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Stekic A, Dragic M, Stanojevic J, Zaric Kontic M, Stevanovic I, Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Mihajlovic K, Nedeljkovic N. Impaired olfactory performance and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of multiple sclerosis are associated with enhanced adenosine signaling in the olfactory bulb via A 1R, A 2BR, and A 3R. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1407975. [PMID: 39139401 PMCID: PMC11320153 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1407975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study shows that animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibit olfactory dysfunction and impaired general cognitive abilities, as well as anxiety-like behavior. Olfactory dysfunction occurs on average at 2 dpi, well before the onset of the first motor signs of EAE (8-10 dpi). After the initial olfactory dysfunction, the EAE animals show a fluctuation in olfactory performance that resembles the relapsing-remitting course of human MS. The study also shows severe neuroinflammation in the olfactory bulb (OB), with numerous infiltrated CD4+ T cells and peripheral macrophages in the superficial OB layers, marked microgliosis, and massive induction of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Reduced tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the glomerular layer, pronounced granule cell atrophy, and reduced numbers of type B neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream also indicate altered plasticity of the neuronal network in the OB. Considering the exceptionally high purinome expression in the OB, the possible involvement of purinergic signaling was also investigated. The study shows that macrophages infiltrating the OB overexpress A3R, while highly reactive microglia overexpress the adenosine-producing enzyme eN/CD73 as well as A2BR, A3R, and P2X4R. Given the simultaneous induction of complement component C3, the results suggest that the microglial cells develop a functional phenotype of phagocytizing microglia. The study also demonstrates transcriptional and translational upregulation of A1R in mitral and tufted cells, which likely influence resting network activity in OB and likely contribute to olfactory dysfunction in EAE. Overall, our study shows that olfactory dysfunction and altered social and cognitive behavior in EAE are associated with increased adenosine signaling via A1R, A2BR, and A3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Institute of National Significance, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanojevic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Mihajlovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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See LP, Sripinun P, Lu W, Li J, Alboloushi N, Alvarez-Periel E, Lee SM, Karabucak B, Wang S, Jordan Sciutto KL, Theken KN, Mitchell CH. Increased Purinergic Signaling in Human Dental Pulps With Inflammatory Pain is Sex-Dependent. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:1039-1058. [PMID: 37956743 PMCID: PMC11129867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced understanding of neurotransmitter systems contributing to pain transmission aids in drug development, while the identification of biological variables like age and sex helps in the development of personalized pain management and effective clinical trial design. This study identified enhanced expression of purinergic signaling components specifically in painful inflammation, with levels increased more in women as compared to men. Inflammatory dental pain is common and potentially debilitating; as inflammation of the dental pulp can occur with or without pain, it provides a powerful model to examine distinct pain pathways in humans. In control tissues, P2X3 and P2X2 receptors colocalized with PGP9.5-positive nerves. Expression of the ecto-nucleotidase NTPDase1 (CD39) increased with exposure to extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), implying CD39 acted as a marker for sustained elevation of extracellular ATP. Both immunohistochemistry and immunoblots showed P2X2, P2X3, and CD39 increased in symptomatic pulpitis, suggesting receptors and the ATP agonist were elevated in patients with increased pain. The increased expression of P2X3 and CD39 was more frequently observed in women than men. In summary, this study identifies CD39 as a marker for chronic elevation of extracellular ATP in fixed human tissue. It supports a role for increased purinergic signaling in humans with inflammatory dental pain and suggests the contribution of purines shows sexual dimorphism. This highlights the potential for P2X antagonists to treat pain in humans and stresses the need to consider sex in clinical trials that target pain and purinergic pathways. PERSPECTIVE: This article demonstrates an elevation of ATP-marker CD39 and of ATP receptors P2X2 and P2X3 with inflammatory pain and suggests the rise is greater in women. This highlights the potential for P2X antagonists to treat pain and stresses the consideration of sexual dimorphism in studies of purines and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily P. See
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Puttipong Sripinun
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Wennan Lu
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Naela Alboloushi
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Su-Min Lee
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bekir Karabucak
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | | | - Katherine N. Theken
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Claire H. Mitchell
- Departments of Basic and Translational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Wendlandt M, Kürten AJ, Beiersdorfer A, Schubert C, Samad-Yazdtchi K, Sauer J, Pinto MC, Schulz K, Friese MA, Gee CE, Hirnet D, Lohr C. A 2A adenosine receptor-driven cAMP signaling in olfactory bulb astrocytes is unaffected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273837. [PMID: 38077336 PMCID: PMC10701430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The cyclic nucleotide cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger, which is known to play an important anti-inflammatory role. Astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) can modulate inflammation but little is known about the significance of cAMP in their function. Methods We investigated cAMP dynamics in mouse olfactory bulb astrocytes in brain slices prepared from healthy and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. Results The purinergic receptor ligands adenosine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) both induced transient increases in cAMP in astrocytes expressing the genetically encoded cAMP sensor Flamindo2. The A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 inhibited the responses. Similar transient increases in astrocytic cAMP occurred when olfactory receptor neurons were stimulated electrically, resulting in ATP release from the stimulated axons that increased cAMP, again via A2A receptors. Notably, A2A-mediated responses to ATP and adenosine were not different in EAE mice as compared to healthy mice. Discussion Our results indicate that ATP, synaptically released by afferent axons in the olfactory bulb, is degraded to adenosine that acts on A2A receptors in astrocytes, thereby increasing the cytosolic cAMP concentration. However, this pathway is not altered in the olfactory bulb of EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Wendlandt
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alina J. Kürten
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Schubert
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jessica Sauer
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Carolina Pinto
- Institute of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Schulz
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A. Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine E. Gee
- Institute of Synaptic Physiology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Hirnet
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Lohr
- Division of Neurophysiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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