1
|
Loyola S, Hoogland TM, Hoedemaker H, Romano V, Negrello M, De Zeeuw CI. How inhibitory and excitatory inputs gate output of the inferior olive. eLife 2023; 12:e83239. [PMID: 37526175 PMCID: PMC10393294 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The inferior olive provides the climbing fibers to Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, where they elicit all-or-none complex spikes and control major forms of plasticity. Given their important role in both short-term and long-term coordination of cerebellum-dependent behaviors, it is paramount to understand the factors that determine the output of olivary neurons. Here, we use mouse models to investigate how the inhibitory and excitatory inputs to the olivary neurons interact with each other, generating spiking patterns of olivary neurons that align with their intrinsic oscillations. Using dual color optogenetic stimulation and whole-cell recordings, we demonstrate how intervals between the inhibitory input from the cerebellar nuclei and excitatory input from the mesodiencephalic junction affect phase and gain of the olivary output at both the sub- and suprathreshold level. When the excitatory input is activated shortly (~50 ms) after the inhibitory input, the phase of the intrinsic oscillations becomes remarkably unstable and the excitatory input can hardly generate any olivary spike. Instead, when the excitatory input is activated one cycle (~150 ms) after the inhibitory input, the excitatory input can optimally drive olivary spiking, riding on top of the first cycle of the subthreshold oscillations that have been powerfully reset by the preceding inhibitory input. Simulations of a large-scale network model of the inferior olive highlight to what extent the synaptic interactions penetrate in the neuropil, generating quasi-oscillatory spiking patterns in large parts of the olivary subnuclei, the size of which also depends on the relative timing of the inhibitory and excitatory inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Loyola
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts & Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tycho M Hoogland
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts & Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Hoedemaker
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts & Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts & Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Panagiotou S, Sidiropoulos H, Soudris D, Negrello M, Strydis C. EDEN: A High-Performance, General-Purpose, NeuroML-Based Neural Simulator. Front Neuroinform 2022; 16:724336. [PMID: 35669596 PMCID: PMC9167055 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2022.724336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroscience employs in silico experimentation on ever-increasing and more detailed neural networks. The high modeling detail goes hand in hand with the need for high model reproducibility, reusability and transparency. Besides, the size of the models and the long timescales under study mandate the use of a simulation system with high computational performance, so as to provide an acceptable time to result. In this work, we present EDEN (Extensible Dynamics Engine for Networks), a new general-purpose, NeuroML-based neural simulator that achieves both high model flexibility and high computational performance, through an innovative model-analysis and code-generation technique. The simulator runs NeuroML-v2 models directly, eliminating the need for users to learn yet another simulator-specific, model-specification language. EDEN's functional correctness and computational performance were assessed through NeuroML models available on the NeuroML-DB and Open Source Brain model repositories. In qualitative experiments, the results produced by EDEN were verified against the established NEURON simulator, for a wide range of models. At the same time, computational-performance benchmarks reveal that EDEN runs from one to nearly two orders-of-magnitude faster than NEURON on a typical desktop computer, and does so without additional effort from the user. Finally, and without added user effort, EDEN has been built from scratch to scale seamlessly over multiple CPUs and across computer clusters, when available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Panagiotou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Sotirios Panagiotou
| | - Harry Sidiropoulos
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dimitrios Soudris
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Mario Negrello
| | - Christos Strydis
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Quantum and Computer Engineering Department, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
- Christos Strydis
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Romano V, Reddington AL, Cazzanelli S, Mazza R, Ma Y, Strydis C, Negrello M, Bosman LWJ, De Zeeuw CI. Functional Convergence of Autonomic and Sensorimotor Processing in the Lateral Cerebellum. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107867. [PMID: 32640232 PMCID: PMC7351113 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in the control of voluntary and autonomic rhythmic behaviors, yet it is unclear to what extent it coordinates these in concert. We studied Purkinje cell activity during unperturbed and perturbed respiration in lobules simplex, crus 1, and crus 2. During unperturbed (eupneic) respiration, complex spike and simple spike activity encode the phase of ongoing sensorimotor processing. In contrast, when the respiratory cycle is perturbed by whisker stimulation, mice concomitantly protract their whiskers and advance their inspiration in a phase-dependent manner, preceded by increased simple spike activity. This phase advancement of respiration in response to whisker stimulation can be mimicked by optogenetic stimulation of Purkinje cells and prevented by cell-specific genetic modification of their AMPA receptors, hampering increased simple spike firing. Thus, the impact of Purkinje cell activity on respiratory control is context and phase dependent, highlighting a coordinating role for the cerebellar hemispheres in aligning autonomic and sensorimotor behaviors. During unperturbed respiration, Purkinje cells signal ongoing sensorimotor processing After perturbation, mice advance their simple spike activity, whisking, and inspiration Altering simple spike activity affects the impact of whisker stimulation on respiration Cerebellar coordination of autonomic and sensorimotor behaviors is context dependent
