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Smith C, Telesford KM, Piccirillo SGM, Licon-Munoz Y, Zhang W, Tse KM, Rivas JR, Joshi C, Shah DS, Wu AX, Trivedi R, Christley S, Qian Y, Cowell LG, Scheuermann RH, Stowe AM, Nguyen L, Greenberg BM, Monson NL. Astrocytic stress response is induced by exposure to astrocyte-binding antibodies expressed by plasmablasts from pediatric patients with acute transverse myelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:161. [PMID: 38915059 PMCID: PMC11197286 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric acute transverse myelitis (ATM) accounts for 20-30% of children presenting with a first acquired demyelinating syndrome (ADS) and may be the first clinical presentation of a relapsing ADS such as multiple sclerosis (MS). B cells have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of adult MS. However, little is known about B cells in pediatric MS, and even less so in pediatric ATM. Our lab previously showed that plasmablasts (PB), the earliest B cell subtype producing antibody, are expanded in adult ATM, and that these PBs produce self-reactive antibodies that target neurons. The goal of this study was to examine PB frequency and phenotype, immunoglobulin selection, and B cell receptor reactivity in pediatric patients presenting with ATM to gain insight to B cell involvement in disease. METHODS We compared the PB frequency and phenotype of 5 pediatric ATM patients and 10 pediatric healthy controls (HC) and compared them to previously reported adult ATM patients using cytometric data. We purified bulk IgG from the plasma samples and cloned 20 recombinant human antibodies (rhAbs) from individual PBs isolated from the blood. Plasma-derived IgG and rhAb autoreactivity was measured by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in neurons and astrocytes of murine brain or spinal cord and primary human astrocytes. We determined the potential impact of these rhAbs on astrocyte health by measuring stress and apoptotic response. RESULTS We found that pediatric ATM patients had a reduced frequency of peripheral blood PB. Serum IgG autoreactivity to neurons in EAE spinal cord was similar in the pediatric ATM patients and HC. However, serum IgG autoreactivity to astrocytes in EAE spinal cord was reduced in pediatric ATM patients compared to pediatric HC. Astrocyte-binding strength of rhAbs cloned from PBs was dependent on somatic hypermutation accumulation in the pediatric ATM cohort, but not HC. A similar observation in predilection for astrocyte binding over neuron binding of individual antibodies cloned from PBs was made in EAE brain tissue. Finally, exposure of human primary astrocytes to these astrocyte-binding antibodies increased astrocytic stress but did not lead to apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Discordance in humoral immune responses to astrocytes may distinguish pediatric ATM from HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Smith
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Sara G M Piccirillo
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yamhilette Licon-Munoz
- The Brain Tumor Translational Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Key M Tse
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Dilan S Shah
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angela X Wu
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott Christley
- UT Southwestern O'Donnell School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu Qian
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lindsay G Cowell
- UT Southwestern O'Donnell School of Public Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard H Scheuermann
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ann M Stowe
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Linda Nguyen
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Monson
- UT Southwestern Department of Neurology, Dallas, TX, USA.
- UT Southwestern Department of Immunology, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Xu M, Wang H, Ren S, Wang B, Yang W, Lv L, Sha X, Li W, Wang Y. Identification of crucial inflammaging related risk factors in multiple sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1398665. [PMID: 38836117 PMCID: PMC11148336 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1398665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammatory demyelinating lesions in the central nervous system. Studies have shown that the inflammation is vital to both the onset and progression of MS, where aging plays a key role in it. However, the potential mechanisms on how aging-related inflammation (inflammaging) promotes MS have not been fully understood. Therefore, there is an urgent need to integrate the underlying mechanisms between inflammaging and MS, where meaningful prediction models are needed. Methods First, both aging and disease models were developed using machine learning methods, respectively. Then, an integrated inflammaging model was used to identify relative risk factors, by identifying essential "aging-inflammation-disease" triples. Finally, a series of bioinformatics analyses (including network analysis, enrichment analysis, sensitivity analysis, and pan-cancer analysis) were further used to explore the potential mechanisms between inflammaging and MS. Results A series of risk factors were identified, such as the protein homeostasis, cellular homeostasis, neurodevelopment and energy metabolism. The inflammaging indices were further validated in different cancer types. Therefore, various risk factors were integrated, and even both the theories of inflammaging and immunosenescence were further confirmed. Conclusion In conclusion, our study systematically investigated the potential relationships between inflammaging and MS through a series of computational approaches, and could present a novel thought for other aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchu Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huize Wang
- Department of Nursing, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Siwei Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenyan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Lv
