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Valvassori SS, Varela RB, Resende WR, Possamai-Della T, Borba LDA, Behenck JP, Réus GZ, Quevedo J. Antidepressant Effect of Sodium Butyrate is Accompanied by Brain Epigenetic Modulation in Rats Subjected to Early or Late Life Stress. Curr Neurovasc Res 2024; 20:586-598. [PMID: 38288841 DOI: 10.2174/0115672026277345240115101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression has a complex and multifactorial etiology constituted by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in its development. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium butyrate (SD) on epigenetic enzyme alterations in rats subjected to animal models of depression induced by maternal deprivation (MD) or chronic mild stress (CMS). METHODS To induce MD, male Wistar rats were deprived of maternal care during the first 10 days of life. To induce CMS, rats were subjected to the CMS for 40 days. Adult rats were then treated with daily injections of SD for 7 days. Animals were subjected to the forced swimming test (FST), and then, histone deacetylase (HDAC), histone acetyltransferase (HAT), and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activities were evaluated in the brain. RESULTS MD and CMS increased immobility time in FST and increased HDAC and DNMT activity in the animal brains. SD reversed increased immobility induced by both animal models and the alterations in HDAC and DNMT activities. There was a positive correlation between enzyme activities and immobility time for both models. HDAC and DNMT activities also presented a positive correlation between themselves. CONCLUSION These results suggest that epigenetics can play an important role in major depression pathophysiology triggered by early or late life stress and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Silva Valvassori
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger Bitencourt Varela
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Functional Neuromodulation and Novel Therapeutics Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wilson Rodrigues Resende
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Taise Possamai-Della
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Behenck
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, USA
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, USA
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Interventional Psychiatry, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, TX, USA
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Cui X, Xu Y, Zhu H, Wang L, Zhou J. Long noncoding RNA NONHSAG045500 regulates serotonin transporter to ameliorate depressive-like behavior via the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway in a model of perinatal depression. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2183468. [PMID: 36997170 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2183468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perinatal depression (PND) is the most common complication of childbirth and negatively affects the mother. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NONHSAG045500 inhibits the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transporter (i.e. serotonin transporter [SERT]) and produces an antidepressant effect. This study aimed to identify a link between the lncRNA NONHSAG045500 and the pathogenesis of PND. METHODS Female C57BL/6 J mice were divided into normal control group (control group, n = 15), chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model group (PND group, n = 15), lncRNA NONHSAG045500-overexpressed group (LNC group, sublingual intravenous injection of NONHSAG045500 overexpression cells for 7 days, n = 15), and escitalopram treatment group (i.e. the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI] group, with escitalopram administered from the 10th day after pregnancy to the 10th day after delivery, n = 15). Control group mice were conceived normally, whereas, in the other groups, a CUS model was established before mice were conceived. Depressive-like behaviour was assessed via sucrose preference, forced swimming, and open-field tests. The expression levels of 5-HT, SERT, and cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway-related proteins in the prefrontal cortex were detected on the 10th day after delivery. RESULTS Mice in the PND group exhibited significant depressive-like behaviours compared with those in the control group, indicating that the PND model was successfully established. The expression of lncRNA NONHSAG045500 was markedly decreased in the PND group compared with that in the control group. After treatment, both LNC and SSRI groups showed a significant improvement in depression-like behaviour, and the expression of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex was increased in these groups compared with that in the PND group. In addition, the LNC group displayed lower expression of SERT and higher expression of cAMP, PKA, and CREB when in comparison to PND group. CONCLUSION NONHSAG045500 mediates the development of PND mainly by activating the cAMP-PKA-CREB pathway, increasing the level of 5-HT, and decreasing the expression of SERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Cui
- Department of Psychology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yongjuan Xu
- Department of Cervical, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Psychology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Psychology, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou, P.R. China
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LncRNA XR_351665 Contributes to Chronic Pain-Induced Depression by Upregulating DNMT1 via Sponging miR-152-3p. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:449-462. [PMID: 36257574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is frequently comorbid with depression. However, the mechanisms underlying chronic pain-induced depression remain unclear. Here, we found that DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was upregulated in the central amygdala (CeA) of spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced chronic pain-depression rats, and knockdown of DNMT1 could improve the depression-like behaviors in SNI rats. Additionally, a panel of differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 38 upregulated and 12 downregulated lncRNAs, were identified by microarray analysis. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the upregulated lncRNA XR_351665 was the upstream molecule to regulate DNMT1 expression. The knockdown of XR_351665 significantly alleviated the depression-like behaviors in SNI rats, whereas overexpression of XR_351665 induced the depression-like behaviors in naïve rats. Further mechanism-related researches uncovered that XR_351665 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to upregulate DNMT1 by competitively sponging miR-152-3p, and subsequently promoted the development of chronic pain-induced depression. Our findings suggest that lncRNA XR_351665 is involved in the development of chronic pain-induced depression by upregulating DNMT1 via sponging miR-152-3p. These data provide novel insight into understanding the pathogenesis of chronic pain-induced depression and identify a potential therapeutic target. PERSPECTIVE: LncRNA XR_351665 in CeA functions as a ceRNA to block the inhibitory effect of miR-152-3p on DNMT1 and contributes to the development of chronic pain-induced depression. These data suggest that manipulation of XR_351665/miR-152-3p/DNMT1 axis may be a potential method to attenuate chronic pain-induced depression.
