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Barioni NO, Beduschi RS, da Silva AV, Martins MG, Almeida-Francia CCD, Rodrigues SA, López DE, Gómez-Nieto R, Horta-Júnior JAC. The role of the Ventral Nucleus of the Trapezoid Body in the auditory prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. Hear Res 2024; 450:109070. [PMID: 38972084 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling is essential to mediate the auditory prepulse inhibition (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, that refers to the reduction of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) when a low-intensity, non-startling acoustic stimulus (the prepulse) is presented just before the onset of the acoustic startle stimulus. The cochlear root neurons (CRNs) are the first cells of the ASR circuit to receive cholinergic inputs from non-olivocochlear neurons of the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body (VNTB) and subsequently decrease their neuronal activity in response to auditory prepulses. Yet, the contribution of the VNTB-CRNs pathway to the mediation of PPI has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used the immunotoxin anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-saporin as well as electrolytic lesions of the medial olivocochlear bundle to selectively eliminate cholinergic VNTB neurons, and then assessed the ASR and PPI paradigms. Retrograde track-tracing experiments were conducted to precisely determine the site of lesioning VNTB neurons projecting to the CRNs. Additionally, the effects of VNTB lesions and the integrity of the auditory pathway were evaluated via auditory brain responses tests, ChAT- and FOS-immunohistochemistry. Consequently, we established three experimental groups: 1) intact control rats (non-lesioned), 2) rats with bilateral lesions of the olivocochlear bundle (OCB-lesioned), and 3) rats with bilateral immunolesions affecting both the olivocochlear bundle and the VNTB (OCB/VNTB-lesioned). All experimental groups underwent ASR and PPI tests at several interstimulus intervals before the lesion and 7, 14, and 21 days after it. Our results show that the ASR amplitude remained unaffected both before and after the lesion across all experimental groups, suggesting that the VNTB does not contribute to the ASR. The%PPI increased across the time points of evaluation in the control and OCB-lesioned groups but not in the OCB/VNTB-lesioned group. At the ISI of 50 ms, the OCB-lesioned group exhibited a significant increase in%PPI (p < 0.01), which did not occur in the OCB/VNTB-lesioned group. Therefore, the ablation of cholinergic non-olivocochlear neurons in the OCB/VNTB-lesioned group suggests that these neurons contribute to the mediation of auditory PPI at the 50 ms ISI through their cholinergic projections to CRNs. Our study strongly reinforces the notion that auditory PPI encompasses a complex mechanism of top-down cholinergic modulation, effectively attenuating the ASR across different interstimulus intervals within multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Barioni
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology - Anatomy Division, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R S Beduschi
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology - Anatomy Division, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A V da Silva
- Medicine School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, UFMS-CPTL, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - M G Martins
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology - Anatomy Division, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C C D Almeida-Francia
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology - Anatomy Division, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A Rodrigues
- Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology - Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D E López
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R Gómez-Nieto
- Neuroscience Institute of Castilla y León (INCyL), Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - J A C Horta-Júnior
- Department of Functional and Structural Biology - Anatomy Division, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ji L, Borges BC, Martel DT, Wu C, Liberman MC, Shore SE, Corfas G. From hidden hearing loss to supranormal auditory processing by neurotrophin 3-mediated modulation of inner hair cell synapse density. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002665. [PMID: 38935589 PMCID: PMC11210788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of synapses between spiral ganglion neurons and inner hair cells (IHC synaptopathy) leads to an auditory neuropathy called hidden hearing loss (HHL) characterized by normal auditory thresholds but reduced amplitude of sound-evoked auditory potentials. It has been proposed that synaptopathy and HHL result in poor performance in challenging hearing tasks despite a normal audiogram. However, this has only been tested in animals after exposure to noise or ototoxic drugs, which can cause deficits beyond synaptopathy. Furthermore, the impact of supernumerary synapses on auditory processing has not been evaluated. Here, we studied mice in which IHC synapse counts were increased or decreased by altering neurotrophin 3 (Ntf3) expression in IHC supporting cells. As we previously showed, postnatal Ntf3 knockdown or overexpression reduces or increases, respectively, IHC synapse density and suprathreshold amplitude of sound-evoked auditory potentials without changing cochlear thresholds. We now show that IHC synapse density does not influence the magnitude of the acoustic startle reflex or its prepulse inhibition. In contrast, gap-prepulse inhibition, a behavioral test for auditory temporal processing, is reduced or enhanced according to Ntf3 expression levels. These results indicate that IHC synaptopathy causes temporal processing deficits predicted in HHL. Furthermore, the improvement in temporal acuity achieved by increasing Ntf3 expression and synapse density suggests a therapeutic strategy for improving hearing in noise for individuals with synaptopathy of various etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchao Ji