- Department of Thorax, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianzheng Sha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Thorax, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Intelligent Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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3
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Takase EO, Yamasaki R, Nagata S, Watanabe M, Masaki K, Yamaguchi H, Kira JI, Takeuchi H, Isobe N. Astroglial connexin 43 is a novel therapeutic target for chronic multiple sclerosis model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10877. [PMID: 38740862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61508-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In chronic stages of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), connexin (Cx)43 gap junction channel proteins are overexpressed because of astrogliosis. To elucidate the role of increased Cx43, the central nervous system (CNS)-permeable Cx blocker INI-0602 was therapeutically administered. C57BL6 mice with chronic EAE initiated by MOG35-55 received INI-0602 (40 mg/kg) or saline intraperitoneally every other day from days post-immunization (dpi) 17-50. Primary astroglia were employed to observe calcein efflux responses. In INI-0602-treated mice, EAE clinical signs improved significantly in the chronic phase, with reduced demyelination and decreased CD3+ T cells, Iba-1+ and F4/80+ microglia/macrophages, and C3+GFAP+ reactive astroglia infiltration in spinal cord lesions. Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ T cells from CNS tissues revealed significantly reduced Th17 and Th17/Th1 cells (dpi 24) and Th1 cells (dpi 50). Multiplex array of cerebrospinal fluid showed significantly suppressed IL-6 and significantly increased IL-10 on dpi 24 in INI-0602-treated mice, and significantly suppressed IFN-γ and MCP-1 on dpi 50 in the same group. In vitro INI-0602 treatment inhibited ATP-induced calcium propagations of Cx43+/+ astroglial cells to similar levels of those of Cx43-/- cells. Astroglial Cx43 hemichannels represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Ozdemir Takase
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroo Yamaguchi
- School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Reiwa Health Sciences University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Ookawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takeuchi
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan.
- Center for Intractable Neurological Diseases and Dementia, International University of Health and Welfare Atami Hospital, Atami, Japan.
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Wang DS, Ju L, Pinguelo AG, Kaneshwaran K, Haffey SC, Lecker I, Gohil H, Wheeler MB, Kaustov L, Ariza A, Yu M, Volchuk A, Steinberg BE, Goldenberg NM, Orser BA. Crosstalk between GABA A receptors in astrocytes and neurons triggered by general anesthetic drugs. Transl Res 2024; 267:39-53. [PMID: 38042478 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
General anesthetic drugs cause cognitive deficits that persist after the drugs have been eliminated. Astrocytes may contribute to such cognition-impairing effects through the release of one or more paracrine factors that increase a tonic inhibitory conductance generated by extrasynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in hippocampal neurons. The mechanisms underlying this astrocyte-to-neuron crosstalk remain unknown. Interestingly, astrocytes express anesthetic-sensitive GABAA receptors. Here, we tested the hypothesis that anesthetic drugs activate astrocytic GABAA receptors to initiate crosstalk leading to a persistent increase in extrasynaptic GABAA receptor function in neurons. We also investigated the signaling pathways in neurons and aimed to identify the paracrine factors released from astrocytes. Astrocytes and neurons from mice were grown in primary cell cultures and studied using in vitro electrophysiological and biochemical assays. We discovered that the commonly used anesthetics etomidate (injectable) and sevoflurane (inhaled) stimulated astrocytic GABAA receptors, which in turn promoted the release paracrine factors, that increased the tonic current in neurons via a p38 MAPK-dependent signaling pathway. The increase in tonic current was mimicked by exogenous IL-1β and abolished by blocking IL-1 receptors; however, unexpectedly, IL-1β and other cytokines were not detected in astrocyte-conditioned media. In summary, we have identified a novel form of crosstalk between GABAA receptors in astrocytes and neurons that engages a p38 MAPK-dependent pathway. Brief commentary BACKGROUND: Many older patients experience cognitive deficits after surgery. Anesthetic drugs may be a contributing factor as they cause a sustained increase in the function of "memory blocking" extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in neurons. Interestingly, astrocytes are required for this increase; however, the mechanisms underlying the astrocyte-to-neuron crosstalk remain unknown. TRANSLATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE: We discovered that commonly used general anesthetic drugs stimulate GABAA receptors in astrocytes, which in turn release paracrine factors that trigger a persistent increase in extrasynaptic GABAA receptor function in neurons via p38 MAPK. This novel form of crosstalk may contribute to persistent cognitive deficits after general anesthesia and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Shi Wang
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Li Ju
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arsène G Pinguelo
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kirusanthy Kaneshwaran
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean C Haffey
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Irene Lecker
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Himaben Gohil
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael B Wheeler
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lilia Kaustov
- Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Ariza
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - MeiFeng Yu
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Steinberg
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Room 3318, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Neil M Goldenberg
