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Liu Y, Feng X, Wang J, Li M. Neuroprotective Effect of Ganoderic Acid against Focal Ischemic Stroke Induced by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in the Rats via Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024:10.1134/S1607672924600313. [PMID: 39023671 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672924600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Stroke is recognized as a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, posing a significant challenge, particularly in developing countries. The current study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Ganoderic acid (GA) against focal ischemic stroke in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Swiss Wistar rats were used for the current study. The rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to simulate transient focal ischemia, followed by reperfusion. Various neurological parameters, including infarct size, neurological deficit score, brain water content, Evans blue leakage, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), antioxidant levels, inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis markers, inflammatory parameters, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) levels, were estimated. Additionally, mRNA expressions were evaluated in the brain tissue. RESULTS Dose dependently treatment of GA significantly (P < 0.001) suppressed the infarct size, neurological deflects score, brain water, evans blue leakage, NO, iNOS, LDH, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100β) and K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (KCC1) positive cells. GA altered the level of oxidative stress parameters like Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), malonaldehyde (MDA); cytokines viz., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10; inflammatory parameters such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin (PGE2), Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); apoptosis parameters like B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax), Caspase-3; matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) parameters like MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, respectively. GA remarkably suppressed the mRNA expression of TRL-4, Syndecan-1, CSF, Aquaporin-1, OCT3, and RFX1. CONCLUSION Ganoderic acid exhibited the protection against the cerebral ischemia reperfusion via multiple mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuemei Feng
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China
| | - Mingfen Li
- Department of Neurology, Yibin No. 4 People's Hospital, Yibin Sichuan, China
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Schoofs H, Schmit J, Rink L. Zinc Toxicity: Understanding the Limits. Molecules 2024; 29:3130. [PMID: 38999082 PMCID: PMC11243279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc, a vital trace element, holds significant importance in numerous physiological processes within the body. It participates in over 300 enzymatic reactions, metabolic functions, regulation of gene expression, apoptosis and immune modulation, thereby demonstrating its essential role in maintaining overall health and well-being. While zinc deficiency is associated with significant health risks, an excess of this trace element can also lead to harmful effects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 to 15 mg per day are referred to be the dietary reference value. An excess of the recommended daily intake may result in symptoms such as anemia, neutropenia and zinc-induced copper deficiency. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines the tolerable upper intake level (UL) as 25 mg per day, whereas the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows 40 mg per day. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding the calculation of UL and other health risks associated with zinc. For example, zinc intake is not limited to oral consumption; other routes, such as inhalation or topical application, may also pose risks of zinc intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Schoofs
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joyce Schmit
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Wang Y, Xiao J, Wei S, Su Y, Yang X, Su S, Lan L, Chen X, Huang T, Shan Q. Protective effect of zinc gluconate on intestinal mucosal barrier injury in antibiotics and LPS-induced mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1407091. [PMID: 38855764 PMCID: PMC11157515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1407091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the function and mechanism of Zinc Gluconate (ZG) on intestinal mucosal barrier damage in antibiotics and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice. Methods We established a composite mouse model by inducing intestinal mucosal barrier damage using antibiotics and LPS. The animals were divided into five groups: Control (normal and model) and experimental (low, medium, and high-dose ZG treatments). We evaluated the intestinal mucosal barrier using various methods, including monitoring body weight and fecal changes, assessing pathological damage and ultrastructure of the mouse ileum, analyzing expression levels of tight junction (TJ)-related proteins and genes, confirming the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and examining the structure of the intestinal flora. Results In mice, the dual induction of antibiotics and LPS led to weight loss, fecal abnormalities, disruption of ileocecal mucosal structure, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and disorganization of the microbiota structure. ZG restored body weight, alleviated diarrheal symptoms and pathological damage, and maintained the structural integrity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Additionally, ZG reduced intestinal mucosal permeability by upregulating TJ-associated proteins (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and JAM-A) and downregulating MLCK, thereby repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage induced by dual induction of antibiotics and LPS. Moreover, ZG suppressed the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties and preserving barrier integrity. Furthermore, ZG restored gut microbiota diversity and richness, evidenced by increased Shannon and Observed features indices, and decreased Simpson's index. ZG also modulated the relative abundance of beneficial human gut bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Parabacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia) and harmful bacteria (Proteobacteria and Enterobacter), repairing the damage induced by dual administration of antibiotics and LPS. Conclusion ZG attenuates the dual induction of antibiotics and LPS-induced intestinal barrier damage