targeting its signaling can improve some aspects of pathogenesis while exacerbating others in the same disease model. Future directions should emphasize the importance of elucidating how different Rho GTPases work in concert and how they produce such widespread yet different cellular responses during neurodegenerative disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qun Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The Harriet and John Wooten Laboratory for Alzheimer’s and Neurogenerative Diseases Research, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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10
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Bathini M, Raghushaker CR, Mahato KK. The Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Photobiomodulation Against Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:955-971. [PMID: 33301129 PMCID: PMC8942959 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases might be slow but relentless, as we continue to fail in treating or delaying their progression. Given the complexity in the pathogenesis of these diseases, a broad-acting approach like photobiomodulation can prove promising. Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses red and infrared light for therapeutic benefits, working by stimulating growth and proliferation. The implications of photobiomodulation have been studied in several neurodegenerative disease models. It has been shown to improve cell survival, decrease apoptosis, alleviate oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and rescue mitochondrial function. In in vivo models, it has reportedly preserved motor and cognitive skills. Beyond mitochondrial stimulation, the molecular mechanisms by which photobiomodulation protects against neurodegeneration have not been very well studied. This review has systematically been undertaken to study the effects of photobiomodulation at a molecular level and identify the different biochemical pathways and molecular changes in the process. The data showed the involvement of pathways like extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and protein kinase B (Akt). In addition, the expression of several genes and proteins playing different roles in the disease mechanisms was found to be influenced by PBM, such as neurotrophic factors and secretases. Studying the literature indicated that PBM can be translated to a potential therapeutic tool, acting through a spectrum of mechanisms that work together to decelerate disease progression in the organism, which is difficult to achieve through pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayukha Bathini
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandavalli Ramappa Raghushaker
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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11
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Rizzo F, Nizzardo M, Vashisht S, Molteni E, Melzi V, Taiana M, Salani S, Santonicola P, Di Schiavi E, Bucchia M, Bordoni A, Faravelli I, Bresolin N, Comi GP, Pozzoli U, Corti S. Key role of SMN/SYNCRIP and RNA-Motif 7 in spinal muscular atrophy: RNA-Seq and motif analysis of human motor neurons. Brain 2019; 142:276-294. [PMID: 30649277 PMCID: PMC6351774 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a motor neuron disorder caused by mutations in SMN1. The reasons for the selective vulnerability of motor neurons linked to SMN (encoded by SMN1) reduction remain unclear. Therefore, we performed deep RNA sequencing on human spinal muscular atrophy motor neurons to detect specific altered gene splicing/expression and to identify the presence of a common sequence motif in these genes. Many deregulated genes, such as the neurexin and synaptotagmin families, are implicated in critical motor neuron functions. Motif-enrichment analyses of differentially expressed/spliced genes, including neurexin2 (NRXN2), revealed a common motif, motif 7, which is a target of SYNCRIP. Interestingly, SYNCRIP interacts only with full-length SMN, binding and modulating several motor neuron transcripts, including SMN itself. SYNCRIP overexpression rescued spinal muscular atrophy motor neurons, due to the subsequent increase in SMN and their downstream target NRXN2 through a positive loop mechanism and ameliorated SMN-loss-related pathological phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse models. SMN/SYNCRIP complex through motif 7 may account for selective motor neuron degeneration and represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rizzo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Nizzardo
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Shikha Vashisht
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Computational Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Erika Molteni
- Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Computational Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Valentina Melzi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Taiana
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Salani
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Bioscience and BioResources, IBBR, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Bucchia
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andreina Bordoni
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Faravelli
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Nereo Bresolin
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Computational Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pietro Comi
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Computational Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | - Uberto Pozzoli
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Dino Ferrari Centre, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Scientific Institute IRCCS E. MEDEA, Computational Biology, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
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12