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Room 3318, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beverley A Orser
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Room 3318, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
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5
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Juutinen L, Ahinko K, Hagman S, Basnyat P, Jääskeläinen O, Herukka SK, Sumelahti ML. The association of menopausal hormone levels with progression-related biomarkers in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 85:105517. [PMID: 38442501 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) progression coincides temporally with menopause. However, it remains unclear whether the changes in disease course are related to the changes in reproductive hormone concentrations. We assessed the association of menopausal hormonal levels with progression-related biomarkers of MS and evaluated the changes in serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) levels during menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in a prospective baseline-controlled design. METHODS The baseline serum estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone levels were measured from menopausal women with MS (n = 16) and healthy controls (HC, n = 15). SNfL and sGFAP were measured by single-molecule array. The associations of hormone levels with sNfL and sGFAP, and with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and lesion load and whole brain volumes (WBV) in MRI were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation and age-adjusted linear regression model. Changes in sNfL and sGFAP during one-year treatment with estradiol hemihydrate combined with cyclic dydrogesterone were assessed with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. RESULTS In MS group, baseline estradiol had a positive correlation with WBV in MRI and an inverse correlation with lesion load, sNfL and sGFAP, but no correlation with EDSS. The associations of low estradiol with high sGFAP and low WBV were independent of age. During MHT, there was no significant change in sNfL and sGFAP levels in MS group while in HC, sGFAP slightly decreased at three months but returned to baseline at 12 months. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings suggest that low estradiol in menopausal women with MS has an age-independent association with more pronounced brain atrophy and higher sGFAP and thus advanced astrogliosis which could partially explain the more rapid progression of MS after menopause. One year of MHT did not alter the sGFAP or sNfL levels in women with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Juutinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland; Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Katja Ahinko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FI, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Sanna Hagman
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI, 33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Pabitra Basnyat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
| | - Olli Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1711, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Sumelahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere University, Finland
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Barakovic M, Weigel M, Cagol A, Schaedelin S, Galbusera R, Lu PJ, Chen X, Melie-Garcia L, Ocampo-Pineda M, Bahn E, Stadelmann C, Palombo M, Kappos L, Kuhle J, Magon S, Granziera C. A novel imaging marker of cortical "cellularity" in multiple sclerosis patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9848. [PMID: 38684744 PMCID: PMC11059177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological data showed focal inflammation and regions of diffuse neuronal loss in the cortex of people with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this work, we applied a novel model ("soma and neurite density imaging (SANDI)") to multishell diffusion-weighted MRI data acquired in healthy subjects and people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), in order to investigate inflammation and degeneration-related changes in the cortical tissue of pwMS. We aimed to (i) establish whether SANDI is applicable in vivo clinical data; (ii) investigate inflammatory and degenerative changes using SANDI soma fraction (fsoma)-a marker of cellularity-in both cortical lesions and in the normal-appearing-cortex and (iii) correlate SANDI fsoma with clinical and biological measures in pwMS. We applied a simplified version of SANDI to a clinical scanners. We then provided evidence that pwMS exhibited an overall decrease in cortical SANDI fsoma compared to healthy subjects, suggesting global degenerative processes compatible with neuronal loss. On the other hand, we have found that progressive pwMS showed a higher SANDI fsoma in the outer part of the cortex compared to relapsing-remitting pwMS, possibly supporting current pathological knowledge of increased innate inflammatory cells in these regions. A similar finding was obtained in subpial lesions in relapsing-remitting patients, reflecting existing pathological data in these lesion types. A significant correlation was found between SANDI fsoma and serum neurofilament light chain-a biomarker of inflammatory axonal damage-suggesting a relationship between SANDI soma fraction and inflammatory processes in pwMS again. Overall, our data show that SANDI fsoma is a promising biomarker to monitor changes in cellularity compatible with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in the cortex of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Barakovic
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Weigel
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Cagol
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Schaedelin
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Galbusera
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Po-Jui Lu
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-Garcia
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Ocampo-Pineda
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erik Bahn
