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Hokanson KC, Hernández C, Deitzler GE, Gaston JE, David MM. Sex shapes gut-microbiota-brain communication and disease. Trends Microbiol 2024; 32:151-161. [PMID: 37813734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Research into the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has entered a golden age, raising the hope that therapeutics acting on it may offer breakthroughs in the treatment of many illnesses. However, most of this work overlooks a fundamental, yet understudied, biological variable: sex. Sex differences exist at every level of the MGBA. Sex steroids shape the structure of the gut microbiota, and these microbes in turn regulate levels of bioactive sex steroids. These hormones and microbes act on gut sensory enteroendocrine cells, which modulate downstream activity in the enteric nervous system, vagus nerve, and brain. We examine recent advances in this field, and discuss the scientific and moral imperative to include females in biomedical research, using autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton C Hokanson
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
| | | | - Grace E Deitzler
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jenna E Gaston
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Maude M David
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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2
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Scavuzzo MA, Letai KC, Maeno-Hikichi Y, Wulftange WJ, Shah IK, Rameshbabu JS, Tomar A, Shick HE, Shah AK, Xiong Y, Cohn EF, Allan KC, Tesar PJ. Enteric glial hub cells coordinate intestinal motility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.07.544052. [PMID: 37333182 PMCID: PMC10274798 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.07.544052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glia are the predominant cell type in the enteric nervous system yet their identities and roles in gastrointestinal function are not well classified. Using our optimized single nucleus RNA-sequencing method, we identified distinct molecular classes of enteric glia and defined their morphological and spatial diversity. Our findings revealed a functionally specialized biosensor subtype of enteric glia that we call "hub cells." Deletion of the mechanosensory ion channel PIEZO2 from adult enteric glial hub cells, but not other subtypes of enteric glia, led to defects in intestinal motility and gastric emptying in mice. These results provide insight into the multifaceted functions of different enteric glial cell subtypes in gut health and emphasize that therapies targeting enteric glia could advance the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A. Scavuzzo
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Katherine C. Letai
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yuka Maeno-Hikichi
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - William J. Wulftange
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Isha K. Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeyashri S. Rameshbabu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Alka Tomar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - H. Elizabeth Shick
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Aakash K. Shah
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erin F. Cohn
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kevin C. Allan
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Paul J. Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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3
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Zlomuzica A, Plank L, Dere E. A new path to mental disorders: Through gap junction channels and hemichannels. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104877. [PMID: 36116574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral disturbances related to emotional regulation, reward processing, cognition, sleep-wake regulation and activity/movement represent core symptoms of most common mental disorders. Increasing empirical and theoretical evidence suggests that normal functioning of these behavioral domains relies on fine graded coordination of neural and glial networks which are maintained and modulated by intercellular gap junction channels and unapposed pannexin or connexin hemichannels. Dysfunctions in these networks might contribute to the development and maintenance of psychopathological and neurobiological features associated with mental disorders. Here we review and discuss the evidence indicating a prominent role of gap junction channel and hemichannel dysfunction in core symptoms of mental disorders. We further discuss how the increasing knowledge on intercellular gap junction channels and unapposed pannexin or connexin hemichannels in the brain might lead to deeper mechanistic insight in common mental disorders and to the development of novel treatment approaches. We further attempt to exemplify what type of future research on this topic could be integrated into multidimensional approaches to understand and cure mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Zlomuzica
- Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Massenbergstraße 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Laurin Plank
- Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Massenbergstraße 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ekrem Dere
- Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum (RUB), Massenbergstraße 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany; Sorbonne Université. Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, (IBPS), Département UMR 8256: Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement, UFR des Sciences de la Vie, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment B, 9 quai Saint Bernard, F-75005 Paris, France.
