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Gu L, Chen H, Sun M, Chen Y, Shi Q, Chang J, Wei J, Ma W, Bao X, Wang R. Unraveling dynamic immunological landscapes in intracerebral hemorrhage: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e635. [PMID: 38988493 PMCID: PMC11233862 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses a formidable challenge in stroke management, with limited therapeutic options, particularly in the realm of immune-targeted interventions. Clinical trials targeting immune responses post-ICH have encountered setbacks, potentially attributable to the substantial cellular heterogeneity and intricate intercellular networks within the brain. Here, we present a pioneering investigation utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptome profiling at hyperacute (1 h), acute (24 h), and subacute (7 days) intervals post-ICH, aimed at unraveling the dynamic immunological landscape and spatial distributions within the cerebral tissue. Our comprehensive analysis revealed distinct cell differentiation patterns among myeloid and lymphocyte populations, along with delineated spatial distributions across various brain regions. Notably, we identified a subset of lymphocytes characterized by the expression of Spp1 and Lyz2, termed macrophage-associated lymphocytes, which exhibited close interactions with myeloid cells. Specifically, we observed prominent interactions between Lgmn+Macro-T cells and microglia through the spp1-cd44 pathway during the acute phase post-ICH in the choroid plexus. These findings represent a significant advancement in our understanding of immune cell dynamics at single-cell resolution across distinct post-ICH time points, thereby laying the groundwork for exploring critical temporal windows and informing the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingui Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hualin Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Mingjiang Sun
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yihao Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Qinglei Shi
- Research Institute of Big Data, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) School of MedicineShenzhenChina
| | - Jianbo Chang
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Junji Wei
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinjie Bao
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major DiseasesBeijingChina
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryPeking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- School of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhenGuangdongChina
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2
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Wang Q, Cheng J, Liu F, Zhu J, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Zhang H, Ju Y, Ma L, Hui X, Lin Y. Modulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dysregulation via a SPAK and OSR1 Targeted Framework Nucleic Acid in Hydrocephalus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306622. [PMID: 38353402 PMCID: PMC11077654 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is one of the most common brain disorders and a life-long incurable condition. An empirical "one-size-fits-all" approach of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunting remains the mainstay of hydrocephalus treatment and effective pharmacotherapy options are currently lacking. Macrophage-mediated ChP inflammation and CSF hypersecretion have recently been identified as a significant discovery in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. In this study, a pioneering DNA nano-drug (TSOs) is developed by modifying S2 ssDNA and S4 ssDNA with SPAK ASO and OSR1 ASO in tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) and synthesis via a one-pot annealing procedure. This construct can significantly knockdown the expression of SPAK and OSR1, along with their downstream ion channel proteins in ChP epithelial cells, thereby leading to a decrease in CSF secretion. Moreover, these findings indicate that TSOs effectively inhibit the M0 to M1 phenotypic switch of ChP macrophages via the MAPK pathways, thus mitigating the cytokine storm. In in vivo post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) models, TSOs significantly reduce CSF secretion rates, alleviate ChP inflammation, and prevent the onset of hydrocephalus. These compelling results highlight the potential of TSOs as a promising therapeutic option for managing hydrocephalus, with significant applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiguang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institutes for Systems GeneticsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of NeurosurgerySichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610000P.R. China
| | - Yue Li
- Core facilitiesWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Yan Ju
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Xuhui Hui
- Department of NeurosurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- Institutes for Systems GeneticsFrontiers Science Center for Disease‐Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral BiomaterialsSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P.R. China
- National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240P.R. China
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3
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Zhang A, Liu Y, Wang X, Xu H, Fang C, Yuan L, Wang K, Zheng J, Qi Y, Chen S, Zhang J, Shao A. Clinical Potential of Immunotherapies in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Treatment: Mechanistic Dissection of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1533-1554. [PMID: 37196120 PMCID: PMC10529760 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), classified as a medical emergency, is a devastating and severe subtype of stroke. SAH induces an immune response, which further triggers brain injury; however, the underlying mechanisms need to be further elucidated. The current research is predominantly focused on the production of specific subtypes of immune cells, especially innate immune cells, post-SAH onset. Increasing evidence suggests the critical role of immune responses in SAH pathophysiology; however, studies on the role and clinical significance of adaptive immunity post-SAH are limited. In this present study, we briefly review the mechanistic dissection of innate and adaptive immune responses post-SAH. Additionally, we summarized the experimental studies and clinical trials of immunotherapies for SAH treatment, which may form the basis for the development of improved therapeutic approaches for the clinical management of SAH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Houshi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chaoyou Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - KaiKai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yangjian Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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4