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Marco Palombo
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Magon
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Granziera
- Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINK) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
- Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Neamțu M, Bild V, Vasincu A, Arcan OD, Bulea D, Ababei DC, Rusu RN, Macadan I, Sciucă AM, Neamțu A. Inflammasome Molecular Insights in Autoimmune Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3502-3532. [PMID: 38666950 PMCID: PMC11048795 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) emerge due to an irregular immune response towards self- and non-self-antigens. Inflammation commonly accompanies these conditions, with inflammatory factors and inflammasomes playing pivotal roles in their progression. Key concepts in molecular biology, inflammation, and molecular mimicry are crucial to understanding AID development. Exposure to foreign antigens can cause inflammation, potentially leading to AIDs through molecular mimicry triggered by cross-reactive epitopes. Molecular mimicry emerges as a key mechanism by which infectious or chemical agents trigger autoimmunity. In certain susceptible individuals, autoreactive T or B cells may be activated by a foreign antigen due to resemblances between foreign and self-peptides. Chronic inflammation, typically driven by abnormal immune responses, is strongly associated with AID pathogenesis. Inflammasomes, which are vital cytosolic multiprotein complexes assembled in response to infections and stress, are crucial to activating inflammatory processes in macrophages. Chronic inflammation, characterized by prolonged tissue injury and repair cycles, can significantly damage tissues, thereby increasing the risk of AIDs. Inhibiting inflammasomes, particularly in autoinflammatory disorders, has garnered significant interest, with pharmaceutical advancements targeting cytokines and inflammasomes showing promise in AID management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neamțu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 8 Carol I Avenue, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Oana Dana Arcan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Delia Bulea
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ioana Macadan
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.N.); (V.B.); (O.D.A.); (D.B.); (D.-C.A.); (R.-N.R.); (I.M.)
| | - Ana Maria Sciucă
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Neamțu
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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8
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Imraish A, Abu Thiab T, Alsalem M, Dahbour S, khleif H, Abu-Irmaileh B, Qasem R, El-Salem K. The neuroprotective effect of human primary astrocytes in multiple sclerosis: In vitro model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300203. [PMID: 38564643 PMCID: PMC10987000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted the role of astrocytes in neuroinflammatory diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis, interacting closely with other CNS components but also with the immune cells. However, due to the difficulty in obtaining human astrocytes, their role in these pathologies is still unclear. In this study we develop an astrocyte in vitro model to evaluate their role in multiple sclerosis after being treated with CSF isolated from both healthy and MS diagnosed patients. Gene expression and ELISA assays reveal that several pro-inflammatory markers IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6, were significantly downregulated in astrocytes treated with MS-CSF. In contrast, neurotrophic survival, and growth factors, and GFAP, BDNF, GDNF and VEGF, were markedly elevated upon the same treatment. In summary, this study supports the notion of the astrocyte involvement in MS. The results reveal the neuroprotective role of astrocyte in MS pathogenicity by suppressing excessive inflammation and increasing the expression of tropic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Tuqa Abu Thiab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alsalem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Saeed Dahbour
- Department of Neurology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hiba khleif
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Raneen Qasem
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khalid El-Salem
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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9
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Goyne CE, Fair AE, Sumowski PE, Graves JS. The Impact of Aging on Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:83-93. [PMID: 38416310 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Age is one of the most important factors in determining MS phenotype. This review provides an overview of how age influences MS clinical characteristics, pathology, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS New methods for measuring aging have improved our understanding of the aging process in MS. New studies have characterized the molecular and cellular composition of chronic active or smoldering plaques in MS. These lesions are important contributors to disability progression in MS. These studies highlight the important role of immunosenescence and the innate immune system in sustaining chronic inflammation. Given these changes in immune function, several studies have assessed optimal treatment strategies in aging individuals with MS. MS phenotype is intimately linked with chronologic age and immunosenescence. While there are many unanswered questions, there has been much progress in understanding this relationship which may lead to more effective treatments for progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Goyne
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ashley E Fair
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paige E Sumowski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer S Graves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
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10