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia Cazzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Strydis
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Laurens W J Bosman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
de Groot A, van den Boom BJ, van Genderen RM, Coppens J, van Veldhuijzen J, Bos J, Hoedemaker H, Negrello M, Willuhn I, De Zeeuw CI, Hoogland TM. NINscope, a versatile miniscope for multi-region circuit investigations. eLife 2020; 9:49987. [PMID: 31934857 PMCID: PMC6989121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniaturized fluorescence microscopes (miniscopes) have been instrumental to monitor neural signals during unrestrained behavior and their open-source versions have made them affordable. Often, the footprint and weight of open-source miniscopes is sacrificed for added functionality. Here, we present NINscope: a light-weight miniscope with a small footprint that integrates a high-sensitivity image sensor, an inertial measurement unit and an LED driver for an external optogenetic probe. We use it to perform the first concurrent cellular resolution recordings from cerebellum and cerebral cortex in unrestrained mice, demonstrate its optogenetic stimulation capabilities to examine cerebello-cerebral or cortico-striatal connectivity, and replicate findings of action encoding in dorsal striatum. In combination with cross-platform acquisition and control software, our miniscope is a versatile addition to the expanding tool chest of open-source miniscopes that will increase access to multi-region circuit investigations during unrestrained behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andres de Groot
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bastijn Jg van den Boom
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Romano M van Genderen
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris Coppens
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John van Veldhuijzen
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joop Bos
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hugo Hoedemaker
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, TU Delft, Delft, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingo Willuhn
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tycho M Hoogland
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sudhakar SK, Hong S, Raikov I, Publio R, Lang C, Close T, Guo D, Negrello M, de Schutter E. Correction: Spatiotemporal network coding of physiological mossy fiber inputs by the cerebellar granular layer. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007472. [PMID: 31639135 PMCID: PMC6804954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
6
|
Flierman NA, Ignashchenkova A, Negrello M, Thier P, De Zeeuw CI, Badura A. Glissades Are Altered by Lesions to the Oculomotor Vermis but Not by Saccadic Adaptation. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:194. [PMID: 31507389 PMCID: PMC6716469 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccadic eye movements enable fast and precise scanning of the visual field, which is partially controlled by the posterior cerebellar vermis. Textbook saccades have a straight trajectory and a unimodal velocity profile, and hence have well-defined epochs of start and end. However, in practice only a fraction of saccades matches this description. One way in which a saccade can deviate from its trajectory is the presence of an overshoot or undershoot at the end of a saccadic eye movement just before fixation. This additional movement, known as a glissade, is regarded as a motor command error and was characterized decades ago but was almost never studied. Using rhesus macaques, we investigated the properties of glissades and changes to glissade kinematics following cerebellar lesions. Additionally, in monkeys with an intact cerebellum, we investigated whether the glissade amplitude can be modulated using multiple adaptation paradigms. Our results show that saccade kinematics are altered by the presence of a glissade, and that glissades do not appear to have any adaptive function as they do not bring the eye closer to the target. Quantification of these results establishes a detailed description of glissades. Further, we show that lesions to the posterior cerebellum have a deleterious effect on both saccade and glissade properties, which recovers over time. Finally, the saccadic adaptation experiments reveal that glissades cannot be modulated by this training paradigm. Together our work offers a functional study of glissades and provides new insight into the cerebellar involvement in this type of motor error.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico A Flierman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alla Ignashchenkova
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Thier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Negrello M, Warnaar P, Romano V, Owens CB, Lindeman S, Iavarone E, Spanke JK, Bosman LWJ, De Zeeuw CI. Quasiperiodic rhythms of the inferior olive. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006475. [PMID: 31059498 PMCID: PMC6538185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inferior olivary activity causes both short-term and long-term changes in cerebellar output underlying motor performance and motor learning. Many of its neurons engage in coherent subthreshold oscillations and are extensively coupled via gap junctions. Studies in reduced preparations suggest that these properties promote rhythmic, synchronized output. However, the interaction of these properties with torrential synaptic inputs in awake behaving animals is not well understood. Here we combine electrophysiological recordings in awake mice with a realistic tissue-scale computational model of the inferior olive to study the relative impact of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms governing its activity. Our data and model suggest that if subthreshold oscillations are present in the awake state, the period of these oscillations will be transient and