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Pandi-Perumal SR, Saravanan KM, Paul S, Namasivayam GP, Chidambaram SB. Waking Up the Sleep Field: An Overview on the Implications of Genetics and Bioinformatics of Sleep. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:919-931. [PMID: 38198051 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Sleep genetics is an intriguing, as yet less understood, understudied, emerging area of biological and medical discipline. A generalist may not be aware of the current status of the field given the variety of journals that have published studies on the genetics of sleep and the circadian clock over the years. For researchers venturing into this fascinating area, this review thus includes fundamental features of circadian rhythm and genetic variables impacting sleep-wake cycles. Sleep/wake pathway medication exposure and susceptibility are influenced by genetic variations, and the responsiveness of sleep-related medicines is influenced by several functional polymorphisms. This review highlights the features of the circadian timing system and then a genetic perspective on wakefulness and sleep, as well as the relationship between sleep genetics and sleep disorders. Neurotransmission genes, as well as circadian and sleep/wake receptors, exhibit functional variability. Experiments on animals and humans have shown that these genetic variants impact clock systems, signaling pathways, nature, amount, duration, type, intensity, quality, and quantity of sleep. In this regard, the overview covers research on sleep genetics, the genomic properties of several popular model species used in sleep studies, homologs of mammalian genes, sleep disorders, and related genes. In addition, the study includes a brief discussion of sleep, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome from the viewpoint of a model organism. It is suggested that the understanding of genetic clues on sleep function and sleep disorders may, in future, result in an evidence-based, personalized treatment of sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Konda Mani Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600073, India
| | - Sayan Paul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Ganesh Pandian Namasivayam
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), A210, Kyoto University Institute for Advanced Study, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
- Special Interest Group - Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Neurosciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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Zaki NFW, Saleh E, Elwasify M, Mahmoud E, Zaki J, Spence DW, BaHammam AS, Pandi-Perumal SR. The association of BDNF gene polymorphism with cognitive impairment in insomnia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 88:253-264. [PMID: 30076879 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reductions in BDNF activity have shown associations with depressed mood. Other evidence has demonstrated that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) appears to reduce neural plasticity. A limited number of studies have investigated the influence of these genetic polymorphisms in insomnia. The present study sought to confirm the presence of associations between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) occurrence in normal sleepers and those with insomnia. METHOD The study subjects consisted of a patient group (n = 199) complaining of insomnia and a control group (n = 51). Each subject was clinically interviewed using questions taken from the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire. After the interview, the subjects were asked to complete the Insomnia Severity Index, The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test. An overnight polysomnography test was also administered. Blood samples were collected for genetic study. RESULTS The insomnia patients showed a greater prevalence of heterozygous (A/G) VAL/MET polymorphism than the normal controls (p = ≤ 0.0001). This finding confirmed that this genetic polymorphism, which impairs BDNF activity, is an important correlate of disturbed sleep. Further, the finding of significantly greater (p = ≤ 0.0001) depression scores among the insomnia group suggested that BDNF is an important factor in the development of depressive symptoms. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The results of the present study indicate that BDNF gene polymorphism plays a prominent role in the variation of symptoms among insomnia patients and, further, that this polymorphism is strongly related to the severity of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin F W Zaki
- Sleep Research Unit, Mansoura University, Egypt; Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Elsayed Saleh
- Department of Psychiatry, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | | | - John Zaki
- Department 0f Mechanical Engineering, Statistical Consultation Office, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S BaHammam