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Abdelhak A, Antweiler K, Kowarik MC, Senel M, Havla J, Zettl UK, Kleiter I, Skripuletz T, Haarmann A, Stahmann A, Huss A, Gingele S, Krumbholz M, Benkert P, Kuhle J, Friede T, Ludolph AC, Ziemann U, Kümpfel T, Tumani H. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:477-485. [PMID: 38111972 PMCID: PMC10863922 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Progression prediction is a significant unmet need in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwPMS). Studies on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have either been limited to single center with relapsing MS or were based solely on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), which limits its generalizability to state-of-the-art clinical settings and trials applying combined outcome parameters. METHODS Serum GFAP and NfL (neurofilament light chain) were investigated in EmBioProMS participants with primary (PP) or secondary progressive MS. Six months confirmed disability progression (CDP) was defined using combined outcome parameters (EDSS, timed-25-foot walk test (T25FW), and nine-hole-peg-test (9HPT)). RESULTS 243 subjects (135 PPMS, 108 SPMS, age 55.5, IQR [49.7-61.2], 135 female, median follow-up: 29.3 months [17.9-40.9]) were included. NfL (age-) and GFAP (age- and sex-) adjusted Z scores were higher in pwPMS compared to HC (p < 0.001 for both). 111 (32.8%) CDP events were diagnosed in participants with ≥3 visits (n = 169). GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP in participants with low NfL Z score (i.e., ≤1.0) (HR: 2.38 [1.12-5.08], p = 0.025). In PPMS, GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP (HR: 2.88 [1.21-6.84], p = 0.016). Risk was further increased in PPMS subjects with high GFAP when NfL is low (HR: 4.31 [1.53-12.13], p = 0.006). INTERPRETATION Blood GFAP may help identify pwPPMS at risk of progression. Combination of high GFAP and low NfL levels could distinguish non-active pwPMS with particularly high progression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelhak
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF)San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Kai Antweiler
- Department of Medical StatisticsUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Markus C. Kowarik
- Department of Neurology and StrokeUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Makbule Senel
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Joachim Havla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU HospitalLudwig‐Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
| | - Uwe K. Zettl
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunological SectionUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Marianne‐Strauß‐KlinikBehandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke gGmbHBergGermany
| | | | - Axel Haarmann
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Stahmann
- Forschungs‐ und Projektentwicklungs‐gGmbHMS‐Registry by the German MS‐SocietyHanoverGermany
| | - Andre Huss
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Stefan Gingele
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHanoverGermany
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Department of Neurology and StrokeUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center for Translational Medicine, Immanuel Klinik RüdersdorfUniversity Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor FontaneRüdersdorf bei BerlinGermany
- Faculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgBrandenburg Medical School Theodor FontaneRüdersdorf bei BerlinGermany
| | - Pascal Benkert
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital and University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical StatisticsUniversity Medical Centre GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Albert C. Ludolph
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital of UlmUlmGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesUlmGermany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Department of Neurology and StrokeUniversity Hospital of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU HospitalLudwig‐Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany
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11
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Asmis R, Medrano MT, Chase Huizar C, Griffith WP, Forsthuber TG. Dietary Supplementation with 23-Hydroxy Ursolic Acid Reduces the Severity and Incidence of Acute Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Nutrients 2024; 16:348. [PMID: 38337633 PMCID: PMC10856865 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
23-Hydroxy ursolic acid (23-OH UA) is a potent atheroprotective and anti-obesogenic phytochemical, with anti-inflammatory and inflammation-resolving properties. In this study, we examined whether dietary 23-OH UA protects mice against the acute onset and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a defined low-calorie maintenance diet (MD) or an MD supplemented with 0.2% wgt/wgt 23-OH UA for 5 weeks prior to actively inducing EAE and during the 30 days post-immunization. We observed no difference in the onset of EAE between the groups of mice, but ataxia and EAE disease severity were suppressed by 52% and 48%, respectively, and disease incidence was reduced by over 49% in mice that received 23-OH UA in their diet. Furthermore, disease-associated weight loss was strikingly ameliorated in 23-OH UA-fed mice. ELISPOT analysis showed no significant differences in frequencies of T cells producing IL-17 or IFN-γ between 23-OH UA-fed mice and control mice, suggesting that 23-OH UA does not appear to regulate peripheral T cell responses. In summary, our findings in EAE mice strongly suggest that dietary 23-OH UA may represent an effective oral adjunct therapy for the prevention and treatment of relapsing-remitting MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Asmis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Megan T. Medrano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (M.T.M.)
| | - Carol Chase Huizar
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (M.T.M.)
| | - Wendell P. Griffith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Thomas G. Forsthuber
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (M.T.M.)
