1
|
Niu L, Li W, Chen X, Su X, Dong J, Liao Q, Zhou X, Shi S, Sun R. 1-Monopalmitin promotes lung cancer cells apoptosis through PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2621-2631. [PMID: 37466199 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 85%. Mougeotia nummuloides and Spirulina major have been reported to possess anticancer properties. 1-Monopalmitin (1-Mono) is the principle active constituent in these natural plants. It is debating whether 1-Mono exerts antitumor effects. Therefore, we explored the role of 1-Mono in lung cancer in vitro. Results showed that 1-Mono significantly inhibited A549 and SPC-A1 cell proliferation, induced G2/M arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, it suppressed the protein expression of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). It was further demonstrated that 1-Mono activated the PI3K/Akt pathway, suppression of PI3K/Akt activities with LY294002 and Wortmannin partially attenuated 1-Mono-mediated anticancer activities, indicating that 1-Mono-induced antitumor effects is dependent on PI3K/Akt pathway. 1-Mono induced cytoprotective autophagy since autophagy inhibitor Chloroquine dramatically enhanced 1-Mono-induced cytotoxicity. In summary, our results showed 1-Mono kills lung cancer through PI3K/Akt pathway, providing novel options for lung cancer administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Niu
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosan Su
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyang Liao
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Zhou
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Shi
- Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifen Sun
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sipos A, Kim KJ, Sioutas C, Crandall ED. Kinetics of autophagic activity in nanoparticle-exposed lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. AUTOPHAGY REPORTS 2023; 2:2186568. [PMID: 37520337 PMCID: PMC10373127 DOI: 10.1080/27694127.2023.2186568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a homeostatic mechanism, is crucial in maintaining normal cellular function. Although dysregulation of autophagic processes is recognized in certain diseases, it is unknown how maintenance of cellular homeostasis might be affected by the kinetics of autophagic activity in response to various stimuli. In this study, we assessed those kinetics in lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells in response to exposure to nanoparticles (NP) and/or Rapamycin. Since NP are known to induce autophagy, we wished to determine if this phenomenon could be a driver of the harmful effects seen in lung tissues exposed to air pollution. A549 cells were loaded with a fluorescent marker (DAPRed) that labels autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Autophagic activity was assessed based on the fluorescence intensity of DAPRed measured over the entire cell volume of live single cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Autophagic activity over time was determined during exposure of A549 cells to single agents (50 nM Rapamycin; 80 μg/mL, 20 nm carboxylated polystyrene NP (PNP); or, 1 μg/mL ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) (<180 nm)), or double agents (Rapamycin + PNP or Rapamycin + UFP; concomitant and sequential), known to stimulate autophagy. Autophagic activity increased in all experimental modalities, including both single agent and double agent exposures, and reached a steady state in all cases ~2 times control from ~8 to 24 hrs, suggesting the presence of an upper limit to autophagic capacity. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental stressors might exert their harmful effects, at least in part, by limiting available autophagic response to additional stimulation, thereby making nanoparticle-exposed cells more susceptible to secondary injury due to autophagic overload.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Sipos
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kwang-Jin Kim
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neurosciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward D. Crandall
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center and Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
CircRNA3616 knockdown attenuates inflammation and apoptosis in spinal cord injury by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB activity via sponging miR-137. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:329-341. [PMID: 35913538 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present work focused on exploring the role of circRNA3616 in neuronal inflammation and apoptosis in spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS The SCI mouse model and circRNA3616 knockdown SCI mouse model were established. This work focused on assessing the mouse locomotor function using Basso Mouse Scale (BMS) and BMS subscore. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Tunel staining were conducted, while myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was also detected on spinal cord tissues. We also knocked down circRNA3616 expression in NSC-34 cells. Meanwhile, the SCI cell model was established by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in NSC-34 cells. Moreover, we conducted dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Flow cytometry (FCM) was conducted to detect SCI cell apoptosis, whereas cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was performed to analyze cell viability. This study also implemented enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect inflammatory factors in spinal cord tissues, serum, and cells. RESULTS CircRNA3616 knockdown reduced the damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and MPO activity in SCI mouse serum and spinal cord tissues. CircRNA3616 knockdown increased BMS and BMS subscore of SCI mice. CircRNA3616 up-regulated TLR4 expression by sponging miR-137. CircRNA3616 knockdown inhibited the TLR4, p-IkBα, p-p65/p65 protein expression, while promoting IkBα protein expression within SCI mouse spinal cord. TLR4 reversed circRNA3616 knockdown-induced inhibition on NF-κB pathway activity in SCI cells. CircRNA3616 knockdown attenuated neuronal cell inflammation and apoptosis via TLR4/NF-κB pathway after SCI. CONCLUSION CircRNA3616 silencing attenuates inflammation and apoptosis in SCI by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB activity via sponging miR-137. CircRNA3616 is the possible anti-SCI therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou H, Ling H, Li Y, Jiang X, Cheng S, Zubeir GM, Xia Y, Qin X, Zhang J, Zou Z, Chen C. Downregulation of beclin 1 restores arsenite-induced impaired autophagic flux by improving the lysosomal function in the brain. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113066. [PMID: 34929507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenite is a toxic metalloid that causes various adverse effects in the brain. However, the underlying mechanisms of arsenite-induced neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. In this study, both adult beclin 1+/+ and beclin 1+/- mice were employed to establish a model of chronic arsenite exposure by treating with arsenite via drinking water for 6 months. The results clearly demonstrated that exposure to arsenite profoundly caused damage to the cerebral cortex, induced autophagy and impaired autophagic flux in the cerebral cortex. Heterozygous disruption of beclin 1 in animals remarkably alleviated the neurotoxic effects of arsenite. To verify the results obtained in the animals, a permanent U251 cell line was used. After treating of cells with arsenite, similar phenomenon was also observed, showing the significant elevation in the expression levels of autophagy-related genes. Importantly, lysosomal dysfunction caused by arsenite was observed in vitro and in vivo. Either knockdown of beclin 1 in cells or heterozygous disruption of beclin 1 in animals remarkably alleviated the lysosomal dysfunction induced by arsenite. These findings indicate that downregulation of beclin 1 could restore arsenite-induced impaired autophagic flux possibly through improving lysosomal function, and correct that regulation of autophagy via beclin 1 would be an alternative approach for the treatment of arsenite neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yinyin Xia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory disease, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pei C, Wang F, Huang D, Shi S, Wang X, Wang Y, Li S, Wu Y, Wang Z. Astragaloside IV Protects from PM2.5-Induced Lung Injury by Regulating Autophagy via Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling in vivo and in vitro. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4707-4721. [PMID: 34557015 PMCID: PMC8453246 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s312167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prolonged exposure to air polluted with airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can increase respiratory disease risk. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is one of the main bioactive substances in the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. AS-IV has numerous pharmacological properties; whereas there are few reports on the prevention of PM2.5-induced lung injury by AS-IV through modulation of the autophagic pathway. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and the underlying mechanisms of AS-IV in PM2.5-induced lung injury rats and rat alveolar macrophages (NR8383 cells). Methods The pneumotoxicity model was established by intratracheal injection of PM2.5 in rats, and PM2.5 challenge in NR8383 cells. The severity of lung injury was evaluated by wet weight to dry weight ratio and McGuigan pathology scoring. Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress were detected through ELISA. The expressions of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect autophagosomes. The expressions of autophagy marker protein (LC3B and p62), PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and NF-κB translocation were detected by Western blot in lung tissue and NR8383 cells. Results After PM2.5 stimulation, rats showed severe inflammation and oxidative stress, along with inhibition of autophagy in lung tissue. AS-IV not only decreased pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B translocation, but also regulated autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. After treatment with 3-methyladenine (a classic PI3K inhibitor, blocking the formation of autophagosomes), the protective effect of AS-IV on PM2.5-induced lung injury was further strengthened. In parallel, using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrated that AS-IV restore autophagic flux mainly through regulating the degradation of autophagosomes rather than suppressing the formation in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our data indicated that AS-IV protects from PM2.5-induced lung injury in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to regulate autophagy and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Shi
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqin Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongcan Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|