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Xiao W, Halabi R, Lin CH, Nazim M, Yeom KH, Black DL. The lncRNA Malat1 is trafficked to the cytoplasm as a localized mRNA encoding a small peptide in neurons. Genes Dev 2024; 38:294-307. [PMID: 38688681 PMCID: PMC11146593 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351557.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic function in neurons is modulated by local translation of mRNAs that are transported to distal portions of axons and dendrites. The metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is broadly expressed across cell types, almost exclusively as a nuclear long noncoding RNA. We found that in differentiating neurons, a portion of Malat1 RNA redistributes to the cytoplasm. Depletion of Malat1 using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) stimulates the expression of particular pre- and postsynaptic proteins, implicating Malat1 in their regulation. Neuronal Malat1 is localized in puncta of both axons and dendrites that costain with Staufen1 protein, similar to neuronal RNA granules formed by locally translated mRNAs. Ribosome profiling of cultured mouse cortical neurons identified ribosome footprints within a 5' region of Malat1 containing short open reading frames. The upstream-most reading frame (M1) of the Malat1 locus was linked to the GFP-coding sequence in mouse embryonic stem cells. When these gene-edited cells were differentiated into glutamatergic neurons, the M1-GFP fusion protein was expressed. Antibody staining for the M1 peptide confirmed its presence in wild-type neurons and showed that M1 expression was enhanced by synaptic stimulation with KCl. Our results indicate that Malat1 serves as a cytoplasmic coding RNA in the brain that is both modulated by and modulates synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Reem Halabi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Mohammad Nazim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Kyu-Hyeon Yeom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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2
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Xiao W, Halabi R, Lin CH, Nazim M, Yeom KH, Black DL. The lncRNA Malat1 is trafficked to the cytoplasm as a localized mRNA encoding a small peptide in neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.01.578240. [PMID: 38352368 PMCID: PMC10862813 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.01.578240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic function is modulated by local translation of mRNAs that are transported to distal portions of axons and dendrites. The Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is broadly expressed across cell types, almost exclusively as a nuclear non-coding RNA. We found that in differentiating neurons, a portion of Malat1 RNA redistributes to the cytoplasm. Depletion of Malat1 from neurons stimulated expression of particular pre- and post- synaptic proteins, implicating Malat1 in their regulation. Neuronal Malat1 is localized to both axons and dendrites in puncta that co-stain with Staufen1 protein, similar to neuronal granules formed by locally translated mRNAs. Ribosome profiling of mouse cortical neurons identified ribosome footprints within a region of Malat1 containing short open reading frames. The upstream-most reading frame (M1) of the Malat1 locus was linked to the GFP coding sequence in mouse ES cells. When these gene-edited cells were differentiated into glutamatergic neurons, the M1-GFP fusion protein was expressed. Antibody staining for the M1 peptide confirmed its presence in wildtype neurons, and showed enhancement of M1 expression after synaptic stimulation with KCL. Our results indicate that Malat1 serves as a cytoplasmic coding RNA in the brain that is both modulated by and modulates synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Reem Halabi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Chia-Ho Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Mohammad Nazim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kyu-Hyeon Yeom
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Douglas L Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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3
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Liu Q, Yang H, Luo J, Peng C, Wang K, Zhang G, Lin H, Ji Z. 14-3-3 protein augments the protein stability of phosphorylated spastin and promotes the recovery of spinal cord injury through its agonist intervention. eLife 2024; 12:RP90184. [PMID: 38231910 PMCID: PMC10945579 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Axon regeneration is abortive in the central nervous system following injury. Orchestrating microtubule dynamics has emerged as a promising approach to improve axonal regeneration. The microtubule severing enzyme spastin is essential for axonal development and regeneration through remodeling of microtubule arrangement. To date, however, little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying spastin action in neural regeneration after spinal cord injury. Here, we use glutathione transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that 14-3-3 interacts with spastin, both in vivo and in vitro, via spastin Ser233 phosphorylation. Moreover, we show that 14-3-3 protects spastin from degradation by inhibiting the ubiquitination pathway and upregulates the spastin-dependent severing ability. Furthermore, the 14-3-3 agonist Fusicoccin (FC-A) promotes neurite outgrowth and regeneration in vitro which needs spastin activation. Western blot and immunofluorescence results revealed that 14-3-3 protein is upregulated in the neuronal compartment after spinal cord injury in vivo. In addition, administration of FC-A not only promotes locomotor recovery, but also nerve regeneration following spinal cord injury in both contusion and lateral hemisection models; however, the application of spastin inhibitor spastazoline successfully reverses these phenomena. Taken together, these results indicate that 14-3-3 is a molecular switch that regulates spastin protein levels, and the small molecule 14-3-3 agonist FC-A effectively mediates the recovery of spinal cord injury in mice which requires spastin participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianxian Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Cheng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