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12
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Husseini L, Geladaris A, Weber MS. Toward identifying key mechanisms of progression in multiple sclerosis. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:58-70. [PMID: 38102058 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A major therapeutic goal in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is to prevent the accumulation of disability over an often decades-long disease course. Disability progression can result from acute relapses as well as from CNS intrinsic parenchymal disintegration without de novo CNS lesion formation. Research focus has shifted to progression not associated with acute inflammation, as it is not sufficiently controlled by currently available treatments. This review outlines how recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of progressive MS have been facilitated by the development of more precise, less static pathogenetic concepts of progressive MS, as well as by new techniques for the analysis of region-specific proteomic and transcriptomic signatures in the human CNS. We highlight key drivers of MS disease progression and potential targets in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Husseini
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Geladaris
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
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13
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Kipp M. Astrocytes: Lessons Learned from the Cuprizone Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16420. [PMID: 38003609 PMCID: PMC10671869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse array of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, exhibit distinct myelin abnormalities at both the molecular and histological levels. These aberrations are closely linked to dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and alterations in myelin structure, which may be pivotal factors contributing to the disconnection of brain regions and the resulting characteristic clinical impairments observed in these conditions. Astrocytes, which significantly outnumber neurons in the central nervous system by a five-to-one ratio, play indispensable roles in the development, maintenance, and overall well-being of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Consequently, they emerge as potential key players in the onset and progression of a myriad of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, targeting astrocytes represents a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in such disorders. To gain deeper insights into the functions of astrocytes in the context of myelin-related disorders, it is imperative to employ appropriate in vivo models that faithfully recapitulate specific aspects of complex human diseases in a reliable and reproducible manner. One such model is the cuprizone model, wherein metabolic dysfunction in oligodendrocytes initiates an early response involving microglia and astrocyte activation, culminating in multifocal demyelination. Remarkably, following the cessation of cuprizone intoxication, a spontaneous process of endogenous remyelination occurs. In this review article, we provide a historical overview of studies investigating the responses and putative functions of astrocytes in the cuprizone model. Following that, we list previously published works that illuminate various aspects of the biology and function of astrocytes in this multiple sclerosis model. Some of the studies are discussed in more detail in the context of astrocyte biology and pathology. Our objective is twofold: to provide an invaluable overview of this burgeoning field, and, more importantly, to inspire fellow researchers to embark on experimental investigations to elucidate the multifaceted functions of this pivotal glial cell subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kipp
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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14
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Denaroso GE, Smith Z, Angeliu CG, Cheli VT, Wang C, Paez PM. Deletion of voltage-gated calcium channels in astrocytes decreases neuroinflammation and demyelination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:263. [PMID: 37964385 PMCID: PMC10644533 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02948-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis was used in combination with a Cav1.2 conditional knock-out mouse (Cav1.2KO) to study the role of astrocytic voltage-gated Ca++ channels in autoimmune CNS inflammation and demyelination. Cav1.2 channels were specifically ablated in Glast-1-positive astrocytes by means of the Cre-lox system before EAE induction. After immunization, motor activity was assessed daily, and a clinical score was given based on the severity of EAE symptoms. Cav1.2 deletion in astrocytes significantly reduced the severity of the disease. While no changes were found in the day of onset and peak disease severity, EAE mean clinical score was lower in Cav1.2KO animals during the chronic phase of the disease. This corresponded to better performance on the rotarod and increased motor activity in Cav1.2KO mice. Furthermore, decreased numbers of reactive astrocytes, activated microglia, and infiltrating lymphocytes were found