variable. Accordingly, by using different temporal patterns of sensory stimulation, we found that complex spike rhythmicity was readily evoked but limited to short intervals of no more than a few hundred milliseconds and that the periodicity of this rhythmic activity was not fixed but dynamically related to the synaptic input to the inferior olive as well as to motor output. In contrast, in the long-term, the average olivary spiking activity was not affected by the strength and duration of the sensory stimulation, while the level of gap junctional coupling determined the stiffness of the rhythmic activity in the olivary network during its dynamic response to sensory modulation. Thus, interactions between intrinsic properties and extrinsic inputs can explain the variations of spiking activity of olivary neurons, providing a temporal framework for the creation of both the short-term and long-term changes in cerebellar output. Activity of the inferior olive, transmitted via climbing fibers to the cerebellum, regulates initiation and amplitude of movements, signals unexpected sensory feedback, and directs cerebellar learning. It is characterized by widespread subthreshold oscillations and synchronization promoted by strong electrotonic coupling. In brain slices, subthreshold oscillations gate which inputs can be transmitted by inferior olivary neurons and which will not—dependent on the phase of the oscillation. We tested whether the subthreshold oscillations had a measurable impact on temporal patterning of climbing fiber activity in intact, awake mice. We did so by recording neural activity of the postsynaptic Purkinje cells, in which complex spike firing faithfully represents climbing fiber activity. For short intervals (<300 ms) many Purkinje cells showed spontaneously rhythmic complex spike activity. However, our experiments designed to evoke conditional responses indicated that complex spikes are not predominantly predicated on stimulus history. Our realistic network model of the inferior olive explains the experimental observations via continuous phase modulations of the subthreshold oscillations under the influence of synaptic fluctuations. We conclude that complex spike activity emerges from a quasiperiodic rhythm that is stabilized by electrotonic coupling between its dendrites, yet dynamically influenced by the status of their synaptic inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MN); (LWJB); (CIDZ)
| | - Pascal Warnaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cullen B. Owens
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Lindeman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jochen K. Spanke
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurens W. J. Bosman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MN); (LWJB); (CIDZ)
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MN); (LWJB); (CIDZ)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ju C, Bosman LW, Hoogland TM, Velauthapillai A, Murugesan P, Warnaar P, van Genderen RM, Negrello M, De Zeeuw CI. Neurons of the inferior olive respond to broad classes of sensory input while subject to homeostatic control. J Physiol 2019; 597:2483-2514. [PMID: 30908629 PMCID: PMC6487939 DOI: 10.1113/jp277413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Purkinje cells in the cerebellum integrate input from sensory organs with that from premotor centres. Purkinje cells use a variety of sensory inputs relaying information from the environment to modify motor control. Here we investigated to what extent the climbing fibre inputs to Purkinje cells signal mono- or multi-sensory information, and to what extent this signalling is subject to recent history of activity. We show that individual climbing fibres convey multiple types of sensory information, together providing a rich mosaic projection pattern of sensory signals across the cerebellar cortex. Moreover, firing probability of climbing fibres following sensory stimulation depends strongly on the recent history of activity, showing a tendency to homeostatic dampening. ABSTRACT Cerebellar Purkinje cells integrate sensory information with motor efference copies to adapt movements to behavioural and environmental requirements. They produce complex spikes that are triggered by the activity of climbing fibres originating in neurons of the inferior olive. These complex spikes can shape the onset, amplitude and direction of movements and the adaptation of such movements to sensory feedback. Clusters of nearby inferior olive neurons project to parasagittally aligned stripes of Purkinje cells, referred to as 'microzones'. It is currently unclear to what extent individual Purkinje cells within a single microzone integrate climbing fibre inputs from multiple sources of different sensory origins, and to what extent sensory-evoked climbing fibre responses depend on the strength and recent history of activation. Here we imaged complex spike responses in cerebellar lobule crus 1 to various types of sensory stimulation in awake mice. We find that different sensory modalities and receptive fields have a mild, but consistent, tendency to converge on individual Purkinje cells, with climbing fibres showing some degree of input-specificity. Purkinje cells encoding the same stimulus show increased events with coherent complex spike firing and tend to lie close together. Moreover, whereas complex spike firing is only mildly affected by variations in stimulus strength, it depends strongly on the recent history of climbing fibre activity. Our data point towards a mechanism in the olivo-cerebellar system that regulates complex spike firing during mono- or multi-sensory stimulation around a relatively low set-point, highlighting an integrative coding scheme of complex spike firing under homeostatic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiheng Ju
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus MC3015 GDRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tycho M. Hoogland
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus MC3015 GDRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences1105 BEAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Pascal Warnaar
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus MC3015 GDRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Negrello