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4
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Yang J, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Zou J, Li S, Miao G, Lin H, Zhao X, Tan M. Inhibition of spastin impairs motor function recovery after spinal cord injury. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110806. [PMID: 37918696 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Promoting axonal regeneration is an effective strategy for recovery from traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Spastin, a microtubule-severing protein, modulates axonal outgrowth and branch formation by regulating microtubule dynamics. However, the exact role of spastin during recovery from SCI remains unknown. Therefore, we utilized a hemisection injury model of the mouse spinal cord and explored the effect of spastin using a spastin inhibitor, spastazoline. Results showed that spastazoline significantly suppressed the microtubule-severing activity of spastin in COS-7 cells and inhibited the promoting effect of spastin on neurite outgrowth in primarily cultured hippocampal neurons. The protein expression level of spastin was significantly upregulated in the injured spinal cord. Injured mice showed impaired motor functions, which included increased toe-off angle and foot fault steps and decreased stride length and Basso mouse scale score. Notably, these motor function impairments were aggravated by the application of spastazoline. Inhibition of spastin exacerbated neurogenesis impairment, as demonstrated by neuronal nuclei antigen staining, the inflammatory response, as shown by Iba-1 and GFAP staining, and axonal regeneration impairment, as shown by 5-hydroxytryptamine staining. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the inhibition of spastin resulted in numerous dysregulated differentially expressed proteins that were closely associated with vesicle organization and transport. Taken together, our data suggest that spastin is critical for recovery from SCI and may be a potential target for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianyu Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shaojin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guiqiang Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan 528010, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan 528010, China.
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Ming Y, Deng Z, Tian X, Jia Y, Ning M, Cheng S. Anti-apoptotic capacity of MALAT1 on hippocampal neurons correlates with CASP3 DNA methylation in a mouse model of autism. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:2591-2602. [PMID: 37751122 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Prior evidence has suggested the alleviatory effect of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) on neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. This study primarily investigates the underlying mechanism of how the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 affects neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of mice with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The findings demonstrate that CASP3 is highly expressed while MALAT1 is downregulated in the hippocampal neurons of autistic mice. MALAT1 mainly localizes within the cell nucleus and recruits DNA methyltransferases (including DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b) to the promoter region of CASP3, promoting its methylation and further inhibiting its expression. In vitro experiments reveal that reducing MALAT1 expression promotes the expression of CASP3 and Bax while suppressing Bcl-2 expression, thereby enhancing cellular apoptosis. Conversely, increasing MALAT1 expression yields the opposite effect. Consequently, these results further confirm the role of MALAT1 in suppressing neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of mice with ASD through the regulation of CASP3 promoter methylation. Thus, this research unveils the significant roles of MALAT1 and CASP3 in the pathogenesis of ASD, offering new possibilities for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ming
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Qiqihar University, No. 32, Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Deng
- Institute of Medicine and Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, P.R. China
| | - Xianhua Tian
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Qiqihar University, No. 32, Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, P.R. China
| | - Yuerong Jia
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Qiqihar University, No. 32, Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, P.R. China
| | - Meng Ning
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Qiqihar University, No. 32, Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Cheng
- Department of Applied Psychology, College of Teacher Education, Qiqihar University, No. 32, Zhonghua West Road, Jianhua District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, 161006, P.R. China.
