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Liu K, Yang Y, Wu Z, Sun C, Su Y, Huang N, Wu H, Yi C, Ye J, Xiao L, Niu J. Remyelination-oriented clemastine treatment attenuates neuropathies of optic nerve and retina in glaucoma. Glia 2024. [PMID: 38829008 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
As one of the top causes of blindness worldwide, glaucoma leads to diverse optic neuropathies such as degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is widely accepted that the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor in human glaucoma, and reduction of IOP level is the principally most well-known method to prevent cell death of RGCs. However, clinical studies show that lowering IOP fails to prevent RGC degeneration in the progression of glaucoma. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of glaucoma pathological process is required for developing new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we provide functional and histological evidence showing that optic nerve defects occurred before retina damage in an ocular hypertension glaucoma mouse model, in which oligodendroglial lineage cells were responsible for the subsequent neuropathology. By treatment with clemastine, an Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved first-generation antihistamine medicine, we demonstrate that the optic nerve and retina damages were attenuated via promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and enhancing remyelination. Taken together, our results reveal the timeline of the optic neuropathies in glaucoma and highlight the potential role of oligodendroglial lineage cells playing in its treatment. Clemastine may be used in future clinical applications for demyelination-associated glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Army Specialty Medical Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Army Specialty Medical Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhonghao Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhui Sun
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yixun Su
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nanxin Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoqian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Army Specialty Medical Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenju Yi
- Research Centre, Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Army Specialty Medical Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao Y, Sun B, Fu X, Zuo Z, Qin H, Yao K. YAP in development and disease: Navigating the regulatory landscape from retina to brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116703. [PMID: 38713948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The distinctive role of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in the nervous system has attracted widespread attention. This comprehensive review strategically uses the retina as a vantage point, embarking on an extensive exploration of YAP's multifaceted impact from the retina to the brain in development and pathology. Initially, we explore the crucial roles of YAP in embryonic and cerebral development. Our focus then shifts to retinal development, examining in detail YAP's regulatory influence on the development of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), and its significant effects on the hierarchical structure and functionality of the retina. We also investigate the essential contributions of YAP in maintaining retinal homeostasis, highlighting its precise regulation of retinal cell proliferation and survival. In terms of retinal-related diseases, we explore the epigenetic connections and pathophysiological regulation of YAP in diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Lastly, we broaden our exploration from the retina to the brain, emphasizing the research paradigm of "retina: a window to the brain." Special focus is given to the emerging studies on YAP in brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), underlining its potential therapeutic value in neurodegenerative disorders and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xuefei Fu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhuan Zuo
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Qin
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Kai Yao
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Wang X, Zhou J, Wang Y, Li X, Hu Q, Luo L, Liu X, Liu W, Ye J. Effect of astrocyte GPER on the optic nerve inflammatory response following optic nerve injury in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29428. [PMID: 38638966 PMCID: PMC11024623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated astrocytes are a primary source of inflammatory factors following traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Accumulation of inflammatory factors in this context leads to increased axonal damage and loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Therefore, in the present study, we explored the role of the astrocyte G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in regulating inflammatory factors following optic nerve crush (ONC), and analyzed its potential regulatory mechanisms. Overall, our results showed that GPER was abundantly expressed in the optic nerve, and co-localized with glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP). Exogenous administration of G-1 led to a significant reduction in astrocyte activation and expression of inflammation-related factors (including IL-1β, TNF-α, NFκB, and p-NFκB). Additionally, it dramatically increased the survival of RGCs. In contrast, astrocytes were activated to a greater extent by exogenous G15 administration; however, RGCs survival was significantly reduced. In vitro, GPER activation significantly reduced astrocyte activation and the release of inflammation-related factors. In conclusion, activation of astrocyte GPER significantly reduced ONC inflammation levels, and should be explored as a potential target pathway for protecting the optic nerve and RGCs after TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Xinqiao Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Pan C, Hao X, Deng X, Lu F, Liu J, Hou W, Xu T. The roles of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in physical therapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:197. [PMID: 38670949 PMCID: PMC11053014 