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Beatriz C. Borges
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - David T. Martel
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Calvin Wu
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - M. Charles Liberman
- Mass Eye and Ear Infirmary and Harvard Medical School. Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susan E. Shore
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Gabriel Corfas
- Kresge Hearing Research Institute and Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Shayanmehr S, Rahbar N, Pourbakht A, Sameni SJ, Mazaher Yazdi M. Gap pre-pulse inhibition of the cortical auditory evoked potentials as a possible objective tinnitus assessment tool. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2023; 17:117-136. [PMID: 38074929 PMCID: PMC10704293 DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v17i4.42300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The objective assessment tests overcome the variability of subjective methods. Cortical recordings with gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex stimulus have been used as objective tinnitus assessments in humans. This study aims to investigate this possible objective tinnitus test and compare gap-induced inhibition in different stimulus parameters and brain regions. Materials & Methods Twenty People (18-50 years old) without hearing loss and tinnitus were included. The sound stimuli consisted of continuous background noise with a loud startle tone preceded by a silent gap (20 and 40 ms duration, 120 and 150 ms distance from the startle). The N1-P2 complex amplitude and topoplot maps were extracted in 27-channel cortical response recording after signal processing. Four brain regions of interest (ROI) of anterior-frontal, centro-frontal, right, and left temporal were investigated. Results The results showed that the maximum inhibition occurred in a 40 ms gap duration and 150 ms distance in all 4 ROIs. In comparing ROIs, the centro-frontal and left temporal regions revealed the most inhibition (p<0.05). The decrease in the amplitude of the N1 and P2 in that region could also be traced in the 100 and 200 ms topoplots. Conclusion Gap-induced inhibition was observed in all gap-embedded stimuli and all ROIs. However, the 40-150 mode and centro-frontal and left temporal regions had maximum inhibition in normal subjects. It provides a promising tool for objectively assessing tinnitus in humans with particular implications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Shayanmehr
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Rahbar
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourbakht
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Jalal Sameni
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Mazaher Yazdi
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Schilling A, Tziridis K, Schulze H, Krauss P. Behavioral assessment of Zwicker tone percepts in gerbils. Neuroscience 2023; 520:39-45. [PMID: 37080446 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The Zwicker tone illusion - an auditory phantom percept after hearing a notched noise stimulus - can serve as an interesting model for acute tinnitus. Recent mechanistic models suggest that the underlying neural mechanisms of both percepts are similar. To date it is not clear if animals do perceive the Zwicker tone, as up to now no behavioral paradigms are available to objectively assess the presence of this phantom percept. Here we introduce, for the first time, a modified version of the gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS) paradigm to test if it is possible to induce a Zwicker tone percept in our rodent model, the Mongolian gerbil. Furthermore, we developed a new aversive conditioning learning paradigm and compare the two approaches. We found a significant increase in the GPIAS effect when presenting a notched noise compared to white noise gap pre-pulse inhibition, which is consistent with the interpretation of a Zwicker tone percept in these animals. In the aversive conditioning learning paradigm, no clear effect could be observed in the discrimination performance of the tested animals. When investigating the first 33% of the correct conditioned responses, an effect of a possible Zwicker tone percept can be seen, i.e. animals show identical behavior as if a pure tone was presented, but the paradigm needs to be further improved. Nevertheless, the results indicate that Mongolian gerbils are able to perceive a Zwicker tone and can serve as a neurophysiological model for human tinnitus generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schilling
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Neuroscience Lab, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
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Rezapour M, Akbari M, Dargahi L, Zibaii MI, Shahbazi A. The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test, Supplementary to Behavioral Tests for Evaluation of the Salicylate-Induced Tinnitus. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:6-15. [PMID: 37206728 PMCID: PMC10188764 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is a symptom of various disorders that affects the quality of life of millions people. Given the significance of the access to an objective and non-invasive method for tinnitus detection, in this study the auditory brainstem response (ABR) electrophysiological test was used to diagnose salicylate-induced tinnitus, in parallel with common behavioral tests. Wistar rats were divided into saline (n = 7), and salicylate (n = 7) groups for behavioral tests, and salicylate group (n = 5) for the ABR test. The rats were evaluated by pre-pulse inhibition (PPI), gap pre-pulse inhibition of the acoustic startle (GPIAS), and ABR tests, at baseline, 14 and 62 h after salicylate (350 mg/kg) or vehicle injection. The mean percentage of GPIAS test was significantly reduced following salicylate administration, which confirms the induction of tinnitus. The ABR test results showed an increase in the hearing threshold at click and 8, 12, and 16 kHz tones. Moreover, a decline was observed in the latency ratio of II-I waves in all tone burst frequencies with the highest variation in 12 and 16 kHz as well as a decrement in the latency ratio of III-I and IV-I only in 12 and 16 kHz. ABR test is able to evaluate the salicylate induced tinnitus pitch and confirm the results of behavioral tinnitus tests. GPIAS reflexive response is dependent on brainstem circuits and the auditory cortex while, ABR test can demonstrate the function of the auditory brainstem in more details, and therefore, a combination of these two tests can offer a more accurate tinnitus evaluation. Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Rezapour
