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Seblani M, Ertlen C, Coyle T, Decherchi P, Brezun JM. Combined effect of trifluoperazine and sodium cromoglycate on reducing acute edema and limiting lasting functional impairments after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114612. [PMID: 37993080 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Edema formation is one of the very first events to occur after spinal cord injury (SCI) leading to an increase of the intrathecal pressure and consequently to serious spinal tissue and functional impairments. Current edema treatments are still symptomatic and/or non-specific. Since edema formation mechanisms are mainly described as vasogenic and cytotoxic, it becomes crucial to understand the interplay between these two subtypes. Acting on key targets to inhibit edema formation may reduce secondary damage and related functional impairments. In this study, we characterize the edema kinetic after T9-10 spinal contusion. We use trifluoperazine (TFP) to block the expression and the functional subcellular localization of aquaporin-4 supposed to be implicated in the cytotoxic edema formation. We also use sodium cromoglycate (SCG) to deactivate mast cell degranulation known to be implicated in the vasogenic edema formation. Our results show a significant reduction of edema after TFP treatment and after TFP-SCG combined treatment compared to control. This reduction is correlated with limited onset of initial sensorimotor impairments particularly after combined treatment. Our results highlight the importance of potential synergetic targets in early edema therapy after SCI as part of tissue sparing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Team "Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire" (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, F-13288 Marseille, Cedex 09, France.
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Gugliandolo E, Franco GA, Marino Y, Peritore AF, Impellizzeri D, Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Fusco R, D’Amico R, Macrì F, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R. Uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of dietary supplementation with micronized palmitoyl-glucosamine and hesperidin in a chronic model of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1327102. [PMID: 38249555 PMCID: PMC10797840 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Feline idiopathic cystitis is a common, chronic-relapsing disorder of the lower urinary tract. In addition to environmental modification/enrichment, long-term and safe treatment targeting specific pathophysiological changes may be of help. In this context, effective dietary interventions hold clinical promise. Palmitoyl-glucosamine (PGA) and hesperidin (HSP) are safe and authorized feed ingredients for animal nutrition under European regulations. Methods The current study aimed to investigate whether a 3:1 mixture of micronized PGA and HSP could represent a novel mechanism-oriented approach to chronic cystitis management. A newly validated rat model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced chronic cystitis was used (40 mg/kg, three intraperitoneal injections every 3rd day). Animals were randomized to orally receive either vehicle or PGA-HSP at a low (72 + 24 mg/kg) or high (doubled) dose for 13 days, starting 3 days before the chronic CYP protocol, with mesna (2-mercaptoethane-sulfonate) being used as a reference drug. Results Higher PGA-HSP dose was effective at relieving chronic visceral pain, as measured by mechanical allodynia test (von Frey test). The severity of cystitis was also significantly improved, as shown by the reduced sonographic thickening of the bladder wall, as well as the decrease in edema, bleeding and bladder to body weight ratio compared to the vehicle treated group. A significant decrease of MPO activity, MDA level and fibrosis at Masson's trichrome staining was also observed in animals administered PGA-HSP in comparison to vehicle treated ones. The CYP-induced increase in bladder mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also significantly counteracted by the study mixture. Moreover, CYP-induced bladder mast cell accumulation and releasability were significantly decreased by PGA-HSP (even at the low dose), as determined by metachromatic staining, chymase and tryptase immunostaining as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for histamine and 5-hydoxytriptamine. Discussion PGA-HSP is able to block CYP-induced decrease of tight junction proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, thus preserving the urothelial bladder function. Finally, neuroinflammatory changes were investigated, showing that dietary supplementation with PGA-HSP prevented the activation of neurons and non-neuronal cells (i.e., microglia, astrocytes and mast cells) at the spinal level, and counteracted CYP-induced increase of spinal mRNA encoding for pro-inflammatory cytokines. Altogether, the present findings confirm the uroprotective and pain-relieving effect of PGA-HSP and pave the way to potential and relevant clinical applications of the study supplement in feline idiopathic cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Cordaro
- BioMorf Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D’Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Chen Y, Qian Y. Peripheral surgery triggers mast cells activation: Focusing on neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114593. [PMID: 37499912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral surgery can lead to a systemic aseptic inflammatory response comprising several mediators aiming at restoring tissue homeostasis. It induces inflammatory mechanisms through neuroimmune interaction between the periphery and to brain which also plays a critical role in causing cognitive impairments. Accumulating scientific evidence revealed that acute neuroinflammation of the brain triggered by peripheral surgery that causes peripheral inflammation leads to transmitting signals into the brain through immune cells. Mast cells (MCs) play an important role in the acute neuroinflammation induced by peripheral surgical trauma. After peripheral surgery, brain-resident MCs can be rapidly activated followed by releasing histamine, tryptase, and other inflammatory mediators. These mediators then interact with other immune cells in the peripheral and amplify the signal into the brain by disrupting BBB and activating principle innate immune cells of brain including microglia, astrocytes, and vascular endothelial cells, which release abundant inflammatory mediators and in turn accelerate the activation of brain MCs, amplify the cascade effect of neuroinflammatory response. Surgical stress may induce HPA axis activation by releasing corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) subsequently influence the activation of brain MCs, thus resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity. Herein, we discuss the better understating of MCs mediated neuroinflammation mechanisms after peripheral surgery and potential therapeutic targets for controlling inflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Yun HD, Goel Y, Gupta K. Crosstalk of Mast Cells and Natural Killer Cells with Neurons in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12543. [PMID: 37628724 PMCID: PMC10454469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major comorbidity of cancer. Multiple clinical interventions have been studied to effectively treat CIPN, but the results have been disappointing, with no or little efficacy. Hence, understanding the pathophysiology of CIPN is critical to improving the quality of life and clinical outcomes of cancer patients. Although various mechanisms of CIPN have been described in neuropathic anti-cancer agents, the neuroinflammatory process involving cytotoxic/proinflammatory immune cells remains underexamined. While mast cells (MCs) and natural killer (NK) cells are the key innate immune compartments implicated in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy, their role in CIPN has remained under-appreciated. Moreover, the biology of proinflammatory cytokines associated with MCs and NK cells in CIPN is particularly under-evaluated. In this review, we will focus on the interactions between MCs, NK cells, and neuronal structure and their communications via proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6, in peripheral neuropathy in association with tumor immunology. This review will help lay the foundation to investigate MCs, NK cells, and cytokines to advance future therapeutic strategies for CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Don Yun
- Hematology, Oncology, Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (Y.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Yugal Goel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (Y.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (Y.G.); (K.G.)