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is regulated by mechanical signals within the cellular microenvironment. Additionally, changes of temperature, blood flow, and muscle contraction also affect cellular state and the development of diseases. In clinical practice, physical therapy techniques such as ultrasound, vibration, exercise, cold therapy, and hyperthermia are commonly employed to alleviate pain and treat diseases. However, the molecular mechanism about how these physiotherapy methods stimulate local tissues and control gene expression remains unknow. Fortunately, the discovery of YAP filled this gap, which has been reported has the ability to sense and convert a wide variety of mechanical signals into cell-specific programs for transcription, thereby offering a fresh perspective on the mechanisms by which physiotherapy treat different diseases. This review examines the involvement of Hippo/YAP signaling pathway in various diseases and its role in different physical therapy approaches on diseases. Furthermore, we explore the potential therapeutic implications of the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway and address the limitations and controversies surrounding its application in physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunran Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjie Hou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Liu YC, Su WS, Hung TH, Yang FY. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity by Upregulating Neurotrophic Factors. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2024; 50:610-616. [PMID: 38290910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) can have long-term implications on patients' physical and mental health, yet the available treatment options are limited. Recent research has shown that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) holds promise for treating neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injuries. Our objective was to explore the therapeutic potential of LIPUS for HIBD. METHODS Due to the lack of a suitable animal model for neonatal HIBD, we will initially simulate the therapeutic effects of LIPUS on neuronal cells under oxidative stress and neuroinflammation using cell experiments. Previous studies have investigated the biologic responses following intracranial injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In this experiment, we will focus on the biologic effects produced by LIPUS treatment on neuronal cells (specifically, SH-SY5Y cells) without the presence of other neuroglial cell assistance after stimulation with 6-OHDA. RESULTS We found that (i) pulsed ultrasound exposure, specifically three-intermittent sonication at intensities ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 W/cm², did not lead to a significant decrease in viability among SH-SY5Y cells; (ii) LIPUS treatment exhibited a positive effect on cell viability, accompanied by an increase in glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels and a decrease in caspase three levels; (iii) the administration of 6-OHDA had a significant impact on cell viability, resulting in a decrease in both brain cell-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and GDNF levels, while concurrently elevating caspase three and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels; and (iv) LIPUS treatment demonstrated its potential to alleviate the changes induced by 6-OHDA, particularly in the levels of BDNF, GDNF, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). CONCLUSION LIPUS treatment may possess partial therapeutic capabilities for SH-SY5Y cells damaged by 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. Our findings enhance our understanding of the effects of LIPUS treatment on cell viability and its modulation of key factors involved in the pathophysiology of HIBD and show the promising potential of LIPUS as an alternative therapeutic approach for neonates with HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shen Su
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ho Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Westphal JA, Bryan AE, Krutko M, Esfandiari L, Schutte SC, Harris GM. Innervation of an Ultrasound-Mediated PVDF-TrFE Scaffold for Skin-Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 9:2. [PMID: 38275450 PMCID: PMC11154284 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, electrospun polyvinylidene-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) was utilized for its biocompatibility, mechanics, and piezoelectric properties to promote Schwann cell (SC) elongation and sensory neuron (SN) extension. PVDF-TrFE electrospun scaffolds were characterized over a variety of electrospinning parameters (1, 2, and 3 h aligned and unaligned electrospun fibers) to determine ideal thickness, porosity, and tensile strength for use as an engineered skin tissue. PVDF-TrFE was electrically activated through mechanical deformation using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) waves as a non-invasive means to trigger piezoelectric properties of the scaffold and deliver electric potential to cells. Using this therapeutic modality, neurite integration in tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESSs) was quantified including neurite alignment, elongation, and vertical perforation into PVDF-TrFE scaffolds. Results show LIPUS stimulation promoted cell alignment on aligned scaffolds. Further, stimulation significantly increased SC elongation and SN extension separately and in coculture on aligned scaffolds but significantly decreased elongation and extension on unaligned scaffolds. This was also seen in cell perforation depth analysis into scaffolds which indicated LIPUS enhanced perforation of SCs, SNs, and cocultures on scaffolds. Taken together, this work demonstrates the immense potential for non-invasive electric stimulation of an in vitro tissue-engineered-skin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Westphal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Andrew E. Bryan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
| | - Maksym Krutko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Leyla Esfandiari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Stacey C. Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Greg M. Harris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; (J.A.W.); (M.K.); (L.E.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA;