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Pan C, Si Y, Meng Q, Jing L, Chen L, Zhang Y, Bao H. Suppression of the RAC1/MLK3/p38 Signaling Pathway by β-Elemene Alleviates Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:358. [PMID: 31068775 PMCID: PMC6491839 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still difficult to treat sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) which is a diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis, with excessive activation of microglia as one of the main mechanisms. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is proven to be a key molecule in the inflammatory signaling network. By using microglial cell line BV-2 and a mouse model of cecal ligation puncture (CLP), we herein evaluated the effects of β-elemene, an extract of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc., on RAC1 signaling in microglia. β-Elemene decreased the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6] and attenuated translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 from the cytosol to the nucleus in BV-2 cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. It also inhibited the activation of RAC1, mixed-lineage protein kinase 3 (MLK3) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The phosphorylation of the RAC1 Ser71 site was increased by β-elemene. Moreover, the learning and memory abilities of CLP mice in the water maze test and fear conditioning test were improved after β-elemene treatment. It reduced the expression of the microglial marker IBA1, significantly increased RAC1 Ser71 phosphorylation, and suppressed the RAC1/MLK3/p38 signaling activation and inflammatory response in the hippocampus. In conclusion, β-elemene effectively alleviated SAE in mice and inhibited the RAC1/MLK3/p38 signaling pathway in microglia, and might be an eligible potential candidate for SAE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanna Si
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghai Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongguang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Divakaruni SS, Van Dyke AM, Chandra R, LeGates TA, Contreras M, Dharmasri PA, Higgs HN, Lobo MK, Thompson SM, Blanpied TA. Long-Term Potentiation Requires a Rapid Burst of Dendritic Mitochondrial Fission during Induction. Neuron 2018; 100:860-875.e7. [PMID: 30318410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is bioenergetically demanding, and the diverse processes underlying synaptic plasticity elevate these demands. Therefore, mitochondrial functions, including ATP synthesis and Ca2+ handling, are likely essential for plasticity. Although axonal mitochondria have been extensively analyzed, LTP is predominantly induced postsynaptically, where mitochondria are understudied. Additionally, though mitochondrial fission is essential for their function, signaling pathways that regulate fission in neurons remain poorly understood. We found that NMDAR-dependent LTP induction prompted a rapid burst of dendritic mitochondrial fission and elevations of mitochondrial matrix Ca2+. The fission burst was triggered by cytosolic Ca2+ elevation and required CaMKII, actin, and Drp1, as well as dynamin 2. Preventing fission impaired mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ elevations, structural LTP in cultured neurons, and electrophysiological LTP in hippocampal slices. These data illustrate a novel pathway whereby synaptic activity controls mitochondrial fission and show that dynamic control of fission regulates plasticity induction, perhaps by modulating mitochondrial Ca2+ handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sachin Divakaruni
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Adam M Van Dyke
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tara A LeGates
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Minerva Contreras
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Poorna A Dharmasri
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Henry N Higgs
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Mary Kay Lobo
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Scott M Thompson
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Thomas A Blanpied
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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14
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Yin Y, Chen S, Hakim MS, Wang W, Xu L, Dang W, Qu C, Verhaar AP, Su J, Fuhler GM, Peppelenbosch MP, Pan Q. 6-Thioguanine inhibits rotavirus replication through suppression of Rac1 GDP/GTP cycling. Antiviral Res 2018; 156:92-101. [PMID: 29920300 PMCID: PMC7113846 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotavirus infection has emerged as an important cause of complications in organ transplantation recipients and might play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) has been widely used as an immunosuppressive drug for organ recipients and treatment of IBD in the clinic. This study aims to investigate the effects and mode-of-action of 6-TG on rotavirus replication. Human intestinal Caco2 cell line, 3D model of human primary intestinal organoids, laboratory rotavirus strain (SA11) and patient-derived rotavirus isolates were used. We have demonstrated that 6-TG significantly inhibits rotavirus replication in these intestinal epithelium models. Importantly, gene knockdown or knockout of Rac1, the cellular target of 6-TG, significantly inhibited rotavirus replication, indicating the supportive role of Rac1 for rotavirus infection. We have further demonstrated that 6-TG can effectively inhibit the active form of Rac1 (GTP-Rac1), which essentially mediates the anti-rotavirus effect of 6-TG. Consistently, ectopic over-expression of GTP-Rac1 facilitates but an inactive Rac1 (N17) or a specific Rac1 inhibitor (NSC23766) inhibits rotavirus replication. In conclusion, we have identified 6-TG as an effective inhibitor of rotavirus replication via the inhibition of Rac1 activation. Thus, for transplantation patients or IBD patients infected with rotavirus or at risk of rotavirus infection, the choice of 6-TG as a treatment appears rational. 6-TG inhibits rotavirus infection. Rac1, the cellular target of 6-TG, supports rotavirus infection. 6-TG inhibits the active form of Rac1 (GTP-Rac1) to exert the anti-rotavirus effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebang Yin