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Msallam R, Redegeld FA. Mast cells-fetal mast cells crosstalk with maternal interfaces during pregnancy: Friend or foe? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13943. [PMID: 37102389 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are hematopoietic immune cells that play a major role during allergic reactions in adults by releasing a myriad of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators. MC seed all vascularized tissues and are most prominent in organs with a barrier function such as skin, lungs, and intestines. These secreted molecules cause mild symptoms such as localized itchiness and sneezing to life-threatening symptoms (i.e., anaphylactic shock). Presently, despite the extensive research on Th2-mediated immune responses in allergic diseases in adults, we are still unable to determine the mechanisms of the role of MC in developing pediatric allergic (PA) disorders. In this review, we will summarize the most recent findings on the origin of MC and discuss the underappreciated contribution of MC in the sensitization phase to maternal antibodies during pregnancy in allergic reactions and other diseases such as infectious diseases. Then, we will lay out potential MC-dependent therapeutic strategies to be considered in future investigations to understand the remaining gaps in MC research for a better quality of life for these young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Msallam
- Next Gen of Immunology (NGIg) Consultancy, Dubai, UAE
| | - Frank A Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Xu X, Wang J, Guo X, Chen Y, Ding S, Zou G, Zhu L, Li T, Zhang X. GPR30-mediated non-classic estrogen pathway in mast cells participates in endometriosis pain via the production of FGF2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1106771. [PMID: 36845134 PMCID: PMC9945179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is one of the main clinical symptoms of endometriosis, but its underlying mechanism is still not clear. Recent studies have shown that the secretory mediators of mast cells activated by estrogen are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis-related pain, but how estrogen-induced mast cell mediators are involved in endometriosis-related pain remains unclear. Here, mast cells were found to be increased in the ovarian endometriotic lesions of patients. They were also closely located closely to the nerve fibers in the ovarian endometriotic lesions from of patients with pain symptoms. Moreover, fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-positive mast cells were upregulated in endometriotic lesions. The concentration of FGF2 in ascites and the protein level of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) were higher in patients with endometriosis than in those without endometriosis, and they were correlated with pain symptoms. In vitro, estrogen could promote the secretion of FGF2 through G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) via the MEK/ERK pathway in rodent mast cells. Estrogen-stimulated mast cells enhanced the concentration of FGF2 in endometriotic lesions and aggravated endometriosis-related pain in vivo. Targeted inhibition of the FGF2 receptor significantly restrained the neurite outgrowth and calcium influx in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. Administration of FGFR1 inhibitor remarkably elevated the mechanical pain threshold (MPT) and prolonged the heat source latency (HSL) in a rat model of endometriosis. These results suggested that the up-regulated production of FGF2 by mast cells through non-classic estrogen receptor GPR30 plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyue Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichen Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Gyneclogy, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaojie Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libo Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Xinmei Zhang,
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Ultramicronized N-Palmitoylethanolamine Regulates Mast Cell-Astrocyte Crosstalk: A New Potential Mechanism Underlying the Inhibition of Morphine Tolerance. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020233. [PMID: 36830602 PMCID: PMC9953591 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent pain can be managed with opioids, but their use is limited by the onset of tolerance. Ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) in vivo delays morphine tolerance with mechanisms that are still unclear. Since glial cells are involved in opioid tolerance and mast cells (MCs) are pivotal targets of PEA, we hypothesized that a potential mechanism by which PEA delays opioid tolerance might depend on the control of the crosstalk between these cells. Morphine treatment (30 μM, 30 min) significantly increased MC degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells, which was prevented by pre-treatment with PEA (100 μM, 18 h), as evaluated by β-hexosaminidase assay and histamine quantification. The impact of RBL-2H3 secretome on glial cells was studied. Six-hour incubation of astrocytes with control RBL-2H3-conditioned medium, and even more so co-incubation with morphine, enhanced CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, Serpina3n, EAAT2 and GFAP mRNA levels. The response was significantly prevented by the secretome from PEA pre-treated RBL-2H3, except for GFAP, which was further upregulated, suggesting a selective modulation of glial signaling. In conclusion, ultramicronized PEA down-modulated both morphine-induced MC degranulation and the expression of inflammatory and pain-related genes from astrocytes challenged with RBL-2H3 medium, suggesting that PEA may delay morphine tolerance, regulating MC-astrocyte crosstalk.