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Romoli M, Giammello F, Mosconi MG, De Mase A, De Marco G, Digiovanni A, Ciacciarelli A, Ornello R, Storti B. Immunological Profile of Vasospasm after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108856. [PMID: 37240207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) carries high mortality and disability rates, which are substantially driven by complications. Early brain injury and vasospasm can happen after SAH and are crucial events to prevent and treat to improve prognosis. In recent decades, immunological mechanisms have been implicated in SAH complications, with both innate and adaptive immunity involved in mechanisms of damage after SAH. The purpose of this review is to summarize the immunological profile of vasospasm, highlighting the potential implementation of biomarkers for its prediction and management. Overall, the kinetics of central nervous system (CNS) immune invasion and soluble factors' production critically differs between patients developing vasospasm compared to those not experiencing this complication. In particular, in people developing vasospasm, a neutrophil increase develops in the first minutes to days and pairs with a mild depletion of CD45+ lymphocytes. Cytokine production is boosted early on after SAH, and a steep increase in interleukin-6, metalloproteinase-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) anticipates the development of vasospasm after SAH. We also highlight the role of microglia and the potential influence of genetic polymorphism in the development of vasospasm and SAH-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Giammello
- Translational Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Mosconi
- Emergency and Vascular Medicine, University of Perugia-Santa Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio De Mase
- Neurology and Stroke Unit, AORN Cardarelli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Marco
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences of Bologna, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Digiovanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciacciarelli
- Stroke Unit, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Roma La Sapienza-Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Storti
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milano, Italy
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5
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Ohashi SN, DeLong JH, Kozberg MG, Mazur-Hart DJ, van Veluw SJ, Alkayed NJ, Sansing LH. Role of Inflammatory Processes in Hemorrhagic Stroke. Stroke 2023; 54:605-619. [PMID: 36601948 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.037155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is the deadliest form of stroke and includes the subtypes of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. A common cause of hemorrhagic stroke in older individuals is cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage both lead to the rapid collection of blood in the central nervous system and generate inflammatory immune responses that involve both brain resident and infiltrating immune cells. These responses are complex and can contribute to both tissue recovery and tissue injury. Despite the interconnectedness of these major subtypes of hemorrhagic stroke, few reviews have discussed them collectively. The present review provides an update on inflammatory processes that occur in response to intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related hemorrhage. The goal is to highlight inflammatory processes that underlie disease pathology and recovery. We aim to discuss recent advances in our understanding of these conditions and identify gaps in knowledge with the potential to develop effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Ohashi
- Department of Neurology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Jonathan H DeLong
- Department of Neurology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Mariel G Kozberg
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
| | - David J Mazur-Hart
- Department of Neurological Surgery (D.J.M.-H.), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland
| | - Susanne J van Veluw
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Boston (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown (M.G.K., S.J.v.V.)
| | - Nabil J Alkayed
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute (N.J.A.), Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), Portland
| | - Lauren H Sansing
- Department of Neurology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Immunobiology (S.N.O., J.H.D., L.H.S.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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6
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Jin J, Duan J, Du L, Xing W, Peng X, Zhao Q. Inflammation and immune cell abnormalities in intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH): Relevant signaling pathways and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027756. [PMID: 36505409 PMCID: PMC9727248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a cerebrovascular disorder associated with high overall mortality. Currently, the underlying mechanisms of pathological reaction after aneurysm rupture are still unclear, especially in the immune microenvironment, inflammation, and relevant signaling pathways. SAH-induced immune cell population alteration, immune inflammatory signaling pathway activation, and active substance generation are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunosuppression, and brain injury. Crosstalk between immune disorders and hyperactivation of inflammatory signals aggravated the devastating consequences of brain injury and cerebral vasospasm and increased the risk of infection. In this review, we discussed the role of inflammation and immune cell responses in the occurrence and development of aneurysm SAH, as well as the most relevant immune inflammatory signaling pathways [PI3K/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), STAT, SIRT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLRP3, TLR4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Keap1/nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)/ARE cascades] and biomarkers in aneurysm SAH. In addition, we also summarized potential therapeutic drugs targeting the aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory responses, such as nimodipine, dexmedetomidine (DEX), fingolimod, and genomic variation-related aneurysm prophylactic agent sunitinib. The intervention of immune inflammatory responses and immune microenvironment significantly reduces the secondary brain injury, thereby improving the prognosis of patients admitted to SAH. Future studies should focus on exploring potential immune inflammatory mechanisms and developing additional therapeutic strategies for precise aneurysm SAH immune inflammatory regulation and genomic variants associated with aneurysm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Leiya Du
- 4Department of Oncology, The Second People Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenli Xing
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Qijie Zhao, ; Xingchen Peng,
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7