- University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Jehan S, Jean-Louis G, Zizi F, Auguste E, Pandi-Perumal SR, Gupta R, Attarian H, McFarlane SI, Hardeland R, Brzezinski A. Sleep, melatonin, and the menopausal transition: What are the links? Sleep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.slsci.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Jehan S, Jean-Louis G, Zizi F, Auguste E, Pandi-Perumal SR, Gupta R, Attarian H, McFarlane SI, Hardeland R, Brzezinski A. Sleep, Melatonin, and the Menopausal Transition: What Are the Links? Sleep Sci 2017; 10:11-18. [PMID: 28966733 PMCID: PMC5611767 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20170003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pineal hormone Melatonin plays an important role in the regulation of the circadian sleep/wake cycle, mood, and perhaps immune functions, carcinogensis and reproduction. The human circadian rhythm of melatonin release from the pineal gland is tightly synchronized with the habitual hours of sleep. Peri- and postmenopausal women often complain of difficulties initiating and/or maintaining sleep, with frequent nocturnal and early morning awakenings. In this review we discuss the pathophysiology of melatonin function as it relates to sleep disorders in menopausal women, highlighting the potential use of exogenous melatonin during the menopausal transition and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Jehan
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Giardin Jean-Louis
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ferdinand Zizi
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Evan Auguste
- Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York University School of
Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry & Sleep Clinic, Himalayan Institute of
Medical Sciences, Swami Ram Nagar, Jolly Grant, Dehradun-248016, INDIA
| | - Hrayr Attarian
- Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Research Lab, Department of Neurology,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samy I. McFarlane
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate
Medical Center, 11203 Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rüdiger Hardeland
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology,
University of Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amnon Brzezinski
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, the Hebrew
University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hassed C, Antoniades J, Jones K, Rajaratnam S, Kiropolous L, Naughton M, Piterman L. An examination of Australian general practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to sleep disorders. MALAYSIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS OF MALAYSIA 2012; 7:16-23. [PMID: 25606240 PMCID: PMC4170451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders represent an under-recognised public health problem and are reported to be under-diagnosed in general practices. AIMS To examine general practitioners' (GPs) attitude, knowledge and practice behaviour and identify barriers to detection, diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders encountered in the Australian primary care setting. METHOD Using mixed methods, quantitative data from the Dartmouth Sleep Knowledge Questionnaire (DSKQ) were analysed using MS Excel 2007. Qualitative data were obtained from one focus group and eight interviews. Data were thematically analysed. RESULTS 15 GPs participated; seven in a focus group and eight in interviews. Scores from DSKQ suggest gaps in GPs' knowledge. Qualitative analysis revealed that patients frequently presented with sleep disorders underpinned by mental health disorders. GPs agreed that prescribing pharmacological interventions was undesirable and behavioural interventions were preferred. Barriers included limited training for GPs, lack of resources, patient expectations and willingness to engage in lifestyle changes, and consultation time constraints. DISCUSSION Greater flexibility to investigate sleep related problems within the standard consultation and improved access to educational activities could assist GPs. Patient factors, such as adherence to management strategies, are paramount to successful management of sleep disorders; however, these obstacles to clinical practice may be difficult to overcome. CONCLUSION Providing education for GPs about sleep disorders, greater flexibility within consultations may improve patient care and patient engagement in management strategies may assist, yet a critical success factor in disease management includes patient engagement in management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hassed
- Monash University Department of General Practice. (Craig Hassed, Josefine Antoniades, Kay Margaret Jones, Leon Piterman)
| | - J Antoniades
- Monash University Department of General Practice. (Craig Hassed, Josefine Antoniades, Kay Margaret Jones, Leon Piterman)
| | - Km Jones
- Monash University Department of General Practice. (Craig Hassed, Josefine Antoniades, Kay Margaret Jones, Leon Piterman)
| | - S Rajaratnam
- Monash University School of Psychology and Psychiatry. (Shanta Rajaratnam, Litza Kiropolous)
| | - L Kiropolous
- Monash University School of Psychology and Psychiatry. (Shanta Rajaratnam, Litza Kiropolous)
| | - M Naughton
- Monash University Department of Medicine; Alfred Hospital. (Matthew Naughton)
| | - L Piterman
- Monash University Department of General Practice. (Craig Hassed, Josefine Antoniades, Kay Margaret Jones, Leon Piterman)
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