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Tanaka M, Zhang Y. Preclinical Studies of Posttraumatic Headache and the Potential Therapeutics. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010155. [PMID: 36611947 PMCID: PMC9818317 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic headache (PTH) attributed to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a secondary headache developed within 7 days after head injury, and in a substantial number of patients PTH becomes chronic and lasts for more than 3 months. Current medications are almost entirely relied on the treatment of primary headache such as migraine, due to its migraine-like phenotype and the limited understanding on the PTH pathogenic mechanisms. To this end, increasing preclinical studies have been conducted in the last decade. We focus in this review on the trigeminovascular system from the animal studies since it provides the primary nociceptive sensory afferents innervating the head and face region, and the pathological changes in the trigeminal pathway are thought to play a key role in the development of PTH. In addition to the pathologies, PTH-like behaviors induced by TBI and further exacerbated by nitroglycerin, a general headache inducer through vasodilation are reviewed. We will overview the current pharmacotherapies including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibody and sumatriptan in the PTH animal models. Given that modulation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system has been well-documented in the treatment of migraine and TBI, the therapeutic potential of eCB in PTH will also be discussed.
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Babina M, Franke K, Bal G. How "Neuronal" Are Human Skin Mast Cells? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810871. [PMID: 36142795 PMCID: PMC9505265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are evolutionarily old cells and the principal effectors in allergic responses and inflammation. They are seeded from the yolk sac during embryogenesis or are derived from hematopoietic progenitors and are therefore related to other leukocyte subsets, even though they form a separate clade in the hematopoietic system. Herein, we systematically bundle information from several recent high-throughput endeavors, especially those comparing MCs with other cell types, and combine such information with knowledge on the genes’ functions to reveal groups of neuronal markers specifically expressed by MCs. We focus on recent advances made regarding human tissue MCs, but also refer to studies in mice. In broad terms, genes hyper-expressed in MCs, but largely inactive in other myelocytes, can be classified into subcategories such as traffic/lysosomes (MLPH and RAB27B), the dopamine system (MAOB, DRD2, SLC6A3, and SLC18A2), Ca2+-related entities (CALB2), adhesion molecules (L1CAM and NTM) and, as an overall principle, the transcription factors and modulators of transcriptional activity (LMO4, PBX1, MEIS2, and EHMT2). Their function in MCs is generally unknown but may tentatively be deduced by comparison with other systems. MCs share functions with the nervous system, as they express typical neurotransmitters (histamine and serotonin) and a degranulation machinery that shares features with the neuronal apparatus at the synapse. Therefore, selective overlaps are plausible, and they further highlight the uniqueness of MCs within the myeloid system, as well as when compared with basophils. Apart from investigating their functional implications in MCs, a key question is whether their expression in the lineage is due to the specific reactivation of genes normally silenced in leukocytes or whether the genes are not switched off during mastocytic development from early progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Babina
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristin Franke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gürkan Bal
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology IA, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Allergology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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Interplay between Mast Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Immune-Mediated Cholangiopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115872. [PMID: 35682552 PMCID: PMC9180565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-mediated cholangiopathies are characterised by the destruction of small and large bile ducts causing bile acid stasis, which leads to subsequent inflammation, fibrosis, and eventual cirrhosis of the liver tissue. A breakdown of peripheral hepatic immune tolerance is a key feature of these diseases. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a major anti-inflammatory immune cell subset, and their quantities and functional capacity are impaired in autoimmune liver diseases. Tregs can undergo phenotypic reprogramming towards pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 profiles. The inflamed hepatic microenvironment influences and can impede normal Treg suppressive functions. Mast cell (MC) infiltration increases during liver inflammation, and active MCs have been shown to be an important source of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus driving pathogenesis. By influencing the microenvironment, MCs can indirectly manipulate Treg functions and inhibit their suppressive and proliferative activity. In addition, direct cell-to-cell interactions have been identified between MCs and Tregs. It is critical to consider the effects of MCs on the inflammatory milieu of the liver and their influence on Treg functions. This review will focus on the roles and crosstalk of Tregs and MCs during autoimmune cholangiopathy pathogenesis progression.
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Kolkhir P, Pyatilova P, Ashry T, Jiao Q, Abad-Perez AT, Altrichter S, Vera Ayala CE, Church MK, He J, Lohse K, Metz M, Scheffel J, Türk M, Frischbutter S, Maurer M. Mast cells, cortistatin, and its receptor, MRGPRX2, are linked to the pathogenesis of chronic prurigo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1998-2009.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Qian J, Tu H, Zhang D, Barksdale AN, Patel KP, Wadman MC, Li YL. Therapeutic effects of masitinib on abnormal mechanoreception in a mouse model of tourniquet-induced extremity ischemia-reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174549. [PMID: 34619116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tourniquets are widely used to stop extremity hemorrhage, but their use and subsequent release can result in nerve damage and degeneration, leading to neurological deficits. Increasing evidence has suggested a pivotal role of inflammation in nerve damage and abnormal mechanoreception. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of masitinib (Mas), an anti-neuroinflammatory drug, on the mechanoreception of sensory neurons in a mouse model of tourniquet-induced hind paw ischemia-reperfusion (tourniquet/IR). C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 3 h of ischemia by placing a rubber band at the ankle joint and evaluated for subsequent reperfusion injury on day 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 based on the experiments. Treatment with Mas (28 mg/kg/day, i.p.) began on the day of IR induction and lasted for 1, 3, 7, 14, or 28 days. Tourniquet/IR caused sensory nerve denervation in the skin of paw pads and abolished the hind paw mechanoreception to mechanical stimulation during the first 3 days of reperfusion. Sensory nerves gradually reinnervated in the skin of paw pads and allodynia began to appear on day 7. The maximum reaction occurred on day 14 and was maintained throughout the study period. Treatment with Mas mitigated nerve damage and improved hind paw mechanoreception to mechanical stimulation by decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the early stages of tourniquet/IR. Mas also alleviated allodynia and decreased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) in the skin of paw pads from days 7-28. Our data suggest that treatment with Mas significantly ameliorated paw numbness and allodynia in mouse hind paw tourniquet/IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Qian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Aaron N Barksdale
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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14
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Neuron‒Mast Cell Cross-Talk in the Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:841-848. [PMID: 34753621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin-resident mast cells (MCs) and cutaneous sensory neurons both play crucial roles in microbial‒host defense and inflammatory diseases. MCs can be directly activated by pathogens or their products, resulting in the release of numerous mediators that promote innate immune responses and also activate sensory neurons. Cutaneous sensory neurons can also directly detect the presence of pathogens, resulting in the release of neuropeptides that modulate MC function. In this review, we will focus on the reciprocal interactions between cutaneous sensory neurons and MCs and the importance of this cross-talk in skin diseases.