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus MC3015 GDRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of NeuroscienceErasmus MC3015 GDRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences1105 BEAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vrieler N, Loyola S, Yarden-Rabinowitz Y, Hoogendorp J, Medvedev N, Hoogland TM, De Zeeuw CI, De Schutter E, Yarom Y, Negrello M, Torben-Nielsen B, Uusisaari MY. Variability and directionality of inferior olive neuron dendrites revealed by detailed 3D characterization of an extensive morphological library. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:1677-1695. [PMID: 30929054 PMCID: PMC6509097 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inferior olive (IO) is an evolutionarily conserved brain stem structure and its output activity plays a major role in the cerebellar computation necessary for controlling the temporal accuracy of motor behavior. The precise timing and synchronization of IO network activity has been attributed to the dendro-dendritic gap junctions mediating electrical coupling within the IO nucleus. Thus, the dendritic morphology and spatial arrangement of IO neurons governs how synchronized activity emerges in this nucleus. To date, IO neuron structural properties have been characterized in few studies and with small numbers of neurons; these investigations have described IO neurons as belonging to two morphologically distinct types, “curly” and “straight”. In this work we collect a large number of individual IO neuron morphologies visualized using different labeling techniques and present a thorough examination of their morphological properties and spatial arrangement within the olivary neuropil. Our results show that the extensive heterogeneity in IO neuron dendritic morphologies occupies a continuous range between the classically described “curly” and “straight” types, and that this continuum is well represented by a relatively simple measure of “straightness”. Furthermore, we find that IO neuron dendritic trees are often directionally oriented. Combined with an examination of cell body density distributions and dendritic orientation of adjacent IO neurons, our results suggest that the IO network may be organized into groups of densely coupled neurons interspersed with areas of weaker coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Vrieler
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Sciences and Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sebastian Loyola
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmin Yarden-Rabinowitz
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Sciences and Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jesse Hoogendorp
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolay Medvedev
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tycho M Hoogland
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik De Schutter
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yosef Yarom
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Life Sciences and Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marylka Yoe Uusisaari
- Neuronal Rhythms in Movement Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chatzikonstantis G, Sidiropoulos H, Strydis C, Negrello M, Smaragdos G, De Zeeuw C, Soudris D. Multinode implementation of an extended Hodgkin–Huxley simulator. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Romano V, De Propris L, Bosman LW, Warnaar P, Ten Brinke MM, Lindeman S, Ju C, Velauthapillai A, Spanke JK, Middendorp Guerra E, Hoogland TM, Negrello M, D'Angelo E, De Zeeuw CI. Potentiation of cerebellar Purkinje cells facilitates whisker reflex adaptation through increased simple spike activity. eLife 2018; 7:38852. [PMID: 30561331 PMCID: PMC6326726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar plasticity underlies motor learning. However, how the cerebellum operates to enable learned changes in motor output is largely unknown. We developed a sensory-driven adaptation protocol for reflexive whisker protraction and recorded Purkinje cell activity from crus 1 and 2 of awake mice. Before training, simple spikes of individual Purkinje cells correlated during reflexive protraction with the whisker position without lead or lag. After training, simple spikes and whisker protractions were both enhanced with the spiking activity now leading behavioral responses. Neuronal and behavioral changes did not occur in two cell-specific mouse models with impaired long-term potentiation at their parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses. Consistent with cerebellar plasticity rules, increased simple spike activity was prominent in cells with low complex spike response probability. Thus, potentiation at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses may contribute to reflex adaptation and enable expression of cerebellar learning through increases in simple spike activity. Rodents use their whiskers to explore the world around them. When the whiskers touch an object, it triggers involuntary movements of the whiskers called whisker reflexes. Experiencing the same sensory stimulus multiple times enables rodents to fine-tune these reflexes, e.g., by making their movements larger or smaller. This type of learning is often referred to as motor learning. A part of the brain called cerebellum controls motor learning. It contains some of the largest neurons in the nervous system, the Purkinje cells. Each Purkinje cell receives input from thousands of extensions of small neurons, known as parallel fibers. It is thought that decreasing the strength of the connections between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells can help mammals learn new movements. This is the case in a type of learning called Pavlovian conditioning. It takes its name from the Russian scientist, Pavlov, who showed that dogs can learn to salivate in response to a bell signaling food. Pavlovian conditioning enables animals to optimize their responses to sensory stimuli. But Romano et al. now show that increasing the strength of connections between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells can also support learning. To trigger reflexive whisker movements, a machine blew puffs of air onto the whiskers of awake mice. After repeated exposure to the air puffs, the mice increased the size of their whisker reflexes. At the same time, their Purkinje cells became more active and the connections between Purkinje cells and parallel fibers grew stronger. Artificially increasing Purkinje cell activity triggered the same changes in whisker reflexes as the air puffs themselves. Textbooks still report that only weakening of connections within the cerebellum enables animals to learn and modify movements. The data obtained by Romano al. thus paint a new picture of how the cerebellum works in the context of whisker learning. They show that strengthening these connections can also support movement-related learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Licia De Propris
