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Marquez-Pedroza J, Hernández-Preciado MR, Valdivia-Tangarife ER, Alvarez-Padilla FJ, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Torres-Mendoza BM. Pregnant Women with Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Gene Expression and Molecular Interaction Using Bioinformatics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6741. [PMID: 38928446 PMCID: PMC11203715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common disease in young women of reproductive age, characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding how genes related to MS are expressed during pregnancy can provide insights into the potential mechanisms by which pregnancy affects the course of this disease. This review article presents evidence-based studies on these patients' gene expression patterns. In addition, it constructs interaction networks using bioinformatics tools, such as STRING and KEGG pathways, to understand the molecular role of each of these genes. Bioinformatics research identified 25 genes and 21 signaling pathways, which allows us to understand pregnancy patients' genetic and biological phenomena and formulate new questions about MS during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmin Marquez-Pedroza
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Martha Rocio Hernández-Preciado
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | | | - Francisco J. Alvarez-Padilla
- Translational Bioengineering Department, University Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Mario Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- High Specialty Medical Unit, Western National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
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2
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Tang Y, Li L. The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:367-388. [PMID: 38229706 PMCID: PMC10790641 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by the body's chronic immune responses to self-antigens and attacks on the host's own cells, tissues and organs. The dysfunction of innate immunity and adaptive immunity leads to the destruction of autoimmune tolerance, which is the most basic factor leading to pathogenesis. The optimal strategy for autoimmune diseases is to modify the host immune system to restore tolerance. The ideal effect of therapeutic autoimmune diseases is to eliminate the autoantigen-specific spontaneous immune response without interfering with the immune response against other antigens. Therapeutic nanovaccines that produce immune tolerance conform to this principle. Nanomaterials provide a platform for antigen loading and modification due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Nanovaccines based on nanomaterial technology can simultaneously enable antigens and adjuvants to be absorbed by immune cells and induce rapid and durable immunity. Nanovaccines have the advantages of being able to be designed and loaded and of better protecting antigens from premature degradation. Nanovaccines also have the ability to target specific tissues or cells through optimized design. We review the latest research progress of nanovaccines for autoimmune diseases and the design strategies of nanovaccines to promote the development of more effective nanovaccines for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Tang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zaccai S, Nemirovsky A, Lerner L, Alfahel L, Eremenko E, Israelson A, Monsonego A. CD4 T-cell aging exacerbates neuroinflammation in a late-onset mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38212835 PMCID: PMC10782641 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Accumulating evidence suggests that ALS is not solely a neuronal cell- or brain tissue-autonomous disease and that neuroinflammation plays a key role in disease progression. Furthermore, whereas both CD4 and CD8 T cells were observed in spinal cords of ALS patients and in mouse models of the disease, their role in the neuroinflammatory process, especially considering their functional changes with age, is not fully explored. In this study, we revealed the structure of the CD4 T-cell compartment during disease progression of early-onset SOD1G93A and late-onset SOD1G37R mouse models of ALS. We show age-related changes in the CD4 T-cell subset organization between these mutant SOD1 mouse models towards increased frequency of effector T cells in spleens of SOD1G37R mice and robust infiltration of CD4 T cells expressing activation markers and the checkpoint molecule PD1 into the spinal cord. The frequency of infiltrating CD4 T cells correlated with the frequency of infiltrating CD8 T cells which displayed a more exhausted phenotype. Moreover, RNA-Seq and immunohistochemistry analyses of spinal cords from SOD1G37R mice with early clinical symptoms demonstrated immunological trajectories reminiscent of a neurotoxic inflammatory response which involved proinflammatory T cells and antigen presentation related pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that age-related changes of the CD4 T cell landscape is indicative of a chronic inflammatory response, which aggravates the disease process and can be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Zaccai
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Anna Nemirovsky
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Livnat Lerner
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Leenor Alfahel
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ekaterina Eremenko
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Adrian Israelson
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences and The School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel.