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Zhao T, Piao LH, Li DP, Xu SH, Wang SY, Yuan HB, Zhang CX. BDNF gene hydroxymethylation in hippocampus related to neuroinflammation-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:723-730. [PMID: 36529411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a multifactorial condition related to glial cells and neurons activation, and it is implicated in CNS disorders including depression. BDNF is a crucial molecule that related to the pathology of depression, and it is the target of DNA methylation. DNA hydroxymethylation, an active demethylation process can convert 5-mC to 5-hmC by Tets catalyzation to regulate gene transcription. The regulatory function for BDNF gene in response to neuroinflammation remains poorly understood. METHODS Neuroinflammation and depressive-like behaviors were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in mice. The microglial activation and cellular 5-hmC localization in the hippocampus were confirmed by immunostaining. The transcripts of Tets and BDNF were examined by qPCR method. The global 5-hmC levels and enrichment of 5-hmC in BDNF gene in the hippocampus were analyzed using dot bolt and hMeDIP-sequencing analysis. RESULTS LPS administration induced a spectrum of depression-like behaviors (including behavioral despair and anhedonia) and increased expression of Iba-1, a marker for microglia activation, in hippocampus, demonstrating that LPS treatment cloud provide stable model of neuroinflammation with depressive-like behaviors as expected. Our results showed that Tet1, Tet2 and Tet3 mRNA expressions and consequent global 5-hmC levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of LPS group compared to saline group. We also demonstrated that 5-hmC fluorescence in the hippocampus located in excitatory neurons identified by CaMK II immunostaining. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the enrichment of 5-hmC in BDNF gene was decreased and corresponding BDNF mRNA was down-regulated in the hippocampus in LPS group compared to saline group. CONCLUSION Neuroinflammation-triggered aberrant BDNF gene hydroxymethylation in the hippocampus is an important epigenetic element that relates with depression-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Zhao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Lian-Hua Piao
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Dan-Ping Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shi-Han Xu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shu-Yi Wang
- The Second Bethune Clinical Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Sleep Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Chun-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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The role of DNA methylation in progression of neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as the prospect of using DNA methylation inhibitors as therapeutic agents for such disorders. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 14:28-37. [PMID: 36590248 PMCID: PMC9794904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide studies related to neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases have pointed to the role of epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. DNA methylation machinery controls the dynamic regulation of methylation patterns in discrete brain regions. Objective This review aims to describe the role of DNA methylation in inhibiting and progressing neurological and neurodegenerative disorders and therapeutic approaches. Methods A Systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was conducted for all qualified studies from 2000 to 2022. Results For the current need of time, we have focused on the DNA methylation role in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases and the expression of genes involved in neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer's, Depression, and Rett Syndrome. Finally, it appears that the various epigenetic changes do not occur separately and that DNA methylation and histone modification changes occur side by side and affect each other. We focused on the role of modification of DNA methylation in several genes associated with depression (NR3C1, NR3C2, CRHR1, SLC6A4, BDNF, and FKBP5), Rett syndrome (MECP2), Alzheimer's, depression (APP, BACE1, BIN1 or ANK1) and Parkinson's disease (SNCA), as well as the co-occurring modifications to histones and expression of non-coding RNAs. Understanding these epigenetic changes and their interactions will lead to better treatment strategies. Conclusion This review captures the state of understanding of the epigenetics of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. With new epigenetic mechanisms and targets undoubtedly on the horizon, pharmacological modulation and regulation of epigenetic processes in the brain holds great promise for therapy.
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Hu S, He L, Chen B, You Y. Apelin-13 attenuates depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress via activating AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. Peptides 2022; 156:170847. [PMID: 35908670 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress induces neuronal death and impairs hippocampal neurogenesis, thus leading to cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviors. Our previous studies found that apelin-13, a novel neuropeptide, and its receptors can improve cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors in rats, but its mechanism remains unknown. The study aims to evaluate the underlying mechanism of apelin-13 on cognitive impairment and depressive-like behaviors. A 4-week chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is used to establish a rat model of depression. Apelin-13(2 ug/day) is administered daily to the rats during the last 1 week. Depressive-like behaviors, including tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT), are performed. The cognitive functions are established by identify index of novel objects recognition test (NORT) and the number of crossing hidden platform in morris water maze (MWM). The neuronal death is measured by popidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the hippocampus are determined. The protein expressions of p-AMPK, AMPK, BDNF, FNDC5 and PGC-1α are examined. Golgi staining observed the spine dendritic arborization of the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) subregion. Results showed that apelin-13 improves cognitive impairment and ameliorates depressive-like behaviors. Moreover, apelin-13 significantly inhibits neuronal death via AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway. Taken together, apelin-13 could exert antidepressant effects via protecting neuron functions, which might be related to the activation of AMPK/PGC-1α/FNDC5/BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Lu He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Bin Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan 570216, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Yong You
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Haikou, Hainan 570216, China; First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Department of Neurology, Hengyang, Hunan 431001, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Brain Research and Transformation, Hainan 571199, China; International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC), Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China.