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15
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Martínez-Gopar PE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Garduño-Gutierrez R, Tristán-López L, Angeles-López QD, González-Espinosa C, Pérez-Severiano F. Mast cells and histamine are involved in the neuronal damage observed in a quinolinic acid-induced model of Huntington's disease. J Neurochem 2021; 160:256-270. [PMID: 34665461 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Huntington´s disease (HD) is a pathological condition that can be studied in mice by the administration of quinolinic acid (QUIN), an agonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) that induces NMDAR-mediated cytotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Mast cells (MCs) participate in numerous inflammatory processes through the release of important amounts of histamine (HA). In this study, we aimed to characterize the participation of MCs and HA in the establishment of neural and oxidative damage in the QUIN-induced model of HD. C57BL6/J mice (WT), MC-deficient c-KitW-sh/W-sh (Wsh) mice and Wsh mice reconstituted by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 5 × 105 bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs), or i.c.v. administered with HA (5 µg) were used. All groups of animals were intrastriatally injected with 1 µL QUIN (30 nmol/µL) and 3 days later, apomorphine-induced circling behavior, striatal GABA levels and the number of Fluoro-Jade positive cells, as indicators of neuronal damage, were determined. Also, lipid peroxidation (LP) and reactive oxygen species production (ROS), as markers of oxidative damage, were analyzed. Wsh mice showed less QUIN-induced neuronal and oxidative damage than WT and Wsh-MC reconstituted animals. Histamine administration restored the QUIN-induced neuronal and oxidative damage in the non-reconstituted Wsh mice to levels equivalent or superior to those observed in WT mice. Our results demonstrate that MCs and HA participate in the neuronal and oxidative damages observed in mice subjected to the QUIN -induced model of Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Eliasib Martínez-Gopar
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Manzo
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - René Garduño-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Tristán-López
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Quetzalli Denisse Angeles-López
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Glutamate triggers the expression of functional ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors in mast cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2383-2392. [PMID: 32313211 PMCID: PMC8484602 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0421-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are emerging as players in the communication between peripheral nerve endings and cells of the immune system. However, it is not clear the mechanism by which mast cells communicate with peripheral nerves. We previously found that mast cells located within healing tendons can express glutamate receptors, raising the possibility that mast cells may be sensitive to glutamate signaling. To evaluate this hypothesis, we stimulated primary mast cells with glutamate and showed that glutamate induced the profound upregulation of a panel of glutamate receptors of both the ionotropic type (NMDAR1, NMDAR2A, and NMDAR2B) and the metabotropic type (mGluR2 and mGluR7) at both the mRNA and protein levels. The binding of glutamate to glutamate receptors on the mast cell surface was confirmed. Further, glutamate had extensive effects on gene expression in the mast cells, including the upregulation of pro-inflammatory components such as IL-6 and CCL2. Glutamate also induced the upregulation of transcription factors, including Egr2, Egr3 and, in particular, FosB. The extensive induction of FosB was confirmed by immunofluorescence assessment. Glutamate receptor antagonists abrogated the responses of the mast cells to glutamate, supporting the supposition of a functional glutamate-glutamate receptor axis in mast cells. Finally, we provide in vivo evidence supporting a functional glutamate-glutamate receptor axis in the mast cells of injured tendons. Together, these findings establish glutamate as an effector of mast cell function, thereby introducing a novel principle for how cells in the immune system can communicate with nerve cells.
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17
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Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Players in Intercellular Communication: Relevance in Mast Cell-Mediated Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179176. [PMID: 34502083 PMCID: PMC8431297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are major effector cells in eliciting allergic responses. They also play a significant role in establishing innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in modulating tumor growth. Mast cells can be activated upon engagement of the high-affinity receptor FcεRI with specific IgE to multivalent antigens or in response to several FcεRI-independent mechanisms. Upon stimulation, mast cells secrete various preformed and newly synthesized mediators. Emerging evidence indicates their ability to be a rich source of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, which convey biological functions. Mast cell-derived EVs can interact with and affect other cells located nearby or at distant sites and modulate inflammation, allergic response, and tumor progression. Mast cells are also affected by EVs derived from other cells in the immune system or in the tumor microenvironment, which may activate mast cells to release different mediators. In this review, we summarize the latest data regarding the ability of mast cells to release or respond to EVs and their role in allergic responses, inflammation, and tumor progression. Understanding the release, composition, and uptake of EVs by cells located near to or at sites distant from mast cells in a variety of clinical conditions, such as allergic inflammation, mastocytosis, and lung cancer will contribute to developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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18
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Uhelski ML, Li Y, Fonseca MM, Romero-Snadoval EA, Dougherty PM. Role of innate immunity in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 755:135941. [PMID: 33961945 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the innate immune system plays an essential role in the generation of many types of neuropathic pain including that which accompanies cancer treatment. In this article we review current findings of the role of the innate immune system in contributing to cancer treatment pain at the distal endings of peripheral nerve, in the nerve trunk, in the dorsal root ganglion and in the spinal dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Uhelski
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Yan Li
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- The Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Patrick M Dougherty
- The Department of Pain Medicine Research, The Division of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
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19
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Mast cell tryptases in allergic inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:94-106. [PMID: 33932709 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated mast cell-mediated inflammation and/or activation have been linked to a number of human diseases, including asthma, anaphylaxis, chronic spontaneous urticaria, and mast cell activation syndromes. As a major mast cell granule protein, tryptase is a biomarker commonly used in clinical practice to diagnose mast cell-associated disorders and -mediated reactions, but its mechanistic roles in disease pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of human tryptase genetics and the effects that different genetic composition may have on the quaternary structure of tetrameric mature tryptases. We also discuss how these differences may impact clinical phenotypes including allergic inflammation, immediate hypersensitivity, and others seen in patients with mast cell-associated disorders. With the increased application of next-generation sequencing, we foresee that human genetic approaches will be a major focus of understanding human tryptase functions in various human mast cell disorders and in new therapeutic development.