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Grimm J, Schulze H, Tziridis K. Circadian Sensitivity of Noise Trauma-Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus in Mongolian Gerbils. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:830703. [PMID: 35720709 PMCID: PMC9204100 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.830703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Noise-induced hearing loss (HL) has a circadian component: In nocturnal mice, hearing thresholds (HT) have a significantly stronger effect to acoustic trauma when induced during the night compared to rather mild effects on hearing when induced during daytime. Here, we investigate whether such effects are also present in diurnal Mongolian gerbils and determined whether trauma-induced HL correlated with the development of a tinnitus percept in these animals. In particular, we investigated the effects of acoustic trauma (2 kHz, 115 dB SPL, 75 min) on HT and tinnitus development in 34 male gerbils exposed either at 9 AM, 1 PM, 5 PM, or 12 PM. HT was measured by acoustic brainstem response audiometry at defined times 1 day before and 1 week after the trauma. Possible tinnitus percepts were assessed behaviorally by the gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response at defined times 1 day before and 1 week after the trauma. We found daytime-dependent changes due to trauma in mean HT in a frequency-dependent manner comparable to the results in mice, but the results temporally shifted according to respective activity profiles. Additionally, we found linear correlations of these threshold changes with the strength of the tinnitus percept, with the most prominent correlations in the 5 PM trauma group. Taken together, circadian sensitivity of the HT to noise trauma can also be found in gerbils, and tinnitus strength correlates most strongly with HL only when the trauma is applied at the most sensitive times, which seem to be the evening.
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7
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Lesicko AM, Geffen MN. Diverse functions of the auditory cortico-collicular pathway. Hear Res 2022; 425:108488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Guo W, Fan S, Xiao D, Dong H, Xu G, Wan Z, Ma Y, Wang Z, Xue T, Zhou Y, Li Y, Xiong W. A Brainstem reticulotegmental neural ensemble drives acoustic startle reflexes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6403. [PMID: 34737329 PMCID: PMC8568936 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reticulotegmental nucleus (RtTg) has long been recognized as a crucial component of brainstem reticular formation (RF). However, the function of RtTg and its related circuits remain elusive. Here, we report a role of the RtTg in startle reflex, a highly conserved innate defensive behaviour. Optogenetic activation of RtTg neurons evokes robust startle responses in mice. The glutamatergic neurons in the RtTg are significantly activated during acoustic startle reflexes (ASR). Chemogenetic inhibition of the RtTg glutamatergic neurons decreases the ASR amplitudes. Viral tracing reveals an ASR neural circuit that the cochlear nucleus carrying auditory information sends direct excitatory innervations to the RtTg glutamatergic neurons, which in turn project to spinal motor neurons. Together, our findings describe a functional role of RtTg and its related neural circuit in startle reflexes, and demonstrate how the RF connects auditory system with motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Guo
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Sijia Fan
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Dan Xiao
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Hui Dong
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Guangwei Xu
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Zhikun Wan
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Yuqian Ma
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Tian Xue
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Yulong Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, 100871 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG–McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Lanaia V, Tziridis K, Schulze H. Salicylate-Induced Changes in Hearing Thresholds in Mongolian Gerbils Are Correlated With Tinnitus Frequency but Not With Tinnitus Strength. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:698516. [PMID: 34393736 PMCID: PMC8363116 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept without external sound sources. Despite the high prevalence and tinnitus-associated distress of affected patients, the pathophysiology of tinnitus remains largely unknown, making prevention and treatments difficult to develop. In order to elucidate the pathophysiology of tinnitus, animal models are used where tinnitus is induced either permanently by noise trauma or transiently by the application of salicylate. In a model of trauma-induced tinnitus, we have suggested a central origin of tinnitus-related development of neuronal hyperactivity based on stochastic resonance (SR). SR refers to the physiological phenomenon that weak subthreshold signals for given sensors (or synapses) can still be detected and transmitted if appropriate noise is added to the input of the sensor. The main objective of this study was to