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Ahmad I, Naqvi RA, Valverde A, Naqvi AR. LncRNA MALAT1/microRNA-30b axis regulates macrophage polarization and function. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214810. [PMID: 37860007 PMCID: PMC10582718 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are long-lived myeloid cells that can polarize towards the proinflammatory M1 or proresolving M2 phenotype to control diverse biological processes such as inflammation, tissue damage, and regeneration. Noncoding RNA are a class of nonprotein-coding transcriptome with numerous interdependent biological roles; however, their functional interaction in the regulation of Mφ polarization and immune responses remain unclear. Here, we show antagonistic relationship between lncRNA (MALAT1) and microRNA (miR-30b) in shaping macrophage polarization and immune functions. MALAT1 expression displays a time-dependent induction during Mφ differentiation and, upon challenge with TLR4 agonist (E. coli LPS). MALAT1 knockdown promoted the expression of M2Mφ markers without affecting M1Mφ markers, suggesting that MALAT1 favors the M1 phenotype by suppressing M2 differentiation. Compared to the control, MALAT1 knockdown resulted in reduced antigen uptake and processing, bacterial phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity, strongly supporting its critical role in regulating innate immune functions in Mφ. Consistent with this, MALAT1 knockdown showed impaired cytokine secretion upon challenge with LPS. Importantly, MALAT1 exhibit an antagonistic expression pattern with all five members of the miR-30 family during M2 Mφ differentiation. Dual-luciferase assays validated a novel sequence on MALAT1 that interacts with miR-30b, a microRNA that promotes the M2 phenotype. Phagocytosis and antigen processing assays unequivocally demonstrated that MALAT1 and miR-30b are functionally antagonistic. Concurrent MALAT1 knockdown and miR-30b overexpression exhibited the most significant attenuation in both assays. In human subjects with periodontal disease and murine model of ligature-induced periodontitis, we observed higher levels of MALAT1, M1Mφ markers and downregulation of miR-30b expression in gingival tissues suggesting a pro-inflammatory function of MALAT1 in vivo. Overall, we unraveled the role of MALAT1 in Mφ polarization and delineated the underlying mechanism of its regulation by involving MALAT-1-driven miR-30b sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Yang Y, Yang J, Liang Y, Zhang G, Cai Z, Zhang Y, Lin H, Tan M. Rab3A interacts with spastin to regulate neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:77-87. [PMID: 36587525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigating novel mechanisms of neurite outgrowth via cytoskeleton is critical for developing therapeutic strategies against neural disorders. Rab3A is a vesicle-related protein distributed throughout the nervous system, but the detailed mechanism related to cytoskeleton remains largely unknown. Our previous reports show that spastin serves microtubule to regulate neurite outgrowth. Here, we asked whether Rab3A could function via modulating spastin during neuronal development. The results revealed that Rab3A colocalized with spastin in cultured hippocampal neurons. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that Rab3A physically interacted with spastin in rat brain lysates. Rab3A overexpression significantly induced spastin degradation; this effect was reversed by leupeptin- or MG-132- administration, suggesting the lysosomal and ubiquitin-mediated degradation system. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that Rab3A and spastin immune-colocalized with the lysosome marker lysotracker. In COS7 cells, Rab3A overexpression significantly downregulated spastin expression and abolished the spastin-mediated microtubule severing. Furthermore, overexpression inhibited while genetic knockdown of Rab3A promoted neurite outgrowth. However, this inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons could be reversed via co-transfection of spastin, indicating that Rab3A functions via its interaction protein spastin. In general, our data identify an interaction between Rab3A and spastin, and this interaction affects the protein stability of spastin and eliminates its microtubule severing function, thereby modulating neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yaozhong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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Ahmad I, Naqvi RA, Valverde A, Naqvi AR. LncRNA MALAT1/microRNA-30b axis regulate macrophage polarization and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526668. [PMID: 36778373 PMCID: PMC9915644 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages (Mφ) can polarize towards the proinflammatory M1 or proresolving M2 phenotype to control diverse biological processes such as inflammation, and tissue regeneration. Noncoding RNAs play critical roles in numerous biological pathways; however, their functional interaction in the regulation of Mφ polarization and immune responses remain unclear. Objectives To examine relationship between lncRNA (MALAT1) and microRNA (miR-30b) in shaping macrophage polarization and immune functions. Methods Expression of MALAT1 and miR-30b was examined in differentiating M1/M2 Mφ, human and murine inflamed gingival biopsies by RT-qPCR. MALAT1 and miR-30b direct interaction was examined by dual luciferase assays. Impact of MALAT1 knockdown and miR-30b overexpression was examined on macrophage polarization markers, bacterial phagocytosis, antigen uptake/processing and cytokine profiles. Results MALAT1 expression displays a time-dependent induction during Mφ differentiation and, upon challenge with TLR4 agonist ( E. coli LPS). Knockdown of MALAT1 enhanced the expression of M2Mφ markers without affecting the M1Mφ markers, suggesting that MALAT1 favors the M1 phenotype by suppressing M2 polarization. MALAT1 knockdown Mφ exhibit reduced antigen uptake and processing, bacterial phagocytosis, and bactericidal activity, strongly supporting its critical role in regulating innate immune functions. Consistent with this, MALAT1 knockdown showed impaired cytokine secretion upon challenge with LPS. Importantly, MALAT1 exhibit an antagonistic expression pattern with all five members of the miR-30 family during M2Mφ differentiation. Dual-luciferase assays validated a novel sequence on MALAT1 that interacts with miR-30b, a microRNA that promotes the M2 phenotype. Phagocytosis and antigen processing assays unequivocally demonstrated that MALAT1 and miR-30b are functionally antagonistic. In human subjects with periodontal disease and murine model of ligature-induced periodontitis, we observed higher levels of MALAT1, and downregulation of miR-30b that correlates with higher M1Mφ markers expression in gingival tissues suggesting a pro-inflammatory function of MALAT1. Conclusion MALAT1/miR-30b antagonistic interaction shapes Mφ polarization in vitro and in inflamed gingival biopsies.