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20
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Bhuiyan P, Chen Y, Karim M, Dong H, Qian Y. Bidirectional communication between mast cells and the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: Avenues for therapeutic intervention. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:61-78. [PMID: 33892083 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has been steadily increasing, especially in adults, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. Neurodegeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., mast cells and microglia) and subsequent neuroinflammation. Mast cells are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and play a role in "tuning" neuroimmune responses. The complex bidirectional communication between mast cells and gut microbiota coordinates various dynamic neuro-cellular responses, which propagates neuronal impulses from the gastrointestinal tract into the CNS. Numerous inflammatory mediators from degranulated mast cells alter intestinal gut permeability and disrupt blood-brain barrier, which results in the promotion of neuroinflammatory processes leading to neurological disorders, thereby offsetting the balance in immune-surveillance. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that gut-microbiota exert a pivotal role in inflammatory signaling through the activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Communication between inflammatory cytokines and neurocircuits via the gut-brain axis (GBA) affects behavioral responses, activates mast cells and microglia that causes neuroinflammation, which is associated with neurological diseases. In this comprehensive review, we focus on what is currently known about mast cells and the gut-brain axis relationship, and how this relationship is connected to neurodegenerative diseases. We hope that further elucidating the bidirectional communication between mast cells and the GBA will not only stimulate future research on neurodegenerative diseases but will also identify new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Mazharul Karim
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Science, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
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21
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McCullough RW. Barrier therapies supporting the biology of the mucosal barrier-medical devices for common clinical mucosal disorders. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33409409 PMCID: PMC7724181 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2020.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently mucosal barrier therapies have been either CE marked or licensed by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices. A barrier therapy (BT) uses a physical non-drug mode of action as its sole mechanism to manage a clinical syndrome. A BT is verified as technically or biologically safe having efficacy that has been proven by valid clinical trials. However, it remains unclear what anatomical portions of the mucosa are physically engaged by any given BT. Therefore, this article clarifies the physical basis for clinical efficacy of any given mucosal BT's. Current regulatory classification of medical devices is defined. More importantly, the biology of mucosal barrier is detailed by structure, compartmental elements and function. A live-function or cross-sectional anatomical perspective of the mucosa is provided. A cross-sectional anatomical perspective of the mucosa is provided in order to highlight the physical point of contact for any given mucosal BT's. Five traits of an effective mucosal BT are proposed to assess traits of fitness for any given BT. A BT is either classical, possessing four to five traits, or non-classical, possessing three or fewer traits. Among 16 commercially available mucosal BT's which share nine distinct formulations, most are non-classical BT while two (alginate and polymeric sucralfate) are classical mucosal BT's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky W McCullough
- Translational Medicine Clinic and Research Center at Storrs, Storrs, CT, USA
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22
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Signal Transduction Pathways Activated by Innate Immunity in Mast Cells: Translating Sensing of Changes into Specific Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112411. [PMID: 33158024 PMCID: PMC7693401 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) constitute an essential cell lineage that participates in innate and adaptive immune responses and whose phenotype and function are influenced by tissue-specific conditions. Their mechanisms of activation in type I hypersensitivity reactions have been the subject of multiple studies, but the signaling pathways behind their activation by innate immunity stimuli are not so well described. Here, we review the recent evidence regarding the main molecular elements and signaling pathways connecting the innate immune receptors and hypoxic microenvironment to cytokine synthesis and the secretion of soluble or exosome-contained mediators in this cell type. When known, the positive and negative control mechanisms of those pathways are presented, together with their possible implications for the understanding of mast cell-driven chronic inflammation. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the knowledge about signaling in this cell type in the recognition of MCs as central elements on innate immunity, whose remarkable plasticity converts them in sensors of micro-environmental discontinuities and controllers of tissue homeostasis.