characterize the neurophysiological and behavioral effects during salicylate-induced tinnitus and compare these to the conditions within the trauma model. Our data show, in line with the pharmacokinetics, that hearing thresholds generally increase 2 h after salicylate injections. This increase was significantly stronger within the region of best hearing compared to other frequencies. Furthermore, animals showed behavioral signs of tinnitus during that time window and frequency range as assessed by gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS). In contrast to animals with noise trauma-induced tinnitus, salicylate-induced tinnitus animals showed no correlation between hearing thresholds and behavioral signs of tinnitus, indicating that the development of tinnitus after salicylate injection is not based on SR as proposed for the trauma model. In other words, salicylate-induced tinnitus and noise trauma-induced tinnitus are not based on the same neurophysiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veralice Lanaia
- Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Acoustically Enriched Environment during the Critical Period of Postnatal Development Positively Modulates Gap Detection and Frequency Discrimination Abilities in Adult Rats. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6611922. [PMID: 33777134 PMCID: PMC7979287 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6611922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, sensory systems adapt to the sensory environment to provide optimal responses to relevant tasks. In the case of a developing system, sensory inputs induce changes that are permanent and detectable up to adulthood. Previously, we have shown that rearing rat pups in a complex acoustic environment (spectrally and temporally modulated sound) from postnatal day 14 (P14) to P28 permanently improves the response characteristics of neurons in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex, influencing tonotopical arrangement, response thresholds and strength, and frequency selectivity, along with stochasticity and the reproducibility of neuronal spiking patterns. In this study, we used a set of behavioral tests based on a recording of the acoustic startle response (ASR) and its prepulse inhibition (PPI), with the aim to extend the evidence of the persistent beneficial effects of the developmental acoustical enrichment. The enriched animals were generally not more sensitive to startling sounds, and also, their PPI of ASR, induced by noise or pure tone pulses, was comparable to the controls. They did, however, exhibit a more pronounced PPI when the prepulse stimulus was represented either by a change in the frequency of a background tone or by a silent gap in background noise. The differences in the PPI of ASR between the enriched and control animals were significant at lower (55 dB SPL), but not at higher (65-75 dB SPL), intensities of background sound. Thus, rearing pups in the acoustically enriched environment led to an improvement of the frequency resolution and gap detection ability under more difficult testing conditions, i.e., with a worsened stimulus clarity. We confirmed, using behavioral tests, that an acoustically enriched environment during the critical period of development influences the frequency and temporal processing in the auditory system, and these changes persist until adulthood.
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Cook JA, Barry KM, Zimdahl JW, Leggett K, Mulders WHAM. Spontaneous firing patterns in the medial geniculate nucleus in a guinea pig model of tinnitus. Hear Res 2021; 403:108190. [PMID: 33556774 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2021.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of acoustic stimulation, remains as yet unknown. It has been proposed that tinnitus is caused by altered spontaneous activity in the auditory pathway following cochlear damage in combination with inadequate gating at the level of the auditory thalamus, the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN). To investigate this further we made electrophysiological recordings in MGN of guinea pigs (n = 9) with and without tinnitus after acoustic trauma (continuous loud tone at 10 kHz, 124 dB SPL for 2 h). Parameters of interest were spontaneous tonic and burst firing. After acoustic trauma, 5 out of 9 guinea pigs developed signs of tinnitus as determined by the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle. Spontaneous firing rates were significantly increased in the tinnitus animals as compared to the non-tinnitus animals and this change was specific to pure-tone responsive MGN neurons. However, burst firing parameters, including number of bursts per minute, burst duration, number of spikes in each burst, and percentage of spikes occurring in a burst, were not different between tinnitus and non-tinnitus animals. In addition, our data showed a strong dependence of spontaneous firing rates with heart rate, which implies that monitoring physiological status in animals is pertinent to obtaining reliable data when recording at higher levels of the auditory pathway. Our results suggest that increases in the tonic spontaneous fining rate of pure-tone responsive MGN neurons but not changes in burst firing parameters, are a robust neural signature of tinnitus in anaesthetised animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cook
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - K M Barry
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - J W Zimdahl
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - K Leggett
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W H A M Mulders
- The Auditory laboratory, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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12