and also protects the intestinal barrier function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Sumei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiqi Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liancheng Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiuqi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qingwen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Yang X, Li W, Ding M, Liu KJ, Qi Z, Zhao Y. Contribution of zinc accumulation to ischemic brain injury and its mechanisms about oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy: an update. Metallomics 2024; 16:mfae012. [PMID: 38419293 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and presently, there is no effective neuroprotective therapy. Zinc is an essential trace element that plays important physiological roles in the central nervous system. Free zinc concentration is tightly regulated by zinc-related proteins in the brain under normal conditions. Disruption of zinc homeostasis, however, has been found to play an important role in the mechanism of brain injury following ischemic stroke. A large of free zinc releases from storage sites after cerebral ischemia, which affects the functions and survival of nerve cells, including neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, resulting in cell death. Ischemia-triggered intracellular zinc accumulation also disrupts the function of blood-brain barrier via increasing its permeability, impairing endothelial cell function, and altering tight junction levels. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been reported to be as major pathological mechanisms in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Studies have showed that the accumulation of intracellular free zinc could impair mitochondrial function to result in oxidative stress, and form a positive feedback loop between zinc accumulation and reactive oxygen species production, which leads to a series of harmful reactions. Meanwhile, elevated intracellular zinc leads to neuroinflammation. Recent studies also showed that autophagy is one of the important mechanisms of zinc toxicity after ischemic injury. Interrupting the accumulation of zinc will reduce cerebral ischemia injury and improve neurological outcomes. This review summarizes the role of zinc toxicity in cellular and tissue damage following cerebral ischemia, focusing on the mechanisms about oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Yang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Mao Ding
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Zhifeng Qi
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing 100053, China
- Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, China
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Ge J, Fang C, Tan H, Zhan M, Gu M, Ni J, Yang G, Zhang H, Ni J, Zhang K, Xu B. Endogenous Zinc-Ion-Triggered In Situ Gelation Enables Zn Capture to Reprogram Benign Hyperplastic Prostate Microenvironment and Shrink Prostate. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307796. [PMID: 38096869 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as the leading cause of urination disorder is still a refractory disease, and there have no satisfied drugs or treatment protocols yet. With identifying excessive Zn2+ , inflammation, and oxidative stress as the etiology of aberrant hyperplasia, an injectable sodium alginate (SA) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-interconnected hydrogels (SAGA) featuring Zn2+ -triggered in situ gelation are developed to load lonidamine for reprogramming prostate microenvironment and treating BPH. Herein, SAGA hydrogels can crosslink with Zn2+ in BPH via coordination chelation and switch free Zn2+ to bound ones, consequently alleviating Zn2+ -arisen inflammation and glycolysis. Beyond capturing Zn2+ , GA with intrinsic immunoregulatory property can also alleviate local inflammation and scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intriguingly, Zn2+ chelation-bridged interconnection in SAGA enhances its mechanical property and regulates the degradation rate to enable continuous lonidamine release, favoring hyperplastic acini apoptosis and further inhibiting glycolysis. These multiple actions cooperatively reprogram BPH microenvironment to alleviate characteristic symptoms of BPH and shrink prostate. RNA sequencing reveals that chemotaxis, glycolysis, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inflammation-related pathways associated with M1-like phenotype polarization are discerned as the action rationales of such endogenous Zn2+ -triggered in situ hydrogels, providing a candidate avenue to treat BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Ge
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Ninth People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi-zao-ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Haisong Tan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Ninth People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi-zao-ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhan
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Ninth People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi-zao-ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Ninth People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi-zao-ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Jianshu Ni
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Ninth People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi-zao-ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
| | - Guangcan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Jinliang Ni
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Central Laboratory, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Section 2, First Ring Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Ninth People' s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhi-zao-ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, P. R. China