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Zhang Y, He X, Zou J, Yang J, Ma A, Tan M. Phosphorylation mutation impairs the promoting effect of spastin on neurite outgrowth without affecting its microtubule severing ability. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67. [PMID: 36632786 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastin, a microtubule-severing enzyme, is known to be important for neurite outgrowth. However, the role of spastin post-translational modification, particularly its phosphorylation regulation in neuronal outgrowth, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eliminating spastin phosphorylation on the neurite outgrowth of rat hippocampal neurons. To accomplish this, we constructed a spastin mutant with eleven potential phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine. The phosphorylation levels of the wildtype spastin (WT) and the mutant (11A) were then detected using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. The spastin constructs were transfected into COS7 cells for the observation of microtubule severing, and into rat hippocampal neurons for the detection of neuronal outgrowth. The results showed that compared to the spastin WT, the phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced in the spastin 11A mutant. The spastin mutant 11A impaired its ability to promote neurite length, branching, and complexity in hippocampal neurons, but did not affect its ability to sever microtubules in COS7 cells. In conclusion, the data suggest that mutations at multiple phosphorylation sites of spastin do not impair its microtubule cleavage ability in COS7 cells, but reduce its ability to promote neurite outgrowth in rat hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Xin He
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jianyu Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | | | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
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Li S, Liang Y, Zou J, Cai Z, Yang H, Yang J, Zhang Y, Lin H, Zhang G, Tan M. SUMOylation of microtubule-cleaving enzyme KATNA1 promotes microtubule severing and neurite outgrowth. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102292. [PMID: 35868557 PMCID: PMC9403493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Katanin p60 ATPase-containing subunit A1 (KATNA1) is a microtubule-cleaving enzyme that regulates the development of neural protrusions through cytoskeletal rearrangements. However, the mechanism underlying the linkage of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) protein to KATNA1 and how this modification regulates the development of neural protrusions is unclear. Here we discovered, using mass spectrometry analysis, that SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9, an enzyme necessary for the SUMOylation process, was present in the KATNA1 interactome. Moreover, GST-pull down and co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that KATNA1 and SUMO interact. We further demonstrated using immunofluorescence experiments that KATNA1 and the SUMO2 isoform colocalized in hippocampal neurites. We also performed a bioinformatics analysis of KATNA1 protein sequences to identify three potentially conserved SUMOylation sites (K77, K157, and K330) among vertebrates. Mutation of K330, but not K77 or K157, abolished KATNA1-induced microtubule severing and decreased the level of binding observed for KATNA1 and SUMO2. Cotransfection of SUMO2 and wildtype KATNA1 in COS7 cells increased microtubule severing, whereas no effect was observed after cotransfection with the K330R KATNA1 mutant. Furthermore, in cultured hippocampal neurons, overexpression of wildtype KATNA1 significantly promoted neurite outgrowth, whereas the K330R mutant eliminated this effect. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the K330 site in KATNA1 is modified by SUMOylation and SUMOylation of KATNA1 promotes microtubule dynamics and hippocampal neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yaozhong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianyu Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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11
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Costa AC, Sousa MM. The Role of Spastin in Axon Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:934522. [PMID: 35865632 PMCID: PMC9294387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.934522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells with elaborate shapes that allow them to perform their function. In neurons, microtubule organization—length, density, and dynamics—are essential for the establishment of polarity, growth, and transport. A mounting body of evidence shows that modulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton by microtubule-associated proteins fine tunes key aspects of neuronal cell biology. In this respect, microtubule severing enzymes—spastin, katanin and fidgetin—a group of microtubule-associated proteins that bind to and generate internal breaks in the microtubule lattice, are emerging as key modulators of the microtubule cytoskeleton in different model systems. In this review, we provide an integrative view on the latest research demonstrating the key role of spastin in neurons, specifically in the context of axonal cell biology. We focus on the function of spastin in the regulation of microtubule organization, and axonal transport, that underlie its importance in the intricate control of axon growth, branching and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