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Rybalko N, Popelář J, Šuta D, Svobodová Burianová J, Alvaro GS, Large CH, Syka J. Effect of Kv3 channel modulators on auditory temporal resolution in aged Fischer 344 rats. Hear Res 2020; 401:108139. [PMID: 33348192 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AUT00063 and AUT00202 are novel pharmaceutical modulators of the Kv3 subfamily of voltage-gated K+ channels. Kv3.1 channels, which control fast firing of many central auditory neurons, have been shown to decline with age and this may contribute to age-related deficits in central auditory processing. In the present study, the effects of the two novel compounds that specifically modulate Kv3 channels on auditory temporal processing were examined in aged (19-25-month-old) and young-adult (3-5 month-old) Fischer 344 rats (F344) using a behavioral gap-prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI) paradigm. The acoustic startle response (ASR) and its inhibition induced by a gap in noise were measured before and after drug administration. Hearing thresholds in tested rats were evaluated by the auditory brainstem response (ABR). Aged F344 rats had significantly higher ABR thresholds, lower amplitudes of ASR, and weaker gap-PPI compared with young-adult rats. No influence of AUT00063 and AUT00202 administration was observed on ABR hearing thresholds in rats of both age groups. AUT00063 and AUT00202 had suppressive effect on ASR of F344 rats that was more pronounced with AUT00063. The degree of suppression depended on the dose and age of the rats. Both compounds significantly improved the gap-PPI performance in gap detection tests in aged rats. These results indicate that AUT00063 and AUT00202 may influence intrinsic firing properties of neurons in the central auditory system of aged animals and have the potential to treat aged-related hearing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybalko
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Popelář
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Šuta
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodová Burianová
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Giuseppe S Alvaro
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Charles H Large
- Autifony Therapeutics Limited, Stevenage Bioscience Catalyst, Stevenage, UK
| | - Josef Syka
- Department of Auditory Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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13
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Moore S, Meschkat M, Ruhwedel T, Trevisiol A, Tzvetanova ID, Battefeld A, Kusch K, Kole MHP, Strenzke N, Möbius W, de Hoz L, Nave KA. A role of oligodendrocytes in information processing. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5497. [PMID: 33127910 PMCID: PMC7599337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelinating oligodendrocytes enable fast propagation of action potentials along the ensheathed axons. In addition, oligodendrocytes play diverse non-canonical roles including axonal metabolic support and activity-dependent myelination. An open question remains whether myelination also contributes to information processing in addition to speeding up conduction velocity. Here, we analyze the role of myelin in auditory information processing using paradigms that are also good predictors of speech understanding in humans. We compare mice with different degrees of dysmyelination using acute multiunit recordings in the auditory cortex, in combination with behavioral readouts. We find complex alterations of neuronal responses that reflect fatigue and temporal acuity deficits. We observe partially discriminable but similar deficits in well myelinated mice in which glial cells cannot fully support axons metabolically. We suggest a model in which myelination contributes to sustained stimulus perception in temporally complex paradigms, with a role of metabolically active oligodendrocytes in cortical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlen Moore
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Neurosciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Göttingen Graduate Center for Neurosciences, Biophysics and Molecular Biosciences, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Trevisiol
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Iva D Tzvetanova
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Section of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Arne Battefeld
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maarten H P Kole
- Department of Axonal Signaling, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Strenzke
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
- Charité Medical University, Neuroscience Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Prepulse Inhibition of the Auditory Startle Reflex Assessment as a Hallmark of Brainstem Sensorimotor Gating Mechanisms. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090639. [PMID: 32947873 PMCID: PMC7563436 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When a low-salience stimulus of any type of sensory modality-auditory, visual, tactile-immediately precedes an unexpected startle-like stimulus, such as the acoustic startle reflex, the startle motor reaction becomes less pronounced or is even abolished. This phenomenon is known as prepulse inhibition (PPI), and it provides a quantitative measure of central processing by filtering out irrelevant stimuli. As PPI implies plasticity of a reflex and is related to automatic or attentional processes, depending on the interstimulus intervals, this behavioral paradigm might be considered a potential marker of short- and long-term plasticity. Assessment of PPI is directly related to the examination of neural sensorimotor gating mechanisms, which are plastic-adaptive operations for preventing overstimulation and helping the brain to focus on a specific stimulus among other distracters. Despite their obvious importance in normal brain activity, little is known about the intimate physiology, circuitry, and neurochemistry of sensorimotor gating mechanisms. In this work, we extensively review the current literature focusing on studies that used state-of-the-art techniques to interrogate the neuroanatomy, connectomics, neurotransmitter-receptor functions, and sex-derived differences in the PPI process, and how we can harness it as biological marker in neurological and psychiatric pathology.