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Fang Y, Huang L, Wang X, Si X, Lenahan C, Shi H, Shao A, Tang J, Chen S, Zhang J, Zhang JH. A new perspective on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics after subarachnoid hemorrhage: From normal physiology to pathophysiological changes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:543-558. [PMID: 34806932 PMCID: PMC9051143 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211045748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about the dynamic metabolism and function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology has rapidly progressed in recent decades. It has traditionally been suggested that CSF is produced by the choroid plexus and drains to the arachnoid villi. However, recent findings have revealed that the brain parenchyma produces a large portion of CSF and drains through the perivascular glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic vessels into the blood. The primary function of CSF is not limited to maintaining physiological CNS homeostasis but also participates in clearing waste products resulting from neurodegenerative diseases and acute brain injury. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), a disastrous subtype of acute brain injury, is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Post-SAH complications contribute to the poor outcomes associated with SAH. Recently, abnormal CSF flow was suggested to play an essential role in the post-SAH pathophysiological changes, such as increased intracerebral pressure, brain edema formation, hydrocephalus, and delayed blood clearance. An in-depth understanding of CSF dynamics in post-SAH events would shed light on potential development of SAH treatment options. This review summarizes and updates the latest physiological characteristics of CSF dynamics and discusses potential pathophysiological changes and therapeutic targets after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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8
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Munro DAD, Movahedi K, Priller J. Macrophage compartmentalization in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid system. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabk0391. [PMID: 35245085 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abk0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages reside within the diverse anatomical compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Within each compartment, these phagocytes are exposed to unique combinations of niche signals and mechanical stimuli that instruct their tissue-specific identities. Whereas most CNS macrophages are tissue-embedded, the macrophages of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system are bathed in an oscillating liquid. Studies using multiomics technologies have recently uncovered the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of CSF macrophages, enhancing our understanding of their cellular characteristics in both rodents and humans. Here, we review the relationships between CNS macrophage populations, with a focus on the origins, phenotypes, and functions of CSF macrophages in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A D Munro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Josef Priller
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.,Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and DZNE, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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9
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Xu CR, Li JR, Jiang SW, Wan L, Zhang X, Xia L, Hua XM, Li ST, Chen HJ, Fu XJ, Jing CH. CD47 Blockade Accelerates Blood Clearance and Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Front Immunol 2022; 13:823999. [PMID: 35281006 PMCID: PMC8915201 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.823999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating stroke subtype. Following SAH, erythrocyte lysis contributes to cell death and brain injuries. Blockage of the anti-phagocytic receptor Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) enhances phagocyte clearance of erythrocytes, though it has not been well-studied post-SAH. The current study aims to determine whether anti-CD47 treatment can enhance blood clearance after experimental SAH. Methods The prechiasmatic blood injection model of SAH was used in mice. Mice were either treated with the CD47-blocking antibody or IgG as control. The effect of the anti-CD47 antibody on blood clearance and neurological function following SAH was determined. Neuroinflammation and neuronal injury were compared between the treatment and control samples on day 1 and day 7 after SAH using flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, Fluoro-Jade C, and Nissl staining, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. Results CD47-blocking antibody sped-up blood clearance after SAH, and resulted in less neuronal injury and neurological deficits than control samples. Microglia played a role in the anti-CD47 blockade. Following SAH Following SAH, CD47 antibody-treated mice had less neuroinflammation and lower levels of apoptosis compared to controls and both one and 7 days. Conclusions CD47 antibody treatment has a neuroprotective effect following SAH, by increasing blood clearance rate and reducing brain injury. These findings suggest CD47 antibody treatment may improve SAH patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-ru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shao-wei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-ming Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-ting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-jun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiong-jie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao-hui Jing
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Chao-hui Jing,
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10
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Xu G, Guo J, Sun C. Eucalyptol ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid haemorrhage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a rat model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:114-120. [PMID: 33550883 PMCID: PMC8871613 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1876101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As the terpenoid oxide extracted from Eucalyptus L. Herit (Myrtaceae), eucalyptol (EUC) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the neuroprotective role of EUC in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham group, SAH group, SAH + vehicle group, and SAH + EUC group. SAH was induced by endovascular perforation. In SAH + EUC group, 100 mg/kg EUC was administrated intraperitoneally at 1 h before SAH and 30 min after SAH, respectively. Neurological deficits were examined by modified Neurological Severity Scores (mNSS). The brain edoema was evaluated by wet-dry method. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by Nissl staining. The expression of Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, phospho-NF-κB p65, ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf-2), and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were measured by Western blot. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was detected by qRT-PCR. Oxidative stress markers were also measured. RESULTS EUC markedly relieved brain edoema (from 81.22% to 78.33%) and neurological deficits [from 16.28 to 9.28 (24 h); from 12.50 to 7.58 (48 h)]. EUC reduced neuronal apoptosis, microglial activation, and oxidative stress. EUC increased the expression of HO-1 (1.15-fold), Nrf2 (1.34-fold) and Bcl-2 (1.17-fold) in the rats' brain tissue, and down-regulated the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 (41.09%), phospho-NF-κB p65 (14.38%) and pro-inflammatory cytokines [TNF-α (34.33%), IL-1β (50.40%) and IL-6 (59.13%)]. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION For the first time, this study confirms that EUC has neuroprotective effects against early brain injury after experimental SAH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liyang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