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Sunrui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamad S Hakim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wenshi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wen Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Changbo Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Auke P Verhaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Junhong Su
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Center for Biomedical Research, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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ATG5 overexpression is neuroprotective and attenuates cytoskeletal and vesicle-trafficking alterations in axotomized motoneurons. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:626. [PMID: 29799519 PMCID: PMC5967323 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Injured neurons should engage endogenous mechanisms of self-protection to limit neurodegeneration. Enhancing efficacy of these mechanisms or correcting dysfunctional pathways may be a successful strategy for inducing neuroprotection. Spinal motoneurons retrogradely degenerate after proximal axotomy due to mechanical detachment (avulsion) of the nerve roots, and this limits recovery of nervous system function in patients after this type of trauma. In a previously reported proteomic analysis, we demonstrated that autophagy is a key endogenous mechanism that may allow motoneuron survival and regeneration after distal axotomy and suture of the nerve. Herein, we show that autophagy flux is dysfunctional or blocked in degenerated motoneurons after root avulsion. We also found that there were abnormalities in anterograde/retrograde motor proteins, key secretory pathway factors, and lysosome function. Further, LAMP1 protein was missorted and underglycosylated as well as the proton pump v-ATPase. In vitro modeling revealed how sequential disruptions in these systems likely lead to neurodegeneration. In vivo, we observed that cytoskeletal alterations, induced by a single injection of nocodazole, were sufficient to promote neurodegeneration of avulsed motoneurons. Besides, only pre-treatment with rapamycin, but not post-treatment, neuroprotected after nerve root avulsion. In agreement, overexpressing ATG5 in injured motoneurons led to neuroprotection and attenuation of cytoskeletal and trafficking-related abnormalities. These discoveries serve as proof of concept for autophagy-target therapy to halting the progression of neurodegenerative processes.
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16
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Carlier MF, Shekhar S. Global treadmilling coordinates actin turnover and controls the size of actin networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017. [PMID: 28248322 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.(2016)172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Various cellular processes (including cell motility) are driven by the regulated, polarized assembly of actin filaments into distinct force-producing arrays of defined size and architecture. Branched, linear, contractile and cytosolic arrays coexist in vivo, and cells intricately control the number, length and assembly rate of filaments in these arrays. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed novel molecular mechanisms that regulate the number of filament barbed and pointed ends and their respective assembly and disassembly rates, thus defining classes of dynamically different filaments, which coexist in the same cell. We propose that a global treadmilling process, in which a steady-state amount of polymerizable actin monomers is established by the dynamics of each network, is responsible for defining the size and turnover of coexisting actin networks. Furthermore, signal-induced changes in the partitioning of actin to distinct arrays (mediated by RHO GTPases) result in the establishment of various steady-state concentrations of polymerizable monomers, thereby globally influencing the growth rate of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Carlier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris 91190, France
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris 91190, France
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17
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Differential effects of phytotherapic preparations in the hSOD1 Drosophila melanogaster model of ALS. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41059. [PMID: 28102336 PMCID: PMC5244478 DOI: 10.1038/srep41059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at characterizing the effects of Withania somnifera (Wse) and Mucuna pruriens (Mpe) on a Drosophila melanogaster model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In particular, the effects of Wse and Mpe were assessed following feeding the flies selectively overexpressing the wild human copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1-gain-of-function) in Drosophila motoneurons. Although ALS-hSOD1 mutants showed no impairment in life span, with respect to GAL4 controls, the results revealed impairment of climbing behaviour, muscle electrophysiological parameters (latency and amplitude of ePSPs) as well as thoracic ganglia mitochondrial functions. Interestingly, Wse treatment significantly increased lifespan of hSDO1 while Mpe had not effect. Conversely, both Wse and Mpe significantly rescued climbing impairment, and also latency and amplitude of ePSPs as well as failure responses to high frequency DLM stimulation. Finally, mitochondrial alterations were any more present in Wse- but not in Mpe-treated hSOD1 mutants. Hence, given the role of inflammation in the development of ALS, the high translational impact of the model, the known anti-inflammatory properties of these extracts, and the viability of their clinical use, these results suggest that the application of Wse and Mpe might represent a valuable pharmacological strategy to counteract the progression of ALS and related symptoms.