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15
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Deng D, Masri S, Yao L, Ma X, Cao X, Yang S, Bao S, Zhou Q. Increasing endogenous activity of NMDARs on GABAergic neurons increases inhibition, alters sensory processing and prevents noise-induced tinnitus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11969. [PMID: 32686710 PMCID: PMC7371882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective enhancement of GABAergic inhibition is thought to impact many vital brain functions and interferes with the genesis and/or progression of numerous brain disorders. Here, we show that selectively increasing NMDA receptor activity in inhibitory neurons using an NMDAR positive allosteric modulator (PAM) elevates spiking activity of inhibitory neurons in vitro and in vivo. In vivo infusion of PAM increases spontaneous and sound-evoked spiking in inhibitory and decreases spiking in excitatory neurons, and increases signal-to-noise ratio in the primary auditory cortex. In addition, PAM infusion prior to noise trauma prevents the occurrence of tinnitus and reduction in GABAergic inhibition. These results reveal that selectively enhancing endogenous NMDAR activity on the GABAergic neurons can effectively enhance inhibitory activity and alter excitatory-inhibitory balance, and may be useful for preventing diseases that involve reduced inhibition as the major cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Deng
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Samer Masri
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Lulu Yao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuebing Cao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sungchil Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shaowen Bao
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
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16
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Gay JD, Rosen MJ, Huyck JJ. Effects of Gap Position on Perceptual Gap Detection Across Late Childhood and Adolescence. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2020; 21:243-258. [PMID: 32488537 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-020-00756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to detect a silent gap within a sound is critical for accurate speech perception, and gap detection has been shown to have an extended developmental trajectory. In certain conditions, the detectability of the gap decreases as the gap is placed closer to the beginning of the signal. Early in development, the detection of gaps shortly after signal onset may be especially difficult due to immaturities in the encoding and perception of rapidly changing sounds. The present study explored the development of gap detection from age 8 to 19 years, specifically when the temporal placement of the gap varied. Performance improved with age for all temporal placements of the gap, demonstrating a gradual maturation of gap detection abilities throughout adolescence. Younger adolescents did not benefit from increasing gap onset times, while older adolescents' thresholds gradually improved as gap onset time lengthened. Regardless of age, listeners learned between the two testing days but did not improve within days. Younger adolescents had poorer thresholds for the last block of testing on the second day, returning to baseline performance despite learning between days. These data support earlier studies showing that gaps are harder to detect near stimulus onset and confirm that gap detection abilities continue to mature into adolescence. The data also suggest that younger adolescents do not receive the same benefit of increasing gap onset time and respond differently to repeated testing than older adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D Gay
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, 800 East Summit St, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Merri J Rosen
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH, 44272, USA.,Kent State Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, 251M Integrated Sciences Building, 1175 Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Julia Jones Huyck
- Kent State Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, 251M Integrated Sciences Building, 1175 Lefton Esplanade, Kent, OH, 44242, USA. .,Speech Pathology and Audiology Program, Kent State University, 1325 Theatre Drive, Kent, OH, 44242, USA.