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Singh S, Singh N, Baranwal M, Sharma S, Devi SSK, Kumar S. Understanding immune checkpoints and PD-1/PD-L1-mediated immune resistance towards tumour immunotherapy. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:411. [PMID: 37997595 PMCID: PMC10663421 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative approach in the treatment of various cancers, offering new hope for patients previously faced with limited treatment options. A cornerstone of cancer immunotherapy lies in targeting immune checkpoints, particularly the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Immune checkpoints serve as crucial regulators of the immune response, preventing excessive immune activity and maintaining self-tolerance. PD-1, expressed on the surface of T cells, and its ligand PD-L1, expressed on various cell types, including cancer cells and immune cells, play a central role in this regulatory process. Although the success rate associated with these immunotherapies is very promising, most patients still show intrinsic or acquired resistance. Since the mechanisms related to PD-1/PD-L1 resistance are not well understood, an in-depth analysis is necessary to improve the success rate of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Hence, here we provide an overview of PD-1, its ligand PD-L1, and the resistance mechanism towards PD-1/PD-L1. Furthermore, we have discussed the plausible solution to increase efficacy and clinical response. For the following research, joint endeavours of clinicians and basic scientists are essential to address the limitation of resistance towards immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Singh
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, D Y Patil International University, Pune, Maharastra 411051 India
| | - Navneet Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Manoj Baranwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004 India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004 India
| | - S. S. Kirthiga Devi
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037 India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Regulatory Affairs, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037 India
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Daei Sorkhabi A, Komijani E, Sarkesh A, Ghaderi Shadbad P, Aghebati-Maleki A, Aghebati-Maleki L. Advances in immune checkpoint-based immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: rationale and practice. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:321. [PMID: 37946301 PMCID: PMC10634124 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the encouraging results and broad clinical applicability of immune checkpoint (ICP) inhibitors in cancer therapy, ICP-based immunotherapies in the context of autoimmune disease, particularly multiple sclerosis (MS), have garnered considerable attention and hold great potential for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Given the well-established immunoregulatory role of ICPs in maintaining a balance between stimulatory and inhibitory signaling pathways to promote immune tolerance to self-antigens, a dysregulated expression pattern of ICPs has been observed in a significant proportion of patients with MS and its animal model called experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is associated with autoreactivity towards myelin and neurodegeneration. Consequently, there is a rationale for developing immunotherapeutic strategies to induce inhibitory ICPs while suppressing stimulatory ICPs, including engineering immune cells to overexpress ligands for inhibitory ICP receptors, such as program death-1 (PD-1), or designing fusion proteins, namely abatacept, to bind and inhibit the co-stimulatory pathways involved in overactivated T-cell mediated autoimmunity, and other strategies that will be discussed in-depth in the current review. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Erfan Komijani
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pedram Ghaderi Shadbad
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Dąbrowska A, Grubba M, Balihodzic A, Szot O, Sobocki BK, Perdyan A. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in Cancer Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14114. [PMID: 37762416 PMCID: PMC10531820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in cancer treatment in recent years, treatment resistance is still a major challenge for a great number of patients. One of the main causes is regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), which suppress excessive inflammatory responses via the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and upregulate the immune checkpoints. Their abundance causes an immunosuppressive reprogramming of the tumor environment, which is ideal for tumor growth and drug inefficiency. Hence, regiments that can regain tumor immunogenicity are a promising strategy to overcome Tregs-mediated drug resistance. However, to develop effective therapeutic regimens, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of Treg-mediated resistance. In this article, we gathered a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on molecular mechanisms and the role of Tregs in cancer treatment resistance, including cancer immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dąbrowska
- Student Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Grubba
- Student Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amar Balihodzic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olga Szot
- Student Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
- Student Scientific Circle of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrian Perdyan
- 3P-Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Vikberg S, Lindau R, Solders M, Raffetseder J, Budhwar S, Ernerudh J, Tiblad E, Kaipe H. Labour promotes systemic mobilisation of monocytes, T cell activation and local secretion of chemotactic factors in the intervillous space of the placenta. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1129261. [PMID: 36969250 PMCID: PMC10030611 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1129261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal blood circulates through the intervillous space of the placenta and the reciprocal interactions between foetal tissues and maternal immune cells makes the intervillous space a unique immunological niche. Labour is characterised by a proinflammatory response in the myometrium, but the relationship between local and systemic changes during the onset of labour remains elusive. We here aimed to investigate how the systemic and intervillous circulatory systems are affected during labour from an immunological point of view. We report that the proportion of monocytes is dramatically higher in peripheral (PB), intervillous blood (IVB) and decidua in labouring (n = 14) compared to non-labouring women (n = 15), suggesting that labour leads to both a systemic and local mobilisation of monocytes. Labour was associated with a relative increase of effector memory T cells in the intervillous space compared to the periphery, and MAIT cells and T cells showed an elevated expression of activation markers both in PB and IVB. Intervillous monocytes consisted to a higher degree of CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes compared to peripheral monocytes, independently of mode of delivery, and displayed an altered phenotypic expression pattern. A proximity extension assay analysis of 168 proteins revealed that several proteins associated to myeloid cell migration and function, including CCL2 and M-CSF, were upregulated in IVB plasma in labouring women. Thus, the intervillous space could be a bridging site for the communication between the placenta and the periphery, which contribute to monocyte mobilisation and generation of inflammatory reactions during spontaneous labour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vikberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Lindau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Solders