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Li X, Luo LL, Li RF, Chen CL, Sun M, Lin S. Pantothenate Kinase 4 Governs Lens Epithelial Fibrosis by Negatively Regulating Pyruvate Kinase M2-Related Glycolysis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1834-1852. [PMID: 37196116 PMCID: PMC10529755 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lens fibrosis is one of the leading causes of cataract in the elderly population. The primary energy substrate of the lens is glucose from the aqueous humor, and the transparency of mature lens epithelial cells (LECs) is dependent on glycolysis for ATP. Therefore, the deconstruction of reprogramming of glycolytic metabolism can contribute to further understanding of LEC epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the present study, we found a novel pantothenate kinase 4 (PANK4)-related glycolytic mechanism that regulates LEC EMT. The PANK4 level was correlated with aging in cataract patients and mice. Loss of function of PANK4 significantly contributed to alleviating LEC EMT by upregulating pyruvate kinase M2 isozyme (PKM2), which was phosphorylated at Y105, thus switching oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. However, PKM2 regulation did not affect PANK4, demonstrating the downstream role of PKM2. Inhibition of PKM2 in Pank4-/- mice caused lens fibrosis, which supports the finding that the PANK4-PKM2 axis is required for LEC EMT. Glycolytic metabolism-governed hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) signaling is involved in PANK4-PKM2-related downstream signaling. However, HIF-1α elevation was independent of PKM2 (S37) but PKM2 (Y105) when PANK4 was deleted, which demonstrated that PKM2 and HIF-1α were not involved in a classic positive feedback loop. Collectively, these results indicate a PANK4-related glycolysis switch that may contribute to HIF-1 stabilization and PKM2 phosphorylation at Y105 and inhibit LEC EMT. The mechanism elucidation in our study may also shed light on fibrosis treatments for other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin-Lin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Rui-Feng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chun-Lin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Min Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Jian Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Zhong W, Ai D, He Y, Song J. Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Attenuates Periodontal Ligament Cells Apoptosis by Activating Yes-Associated Protein-Regulated Autophagy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1227-1237. [PMID: 36878833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the work described here was to determine if low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has an anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs). The mechanism underlying this effect remains to be explored and is likely related to PDLC apoptosis regulated by Yes-associated protein (YAP) and autophagy. METHODS To verify this hypothesis, we used a rat model of periodontitis and primary human PDLCs. We examined alveolar bone resorption in rats and apoptosis, autophagy and YAP activity in LPS-treated PDLCs with and without application of LIPUS by cellular immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and Western blotting. Then, siRNA transfection was used to decrease YAP expression to confirm the regulatory role of YAP in the anti-apoptotic effect of LIPUS on PDLCs. DISCUSSION We found that LIPUS attenuated alveolar bone resorption in rats and this was accompanied by YAP activation. LIPUS inhibited hPDLC apoptosis by YAP activation, and promoted autophagic degradation to help autophagy completion. These effects were reversed after YAP expression was blocked. CONCLUSION LIPUS attenuates PDLC apoptosis by activating Yes-associated protein-regulated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Jian
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking, China
| | - Chuangwei Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Zhong
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongqing Ai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Zhou J, Lin S, Hu Q, Li X, Chen X, Luo L, Ye S, Liu W, Ye J. Microglial CD11b Knockout Contributes to Axonal Debris Clearance and Axonal Degradation Attenuation via IGF-1 After Acute Optic Nerve Injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:7. [PMID: 37145604 PMCID: PMC10168008 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microglial clearance of axonal debris is an essential response for management of traumatic optic neuropathy. Inadequate removal of axonal debris leads to increased inflammation and axonal degeneration after traumatic optic neuropathy. The present study investigated the role of CD11b (Itgam) in axonal debris clearance and axonal degeneration. Methods Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect CD11b expression in the mouse optic nerve crush (ONC) model. Bioinformatics analysis predicted the possible role of CD11b. Cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and zymosan were used to assay phagocytosis by microglia in vivo and in vitro, respectively. CTB was also used to label functionally intact axons after ONC. Results CD11b is abundantly expressed after ONC and participates in phagocytosis. Microglia from Itgam-/- mice exhibited more significant phagocytosis of axonal debris than wild-type microglia. In vitro experiments confirmed that the CD11b gene defect in M2 microglia leads to increased insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and thus promotes phagocytosis. Lastly, following ONC, Itgam-/- mice exhibited elevated expression of neurofilament heavy peptide and Tuj1, along with more intact CTB-labeled axons when compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, the inhibition of insulin-like growth factor-1 decreased CTB labeling in Itgam-/- mice after injury. Conclusions CD11b limits microglial phagocytosis of axonal debris in traumatic optic neuropathy, as demonstrated by increased phagocytosis with CD11b knockout. The inhibition of CD11b activity may be a novel approach to promote central nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyang Ye