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17
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A Mouse Model of Tinnitus Using Gap Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in an Accelerated Hearing Loss Strain. Otol Neurotol 2020; 41:e516-e525. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000002573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Gerum R, Rahlfs H, Streb M, Krauss P, Grimm J, Metzner C, Tziridis K, Günther M, Schulze H, Kellermann W, Schilling A. Open(G)PIAS: An Open-Source Solution for the Construction of a High-Precision Acoustic Startle Response Setup for Tinnitus Screening and Threshold Estimation in Rodents. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:140. [PMID: 31293403 PMCID: PMC6603242 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modulation of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) by a pre-stimulus called pre-pulse inhibition (PPI, for gap of silence pre-stimulus: GPIAS) is a versatile tool to, e.g., estimate hearing thresholds or identify subjective tinnitus percepts in rodents. A proper application of these paradigms depends on a reliable measurement of the ASR amplitudes and an exact stimulus presentation in terms of frequency and intensity. Here, we introduce a novel open-source solution for the construction of a low-cost ASR setup. The complete software for data acquisition and stimulus presentation is written in Python 3.6 and is provided as an Anaconda package. Furthermore, we provide a construction plan for the sensor system based on low-cost hardware components. Exemplary GPIAS data from two animal models (Mus musculus, Meriones unguiculatus) show that the ratio histograms (1-GPIAS) of the gap-pre-stimulus and no pre-stimulus ASR amplitudes can be well described by a log-normal distribution being in good accordance to previous studies with already established setups. Furthermore, it can be shown that the PPI as a function of pre-stimulus intensity (threshold paradigm) can be approximated with a hard-sigmoid function enabling a reproducible sensory threshold estimation. Thus, we show that the open-source solution could help to further establish the ASR method in many laboratories and, thus, facilitate and standardize research in animal models of tinnitus and/or hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Gerum
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hinrich Rahlfs
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Streb
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Patrick Krauss
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Department of English and American Studies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jannik Grimm
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Metzner
- Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, Center for Medical Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Günther
- Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Kellermann
- Multimedia Communications and Signal Processing, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT-Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Cognitive Computational Neuroscience Group at the Chair of English Philology and Linguistics, Department of English and American Studies, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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19
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Kirshenbaum AP, Chabot E, Gibney N. Startle, pre-pulse sensitization, and habituation in zebrafish. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 313:54-59. [PMID: 30586568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The startle response, pre-pulse presentation of startle, and habituation in adult zebrafish (danio rerio) have not been formerly characterized using the same motion detection equipment within an integrated procedure. NEW METHOD The methods presented in this manuscript describe the use of a video tracking software used previously in the detection of conditioned immobility in rodents, but adapted for the purposes of tracking zebrafish movement. RESULTS The results from a series of investigations demonstrate an effective tracking and quantification of the startle response, as well as evidence that stimulus-experience history alters the startle response in adult zebrafish. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS This method of tracking zebrafish allows for the quantification on movement of a single subject, and the delivery of the startle stimulus can be synchronized with the motion-detection software to obtain a high temporal resolution that is not provided by other means of motion-detection tracking. CONCLUSION Objective techniques for evaluating these basic modifications of the startle response (pre-pulse and habituation) may be helpful in future behavioral analysis as this species is rapidly becoming among the most commonly utilized in preclinical pharmacological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari P Kirshenbaum
- Saint Michael's College, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Colchester, VT, 05439, United States.
| | - Emily Chabot
- Saint Michael's College, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Colchester, VT, 05439, United States
| | - Nick Gibney
- Saint Michael's College, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Colchester, VT, 05439, United States
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20
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Wilson CA, Berger JI, de Boer J, Sereda M, Palmer AR, Hall DA, Wallace MN. Gap-induced inhibition of the post-auricular muscle response in humans and guinea pigs. Hear Res 2019; 374:13-23. [PMID: 30685571 PMCID: PMC6408328 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A common method for measuring changes in temporal processing sensitivity in both humans and animals makes use of GaP-induced Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle (GPIAS). It is also the basis of a common method for detecting tinnitus in rodents. However, the link to tinnitus has not been properly established because GPIAS has not yet been used to objectively demonstrate tinnitus in humans. In guinea pigs, the Preyer (ear flick) myogenic reflex is an established method for measuring the acoustic startle for the GPIAS test, while in humans, it is the eye-blink reflex. Yet, humans have a vestigial remnant of the Preyer reflex, which can be detected by measuring skin surface potentials associated with the Post-Auricular Muscle Response (PAMR). A similar electrical potential can be measured in guinea pigs and we aimed to show that the PAMR could be used to demonstrate GPIAS in both species. In guinea pigs, we compare the GPIAS measured using the pinna movement of the Preyer reflex and the electrical potential of the PAMR to demonstrate that the two are at least equivalent. In humans, we establish for the first time that the PAMR provides a reliable way of measuring GPIAS that is a pure acoustic alternative to the multimodal eye-blink reflex. Further exploratory tests showed that while eye gaze position influenced the size of the PAMR response, it did not change the degree of GPIAS. Our findings confirm that the PAMR is a sensitive method for measuring GPIAS and suggest that it may allow direct comparison of temporal processing between humans and animals and may provide a basis for an objective test of tinnitus. Myogenic potentials from the guinea pig pinna show gap induced pre-pulse inhibition. Startle inhibition is also shown by gaps in background noise using the Preyer reflex. Startle potentials recorded behind the human pinna show gap-induced inhibition. Human post-auricular muscle potentials may form an objective test for tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Wilson