in the lumbar section of the spinal cord of Cav1.2KO mice 40 days after immunization. The degree of myelin protein loss and size of demyelinated lesions were also attenuated in Cav1.2KO spinal cords. Similar results were found in EAE animals treated with nimodipine, a Cav1.2 Ca++ channel inhibitor with high affinity to the CNS. Mice injected with nimodipine during the acute and chronic phases of the disease exhibited lower numbers of reactive astrocytes, activated microglial, and infiltrating immune cells, as well as fewer demyelinated lesions in the spinal cord. These changes were correlated with improved clinical scores and motor performance. In summary, these data suggest that antagonizing Cav1.2 channels in astrocytes during EAE alleviates neuroinflammation and protects the spinal cord from autoimmune demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Denaroso
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Z Smith
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - C G Angeliu
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - V T Cheli
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - C Wang
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - P M Paez
- Institute for Myelin and Glia Exploration, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, University at Buffalo, NYS Center of Excellence, 701 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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15
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Tonev D, Momchilova A. Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and Multiple Sclerosis Dysregulations: Focus on the Removal of Pathogenic Circulatory Factors and Altering Nerve Growth Factor and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Plasma Levels. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7749-7774. [PMID: 37886933 PMCID: PMC10605592 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is predominantly an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology with a possible genetic predisposition and effect of certain environmental factors. It is generally accepted that the disease begins with an autoimmune inflammatory reaction targeting oligodendrocytes followed by a rapid depletion of their regenerative capacity with subsequent permanent neurodegenerative changes and disability. Recent research highlights the central role of B lymphocytes and the corresponding IgG and IgM autoantibodies in newly forming MS lesions. Thus, their removal along with the modulation of certain bioactive molecules to improve neuroprotection using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) becomes of utmost importance. Recently, it has been proposed to determine the levels and precise effects of both beneficial and harmful components in the serum of MS patients undergoing TPE to serve as markers for appropriate TPE protocols. In this review we discuss some relevant examples, focusing on the removal of pathogenic circulating factors and altering the plasma levels of nerve growth factor and sphingosine-1-phosphate by TPE. Altered plasma levels of the reviewed molecular compounds in response to TPE reflect a successful reduction of the pro-inflammatory burden at the expense of an increase in anti-inflammatory potential in the circulatory and CNS compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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16
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Pyka-Fościak G, Fościak M, Pabijan J, Lis GJ, Litwin JA, Lekka M. Changes in stiffness of the optic nerve and involvement of neurofilament light chains in the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166796. [PMID: 37400000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are often accompanied by optic neuritis associated with neurofilament disruption. In this study, the stiffness of the optic nerve was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in mice with induced EAE in the successive phases of the disease: onset, peak, and chronic. AFM results were compared with the intensity of the main pathological processes in the optic nerve: inflammation, demyelination, and axonal loss, as well as with the density of astrocytes, assessed by quantitative histology and immunohistochemistry. Optic nerve tissue and serum levels of neurofilament light chain protein (NEFL) were also examined by immunostaining and ELISA, respectively. The stiffness of the optic nerve in EAE mice was lower than that in control and naïve animals. It increased in the onset and peak phases and sharply decreased in the chronic phase. Serum NEFL level showed similar dynamics, while tissue NEFL level decreased in the onset and peak phases, indicating a leak of NEFL from the optic nerve to body fluids. Inflammation and demyelination gradually increased to reach the maximum in the peak phase of EAE, and inflammation slightly declined in the chronic phase, while demyelination did not. The axonal loss also gradually increased and had the highest level in the chronic phase. Among these processes, demyelination and especially axonal loss most effectively decrease the stiffness of the optic nerve. NEFL level in serum can be regarded as an early indicator of EAE, as it rapidly grows in the onset phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pyka-Fościak
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland.