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Raffetseder
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Snehil Budhwar
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eleonor Tiblad
- Center for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Kaipe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Helen Kaipe,
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8
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Zhang S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Lv P, Guo S. The protective effect of total glucosides of white paeony capsules on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152313. [PMID: 36586141 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To learn about the effect and mechanism of total glucosides of white peony capsule (TGP), on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an acknowledged animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS The rat model of EAE was induced by subcutaneous injection with guinea pig spinal cord homogenate. The severity of the disease model was assessed by clinical score, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and luxol fast blue (LFB). Immunohistochemical assay was used to observe the types of inflammatory cells and adhesive molecule expression. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect content of the stem cell growth factor / mast cell growth factor (scf/MGF), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-2. Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe the expression of connexin43 (Cx43), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), connexin47 (Cx47) and the monoclonal antibody anti-adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) clone CC1. RESULTS Compare with the animals in EAE model group, TGP treated rats (particularly those treated with high doses) showed a significant decrease in morbidity, clinical scores, CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells (including mononuclear macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) and demyelination. The key adhesion molecule ICAM-1, cytokines IL-2、IL-6 and scf/MGF were significantly decreased with TGP treatment. Oppositely, PD-1, connexin47 in oligodendrocytes and connexin43 in astrocytes were elevated with TGP treatment. CONCLUSION To sum up, TGP exhibited a significantly prevention and treatment effect on EAE rat model, and this improvement was achieved through a combination way composed of glial and inflammatory cells, junction proteins, various factors including adhesion factors, interleukins and scf/MGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
| | - Peng Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Sanxing Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China.
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Papapavlou Lingehed G, Hellberg S, Huang J, Khademi M, Kockum I, Carlsson H, Tjernberg I, Svenvik M, Lind J, Blomberg M, Vrethem M, Mellergård J, Gustafsson M, Jenmalm MC, Olsson T, Ernerudh J. Plasma protein profiling reveals dynamic immunomodulatory changes in multiple sclerosis patients during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930947. [PMID: 35967338 PMCID: PMC9373039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Pregnancy represents a natural modulation of the disease course, where the relapse rate decreases, especially in the 3rd trimester, followed by a transient exacerbation after delivery. Although the exact mechanisms behind the pregnancy-induced modulation are yet to be deciphered, it is likely that the immune tolerance established during pregnancy is involved. In this study, we used the highly sensitive and specific proximity extension assay technology to perform protein profiling analysis of 92 inflammation-related proteins in MS patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=10), longitudinally sampled before, during, and after pregnancy. Differential expression analysis was performed using linear models and p-values were adjusted for false discovery rate due to multiple comparisons. Our findings reveal gradual dynamic changes in plasma proteins that are most prominent during the 3rd trimester while reverting post-partum. Thus, this pattern reflects the disease activity of MS during pregnancy. Among the differentially expressed proteins in pregnancy, several proteins with known immunoregulatory properties were upregulated, such as PD-L1, LIF-R, TGF-β1, and CCL28. On the other hand, inflammatory chemokines such as CCL8, CCL13, and CXCL5, as well as members of the tumor necrosis factor family, TRANCE and TWEAK, were downregulated. Further in-depth studies will reveal if these proteins can serve as biomarkers in MS and whether they are mechanistically involved in the disease amelioration and worsening. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved may identify new treatment strategies mimicking the pregnancy milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papapavlou Lingehed
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sandra Hellberg
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jesse Huang
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Carlsson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ivar Tjernberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Region Kalmar County, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Svenvik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Region Kalmar County, Kalmar, Sweden and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lind
- Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Blomberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus Vrethem
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Mellergård
- Department of Neurology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria C. Jenmalm
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Wang L, Liang Y. MicroRNAs as T Lymphocyte Regulators in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:865529. [PMID: 35548667 PMCID: PMC9082748 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.865529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA with regulatory activities, which generally regulates the expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is thought to be an autoimmune-mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that typically affect young adults. T lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS, and studies have suggested that miRNAs are involved in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and functional maintenance of T lymphocytes in MS. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs may lead to the differentiation balance and dysfunction of T lymphocytes, and they are thus involved in the occurrence and development of MS. In addition, some specific miRNAs, such as miR-155 and miR-326, may have potential diagnostic values for MS or be useful for discriminating subtypes of MS. Moreover, miRNAs may be a promising therapeutic strategy for MS by regulating T lymphocyte function. By summarizing the recent literature, we reviewed the involvement of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of MS, the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis and disease progression of MS by regulating T lymphocytes, the possibility of differentially expressed miRNAs to function as biomarkers for MS diagnosis, and the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in MS by regulating T lymphocytes.
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