| | - Monica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Ana Catarina Costa, ; Monica Mendes Sousa,
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Dichev V, Mehterov N, Kazakova M, Karalilova R, Batalov A, Sarafian V. The lncRNAs/miR-30e/CHI3L1 Axis Is Dysregulated in Systemic Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:496. [PMID: 35203705 PMCID: PMC8962397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with completely undefined etiology and treatment difficulties. The expression of both protein coding and non-coding RNAs is dysregulated during disease development. We aimed to examine a possible regulatory axis implemented in the control of chitinase-3 like protein 1 (CHI3L1) or YKL-40, an inflammation-associated glycoprotein, shown to be elevated in SSc. A panel of seven miRNAs and three lncRNAs potentially involved in the control of CHI3L1 were selected on the basis of in silico analysis. TagMan assay was used to evaluate the expression levels of miRNAs and RT-qPCR for lncRNAs in white blood cells (WBCs) and plasma from SSc patients and healthy controls. Among the eight screened miRNAs, miR-30e-5p (p = 0.04) and miR-30a-5p (p = 0.01) were significantly downregulated in WBCs and plasma of SSc patients, respectively. On the contrary, the expression of the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) (p = 0.044) and the Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) (p = 0.008) in WBCs was upregulated compared to the controls. Increased levels of MALAT1 and NEAT1 could be associated with the downregulation of miR-30e-5p and miR-30a-5p expression in WBCs and plasma. We present novel data on the involvement of a possible regulatory axis lncRNAs/miR-30e/CHI3L1 in SSc and hypothesize that MALAT1 and NEAT1 could act as miR-30e-5p and miR-30a-5p decoys. This may be a reason for the increased serum levels of CHI3L1 in SSc patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Dichev
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Mehterov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Karalilova
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Blvd. 15A, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (A.B.)
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 64 Sofia Str., 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Anastas Batalov
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University-Plovdiv, Vasil Aprilov Blvd. 15A, 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (A.B.)
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital “Kaspela”, 64 Sofia Str., 4001 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (V.D.); (M.K.); (V.S.)
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, Blvd. 15A Vasil Aprilov, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Zou J, Cai Z, Liang Z, Liang Y, Zhang G, Yang J, Zhang Y, Lin H, Tan M. Different fusion tags affect the activity of ubiquitin overexpression on spastin protein stability. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34873900 PMCID: PMC8678624 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastin is one of the proteins which lead to hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), whose dysfunction towards microtubule severing and membrane transporting is critically important. The present study is to elucidate the mechanisms of the protein stability regulation of spastin. The ubiquitin encoding plasmids were transfected into COS-7 cells with different fusion tags including Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), mCherry and Flag. The expression level of spastin was detected, microtubule severing activity and neurite outgrowth were quantified. The data showed that ubiquitin overexpression significantly induced the decreased expression of spastin, suppressed the activity of microtubule severing in COS-7 cells and inhibited the promoting effect on neurite outgrowth in cultured hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, when modulating the overexpression experiments of ubiquitin, it was found that relatively small tag like Flag, but not large tags such as GFP or mCherry fused with ubiquitin, retained the activity on spastin stability. The present study investigated the effects of small/large tags addition to ubiquitin and the novel mechanisms of post-transcriptional modifications of spastin on regulating neurite outgrowth, in the attempt to experimentally elucidate the mechanisms that control the level or stability of spastin in hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen.
| | - Yaozhong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou.