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Warnaar
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sander Lindeman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiheng Ju
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jochen K Spanke
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tycho M Hoogland
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Brain Connectivity Center, Instituto Fondazione C Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sudhakar SK, Hong S, Raikov I, Publio R, Lang C, Close T, Guo D, Negrello M, De Schutter E. Spatiotemporal network coding of physiological mossy fiber inputs by the cerebellar granular layer. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005754. [PMID: 28934196 PMCID: PMC5626500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The granular layer, which mainly consists of granule and Golgi cells, is the first stage of the cerebellar cortex and processes spatiotemporal information transmitted by mossy fiber inputs with a wide variety of firing patterns. To study its dynamics at multiple time scales in response to inputs approximating real spatiotemporal patterns, we constructed a large-scale 3D network model of the granular layer. Patterned mossy fiber activity induces rhythmic Golgi cell activity that is synchronized by shared parallel fiber input and by gap junctions. This leads to long distance synchrony of Golgi cells along the transverse axis, powerfully regulating granule cell firing by imposing inhibition during a specific time window. The essential network mechanisms, including tunable Golgi cell oscillations, on-beam inhibition and NMDA receptors causing first winner keeps winning of granule cells, illustrate how fundamental properties of the granule layer operate in tandem to produce (1) well timed and spatially bound output, (2) a wide dynamic range of granule cell firing and (3) transient and coherent gating oscillations. These results substantially enrich our understanding of granule cell layer processing, which seems to promote spatial group selection of granule cell activity as a function of timing of mossy fiber input. The cerebellum is an organ of peculiar geometrical properties, and has been attributed the function of applying spatiotemporal transforms to sensorimotor data since Eccles. In this work we have analyzed the spatiotemporal response properties of the first part of the cerebellar circuit, the granule layer. On the basis of a biophysically plausible and large-scale model of the cerebellum, constrained by a wealth of anatomical data, we study the network dynamics and firing properties of individual cell populations in response to 'realistic' input patterns. We make specific predictions about the spatiotemporal features of granule layer processing regarding the effects of the gap junction coupled network of Golgi cells on a spatially restricted input, in an effect we denominate first-takes-all. Furthermore, we calculate that the granule cell layer has a wide dynamic range, indicating that this is a system that can transmit large variations of input intensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Sudhakar
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuro-engineering, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sungho Hong
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ivan Raikov
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Publio
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Claus Lang
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Bernstein Center of Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Close
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Daqing Guo
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mario Negrello
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuro-engineering, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik De Schutter
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuro-engineering, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Purkinje cells (PC), the sole output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, encode sensorimotor information, but how they do it remains a matter of debate. Here we show that PCs use a multiplexed spike code. Synchrony/spike time and firing rate encode different information in behaving monkeys during saccadic eye motion tasks. Using the local field potential (LFP) as a probe of local network activity, we found that infrequent pause spikes, which initiated or terminated intermittent pauses in simple spike trains, provide a temporally reliable signal for eye motion onset, with strong phase-coupling to the β/γ band LFP. Concurrently, regularly firing, non-pause spikes were weakly correlated with the LFP, but were crucial to linear encoding of eye movement kinematics by firing rate. Therefore, PC spike trains can simultaneously convey information necessary to achieve precision in both timing and continuous control of motion. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13810.001 The cerebellum is a part of the brain that uses information from the senses to coordinate movement. Cells called Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum produce the final ‘output’ of its cortex. Therefore, Purkinje neurons have to communicate precise information about different aspects of the movement, such as its speed and timing. This information is likely to be represented by patterns of electrical activity within Purkinje neurons, but these patterns are still not fully understood. Hong et al. recorded and analyzed electrical ‘spikes’, the output activity of Purkinje neurons, while monkeys made rapid eye movements. The recordings showed that occasional pauses in the otherwise regularly firing spikes of Purkinje neurons signaled the start of the eye movements. The pauses were accompanied by a sharp change in the local field potential, another electrical signal that comes from many neurons in the neighborhood. In the same cells, the rate of regularly firing spikes increased and decreased with the direction and speed of eye movements, following a simple relationship and independently of the local field potential. Purkinje neurons therefore appear to use both the timing and the rate of their spiking activity to represent movement. This resolves conflicting reports in the literature claiming that either rates of spiking or their timing code essential information about movements: both are important. This way of representing information by combining more than one source is known as multiplexed coding. Next, experiments recording electrical activity from many cells in the cerebellum at the same time are needed to find out how multiple Purkinje neurons can pause their spiking activity at the same time. Future experiments should also uncover how pauses in spiking and firing rates change with learning. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13810.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungho Hong
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mario Negrello
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Junker
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Smilgin
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Thier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik De Schutter
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kros L, Eelkman Rooda OHJ, Spanke JK, Alva P, van Dongen MN, Karapatis A, Tolner EA, Strydis C, Davey N, Winkelman BHJ, Negrello M, Serdijn WA, Steuber V, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, De Zeeuw CI, Hoebeek FE. Cerebellar output controls generalized spike-and-wave discharge occurrence. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:1027-49. [PMID: 25762286 PMCID: PMC5008217 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective Disrupting thalamocortical activity patterns has proven to be a promising approach to stop generalized spike‐and‐wave discharges (GSWDs) characteristic of absence seizures. Here, we investigated to what extent modulation of neuronal firing in cerebellar nuclei (CN), which are anatomically in an advantageous position to disrupt cortical oscillations through their innervation of a wide variety of thalamic nuclei, is effective in controlling absence seizures. Methods Two unrelated mouse models of generalized absence seizures were used: the natural mutant tottering, which is characterized by a missense mutation in Cacna1a, and inbred C3H/HeOuJ. While simultaneously recording single CN neuron activity and electrocorticogram in awake animals, we investigated to what extent pharmacologically increased or decreased CN neuron activity could modulate GSWD occurrence as well as short‐lasting, on‐demand CN stimulation could disrupt epileptic seizures. Results We found that a subset of CN neurons show phase‐locked oscillatory firing during GSWDs and that manipulating this activity modulates GSWD occurrence. Inhibiting CN neuron action potential firing by local application of the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABA‐A) agonist muscimol increased GSWD occurrence up to 37‐fold, whereas increasing the frequency and regularity of CN neuron firing with the use of GABA‐A antagonist gabazine decimated its occurrence. A single short‐lasting (30–300 milliseconds) optogenetic stimulation of CN neuron activity abruptly stopped GSWDs, even when applied unilaterally. Using a closed‐loop system, GSWDs were detected and stopped within 500 milliseconds. Interpretation CN neurons are potent modulators of pathological oscillations in thalamocortical network activity during absence seizures, and their potential therapeutic benefit for controlling other types of generalized epilepsies should be evaluated. Ann Neurol 2015;77:1027–1049
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieke Kros
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jochen K Spanke
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Parimala Alva
- Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Marijn N van Dongen
- Bioelectronics Section, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Karapatis
- Bioelectronics Section, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Else A Tolner
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christos Strydis
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neil Davey
- Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Beerend H J Winkelman
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter A Serdijn
- Bioelectronics Section, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Volker Steuber
- Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Warnaar P, Couto J, Negrello M, Junker M, Smilgin A, Ignashchenkova A, Giugliano M, Thier P, De Schutter E. Duration of Purkinje cell complex spikes increases with their firing frequency. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:122. [PMID: 25918500 PMCID: PMC4394703 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climbing fiber (CF) triggered complex spikes (CS) are massive depolarization bursts in the cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC), showing several high frequency spikelet components (±600 Hz). Since its early observations, the CS is known to vary in shape. In this study we describe CS waveforms, extracellularly recorded in awake primates (Macaca mulatta) performing saccades. Every PC analyzed showed a range of CS shapes with profoundly different duration and number of spikelets. The initial part of the CS was rather constant but the later part differed greatly, with a pronounced jitter of the last spikelets causing a large variation in total CS duration. Waveforms did not effect the following pause duration in the simple spike (SS) train, nor were SS firing rates predictive of the waveform shapes or vice versa. The waveforms did not differ between experimental conditions nor was there a preferred sequential order of CS shapes throughout the recordings. Instead, part of their variability, the timing jitter of the CS’s last spikelets, strongly correlated with interval length to the preceding CS: shorter CS intervals resulted in later appearance of the last spikelets in the CS burst, and vice versa. A similar phenomenon was observed in rat PCs recorded in vitro upon repeated extracellular stimulation of CFs at different frequencies in slice experiments. All together these results strongly suggest that the variability in the timing of the last spikelet is due to CS frequency dependent changes in PC excitability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Warnaar