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23
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Frank MG, Baratta MV, Zhang K, Fallon IP, Pearson MA, Liu G, Hutchinson MR, Watkins LR, Goldys EM, Maier SF. Acute stress induces the rapid and transient induction of caspase-1, gasdermin D and release of constitutive IL-1β protein in dorsal hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 90:70-80. [PMID: 32750541 PMCID: PMC7544655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β plays a pivotal role in the behavioral manifestations (i.e., sickness) of the stress response. Indeed, exposure to acute and chronic stressors induces the expression of IL-1β in stress-sensitive brain regions. Thus, it is typically presumed that exposure to stressors induces the extra-cellular release of IL-1β in the brain parenchyma. However, this stress-evoked neuroimmune phenomenon has not been directly demonstrated nor has the cellular process of IL-1β release into the extracellular milieu been characterized in brain. This cellular process involves a form of inflammatory cell death, termed pyroptosis, which involves: 1) activation of caspase-1, 2) caspase-1 maturation of IL-1β, 3) caspase-1 cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and 4) GSDMD-induced permeability of the cell membrane through which IL-1β is released into the extracellular space. Thus, the present study examined whether stress induces the extra-cellular release of IL-1β and engages the above cellular process in mediating IL-1β release in the brain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to inescapable tailshock (IS). IL-1β extra-cellular release, caspase-1 activity and cleavage of GSDMD were measured in dorsal hippocampus. We found that exposure to IS induced a transient increase in the release of IL-1β into the extracellular space immediately after termination of the stressor. IS also induced a transient increase in caspase-1 activity prior to IL-1β release, while activation of GSDMD was observed immediately after termination of the stressor. IS also increased mRNA and protein expression of the ESCRTIII protein CHMP4B, which is involved in cellular repair. The present results suggest that exposure to an acute stressor induces the hallmarks of pyroptosis in brain, which might serve as a key cellular process involved in the release of IL-1β into the extracellular milieu of the brain parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO;,Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, Campus Box 603, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA, Tel: +1-303-919-8116,
| | - Michael V. Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia;,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Isabella P. Fallon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Mikayleigh A. Pearson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;,International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mark R. Hutchinson
- Adelaide Medical School & ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
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24
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Auguste M, Balbi T, Ciacci C, Canesi L. Conservation of Cell Communication Systems in Invertebrate Host-Defence Mechanisms: Possible Role in Immunity and Disease. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E234. [PMID: 32824821 PMCID: PMC7464772 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity is continuously revealing multiple and highly conserved host-defence mechanisms. Studies on mammalian immunocytes are showing different communication systems that may play a role in coordinating innate immune responses also in invertebrates. Extracellular traps (ETs) are an immune response by which cells release net-like material, including DNA, histones and proteins. ETs are thought to immobilise and kill microorganisms, but are also involved in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Immune cells are also known to communicate through extracellular vesicles secreted in the extracellular environment or exosomes, which can carry a variety of different signalling molecules. Tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) represent a direct cell-to-cell communication over a long distance, that allow for bi- or uni-directional transfer of cellular components between cells. Their functional role in a number of physio-pathological processes, including immune responses and pathogen transfer, has been underlined. Although ETs, exosomes, and TNTs have been described in invertebrate species, their possible role in immune responses is not fully understood. In this work, available data on these communication systems are summarised, in an attempt to provide basic information for further studies on their relevance in invertebrate immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (M.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Teresa Balbi
- Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (M.A.); (T.B.)
| | - Caterina Ciacci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DIBS), University “Carlo Bo” of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (M.A.); (T.B.)
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25
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Coll RC, Vargas PM, Mariani ML, Penissi AB. Natural α,β-unsaturated lactones inhibit neuropeptide-induced mast cell activation in an in vitro model of neurogenic inflammation. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:1039-1051. [PMID: 32666125 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01380-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mast cells are involved in not only inducing, but also maintaining neurogenic inflammation and neuropathic pain. In previous work, we have demonstrated that dehydroleucodine, xanthatin and 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one inhibit rat peritoneal and human LAD2 mast cell degranulation induced by compound 48/80 and calcium ionophore A23187. However, the effect of these molecules on neuropeptide-induced mast cell activation has not been studied so far. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether dehydroleucodine, xanthatin, and 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one inhibit neuropeptide-induced mast cell activation. METHODS This work is based on in vitro simulation of a neurogenic inflammation scenario involving neuropeptides and mast cells, to subsequently analyze potential therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain. RESULTS Neuromedin-N did not stimulate mast cell serotonin release but substance P and neurotensin did induce serotonin release from peritoneal mast cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mast cell serotonin release induced by substance P and neurotensin was inhibited by dehydroleucodine and xanthatin, but not by 3-benzyloxymethyl-5H-furan-2-one. The inhibitory potency of dehydroleucodine and xanthatin was higher than that obtained with the reference compounds, ketotifen and sodium chromoglycate, when mast cells were preincubated with dehydroleucodine before substance P incubation, and with dehydroleucodine or xanthatin before neurotensin incubation. CONCLUSIONS These results are the first strong evidence supporting the hypothesis that dehydroleucodine and xanthatin inhibit substance P- and neurotensin-induced serotonin release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Our findings suggest, additionally, that these α,β-unsaturated lactones could be of value in future pharmacological research related to inappropriate mast cell activation conditions such as neurogenic inflammation and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Coll
- Instituto de Histología Y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56. (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia María Vargas
- Instituto de Histología Y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56. (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Laura Mariani
- Instituto de Histología Y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56. (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Alicia Beatriz Penissi
- Instituto de Histología Y Embriología "Dr. Mario H. Burgos" (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56. (5500), Mendoza, Argentina.
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Telegin GB, Chernov AS, Konovalov NA, Belogurov AA, Balmasova IP, Gabibov AG. Cytokine Profile As a Marker of Cell Damage and Immune Dysfunction after Spinal Cord Injury. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:92-101. [PMID: 33173599 PMCID: PMC7604889 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reviews the findings of recent experiments designed to investigate the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury. The role played by key cytokines in eliciting the cellular response to trauma was assessed. The results of the specific immunopathogenetic interaction between the nervous and immune systems in the immediate and chronic post-traumatic periods are summarized. It was demonstrated that it is reasonable to use the step-by-step approach to the assessment of the cytokine profile after a spinal cord injury and take into account the combination of the pathogenetic and protective components in implementing the regulatory effects of individual cytokines and their integration into the regenerative processes in the injured spinal cord. This allows one to rationally organize treatment and develop novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Telegin
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - A. S. Chernov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Russia
| | - N. A. Konovalov
- N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery, RF Health Ministry, Moscow, 125047 Russia
| | - A. A. Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - I. P. Balmasova
- Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry of Russia’s Ministry of Health, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - A. G. Gabibov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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Mast Cell Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Tight Junction Protein Derangement in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:4243953. [PMID: 32684835 PMCID: PMC7333064 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4243953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the major health problems worldwide that causes death or permanent disability through primary and secondary damages in the brain. TBI causes primary brain damage and activates glial cells and immune and inflammatory cells, including mast cells in the brain associated with neuroinflammatory responses that cause secondary brain damage. Though the survival rate and the neurological deficiencies have shown significant improvement in many TBI patients with newer therapeutic options, the underlying pathophysiology of TBI-mediated neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunctions is understudied. In this study, we analyzed mast cells and neuroinflammation in weight drop-induced TBI. We analyzed mast cell activation by toluidine blue staining, serum chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), a mast cell and inflammation-associated protein, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and blood-brain barrier tight junction-associated claudin 5 and Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression in the brains of TBI mice. Mast cell activation and its numbers increased in the brains of 24 h and 72 h TBI when compared with sham control brains without TBI. Mouse brains after TBI show increased CCL2, PAR-2, and VEGFR2 expression and derangement of claudin 5 and ZO-1 expression as compared with sham control brains. TBI can cause mast cell activation, neuroinflammation, and derangement of tight junction proteins associated with increased BBB permeability. We suggest that inhibition of mast cell activation can suppress neuroimmune responses and glial cell activation-associated neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in TBI.