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Xie Y, Wu Z, Sun L, Zhou L, Xiao L, Wang H, Wang G. Swimming exercise reverses chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors and alleviates neuroinflammation and collapsing response mediator protein-2-mediated neuroplasticity injury in adult male mice. Neuroreport 2022; 33:272-282. [PMID: 35383656 PMCID: PMC9354724 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired neuroplasticity and neuroinflammation are vital in the mechanisms of depression. Exercise alleviates depressive symptoms and ameliorates body functions. Swimming is one of the most common exercises; however, whether swimming alters depressive behaviors and the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS Male C57/BL6J mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 6 weeks and then were subjected to a 5-week swimming program. Behavioral test, including sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, and tail suspension test (TST), was conducted to assess the anxiety-like and depressive behaviors. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were carried out after tissue collection. RESULTS This study showed that CUMS-induced depressive behaviors but swimming exercise increased sucrose preference in SPT, increased time and velocity in the center on OFT, decreased time in the closed arm, increased time in the open arm in EPM, and decreased immobility time in TST. We further found swimming exercise increased hippocampal collapsing response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) expression and decreased p-CRMP2 expression in CUMS mice. CUMS inhibited the levels of α-tubulin and CRMP2, and the expression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 and caspase-1, whereas swimming reversed them in CUMS-exercised mice. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that swimming exercise reverses CUMS-induced depressive behaviors, and neuroinflammation and CRMP2-mediated neuroplasticity are involved, which may provide a new insight into the antidepression therapy of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zuotian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, PR China
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Huang X, Yang Q, Xie L, Lei S. Histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit exacerbates inflammation in depression rats by modulating microglia polarization. Bioengineered 2022; 13:5509-5524. [PMID: 35172677 PMCID: PMC8973615 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major cause of emotional agony and degraded living quality. Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2) is involved in histone methylation in human diseases. This experiment was designed to investigate the mechanism of EZH2 on depression. Depression rat model was established via the treatment of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to identify rat depression-like behaviors. EZH2 expression was determined and then silenced to assess its effect on depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation. Microglia were isolated, cultured, identified and activated to assess EZH2 expression. Effect of EZH2 on microglia polarization was evaluated. Next, the binding relation between microRNA (miR)-29b-3p and EZH2 or matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) was analyzed. Levels of miR-29b-3p expression and MMP2 transcription were examined. Additionally, the role of miR-29b-3p in microglia polarization was tested. Depression-like behaviors were exhibited after CUMS induction. EZH2 was overexpressed in CUMS-treated rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglia. EZH2 silencing reversed depression-like behaviors. EZH2 silencing mitigated inflammation in depression by manipulating microglia M2-type polarization. EZH2 targeted miR-29b-3p expression to promote MMP2 transcription. Inhibition of miR-29b-3p reversed the role of EZH2 silencing in microglia M2-type polarization and promoted inflammation. EZH2 inhibited miR-29b-3p expression by combining with miR-29b-3p promoter and trimethylation of histone H3-lysine 27-trimethylated upregulation, and then elevated MMP2 transcription and triggered microglia M1-type polarization, thus exacerbating depression-like behaviors and neuroinflammation of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhu Huang
- Mental Medicine, College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated with North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Kangning Hospital Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated with North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Kangning Hospital Affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sihong Lei
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital Affiliated with North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Sun L, Wang G, Wu Z, Xie Y, Zhou L, Xiao L, Wang H. Swimming exercise reduces the vulnerability to stress and contributes to the AKT/GSK3β/CRMP2 pathway and microtubule dynamics mediated protective effects on neuroplasticity in male C57BL/6 mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 211:173285. [PMID: 34626621 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While swimming exercise has been shown to positively affect the development of the nervous system, it still remains unclear whether it reduces the vulnerability to stress. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to swimming training for 5 weeks, and then subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 4 weeks. We found that swimming exercise prevented anxiety-like and depressive phenotypes induced by CUMS, including increased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) test and increased despair behavior in the tail suspension test (TST). Moreover, the control+stress group showed reduced expression of phosphorylated AKT kinase (p-AKT), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β), and tubulin-tyrosine ligase (Tyr-tubulin) and increased protein expression of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein 2 (p-CRMP-2); the control+control, swim+control, and swim+stress groups exhibited higher expression of these proteins than the control+stress group. This study confirmed that swimming exercise could reduce the vulnerability of individuals to stress and that it contributes to the AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 pathway and microtubule dynamics mediated protective effects on neuroplasticity. The AKT/GSK-3β/CRMP-2 pathway and microtubule dynamics may be involved in resilience to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Zuotian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yumeng Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Road No. 238, Wuhan 430060, China
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