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Nadal-Nicolás FM, Galindo-Romero C, Lucas-Ruiz F, Marsh-Amstrong N, Li W, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M. Pan-retinal ganglion cell markers in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques. Zool Res 2023; 44:226-248. [PMID: 36594396 PMCID: PMC9841181 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Univocal identification of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is an essential prerequisite for studying their degeneration and neuroprotection. Before the advent of phenotypic markers, RGCs were normally identified using retrograde tracing of retinorecipient areas. This is an invasive technique, and its use is precluded in higher mammals such as monkeys. In the past decade, several RGC markers have been described. Here, we reviewed and analyzed the specificity of nine markers used to identify all or most RGCs, i.e., pan-RGC markers, in rats, mice, and macaques. The best markers in the three species in terms of specificity, proportion of RGCs labeled, and indicators of viability were BRN3A, expressed by vision-forming RGCs, and RBPMS, expressed by vision- and non-vision-forming RGCs. NEUN, often used to identify RGCs, was expressed by non-RGCs in the ganglion cell layer, and therefore was not RGC-specific. γ-SYN, TUJ1, and NF-L labeled the RGC axons, which impaired the detection of their somas in the central retina but would be good for studying RGC morphology. In rats, TUJ1 and NF-L were also expressed by non-RGCs. BM88, ERRβ, and PGP9.5 are rarely used as markers, but they identified most RGCs in the rats and macaques and ERRβ in mice. However, PGP9.5 was also expressed by non-RGCs in rats and macaques and BM88 and ERRβ were not suitable markers of viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2510, USA
| | - Caridad Galindo-Romero
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Fernando Lucas-Ruiz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Nicholas Marsh-Amstrong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Retinal Neurophysiology Section, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-2510, USA
| | - Manuel Vidal-Sanz
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain. E-mail:
| | - Marta Agudo-Barriuso
- Grupo de Oftalmología Experimental, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Pascual Parrilla (IMIB), Murcia 30120, Spain
- Dpto. Oftalmología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia 30120, Spain. E-mail:
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11
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Lin Z, Gao L, Hou N, Zhi X, Zhang Y, Che Z, Deng A. Application of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on tissue resident stem cells: Potential for ophthalmic diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1153793. [PMID: 37008913 PMCID: PMC10063999 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tissue-resident stem cells (TRSCs) have the ability to self-renew and differentiate throughout an individual's lifespan, and they utilize both mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and regenerate damaged tissues. Several studies suggest that these stem cells can serve as a potential source for cell-replacement-based therapy by promoting differentiation or expansion. In recent years, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to effectively stimulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, promote tissue regeneration, and inhibit inflammatory responses. AIMS To present a comprehensive overview of current application and mechanism of LIPUS on tissue resident stem cells. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science for articles on the effects of LIPUS on tissue resident stem cells and its application. RESULTS The LIPUS could modulate cellular activities such as cell viability, proliferation and differentiation of tissue resident stem cells and related cells through various cellular signaling pathways. Currently, LIPUS, as the main therapeutic ultrasound, is being widely used in the treatment of preclinical and clinical diseases. CONCLUSION The stem cell research is the hot topic in the biological science, while in recent years, increasing evidence has shown that TRSCs are good targets for LIPUS-regulated regenerative medicine. LIPUS may be a novel and valuable therapeutic approach for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. How to further improve its efficiency and accuracy, as well as the biological mechanism therein, will be the focus of future research.
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Guo M, Zhu Y, Shi Y, Meng X, Dong X, Zhang H, Wang X, Du M, Yan H. Inhibition of ferroptosis promotes retina ganglion cell survival in experimental optic neuropathies. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102541. [PMID: 36413918 PMCID: PMC9679710 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is a hallmark of traumatic optic neuropathy, glaucoma, and other optic neuropathies that result in irreversible vision loss. However, therapeutic strategies for rescuing RGC loss still remain challenging, and the molecular mechanism underlying RGC loss has not been fully elucidated. Here, we highlight the role of ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lethal lipid peroxides accumulation, in RGC death using an experimental model of glaucoma and optic nerve crush (ONC). ONC treatment resulted in significant downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and system xc(-) cystine/glutamate antiporter (xCT) in the rat retina, accompanied by increased lipid peroxide and iron levels. The reduction of GPx4 expression in RGCs after ONC was confirmed by laser-capture microdissection and PCR. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed alterations in mitochondrial morphology, including increased membrane density and reduced mitochondrial cristae in RGCs after ONC. Notably, the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) significantly promoted RGC survival and preserved retinal function in ONC and microbead-induced glaucoma mouse models. In addition, compared to the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK, Fer-1 showed better effect in rescuing RGCs death in ONC retinas. Mechanistically, we found the downregulation of GPx4 mainly occurred in the mitochondrial compartment, accompanied by increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides. The mitochondria-selective antioxidant MitoTEMPO attenuated RGC loss after ONC, implicating mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxides as major mechanisms in ferroptosis-induced RGC death in ONC retinas. Notably, administering Fer-1 effectively prevented the production of mitochondrial lipid peroxides, the impairment of mitochondrial adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) production, and the downregulation of mitochondrial genes, such as mt-Cytb and MT-ATP6, in ONC retinas. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis is a major form of regulated cell death for RGCs in experimental glaucoma and ONC models and suggesting targeting mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis as a protective strategy for RGC injuries in optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China,Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangda Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Haokun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China,Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Mei Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China,Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. Tianjin Medical University, No. 22, Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 300052, Tianjin, China,Laboratory of Molecular Ophthalmology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ocular Trauma, Tianjin Medical University, 300070, Tianjin, China,School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China,Corresponding author. Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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13
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Construction and functional enrichment analysis of the competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network for nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy based on high-throughput sequencing. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1253-1267. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Yao Y, Xu Y, Liang JJ, Zhuang X, Ng TK. Longitudinal and simultaneous profiling of 11 modes of cell death in mouse retina post-optic nerve injury. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109159. [PMID: 35753433 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is a critical pathological trigger leading to irreversible visual impairment and blindness after optic nerve (ON) injury. Yet, there is still no effective clinical treatment to rescue RGC death after ON injury. Understanding the involvement of different modes of cell death post-ON injury could facilitate the development of targeting treatments against RGC death. Herein we aimed to characterize the regulation of 11 modes of cell death simultaneously and longitudinally in mouse retina post-ON injury. The number of RGCs gradually decreased from Day 3-14 in mice post-ON injury. Increase in the apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), autolysis (cleaved cathespin B) and pyroptosis (cleaved caspase-1) marker expression in the retina began at Day 3 post-ON injury. Meanwhile, the markers for autophagy (Atg7 and Becn1) and phagocytosis (Mfge8 and Mertk) were downregulated from Day 1 to Day 5. Additionally, the expression of ferroptosis marker (4-hydroxynonenal) was upregulated from Day 7 to Day 14 post-ON injury following the early reduction of Gpx4. Yet, the reduction of parthanatos, sarmoptosis, and mitochondrial permeable transition could be related to autophagy and apoptosis. The markers for necroptosis did not show significant changes post-ON injury. In summary, this study revealed that the activation of apoptosis, autolysis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, together with the early downregulation of autophagy and phagocytosis, are the major modes of cell death involved in the RGC death post-ON injury. Simultaneously targeting multiple modes of cell death at different time courses could be a potential treatment approach against RGC death for traumatic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Jian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Zhuang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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15
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Zhu JY, Zhang X, Zheng X, Luo LL, Mao CY, Lin S, Ye J. Dry eye symptoms in interferon regulatory factor 3-deficient mice due to herpes simplex virus infection in harderian gland and lacrimal gland. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:109053. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Acheta J, Stephens SBZ, Belin S, Poitelon Y. Therapeutic Low-Intensity Ultrasound for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration – A Schwann Cell Perspective. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:812588. [PMID: 35069118 PMCID: PMC8766802 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.812588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common conditions that can arise from trauma (e.g., compression, severance) and can lead to neuropathic pain as well as motor and sensory deficits. Although much knowledge exists on the mechanisms of injury and nerve regeneration, treatments that ensure functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury are limited. Schwann cells, the supporting glial cells in peripheral nerves, orchestrate the response to nerve injury, by converting to a “repair” phenotype. However, nerve regeneration is often suboptimal in humans as the repair Schwann cells do not sustain their repair phenotype long enough to support the prolonged regeneration times required for successful nerve regrowth. Thus, numerous strategies are currently focused on promoting and extending the Schwann cells repair phenotype. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIU) is a non-destructive therapeutic approach which has been shown to facilitate peripheral nerve regeneration following nerve injury in rodents. Still, clinical trials in humans are scarce and limited to small population sizes. The benefit of LIU on nerve regeneration could possibly be mediated through the repair Schwann cells. In this review, we discuss the known and possible molecular mechanisms activated in response to LIU in repair Schwann cells to draw support and attention to LIU as a compelling regenerative treatment for peripheral nerve injury.