- CONTACT Gang Xu Department of Neurosurgery, Liyang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jianshe West Road No.70, Changzhou213300, China
| | - Junsheng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liyang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chunming Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Liyang People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, China
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Solár P, Brázda V, Levin S, Zamani A, Jančálek R, Dubový P, Joukal M. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Increases Level of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Biliverdin Reductase in the Choroid Plexus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:593305. [PMID: 33328892 PMCID: PMC7732689 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.593305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a specific, life-threatening form of hemorrhagic stroke linked to high morbidity and mortality. It has been found that the choroid plexus of the brain ventricles forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier plays an important role in subarachnoid hemorrhage pathophysiology. Heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase are two of the key enzymes of the hemoglobin degradation cascade. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate changes in protein levels of heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase in the rat choroid plexus after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage induced by injection of non-heparinized autologous blood to the cisterna magna. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid of the same volume as autologous blood was injected to mimic increased intracranial pressure in control rats. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses were used to monitor changes in the of heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase levels in the rat choroid plexus after induction of subarachnoid hemorrhage or artificial cerebrospinal fluid application for 1, 3, and 7 days. We found increased levels of heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase protein in the choroid plexus over the entire period following subarachnoid hemorrhage induction. The level of heme oxygenase-1 was the highest early (1 and 3 days) after subarachnoid hemorrhage indicating its importance in hemoglobin degradation. Increased levels of heme oxygenase-1 were also observed in the choroid plexus epithelial cells at all time points after application of artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Biliverdin reductase protein was detected mainly in the choroid plexus epithelial cells, with levels gradually increasing during subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our results suggest that heme oxygenase-1 and biliverdin reductase are involved not only in hemoglobin degradation but probably also in protecting choroid plexus epithelial cells and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier from the negative effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Neurosurgery - St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Václav Brázda
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Shahaf Levin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Radim Jančálek
- Department of Neurosurgery - St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
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Zeyu Zhang, Yuanjian Fang, Cameron Lenahan, Sheng Chen. The role of immune inflammation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2020; 336:113535. [PMID: 33249033 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease, which mainly caused by the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm. Clinical trials have demonstrated that cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is not the sole contributor to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and poor outcomes in patients with aSAH. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that early brain injury (EBI), which occurs within 72 h after the onset of aSAH, lays the foundation for subsequent pathophysiological changes and poor outcomes of patients. The pathological mechanisms of EBI mainly include increased intracranial pressure, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, cerebral edema and cell death. Among them, the brain immune inflammatory responses involve a variety of immune cells and active substances, which play an important role in EBI after aSAH and may be related to DCI and long-term outcomes. Thus, attention should be paid to strategies targeting cerebral immune inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the role of immune inflammatory responses in the occurrence and development of aSAH, as well as some inflammatory biomarkers related to CVS, DCI, and aSAH outcomes. In addition, we also summarize the potential therapeutic drugs that target cerebral immune inflammatory responses for patients with aSAH in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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13
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Solár P, Zamani A, Kubíčková L, Dubový P, Joukal M. Choroid plexus and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:35. [PMID: 32375819 PMCID: PMC7201396 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) forming the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (B-CSF) barrier is among the least studied structures of the central nervous system (CNS) despite its clinical importance. The CP is an epithelio-endothelial convolute comprising a highly vascularized stroma with fenestrated capillaries and a continuous lining of epithelial cells joined by apical tight junctions (TJs) that are crucial in forming the B-CSF barrier. Integrity of the CP is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis and B-CSF barrier permeability. Recent experimental and clinical research has uncovered the significance of the CP in the pathophysiology of various diseases affecting the CNS. The CP is involved in penetration of various pathogens into the CNS, as well as the development of neurodegenerative (e.g., Alzheimer´s disease) and autoimmune diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Moreover, the CP was shown to be important for restoring brain homeostasis following stroke and trauma. In addition, new diagnostic methods and treatment of CP papilloma and carcinoma have recently been developed. This review describes and summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to the roles of the CP and B-CSF barrier in the pathophysiology of various types of CNS diseases and sets up the foundation for further avenues of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne´s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, CZ-656 91, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alemeh Zamani
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kubíčková
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dubový
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Joukal
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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