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Kempuraj D, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Thangavel R, Raikwar SP, Zaheer SA, Iyer SS, Burton C, James D, Zaheer A. Psychological Stress-Induced Immune Response and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease in Veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom. Clin Ther 2020; 42:974-982. [PMID: 32184013 PMCID: PMC7308186 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychological stress is a significant health problem in veterans and their family members. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stress lead to the onset, progression, and worsening of several inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases in veterans and civilians. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, irreversible neuroinflammatory disease that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior. TBIs and chronic psychological stress cause and accelerate the pathology of neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD. However, the precise molecular and cellular mechanisms governing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are currently unknown, especially in veterans. The purpose of this review article was to advance the hypothesis that stress and TBI-mediated immune response substantially contribute and accelerate the pathogenesis of AD in veterans and their close family members and civilians. METHODS The information in this article was collected and interpreted from published articles in PubMed between 1985 and 2020 using the key words stress, psychological stress, Afghanistan war, Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), Iraq War, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Operation New Dawn (OND), traumatic brain injury, mast cell and stress, stress and neuroimmune response, stress and Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease. FINDINGS Chronic psychological stress and brain injury induce the generation and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptide, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and phosphorylation of tau in the brain, thereby contributing to AD pathogenesis. Active military personnel and veterans are under enormous psychological stress due to various war-related activities, including TBIs, disabilities, fear, new environmental conditions, lack of normal life activities, insufficient communications, explosions, military-related noise, and health hazards. Brain injury, stress, mast cell, and other immune cell activation can induce headache, migraine, dementia, and upregulate neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in veterans of Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn. TBIs, posttraumatic stress disorder, psychological stress, pain, glial activation, and dementia in active military personnel, veterans, or their family members can cause AD several years later in their lives. We suggest that there are increasing numbers of veterans with TBIs and stress and that these veterans may develop AD late in life if no appropriate therapeutic intervention is available. IMPLICATIONS Per these published reports, the fact that TBIs and psychological stress can accelerate the pathogenesis of AD should be recognized. Active military personnel, veterans, and their close family members should be evaluated regularly for stress symptoms to prevent the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ramasamy Thangavel
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sudhanshu P Raikwar
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Smita A Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Asgar Zaheer
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Alim MA, Peterson M, Pejler G. Do Mast Cells Have a Role in Tendon Healing and Inflammation? Cells 2020; 9:cells9051134. [PMID: 32375419 PMCID: PMC7290807 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the links between the tendon healing process, inflammatory mechanisms, and tendon homeostasis/pain after tissue damage is crucial in developing novel therapeutics for human tendon disorders. The inflammatory mechanisms that are operative in response to tendon injury are not fully understood, but it has been suggested that inflammation occurring in response to nerve signaling, i.e., neurogenic inflammation, has a pathogenic role. The mechanisms driving such neurogenic inflammation are presently not clear. However, it has recently been demonstrated that mast cells present within the injured tendon can express glutamate receptors, raising the possibility that mast cells may be sensitive to glutamate signaling and thereby modulate neurogenic inflammation following tissue injury. In this review, we discuss the role of mast cells in the communication with peripheral nerves, and their emerging role in tendon healing and inflammation after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (G.P.)
| | - Magnus Peterson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, General Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden;
- Academic Primary Health Care, Region Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (G.P.)