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17
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Hada B, Karmacharya MB, Park SR, Choi BH. Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) differentially modulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation by three different chemicals in PC12 cells. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:1037-1047. [PMID: 34814783 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2010730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) can modulate mitochondrial complex I activity and the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in PC12 cells. This study investigated the mechanism of LIUS by comparing its effect on mitochondrial dysfunction by three different pathways. LIUS was shown to reverse the effects of rotenone, a Q-site blocker, on the complex I inhibition, mtROS generation, and drop of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). In contrast, common antioxidants, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and uric acid (UA) blocked rotenone-induced mtROS generation and Δψm drop without recovering the complex I activity, which suggested that Δψm drop is correlated with mtROS generation rather than complex I inhibition itself. Ionomycin, an ionophore for Ca2+, and L-buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis, induced mtROS generation and Δψm drop without inhibiting complex I activity via different mechanisms. LIUS showed no effect on ionomycin-induced Δψm drop but showed partial inhibition on the other effects of ionomycin and BSO. These results suggest that LIUS might have redundant mechanisms but acted mainly on the complex I activity thereby modulating mtROS and Δψm levels. LIUS appeared to act on the Q-module of complex I because it showed no inhibitory effect on Zn2+, an inhibitor of the proton transporting P-module of complex I. Interestingly, pretreatment of LIUS for up to an hour in advance blocked the rotenone effect as efficiently as the co-treatment. Further studies are needed to reveal the exact mechanism of LIUS to inhibit complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binika Hada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | | | - So Ra Park
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Byung Hyune Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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18
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Chen X, Wang D, Zhang L, Yao H, Zhu H, Zhao N, Peng X, Yang K. Neuroprotective Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on the Mouse MPTP/MPP + Model of Dopaminergic Neuron Injury. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:2321-2330. [PMID: 34011450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound mediated neuromodulation has been demonstrated to a safe treatment strategy in the field of neuroscience. In this study, low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was used to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) models induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to explore the possibility of ultrasound neuroprotective effect on PD. The results demonstrated that LIPUS treatment can attenuate the central neurotoxicity of MPTP in mice, reduce the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and decrease the apoptosis in the section of substantia nigra. The movement and balance dysfunctions in PD mice were improved with LIPUS treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that LIPUS can inhibit the decreased activity and increased apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons induced by MPP+, restrain the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential caused by MPP+. Moreover, LIPUS stimulation alone did not cause any cytotoxicity and tissue damage in our study. Taken together, the protective and regulatory effects of LIPUS on dopaminergic neurons make it possible as a new, safe and noninvasive treatment for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Chen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR, China
| | - Huan Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Nvjun Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Semaphorin3A increases M1-like microglia and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis after optic nerve injury. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:97. [PMID: 34039431 PMCID: PMC8157735 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanisms leading to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death after optic nerve injury have not been fully elucidated. Current evidence indicates that microglial activation and M1- and M2-like dynamics may be an important factor in RGC apoptosis after optic nerve crush (ONC). Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is a classic axonal guidance protein,which has been found to have a role in neuroinflammation processes. In this study, we investigated the contribution of microglial-derived Sema3A to progressive RGC apoptosis through regulating paradigm of M1- and M2-like microglia after ONC. Method
A mouse ONC model and a primary microglial-RGC co-culture system were used in the present study. The expression of M1- and M2-like microglial activation markers were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Histological and Western blot (WB) analyses were used to investigate the polarization patterns of microglia transitions and the levels of Sema3A. RGC apoptosis was investigated by TUNEL staining and caspase-3 detection. Results Levels of Sema3A in the mouse retina increased after ONC. Treatment of mice with the stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist PLX3397 resulted in a decrease of retinal microglia. The levels of CD16/32 (M1) were up-regulated at days 3 and 7 post-ONC. However, CD206 (M2) declined on day 7 after ONC. Exposure to anti-Sema3A antibodies (anti-Sema3A) resulted in a decrease in the number of M1-like microglia, an increase in the number of M2-like microglia, and the amelioration of RGC apoptosis. Conclusions An increase in microglia-derived Sema3A in the retina after ONC partially leads to a continuous increase of M1-like microglia and plays an important role in RGC apoptosis. Inhibition of Sema3A activity may be a novel approach to the prevention of RGC apoptosis after optic nerve injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-021-00603-7.