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4
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Kirichenko EY, Skatchkov SN, Ermakov AM. Structure and Functions of Gap Junctions and Their Constituent Connexins in the Mammalian CNS. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 15:107-119. [PMID: 34512926 PMCID: PMC8432592 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747821020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous data obtained in the last 20 years indicate that all parts of the mature central nervous system, from the retina and olfactory bulb to the spinal cord and brain, contain cells connected by gap junctions (GJs). The morphological basis of the GJs is a group of joined membrane hemichannels called connexons, the subunit of each connexon is the protein connexin. In the central nervous system, connexins show specificity and certain types of them are expressed either in neurons or in glial cells. Connexins and GJs of neurons, combining certain types of inhibitory hippocampal and neocortical neuronal ensembles, provide synchronization of local impulse and rhythmic activity, thalamocortical conduction, control of excitatory connections, which reflects their important role in the processes of perception, concentration of attention and consolidation of memory, both on the cellular and at the system level. Connexins of glial cells are ubiquitously expressed in the brain, and the GJs formed by them provide molecular signaling and metabolic cooperation and play a certain role in the processes of neuronal migration during brain development, myelination, tissue homeostasis, and apoptosis. At the same time, mutations in the genes of glial connexins, as well as a deficiency of these proteins, are associated with such diseases as congenital neuropathies, hearing loss, skin diseases, and brain tumors. This review summarizes the existing data of numerous molecular, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and morphological studies aimed at progress in the study of the physiological and pathophysiological significance of glial and neuronal connexins and GJs for the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Kirichenko
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090 Russia
| | - S N Skatchkov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 60327, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032 USA.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 60327, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamón, PR, 00960-6032 USA
| | - A M Ermakov
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, 344003 Russia
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5
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Oh D, Cheon KA. Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Overview. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2020; 31:131-145. [PMID: 32665757 PMCID: PMC7350540 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.190039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota-gut-brain axis, which refers to the bidirectional communication pathway between gut bacteria and the central nervous system, has a profound effect on important brain processes, from the synthesis of neurotransmitters to the modulation of complex behaviors such as sociability and anxiety. Previous studies have revealed that the gut microbiota is potentially related to not only gastrointestinal disturbances, but also social impairment and repetitive behavior-core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although studies have been conducted to characterize the microbial composition in patients with ASD, the results are heterogeneous. Nevertheless, it is clear that there is a difference in the composition of the gut microbiota between ASD and typically developed individuals, and animal studies have repeatedly suggested that the gut microbiota plays an important role in ASD pathophysiology. This possibility is supported by abnormalities in metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the association between altered immune responses and the gut microbiota observed in ASD patients. Based on these findings, various attempts have been made to use the microbiota in ASD treatment. The results reported to date suggest that microbiota-based therapies may be effective for ASD, but largescale, well-designed studies are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Ah Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Kim M, Chung SK, Yang JC, Park JI, Nam SH, Park TW. Development of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale: A Reliability and Validity Study. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2020; 31:146-153. [PMID: 32665758 PMCID: PMC7350545 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," "the quality of the premonitory urge," and "just right phenomena." Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Chul Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Won Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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7
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Abstract
AbstractThe gut’s own autonomous nervous system, the enteric nervous system (ENS), has fascinated scientists for more than 100 years. It functions, in the true sense of the word, autonomously, by performing complex tasks and controlling vital functions independently of extrinsic inputs. At the same time, the ENS is bombarded with signals from other cells in the gut wall and lumen and has to integrate all of these inputs. We describe the main functions of the ENS under physiological conditions and give a few examples of its role in gut diseases. The ENS has received increasing attention recently as scientists outside the field of Neurogastroenterology realize its important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s, autism and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Annahazi
- Human BiologyTechnical University of MunichLiesel-Beckmann Strasse 4, 85354 Freising-WeihenstephanFreising-WeihenstephanGermany
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8
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Increased Fibronectin Impairs the Function of Excitatory/Inhibitory Synapses in Hirschsprung Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:617-628. [PMID: 31760535 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although approximately 50% of cases have a known genetic defect, the precise pathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is still unclear. We recently reported that expression of fibronectin (FN), which is involved in the migration, colonization, and differentiation of enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), is increased in aganglionic colonic segments obtained from patients. We hypothesized that abnormally high levels of FN might play a role in the etiology of HSCR. Here, to test this hypothesis, we investigated aganglionic, transitional, and ganglionic colon segments from 63 children with HSCR and distal colon from thirty healthy Wistar rats at embryonic day 20, in addition to in vitro studies with PC12 Adh neural crest cells. We measured the protein and mRNA expression levels of FN, together with a panel of excitatory (VGLUT1, GluA1, GluN1, PSD-95, and NL-1) and inhibitory (GAD67, GABA AR-α1, NL-2, and SLC32) synaptic markers. Expression of all these synaptic markers was significantly decreased in aganglionic colon, compared to ganglionic colon, whereas expression of FN was significantly increased. In a neural crest cell line, PC12 Adh, knockdown of FN with small-interfering RNA increased the expression of synaptic markers. Co-culture of colons from embryonic day 20 rats with RGD recombinant protein, which contains the RGD motif of FN, reduced the expression of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic markers. These results are consistent with the idea that the etiology of HSCR involves aberrant overexpression of FN, which may impair synaptic function and enteric nervous system development, leading to motor dysfunction of intestinal muscles.