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18
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Safari-Alighiarloo N, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Taghizadeh M, Tabatabaei SM, Namaki S. Network-based analysis of differentially expressed genes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood reveals new candidate genes for multiple sclerosis. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2775. [PMID: 28028462 PMCID: PMC5183126 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of multiple genes and missing heritability, which are dominant in complex diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), entail using network biology to better elucidate their molecular basis and genetic factors. We therefore aimed to integrate interactome (protein-protein interaction (PPI)) and transcriptomes data to construct and analyze PPI networks for MS disease. METHODS Gene expression profiles in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples from MS patients, sampled in relapse or remission and controls, were analyzed. Differentially expressed genes which determined only in CSF (MS vs. control) and PBMCs (relapse vs. remission) separately integrated with PPI data to construct the Query-Query PPI (QQPPI) networks. The networks were further analyzed to investigate more central genes, functional modules and complexes involved in MS progression. RESULTS The networks were analyzed and high centrality genes were identified. Exploration of functional modules and complexes showed that the majority of high centrality genes incorporated in biological pathways driving MS pathogenesis. Proteasome and spliceosome were also noticeable in enriched pathways in PBMCs (relapse vs. remission) which were identified by both modularity and clique analyses. Finally, STK4, RB1, CDKN1A, CDK1, RAC1, EZH2, SDCBP genes in CSF (MS vs. control) and CDC37, MAP3K3, MYC genes in PBMCs (relapse vs. remission) were identified as potential candidate genes for MS, which were the more central genes involved in biological pathways. DISCUSSION This study showed that network-based analysis could explicate the complex interplay between biological processes underlying MS. Furthermore, an experimental validation of candidate genes can lead to identification of potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeed Namaki
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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19
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Thorne T. NetDiff - Bayesian model selection for differential gene regulatory network inference. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39224. [PMID: 27982083 PMCID: PMC5159802 DOI: 10.1038/srep39224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential networks allow us to better understand the changes in cellular processes that are exhibited in conditions of interest, identifying variations in gene regulation or protein interaction between, for example, cases and controls, or in response to external stimuli. Here we present a novel methodology for the inference of differential gene regulatory networks from gene expression microarray data. Specifically we apply a Bayesian model selection approach to compare models of conserved and varying network structure, and use Gaussian graphical models to represent the network structures. We apply a variational inference approach to the learning of Gaussian graphical models of gene regulatory networks, that enables us to perform Bayesian model selection that is significantly more computationally efficient than Markov Chain Monte Carlo approaches. Our method is demonstrated to be more robust than independent analysis of data from multiple conditions when applied to synthetic network data, generating fewer false positive predictions of differential edges. We demonstrate the utility of our approach on real world gene expression microarray data by applying it to existing data from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases with and without mutations in C9orf72, and controls, where we are able to identify differential network interactions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thorne
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK
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20
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Guo C, Goodwin A, Buie JNJ, Cook J, Halushka P, Argraves K, Zingarelli B, Zhang X, Wang L, Fan H. A Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α Analogue Improves Endothelial Cell Function in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Mol Med 2016; 22:115-123. [PMID: 27031787 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a critical mediator of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent studies have demonstrated that stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) promotes EC barrier integrity. Our previous studies used a SDF-1α analogue CTCE-0214 (CTCE) in experimental sepsis and demonstrated that it attenuated vascular leak and modulated microRNA (miR) levels. We examined the hypothesis that CTCE improves EC function in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS through increasing miR-126 expression. Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) were treated with thrombin to disrupt the EC integrity followed by incubation with CTCE or SDF-1α. Barrier function was determined by trans-endothelial electrical resistance assay. CTCE-induced alterations in miRNA expression and signaling pathways involved in barrier function were determined. Thrombin-induced vascular leak was abrogated by both CTCE and SDF-1α. CTCE also prevented thrombin-induced decreases of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin cell surface expression and expansion of the intercellular space. CTCE increased miR-126 levels and induced activation of AKT/Rac 1 signaling. Cotreatment with a miR-126 inhibitor blocked the protective effects of CTCE on AKT activation and endothelial permeability. In subsequent in vivo studies, ARDS was induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS. Intravenous injection of CTCE diminished the injury severity as evidenced by significant reductions in protein, immune cells, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, increased miR-126 expression and decreased pulmonary vascular leak and alveolar edema. Taken together, our data show that CTCE improves endothelial barrier integrity through increased expression of miR-126 and activation of Rac 1 signaling and represents an important potential therapeutic strategy in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrun Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.,College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Andrew Goodwin
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joy N Jones Buie
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - James Cook
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Perry Halushka
- Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.,Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelley Argraves
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xian Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Liping Wang
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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21
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MicroRNA-125b regulates microglia activation and motor neuron death in ALS. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:531-41. [PMID: 26794445 PMCID: PMC5072447 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the means by which microglia self-regulate the neuroinflammatory response helps modulating their reaction during neurodegeneration. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), classical NF-κB pathway is related to persistent microglia activation and motor neuron injury; however, mechanisms of negative control of NF-κB activity remain unexplored. One of the major players in the termination of classical NF-κB pathway is the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20, which has recognized anti-inflammatory functions. Lately, microRNAs are emerging as potent fine-tuners of neuroinflammation and reported to be regulated in ALS, for instance, by purinergic P2X7 receptor activation. In this work, we uncover an interplay between miR-125b and A20 protein in the modulation of classical NF-κB signaling in microglia. In particular, we establish the existence of a pathological circuit in which termination of A20 function by miR-125b strengthens and prolongs the noxious P2X7 receptor-dependent activation of NF-κB in microglia, with deleterious consequences on motor neurons. We prove that, by restoring A20 levels, miR-125b inhibition then sustains motor neuron survival. These results introduce miR-125b as a key mediator of microglia dynamics in ALS.