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de Lucas B, Pérez LM, Bernal A, Gálvez BG. Ultrasound Therapy: Experiences and Perspectives for Regenerative Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11091086. [PMID: 32957737 PMCID: PMC7563547 DOI: 10.3390/genes11091086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound has emerged as a novel tool for clinical applications, particularly in the context of regenerative medicine. Due to its unique physico-mechanical properties, low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) has been approved for accelerated fracture healing and for the treatment of established non-union, but its utility has extended beyond tissue engineering to other fields, including cell regeneration. Cells and tissues respond to acoustic ultrasound by switching on genetic repair circuits, triggering a cascade of molecular signals that promote cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation, and extracellular matrix production. LIUS also induces angiogenesis and tissue regeneration and has anti-inflammatory and anti-degenerative effects. Accordingly, the potential application of ultrasound for tissue repair/regeneration has been tested in several studies as a stand-alone treatment and, more recently, as an adjunct to cell-based therapies. For example, ultrasound has been proposed to improve stem cell homing to target tissues due to its ability to create a transitional and local gradient of cytokines and chemokines. In this review, we provide an overview of the many applications of ultrasound in clinical medicine, with a focus on its value as an adjunct to cell-based interventions. Finally, we discuss the various preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the potential of ultrasound for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz de Lucas
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (B.d.L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Laura M. Pérez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (B.d.L.); (L.M.P.)
| | - Aurora Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (B.d.L.); (L.M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Netrin1 deficiency activates MST1 via UNC5B receptor, promoting dopaminergic apoptosis in Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:24503-24513. [PMID: 32929029 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004087117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo (MST1/2) pathway plays a critical role in restricting tissue growth in adults and modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Netrin1, a secreted laminin-related protein, is essential for nervous system development. However, the mechanisms underlying MST1 regulation by the extrinsic signals remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Netrin1 reduction in Parkinson's disease (PD) activates MST1, which selectively binds and phosphorylates netrin receptor UNC5B on T428 residue, promoting its apoptotic activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. Netrin1 deprivation stimulates MST1 activation and interaction with UNC5B, diminishing YAP levels and escalating cell deaths. Knockout of UNC5B abolishes netrin depletion-induced dopaminergic loss, whereas blockade of MST1 phosphorylating UNC5B suppresses neuronal apoptosis. Remarkably, Netrin1 is reduced in PD patient brains, associated with MST1 activation and UNC5B T428 phosphorylation, which is accompanied by YAP reduction and apoptotic activation. Hence, Netrin1 regulates Hippo (MST1) pathway in dopaminergic neuronal loss in PD via UNC5B receptor.
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Yuan R, Yang M, Fan W, Lan J, Zhou YG. Paired Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B Inhibition in Müller Cells Promotes Neurite Regeneration After Retinal Ganglion Cell Injury in vitro. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:972-984. [PMID: 32445021 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00510-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), three types of myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) have major inhibitory effects on nerve regeneration. They include Nogo-A, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein. MAIs possess two co-receptors, Nogo receptor (NgR) and paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB). Previous studies have confirmed that the inhibition of NgR only results in a modest increase in regeneration in the CNS; however, the inhibitory effects of PirB with regard to nerve regeneration after binding to MAIs remain controversial. In this study, we demonstrated that PirB is expressed in primary cultures of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and the inhibitory effects of the three MAIs on the growth of RGC neurites are not significantly decreased after direct PirB knockdown using adenovirus PirB shRNA. Interestingly, we found that retinal Müller cells expressed PirB and that its knockdown enhanced the regeneration of co-cultured RGC neurites. PirB knockdown also activated the JAK/Stat3 signaling pathway in Müller cells and upregulated ciliary neurotrophic factor levels. These findings indicate that PirB plays a novel role in retinal Müller cells and that its action in these cells may indirectly affect the growth of RGC neurites. The results also reveal that PirB in Müller cells affects RGC neurite regeneration. Our findings provide a novel basis for the use of PirB as a target molecule to promote nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongdi Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.,The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuan-Guo Zhou
- The Molecular Biology Centre, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Integrin CD11b Deficiency Aggravates Retinal Microglial Activation and RGCs Degeneration After Acute Optic Nerve Injury. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1072-1085. [PMID: 32052258 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a vital role in the process of a variety of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) degenerative diseases including traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Retinal microglial activation is believed as a harbinger of TON, and robust microglial activation can aggravate trauma-induced RGCs degeneration, which ultimately leads to RGCs loss. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-triggered inflammation is of great importance in retinal inflammatory response after optic nerve injury. CD11b on macrophage and brain microglia can inhibit TLR4-triggered inflammation. However, the functional role of CD11b in retinal microglia is not well understood. Here, using an optic nerve crush model and CD11b gene deficient mice, we found that CD11b protein expression was mainly on retinal microglia, significantly increased after optic nerve injury, and still maintained at a high level till at least 28 days post crush. Compared with wild type mice, following acute optic nerve injury, CD11b deficient retinae exhibited more exacerbated microglial activation, accelerated RGCs degeneration, less growth associated protein-43 expression, as well as more proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α while less anti-inflammatory factors such as arginase-1 and interleukin-10 production. We conclude that CD11b is essential in regulating retinal microglial activation and neuroinflammatory responses after acute optic nerve injury, which is critical for subsequent RGCs degeneration and loss.