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk, Belgium ; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joao Couto
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands ; Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-Son Okinawa, Japan
| | - Marc Junker
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Smilgin
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alla Ignashchenkova
- Physiology of Active Vision, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michele Giugliano
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk, Belgium ; Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK ; Brain Mind Institute, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Thier
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
| | - Erik De Schutter
- Theoretical Neurobiology and Neuroengineering Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk, Belgium ; Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-Son Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bianchini F, Bielewicz P, Lapi A, Gonzalez-Nuevo J, Baccigalupi C, de Zotti G, Danese L, Bourne N, Cooray A, Dunne L, Dye S, Eales S, Ivison R, Maddox S, Negrello M, Scott D, Smith MWL, Valiante E. CROSS-CORRELATION BETWEEN THE CMB LENSING POTENTIAL MEASURED BYPLANCKAND HIGH-zSUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES DETECTED BY THEHERSCHEL-ATLAS SURVEY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/802/1/64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Abstract
This article compiles an expose of Valentino Braitenberg's singular view on neuroanatomy and neuroscience. The review emphasizes his topologically informed work on neuroanatomy and his dialectics of brain-based explanations of motor behavior. Some of his early ideas on topologically informed neuroanatomy are presented, together with some of his more obscure work on the taxonomy of neural fiber bundles and synaptic arborizations. His functionally informed interpretations of neuroanatomy of the cerebellum, cortex, and hippocampus, are introduced. Finally, we will touch on his philosophical views and the inextricable role of function in the explanation of neural behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Negrello
- Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna Prefecture, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vinueza Veloz MF, Zhou K, Bosman LWJ, Potters JW, Negrello M, Seepers RM, Strydis C, Koekkoek SKE, De Zeeuw CI. Cerebellar control of gait and interlimb coordination. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 220:3513-36. [PMID: 25139623 PMCID: PMC4575700 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic and intrinsic processing in Purkinje cells, interneurons and granule cells of the cerebellar cortex have been shown to underlie various relatively simple, single-joint, reflex types of motor learning, including eyeblink conditioning and adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. However, to what extent these processes contribute to more complex, multi-joint motor behaviors, such as locomotion performance and adaptation during obstacle crossing, is not well understood. Here, we investigated these functions using the Erasmus Ladder in cell-specific mouse mutant lines that suffer from impaired Purkinje cell output (Pcd), Purkinje cell potentiation (L7-Pp2b), molecular layer interneuron output (L7-Δγ2), and granule cell output (α6-Cacna1a). We found that locomotion performance was severely impaired with small steps and long step times in Pcd and L7-Pp2b mice, whereas it was mildly altered in L7-Δγ2 and not significantly affected in α6-Cacna1a mice. Locomotion adaptation triggered by pairing obstacle appearances with preceding tones at fixed time intervals was impaired in all four mouse lines, in that they all showed inaccurate and inconsistent adaptive walking patterns. Furthermore, all mutants exhibited altered front–hind and left–right interlimb coordination during both performance and adaptation, and inconsistent walking stepping patterns while crossing obstacles. Instead, motivation and avoidance behavior were not compromised in any of the mutants during the Erasmus Ladder task. Our findings indicate that cell type-specific abnormalities in cerebellar microcircuitry can translate into pronounced impairments in locomotion performance and adaptation as well as interlimb coordination, highlighting the general role of the cerebellar cortex in spatiotemporal control of complex multi-joint movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuikui Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens W J Bosman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem Potters
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Seepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Strydis