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Liu Q, Zhang G, Ji Z, Lin H. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of spastin in neural development and disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:218. [PMID: 34664680 PMCID: PMC8547542 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastin is a microtubule (MT)‑severing enzyme identified from mutations of hereditary spastic paraplegia in 1999 and extensive studies indicate its vital role in various cellular activities. In the past two decades, efforts have been made to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of how spastin is linked to neural development and disease. Recent studies on spastin have unraveled the mechanistic processes of its MT‑severing activity and revealed that spastin acts as an MT amplifier to mediate its remodeling, thus providing valuable insight into the molecular roles of spastin under physiological conditions. In addition, recent research has revealed multiple novel molecular mechanisms of spastin in cellular biological pathways, including endoplasmic reticulum shaping, calcium trafficking, fatty acid trafficking, as well as endosomal fission and trafficking. These processes are closely involved in axonal and dendritic development and maintenance. The current review presents recent biological advances regarding the molecular mechanisms of spastin at the cellular level and provides insight into how it affects neural development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhisheng Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Keihani S, Kluever V, Fornasiero EF. Brain Long Noncoding RNAs: Multitask Regulators of Neuronal Differentiation and Function. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133951. [PMID: 34203457 PMCID: PMC8272081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary cellular diversity and the complex connections established within different cells types render the nervous system of vertebrates one of the most sophisticated tissues found in living organisms. Such complexity is ensured by numerous regulatory mechanisms that provide tight spatiotemporal control, robustness and reliability. While the unusual abundance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in nervous tissues was traditionally puzzling, it is becoming clear that these molecules have genuine regulatory functions in the brain and they are essential for neuronal physiology. The canonical view of RNA as predominantly a 'coding molecule' has been largely surpassed, together with the conception that lncRNAs only represent 'waste material' produced by cells as a side effect of pervasive transcription. Here we review a growing body of evidence showing that lncRNAs play key roles in several regulatory mechanisms of neurons and other brain cells. In particular, neuronal lncRNAs are crucial for orchestrating neurogenesis, for tuning neuronal differentiation and for the exact calibration of neuronal excitability. Moreover, their diversity and the association to neurodegenerative diseases render them particularly interesting as putative biomarkers for brain disease. Overall, we foresee that in the future a more systematic scrutiny of lncRNA functions will be instrumental for an exhaustive understanding of neuronal pathophysiology.
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Zhang R, Yang F, Fan H, Wang H, Wang Q, Yang J, Song T. Long non-coding RNA TUG1/microRNA-187-3p/TESC axis modulates progression of pituitary adenoma via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:524. [PMID: 34021124 PMCID: PMC8140116 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecule mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in human diseases have been broadly studied recently, therefore, our research aimed to assess the effect of lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1)/miR-187-3p/tescalcin (TESC) axis in pituitary adenoma (PA) by regulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. We observed that TUG1 was upregulated in PA tissues and was associated with invasion, knosp grade and tumor size. TUG1 particularly bound to miR-187-3p. TUG1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, promoted apoptosis, and regulated the expression of NF-κB p65 and inhibitor of κB (IκB)-α in PA cells lines in vitro, and also inhibited tumor growth in vivo, and these effects were reversed by miR-187-3p reduction. Similarly, miR-187-3p elevation inhibited PA cell malignant behaviors and modulated the expression of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α in PA cells, and reduced in vivo tumor growth as well. TUG1 inhibition downregulated TESC, which was targeted by miR-187-3p. In conclusion, this study suggests that TUG1 sponges miR-187-3p to affect PA development by elevating TESC and regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haitao Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haocong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Qingzhou, 262500, Qingzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Sas-Nowosielska H, Magalska A. Long Noncoding RNAs-Crucial Players Organizing the Landscape of the Neuronal Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073478. [PMID: 33801737 PMCID: PMC8037058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to regulate chromatin organization is particularly important in neurons, which dynamically respond to external stimuli. Accumulating evidence shows that lncRNAs play important architectural roles in organizing different nuclear domains like inactive chromosome X, splicing speckles, paraspeckles, and Gomafu nuclear bodies. LncRNAs are abundantly expressed in the nervous system where they may play important roles in compartmentalization of the cell nucleus. In this review we will describe the architectural role of lncRNAs in the nuclei of neuronal cells.
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