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Wu S, Liu C, Tang J, Wu C, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Han J, Xue J, Lin J, Chen Y, Yang J, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Tafluprost promotes axon regeneration after optic nerve crush via Zn 2+-mTOR pathway. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109746. [PMID: 37832634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether Tafluprost could promote optic nerve regeneration in mice after optic nerve crush (ONC) and determine the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Tafluprost was injected into the vitreous body immediately after ONC. The level of Zn2+ in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the retina was stained using autometallography (AMG). The number of survival retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was determined via dual staining with RGC markers Tuj1 and RBPMS. Individual axons that regenerated to 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mm were manually counted in the whole-mount optic nerve labeled by cholera toxin B fragment (CTB). Immunofluorescence and Western blot were performed to detect protein expression levels. Pattern electroretinogram was used to evaluate RGCs function. RESULTS Tafluprost promoted RGC survival in a dose-dependent manner with an optimal concentration of 1 μM. Tafluprost significantly decreased ZnT-3 expression and Zn2+ accumulation in the IPL of retina. Tafluprost stimulated intense axonal regeneration and maintained RGCs function compared to control. Mechanistically, Tafluprost and Zn2+ elimination treatment (TPEN or ZnT-3 deletion) can activate the mTOR pathway with an improved percentage of pS6+ RGCs in the retina. However, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of the mTOR1, inhibited the activation of the mTOR pathway and abolished the regenerative effect mediated by Tafluprost. Tafluprost also inhibited the upregulation of p62, LC3 and Beclin-1, attenuated the overactivation of microglia/macrophages and downregulated the expression of TNFα and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Tafluprost promoted axon regeneration via regulation of the Zn2+-mTOR pathway, and provide novel research directions for glaucomatous optic nerve injury mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Canying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Caiqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiaxu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingfei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jicheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuze Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Orellana-Urzúa S, Briones-Valdivieso C, Chichiarelli S, Saso L, Rodrigo R. Potential Role of Natural Antioxidants in Countering Reperfusion Injury in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ischemic Stroke. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1760. [PMID: 37760064 PMCID: PMC10525378 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke and acute myocardial infarction are leading causes of mortality worldwide. The latter accounts for approximately 9 million deaths annually. In turn, ischemic stroke is a significant contributor to adult physical disability globally. While reperfusion is crucial for tissue recovery, it can paradoxically exacerbate damage through oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and cell death. Therefore, it is imperative to explore diverse approaches aimed at minimizing ischemia/reperfusion injury to enhance clinical outcomes. OS primarily arises from an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased endogenous antioxidant potential. Natural antioxidant compounds can counteract the injury mechanisms linked to ROS. While promising preclinical results, based on monotherapies, account for protective effects against tissue injury by ROS, translating these models into human applications has yielded controversial evidence. However, since the wide spectrum of antioxidants having diverse chemical characteristics offers varied biological actions on cell signaling pathways, multitherapy has emerged as a valuable therapeutic resource. Moreover, the combination of antioxidants in multitherapy holds significant potential for synergistic effects. This study was designed with the aim of providing an updated overview of natural antioxidants suitable for preventing myocardial and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Orellana-Urzúa
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | | | - Silvia Chichiarelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ramón Rodrigo
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
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Xing B, Yu J, Liu Y, He S, Chen X, Li Z, He L, Yang N, Ping F, Xu L, Li W, Zhang H, Li Y. High Dietary Zinc Intake Is Associated with Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Length, Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: A Study of China Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:904-910. [PMID: 37960914 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diet can influence peripheral leukocyte telomere length (LTL), and various micronutrients have been reported to correlate with it. Zinc is known for its antioxidant properties and immunomodulatory effects. However, there are few epidemiological investigations on the relationship between dietary zinc intake and LTL. This study analyzed the association between dietary zinc and LTL and the potential role of inflammation and oxidative stress among them. DESIGN Cross-sectional and community-based study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 599 participants from rural communities in the Changping suburb of Beijing, China, were recruited. MEASUREMENTS Serum lipid profile, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), oxidative stress marker, and inflammatory cytokines levels were measured. Detailed dietary data were obtained using a 24 h food recall. LTL was assessed using a real-time PCR assay. Spearman analysis, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and general linear regression models were used to determine the association between dietary zinc intake and LTL. Simple regulatory models were also applied to analyze the role of inflammation and oxidative stress among them. RESULTS A total of 482 subjects were ultimately included in this analysis. Spearman analysis showed that dietary zinc intake and zinc intake under energy density were negatively correlated with LTL (r=-0.142 and -0.126, all P <0.05) and positively correlated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (r=0.138 and 0.202, all P <0.05) while only dietary zinc without energy adjustment had a positive correlation with superoxide dismutase (SOD). RCS (P for non-linearity=0.933) and multiple linear regression (B=-0.084, P=0.009) indicated a negative linear association between dietary zinc and LTL. The adjustment of TNF-α rather than SOD could abolish the relationship. The mediation model suggested that the unfavorable effect of dietary zinc on LTL was mediated by TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS High dietary zinc may correlate with telomere attrition, and TNF-α can act as a mediator in this relationship. In the future, more extensive cohort studies are needed to further explore the relationship between dietary zinc and cellular aging and the specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xing
- Wei Li, Huabing Zhang, Yuxiu Li, Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Translation Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Wei Li, ; Huabing Zhang, ; Yuxiu Li,
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