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rahmati N, Owens CB, Bosman LWJ, Spanke JK, Lindeman S, Gong W, Potters JW, Romano V, Voges K, Moscato L, Koekkoek SKE, Negrello M, De Zeeuw CI. Cerebellar potentiation and learning a whisker-based object localization task with a time response window. J Neurosci 2014; 34:1949-62. [PMID: 24478374 PMCID: PMC6827592 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2966-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whisker-based object localization requires activation and plasticity of somatosensory and motor cortex. These parts of the cerebral cortex receive strong projections from the cerebellum via the thalamus, but it is unclear whether and to what extent cerebellar processing may contribute to such a sensorimotor task. Here, we subjected knock-out mice, which suffer from impaired intrinsic plasticity in their Purkinje cells and long-term potentiation at their parallel fiber-to-Purkinje cell synapses (L7-PP2B), to an object localization task with a time response window (RW). Water-deprived animals had to learn to localize an object with their whiskers, and based upon this location they were trained to lick within a particular period ("go" trial) or refrain from licking ("no-go" trial). L7-PP2B mice were not ataxic and showed proper basic motor performance during whisking and licking, but were severely impaired in learning this task compared with wild-type littermates. Significantly fewer L7-PP2B mice were able to learn the task at long RWs. Those L7-PP2B mice that eventually learned the task made unstable progress, were significantly slower in learning, and showed deficiencies in temporal tuning. These differences became greater as the RW became narrower. Trained wild-type mice, but not L7-PP2B mice, showed a net increase in simple spikes and complex spikes of their Purkinje cells during the task. We conclude that cerebellar processing, and potentiation in particular, can contribute to learning a whisker-based object localization task when timing is relevant. This study points toward a relevant role of cerebellum-cerebrum interaction in a sophisticated cognitive task requiring strict temporal processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Cullen B. Owens
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Laurens W. J. Bosman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Jochen K. Spanke
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Lindeman
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Jan-Willem Potters
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Vincenzo Romano
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Kai Voges
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Letizia Moscato
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | | | - Mario Negrello
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hong S, Negrello M, Junker MA, Thier P, De Schutter E. Saccade angle modulates correlation between the local field potential and cerebellar Purkinje neuron activity. BMC Neurosci 2013. [PMCID: PMC3704680 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-s1-p91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
22
|
Guo D, Negrello M, De Schutter E. A computational study on the spatial correlation of granule cell firing in the cerebellar cortex. BMC Neurosci 2012. [PMCID: PMC3403405 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-s1-p153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
23
|
|
24
|
Negrello M. Introduction. Invariants of Behavior 2011:3-9. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
25
|
Negrello M. Attractor Landscapes and the Invariants of Behavior. Invariants of Behavior 2011:141-175. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
26
|
Negrello M. Convergent Evolution of Behavioral Function. Invariants of Behavior 2011:177-212. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
27
|
Negrello M. Dynamical Systems and Convergence. Invariants of Behavior 2011:81-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
28
|
Negrello M. Conclusion. Invariants of Behavior 2011:239-244. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
29
|
Negrello M. Empirical Assessments of Invariance. Invariants of Behavior 2011:41-62. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
30
|
Negrello M. Neurodynamics and Evolutionary Robotics. Invariants of Behavior 2011:125-140. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
31
|
Pfeiffer K, Negrello M, Homberg U. Conditional Perception Under Stimulus Ambiguity: Polarization- and Azimuth-Sensitive Neurons in the Locust Brain Are Inhibited by Low Degrees of Polarization. J Neurophysiol 2011; 105:28-35. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00480.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory perception often relies on the integration and matching of multisensory inputs. In the brain of desert locusts, identified neurons that signal the sun's direction relative to the animal's head integrate information about the polarization pattern of the sky with information on the color and intensity contrast of the sky. The cloudless blue sky exhibits a gradient from unpolarized sunlight to strongly polarized light at 90° from the sun. Therefore the percentage of polarized light in the sky is highest at dusk and dawn and lowest when the sun is in the zenith. We investigated the effect of different degrees of polarization on neurons of the anterior optic tubercle of the desert locust through intracellular recordings. Whereas dorsal presentation of strongly polarized light largely excited the neurons, weakly polarized light, i.e., a blend of polarized light of many orientations, led to inhibition. The data suggest that the polarization input to these neurons is inhibited within a radius of 50° around the sun, thereby avoiding conflicting input from the polarization and direct sunlight channels. These properties can be regarded as sensory filters to avoid ambiguous signaling during sky compass orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keram Pfeiffer
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; and
| | - Mario Negrello
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Onna-Son, Kunigami, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Uwe Homberg
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; and
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Negrello M. Neural Communication: Messages Between Modules. Invariants of Behavior 2011:213-238. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
33
|
Negrello M. Neurons, Models, and Invariants. Invariants of Behavior 2011:101-121. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Negrello M. Modeling and Invariance. Invariants of Behavior 2011:63-79. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
36
|
Negrello M. Invariances in Theory. Invariants of Behavior 2011:11-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8804-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
37
|
Negrello M, Hong S, De Schutter E. What was the Purkinje doing while the monkey slept? BMC Neurosci 2010. [PMCID: PMC3090981 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-s1-p9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|