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Joel I Berger
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica de Boer
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Magdalena Sereda
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Ropewalk House, 113 The Ropewalk, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alan R Palmer
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Ropewalk House, 113 The Ropewalk, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Derby Road, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semeniyh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Mark N Wallace
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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21
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Langguth B, Elgoyhen AB, Cederroth CR. Therapeutic Approaches to the Treatment of Tinnitus. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 59:291-313. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tinnitus is a highly prevalent condition that is associated with hearing loss in most cases. In the absence of external stimuli, phantom perceptions of sounds emerge from alterations in neuronal activity within central auditory and nonauditory structures. Pioneering studies using lidocaine revealed that tinnitus is susceptible to pharmacological interventions. However, lidocaine is not effective in all patients, and no other drug has been identified with clear efficacy for the long-term treatment of tinnitus. In this review, we present recent advances in tinnitus research, including more detailed knowledge of its pathophysiology and involved neurotransmitter systems. Moreover, we summarize results from animal and clinical treatment studies as well as from studies that identified tinnitus as a side effect of pharmacological treatments. Finally, we focus on challenges in the development of pharmacological compounds for the treatment of tinnitus, namely the limitations of available animal models and of standardized clinical research methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, and Interdisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ana Belen Elgoyhen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular “Dr. Héctor N. Torres,” Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Romano V, De Propris L, Bosman LW, Warnaar P, Ten Brinke MM, Lindeman S, Ju C, Velauthapillai A, Spanke JK, Middendorp Guerra E, Hoogland TM, Negrello M, D'Angelo E, De Zeeuw CI. Potentiation of cerebellar Purkinje cells facilitates whisker reflex adaptation through increased simple spike activity. eLife 2018; 7:38852. [PMID: 30561331 PMCID: PMC6326726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar plasticity underlies motor learning. However, how the cerebellum operates to enable learned changes in motor output is largely unknown. We developed a sensory-driven adaptation protocol for reflexive whisker protraction and recorded Purkinje cell activity from crus 1 and 2 of awake mice. Before training, simple spikes of individual Purkinje cells correlated during reflexive protraction with the whisker position without lead or lag. After training, simple spikes and whisker protractions were both enhanced with the spiking activity now leading behavioral responses. Neuronal and behavioral changes did not occur in two cell-specific mouse models with impaired long-term potentiation at their parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses. Consistent with cerebellar plasticity rules, increased simple spike activity was prominent in cells with low complex spike response probability. Thus, potentiation at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses may contribute to reflex adaptation and enable expression of cerebellar learning through increases in simple spike activity. Rodents use their whiskers to explore the world around them. When the whiskers touch an object, it triggers involuntary movements of the whiskers called whisker reflexes. Experiencing the same sensory stimulus multiple times enables rodents to fine-tune these reflexes, e.g., by making their movements larger or smaller. This type of learning is often referred to as motor learning. A part of the brain called cerebellum controls motor learning. It contains some of the largest neurons in the nervous system, the Purkinje cells. Each Purkinje cell receives input from thousands of extensions of small neurons, known as parallel fibers. It is thought that decreasing the strength of the connections between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells can help mammals learn new movements. This is the case in a type of learning called Pavlovian conditioning. It takes its name from the Russian scientist, Pavlov, who showed that dogs can learn to salivate in response to a bell signaling food. Pavlovian conditioning enables animals to optimize their responses to sensory stimuli. But Romano et al. now show that increasing the strength of connections between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells can also support learning. To trigger reflexive whisker movements, a machine blew puffs of air onto the whiskers of awake mice. After repeated exposure to the air puffs, the mice increased the size of their whisker reflexes. At the same time, their Purkinje cells became more active and the connections between Purkinje cells and parallel fibers grew stronger. Artificially increasing Purkinje cell activity triggered the same changes in whisker reflexes as the air puffs themselves. Textbooks still report that only weakening of connections within the cerebellum enables animals to learn and modify movements. The data obtained by Romano al. thus paint a new picture of how the cerebellum works in the context of whisker learning. They show that strengthening these connections can also support movement-related learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Licia De Propris
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Warnaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Lindeman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiheng Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jochen K Spanke
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tycho M Hoogland
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, Instituto Fondazione C Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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