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Grundy L, Caldwell A, Garcia Caraballo S, Erickson A, Schober G, Castro J, Harrington AM, Brierley SM. Histamine induces peripheral and central hypersensitivity to bladder distension via the histamine H1 receptor and TRPV1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F298-F314. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00435.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a common chronic pelvic disorder with sensory symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency, and pain, indicating a key role for hypersensitivity of bladder-innervating sensory neurons. The inflammatory mast cell mediator histamine has long been implicated in IC/BPS, yet the direct interactions between histamine and bladder afferents remain unclear. In the present study, we show, using a mouse ex vivo bladder afferent preparation, that intravesical histamine enhanced the mechanosensitivity of subpopulations of afferents to bladder distension. Histamine also recruited “silent afferents” that were previously unresponsive to bladder distension. Furthermore, in vivo intravesical histamine enhanced activation of dorsal horn neurons within the lumbosacral spinal cord, indicating increased afferent signaling in the central nervous system. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed significant expression of histamine receptor subtypes ( Hrh1– Hrh3) in mouse lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRG), bladder detrusor smooth muscle, mucosa, and isolated urothelial cells. In DRG, Hrh1 was the most abundantly expressed. Acute histamine exposure evoked Ca2+ influx in select populations of DRG neurons but did not elicit calcium transients in isolated primary urothelial cells. Histamine-induced mechanical hypersensitivity ex vivo was abolished in the presence of the histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine and was not present in preparations from mice lacking transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Together, these results indicate that histamine enhances the sensitivity of bladder afferents to distension via interactions with histamine H1 receptor and TRPV1. This hypersensitivity translates to increased sensory input and activation in the spinal cord, which may underlie the symptoms of bladder hypersensitivity and pain experienced in IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ashlee Caldwell
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sonia Garcia Caraballo
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andelain Erickson
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gudrun Schober
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joel Castro
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea M. Harrington
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Brierley
- Visceral Pain Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Wang L, Wang YJ, Hao D, Wen X, Du D, He G, Jiang X. The Theranostics Role of Mast Cells in the Pathophysiology of Rosacea. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:324. [PMID: 32047752 PMCID: PMC6997331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder that adversely affects patient's health and quality of life due to the complex course and the need for repeated treatment. The exact molecular mechanisms of rosacea are unclear. Mast cells are innate immune cells that can be found in virtually all tissues. Recently, increasing evidence has indicated that mast cells have important effects on the pathogenesis of rosacea. In this review article, we describe recent advances of skin mast cells in the development of rosacea. These studies suggested that mast cells can be an important immune cell that connected innate immunity, nerves, and blood vessels in the development of rosacea. Moreover, we review the inhibition of mast cells for the potential treatment of rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Hao
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gu He
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Cordaro M, Siracusa R, Impellizzeri D, D' Amico R, Peritore AF, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E, Fusco R, Di Paola R, Schievano C, Cuzzocrea S. Safety and efficacy of a new micronized formulation of the ALIAmide palmitoylglucosamine in preclinical models of inflammation and osteoarthritis pain. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:254. [PMID: 31779692 PMCID: PMC6883534 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-2048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis is increasingly recognized as the result of a complex interplay between inflammation, chrondrodegeneration, and pain. Joint mast cells are considered to play a key role in orchestrating this detrimental triad. ALIAmides down-modulate mast cells and more generally hyperactive cells. Here we investigated the safety and effectiveness of the ALIAmide N-palmitoyl-d-glucosamine (PGA) in inflammation and osteoarthritis pain. Methods Acute toxicity of micronized PGA (m-PGA) was assessed in rats following OECD Guideline No.425. PGA and m-PGA (30 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) were orally administered to carrageenan (CAR)-injected rats. Dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg was used as reference. Paw edema and thermal hyperalgesia were measured up to 6 h post-injection, when also myeloperoxidase activity and histological inflammation score were assessed. Rats subjected to intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA) were treated three times per week for 21 days with PGA or m-PGA (30 mg/kg). Mechanical allodynia and motor function were evaluated at different post-injection time points. Joint histological and radiographic damage was scored, articular mast cells were counted, and macrophages were immunohistochemically investigated. Levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, NGF, and MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 were measured in serum using commercial colorimetric ELISA kits. One- or two-way ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons was used. Results Acute oral toxicity of m-PGA resulted in LD50 values in excess of 2000 mg/kg. A single oral administration of PGA and m-PGA significantly reduced CAR-induced inflammatory signs (edema, inflammatory infiltrate, and hyperalgesia), and m-PGA also reduced the histological score. Micronized PGA resulted in a superior activity to PGA on MIA-induced mechanical allodynia, locomotor disability, and histologic and radiographic damage. The MIA-induced increase in mast cell count and serum level of the investigated markers was also counteracted by PGA and to a significantly greater extent by m-PGA. Conclusions The results of the present study showed that PGA is endorsed with anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and joint-protective effects. Moreover, it proved that particle size reduction greatly enhances the activity of PGA, particularly on joint pain and disability. Given these results, m-PGA could be considered a valuable option in the management of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Cordaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniela Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ramona D' Amico
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessio Filippo Peritore
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta Fusco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Innovative Statistical Research srl, Prato Della Valle 24, I-35123, Padova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA.
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Qian QQ, Zhang X, Wang YW, Xu JW, Dong HQ, Li NN, Qian YN, Gui B. Pro-inflammatory role of high-mobility group box-1 on brain mast cells via the RAGE/NF-κB pathway. J Neurochem 2019; 151:595-607. [PMID: 31520526 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine contributing to the occurrence of many central inflammatory and infectious disorders. Brain mast cells (MCs) are the first responders to peripheral inflammatory stimulation because of their rapid response to external stimuli coupled with their release of preformed and newly synthesized reactive chemicals. Little is known about the involvement of brain MCs in the pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB-1 on the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, we investigated the activation process of MCs by HMGB-1 and explored whether this process is involved in the pro-inflammatory effects of HMGB-1 on the CNS. In this study, we used P815 cells to study the activating role of HMGB-1 on MCs and to explore its potential mechanism in vitro. In an in vivo study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received i.c.v. injection of sterile saline or cromoglycate (stabilizer of MCs) 30 min prior to i.p. injection of HMGB-1. Increased levels of tumor necrosis factor and IL-1β were observed in the P815 cells, as well as in the rats' brains, after HMGB-1 treatment. Pretreatment with the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)-siRNA inhibited the HMGB-1-induced inflammatory process in the P815 cells. Activation of the RAGE/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway was observed in both the P815 cells and rats' brains. In addition, HMGB-1 induced the accumulation of brain MCs in the hippocampal CA1 region, and the blood-brain barrier was disrupted. Pretreatment with cromoglycate, a stabilizer of MCs, mitigated these HMGB-1-induced pro-inflammatory processes in rats. These findings indicate that brain MCs are involved in the pro-inflammatory effect of HMGB-1 on the CNS, probably via activating the RAGE/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Quan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Ning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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