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Zhang Z, Liu W, Huang Y, Luo L, Cai X, Liu Y, Ai L, Yan J, Lin S, Ye J. NLRP3 Deficiency Attenuates Secondary Degeneration of Visual Cortical Neurons Following Optic Nerve Injury. Neurosci Bull 2019; 36:277-288. [PMID: 31768783 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00445-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the visual pathway, optic nerve (ON) injury may cause secondary degeneration of neurons in distal regions, such as the visual cortex. However, the role of the neuroinflammatory response in regulating secondary impairment in the visual cortex after ON injury remains unclear. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is an important regulator of neuroinflammation. In this study, we established a mouse model of unilateral ON crush (ONC) and showed that the expression of NLRP3 was significantly increased in the primary visual cortex (V1) as a response to ONC and that the NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in the contralateral V1 1 days-14 days after ONC. Ablation of the NLRP3 gene significantly decreased the trans-neuronal degeneration within 14 days. Visual electrophysiological function was improved in NLRP3-/- mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that NLRP3 is a potential therapeutic target for protecting visual cortical neurons against degeneration after ON injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liqianyu Ai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department 1, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Surgery and Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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25
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Liu W, Li X, Chen X, Zhang J, Luo L, Hu Q, Zhou J, Yan J, Lin S, Ye J. JIP1 Deficiency Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells From Apoptosis in a Rotenone-Induced Injury Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:225. [PMID: 31681759 PMCID: PMC6804425 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo apoptosis after injury. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) is a scaffold protein that is relevant to JNK activation and a key molecule known to regulate neuronal apoptosis. However, the specific role of JIP1 in the apoptosis of RGCs is currently undefined. Here, we used JIP1 gene knockout (KO) mice to investigate the importance of JIP1-JNK signaling in the apoptosis of RGCs in a rotenone-induced injury model. In adult JIP1 KO mice, the number and electrophysiological functions of RGCs were not different from those of wild-type (WT) mice. Ablation of JIP1 attenuated the activation of JNK and the cleavage of caspase-3 in the retina after rotenone injury and contributed to a lower number of TUNEL-positive RGCs, a greater percentage of surviving RGCs, and a significant reduction in the electrophysiological functional loss of RGCs when compared to those in WT controls. We also found that JIP1 was located in the neurites of primary RGCs, but accumulated in soma in response to rotenone treatment. Moreover, the number of TUNEL-positive RGCs, the level of activation of JNK and the rate of cleavage of caspase-3 were reduced in primary JIP1-deficient RGCs after rotenone injury than in WT controls. Together, our results demonstrate that the JIP1-mediated activation of JNK contributes to the apoptosis of RGCs in a rotenone-induced injury model in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that JIP1 may be a potential therapeutic target for RGC degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiumei Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department 1, Research Institute of Surgery & Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang X, Zhu J, Chen X, Jie-Qiong Z, Li X, Luo L, Huang H, Liu W, Zhou X, Yan J, Lin S, Ye J. Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Deficiency Induces Age-Related Alterations of the Retina in Young and Old Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:272. [PMID: 31281243 PMCID: PMC6596281 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in visual function and retina structure are very common in aged animals, but the underlying mechanisms of these changes remain unclear. Here we report that the expression of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), a critical immune regulatory factor, is dramatically down-regulated in mouse retinas during aging. To address the role of IRF3 in the retina, we examined the structure and function of retinas in young (3–4 months) and old (22–24 months) Irf3-/- mice in comparison to age-matched wildtype (WT) mice. We found that IRF3 deletion resulted in impaired electroretinogram (ERG) responses and decreased retinal thickness in both young and old mice. In addition, numerous synapses of the outer plexiform layer (OPL) were found obviously extending into outer nuclear layer (ONL) in Irf3-/- mice, along with a reduction of the average synapse density in the OPL. These changes suggest that IRF3 deletion may accelerate retinal senescence. In support of this hypothesis, a number of classic senescence-associated markers were found in remarkably elevated level in Irf3-/- retina, including p53, p16INK4a, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IREα), p-H2A.X and promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). Overall, our results indicate that maintenance normal IRF3 levels is necessary for retinal structure and function and suggest that IRF3 is an important regulator of retinal senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Jie-Qiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Surgery Research, Army Medical Center of PLA (Daping Hospital), Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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