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9
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Wong J, Chopra J, Chiang LLW, Liu T, Ho J, Wu WKK, Tse G, Wong SH. The Role of Connexins in Gastrointestinal Diseases. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:643-652. [PMID: 30639409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions are hexagonal arrays of protein molecules in the plasma membrane and were first described in Mauthner cell synapses of goldfish. They form pathways for coupling between cells, allowing passive, electrotonic spread of ions and also passage of larger molecules such as amino acids and nucleotides. They are expressed in both excitable and non-excitable tissues. Each gap junction is made of two connexons, which are hexameric proteins of the connexin subunit. In this review, the roles that connexins play in gastrointestinal motility, the mechanisms of altered connexin expression leading to inflammatory bowel disease, gastrointestinal infections, and gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic spectrum disorder are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Wong
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jasmine Chopra
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, PR China
| | - Jeffery Ho
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology; Neurological Institute; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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11
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Li W, Huang L, Zeng J, Lin W, Li K, Sun J, Huang W, Chen J, Wang G, Ke Q, Duan J, Lai X, Chen R, Liu M, Liu Y, Wang T, Yang X, Chen Y, Xia H, Xiang AP. Characterization and transplantation of enteric neural crest cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:499-508. [PMID: 27777423 PMCID: PMC5822467 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is recognized as a second brain because of its complexity and its largely autonomic control of bowel function. Recent progress in studying the interactions between the ENS and the central nervous system (CNS) has implicated alterations of the gut/brain axis as a possible mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), Parkinson's disease (PD) and other human CNS disorders, whereas the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown because of the lack of good model systems. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have the ability to proliferate indefinitely and differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, thus making iPSCs an ideal source of cells for disease modelling and cell therapy. Here, hiPSCs were induced to differentiate into neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) efficiently. When co-cultured with smooth muscle layers of ganglionic gut tissue, the NCSCs differentiated into different subtypes of mature enteric-like neurons expressing nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) or calretinin with typical electrophysiological characteristics of functional neurons. Furthermore, when they were transplanted into aneural or aganglionic chick, mouse or human gut tissues in ovo, in vitro or in vivo, hiPSC-derived NCSCs showed extensive migration and neural differentiation capacity, generating neurons and glial cells that expressed phenotypic markers characteristic of the enteric nervous system. Our results indicate that enteric NCSCs derived from hiPSCs supply a powerful tool for studying the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders and brain/gut dysfunction and represent a potentially ideal cell source for enteric neural transplantation treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Huang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Zeng
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - K Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Sun
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Huang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Ke
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Cell Biology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Duan
- Center for Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Lai
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - R Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Liu
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Liu
- Shenzhen Beike Cell Engineering Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - T Wang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Center for Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Xia
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - A P Xiang
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China. E-mail: or
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12
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Sarrouilhe D, Dejean C, Mesnil M. Connexin43- and Pannexin-Based Channels in Neuroinflammation and Cerebral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:320. [PMID: 29066951 PMCID: PMC5641369 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cx) are largely represented in the central nervous system (CNS) with 11 Cx isoforms forming intercellular channels. Moreover, in the CNS, Cx43 can form hemichannels (HCs) at non-junctional membrane as does the related channel-forming Pannexin1 (Panx1) and Panx2. Opening of Panx1 channels and Cx43 HCs appears to be involved in inflammation and has been documented in various CNS pathologies. Over recent years, evidence has accumulated supporting a link between inflammation and cerebral neuropathies (migraine, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), epilepsy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). Involvement of Panx channels and Cx43 HCs has been also proposed in pathophysiology of neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. Other studies showed that following inflammatory injury of the CNS, Panx1 activators are released and prolonged opening of Panx1 channels triggers neuronal death. In neuropsychiatric diseases, comorbidities are frequently present and can aggravate the symptoms and make therapeutic management more complex. The high comorbidity between some neuropathies can be partially understood by the fact that these diseases share a common etiology involving inflammatory pathways and Panx1 channels or Cx43 HCs. Thus, anti-inflammatory therapy opens perspectives of targets for new treatments and could have real potential in controlling a cerebral neuropathy and some of its comorbidities. The purpose of this mini review is to provide information of our knowledge on the link between Cx43- and Panx-based channels, inflammation and cerebral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sarrouilhe