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Liu C, Du Q, Zhang X, Tang Z, Ji H, Li Y. Clematichinenoside Serves as a Neuroprotective Agent Against Ischemic Stroke: The Synergistic Action of ERK1/2 and cPKC Pathways. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 9:517. [PMID: 26793066 PMCID: PMC4709476 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous evidences suggesting that inhibition of apoptosis of neurons play a critical role in preventing the damage and even death of neurons after brain ischemia/reperfusion, which shows therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of brain injury induced by stroke. In this study, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Clematichinenoside (AR) and its underlying mechanisms. MCAO mode was performed in rats and OGD/R model in primary cortical neurons to investigate the neuroprotective effect of AR. The rate of apoptotic cells was measured using TUNEL assay in cerebral cortex and flow cytometric assay in cortical neurons. Apoptosis-related proteins such as bcl-2, bcl-xl, and bax and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, cPKC, p90RSK, and CREB in ischemic penumbra were assayed by western blot. Furthermore, we made a thorough inquiry about how these proteins play roles in the anti-apoptotic mechanism using targets-associated inhibitors step by step. The results revealed that AR could activate both ERK1/2 and cPKC which resulted in p90RSK phosphorylation and translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, CREB, a downstream target of p90RSK, was phosphorylated and then bound to cAMP-regulated enhancer (CRE) to activate apoptosis-related genes, and finally ameliorate ischemic stroke through preventing neuron death. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that AR could be used as an effective neuroprotective agent to protect against ischemic stroke after cerebral I/R injury through regulating both ERK1/2 and cPKC mediated p90RSK/CREB apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Qianming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM Chengdu, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
| | - Yunman Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing, China
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Emerging Roles of Filopodia and Dendritic Spines in Motoneuron Plasticity during Development and Disease. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:3423267. [PMID: 26843990 PMCID: PMC4710938 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3423267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motoneurons develop extensive dendritic trees for receiving excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to perform a variety of complex motor tasks. At birth, the somatodendritic domains of mouse hypoglossal and lumbar motoneurons have dense filopodia and spines. Consistent with Vaughn's synaptotropic hypothesis, we propose a developmental unified-hybrid model implicating filopodia in motoneuron spinogenesis/synaptogenesis and dendritic growth and branching critical for circuit formation and synaptic plasticity at embryonic/prenatal/neonatal period. Filopodia density decreases and spine density initially increases until postnatal day 15 (P15) and then decreases by P30. Spine distribution shifts towards the distal dendrites, and spines become shorter (stubby), coinciding with decreases in frequency and increases in amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic currents with maturation. In transgenic mice, either overexpressing the mutated human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (hSOD1G93A) gene or deficient in GABAergic/glycinergic synaptic transmission (gephyrin, GAD-67, or VGAT gene knockout), hypoglossal motoneurons develop excitatory glutamatergic synaptic hyperactivity. Functional synaptic hyperactivity is associated with increased dendritic growth, branching, and increased spine and filopodia density, involving actin-based cytoskeletal and structural remodelling. Energy-dependent ionic pumps that maintain intracellular sodium/calcium homeostasis are chronically challenged by activity and selectively overwhelmed by hyperactivity which eventually causes sustained membrane depolarization leading to excitotoxicity, activating microglia to phagocytose degenerating neurons under neuropathological conditions.
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