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Catherine Dejean
- Service Pharmacie, Pavillon Janet, Centre Hospitalier Henri Laborit, Poitiers, France
| | - Marc Mesnil
- STIM Laboratory, ERL 7368-CNRS, Université de Poitiers, Pôle Biologie Santé, Poitiers, France
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13
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Wunsch M, Jabari S, Voussen B, Enders M, Srinivasan S, Cossais F, Wedel T, Boettner M, Schwarz A, Weyer L, Göcer O, Schroeter M, Maeurer M, Woenckhaus M, Pollok K, Radbruch H, Klotz L, Scholz CJ, Nickel J, Friebe A, Addicks K, Ergün S, Lehmann PV, Kuerten S. The enteric nervous system is a potential autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:281-295. [PMID: 28620692 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in young adults that has serious negative socioeconomic effects. In addition to symptoms caused by CNS pathology, the majority of MS patients frequently exhibit gastrointestinal dysfunction, which was previously either explained by the presence of spinal cord lesions or not directly linked to the autoimmune etiology of the disease. Here, we studied the enteric nervous system (ENS) in a B cell- and antibody-dependent mouse model of MS by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy at different stages of the disease. ENS degeneration was evident prior to the development of CNS lesions and the onset of neurological deficits in mice. The pathology was antibody mediated and caused a significant decrease in gastrointestinal motility, which was associated with ENS gliosis and neuronal loss. We identified autoantibodies against four potential target antigens derived from enteric glia and/or neurons by immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. Antibodies against three of the target antigens were also present in the plasma of MS patients as confirmed by ELISA. The analysis of human colon resectates provided evidence of gliosis and ENS degeneration in MS patients compared to non-MS controls. For the first time, this study establishes a pathomechanistic link between the well-established autoimmune attack on the CNS and ENS pathology in MS, which might provide a paradigm shift in our current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease with broad diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Wunsch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Samir Jabari
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Voussen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Enders
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - François Cossais
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thilo Wedel
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Boettner
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Schwarz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Weyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oktay Göcer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Maeurer
- Department of Neurology, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Woenckhaus
- Department of Pathology, Caritas-Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim, Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | - Karolin Pollok
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Core Unit Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Nickel
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Friebe
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Addicks
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Diaz-Beltran L, Esteban FJ, Varma M, Ortuzk A, David M, Wall DP. Cross-disorder comparative analysis of comorbid conditions reveals novel autism candidate genes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:315. [PMID: 28427329 PMCID: PMC5399393 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have highlighted the elevated degree of comorbidity associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These comorbid conditions may add further impairments to individuals with autism and are substantially more prevalent compared to neurotypical populations. These high rates of comorbidity are not surprising taking into account the overlap of symptoms that ASD shares with other pathologies. From a research perspective, this suggests common molecular mechanisms involved in these conditions. Therefore, identifying crucial genes in the overlap between ASD and these comorbid disorders may help unravel the common biological processes involved and, ultimately, shed some light in the understanding of autism etiology. RESULTS In this work, we used a two-fold systems biology approach specially focused on biological processes and gene networks to conduct a comparative analysis of autism with 31 frequently comorbid disorders in order to define a multi-disorder subcomponent of ASD and predict new genes of potential relevance to ASD etiology. We validated our predictions by determining the significance of our candidate genes in high throughput transcriptome expression profiling studies. Using prior knowledge of disease-related biological processes and the interaction networks of the disorders related to autism, we identified a set of 19 genes not previously linked to ASD that were significantly differentially regulated in individuals with autism. In addition, these genes were of potential etiologic relevance to autism, given their enriched roles in neurological processes crucial for optimal brain development and function, learning and memory, cognition and social behavior. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our approach represents a novel perspective of autism from the point of view of related comorbid disorders and proposes a model by which prior knowledge of interaction networks may enlighten and focus the genome-wide search for autism candidate genes to better define the genetic heterogeneity of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Diaz-Beltran
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Francisco J Esteban
- Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Maya Varma
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alp Ortuzk
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maude David
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dennis P Wall
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA.
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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