| | - M Fościak
- Medical Department, Novartis Poland Sp. z o.o., Marynarska 15, 02-674 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J Pabijan
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - G J Lis
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - J A Litwin
- Department of Histology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Lekka
- Department of Biophysical Microstructures, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
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17
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Cui YR, Bu ZQ, Yu HY, Yan LL, Feng J. Emodin attenuates inflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1535-1541. [PMID: 36571359 PMCID: PMC10075100 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, a substance extracted from herbs such as rhubarb, has a protective effect on the central nervous system. However, the potential therapeutic effect of emodin in the context of multiple sclerosis remains unknown. In this study, a rat model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was established by immune induction to simulate multiple sclerosis, and the rats were intraperitoneally injected with emodin (20 mg/kg/d) from the day of immune induction until they were sacrificed. In this model, the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the microglia exacerbated neuroinflammation, playing an important role in the development of multiple sclerosis. In addition, silent information regulator of transcription 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha coactivator (PGC-1α) was found to inhibit activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and SIRT1 activation reduced disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Furthermore, treatment with emodin decreased body weight loss and neurobehavioral deficits, alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, inhibited microglial aggregation and activation, decreased the levels of NLRP3 signaling pathway molecules, and increased the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1α. These findings suggest that emodin improves the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, possibly through regulating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/NLRP3 signaling pathway and inhibiting microglial inflammation. These findings provide experimental evidence for treatment of multiple sclerosis with emodin, enlarging the scope of clinical application for emodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ran Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qi Bu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li-Li Yan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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18
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Sangha A, Quon M, Pfeffer G, Orton SM. The Role of Vitamin D in Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis: An Update. Nutrients 2023; 15:2978. [PMID: 37447304 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological condition that involves both inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative components. MS research and treatments have traditionally focused on immunomodulation, with less investigation of neuroprotection, and this holds true for the role of vitamin D in MS. Researchers have already established that vitamin D plays an anti-inflammatory role in modulating the immune system in MS. More recently, researchers have begun investigating the potential neuroprotective role of vitamin D in MS. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, has a range of neuroprotective properties, which may be important in remyelination and/or the prevention of demyelination. The most notable finding relevant to MS is that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes stem cell proliferation and drives the differentiation of neural stem cells into oligodendrocytes, which carry out remyelination. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 counteracts neurodegeneration and oxidative stress by suppressing the activation of reactive astrocytes and M1 microglia. 1,25(OH)2D3 also promotes the expression of various neuroprotective factors, including neurotrophins and antioxidant enzymes. 1,25(OH)2D3 decreases blood-brain barrier permeability, reducing leukocyte recruitment into the central nervous system. These neuroprotective effects, stimulated by 1,25(OH)2D3, all enhance neuronal survival. This review summarizes and connects the current evidence supporting the vitamin D-mediated mechanisms of action for neuroprotection in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Sangha
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Michaela Quon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Alberta Child Health Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Sarah-Michelle Orton
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
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19
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Nociti V, Romozzi M. The Role of BDNF in Multiple Sclerosis Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098447. [PMID: 37176155 PMCID: PMC10178984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Inflammation is observed in all stages of MS, both within and around the lesions, and can have beneficial and detrimental effects on MS pathogenesis. A possible mechanism for the neuroprotective effect in MS involves the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by immune cells in peripheral blood and inflammatory lesions, as well as by microglia and astrocytes within the CNS. BDNF is a neurotrophic factor that plays a key role in neuroplasticity and neuronal survival. This review aims to analyze the current understanding of the role that inflammation plays in MS, including the factors that contribute to both beneficial and detrimental effects. Additionally, it explores the potential role of BDNF in MS, as it may modulate neuroinflammation and provide neuroprotection. By obtaining a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between inflammation and BDNF, new therapeutic strategies for MS may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Nociti
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Romozzi
- Institute of Neurology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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20
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Mehdi-Alamdarlou S, Ahmadi F, Shahbazi MA, Azadi A, Ashrafi H. Platelets and platelet-derived vesicles as an innovative cellular and subcellular platform for managing multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4675-4686. [PMID: 37022526 PMCID: PMC10078055 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease that involves young individuals. The drug delivery systems now are available for this disease have chronic and non-targeted effects on the patients. Because of the presence of BBB (blood-brain-barrier), their concentration in the CNS (central nervous system) is low. Because of this flaw, it is critical to use innovative active targeted drug delivery methods. RESULT Platelets are blood cells that circulate freely and play an important role in blood hemostasis. In this review, we emphasize the various roles of activated platelets in the inflammatory condition to recruit other cells to the injured area and limit inflammation. Besides, the activated platelets in the different stages of the MS disease play a significant role in limiting the progression of inflammation in the peripheral area and CNS. DISCUSSION This evidence indicates that a platelet-based drug delivery system can be an efficient biomimetic candidate for drug targeting to the CNS and limiting the inflammation in the peripheral and central areas for MS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mehdi-Alamdarlou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Drug Research Program Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, 45139-56184, Iran
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs, Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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21
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Charytonowicz D, Brody R, Sebra R. Interpretable and context-free deconvolution of multi-scale whole transcriptomic data with UniCell deconvolve. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1350. [PMID: 36906603 PMCID: PMC10008582 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce UniCell: Deconvolve Base (UCDBase), a pre-trained, interpretable, deep learning model to deconvolve cell type fractions and predict cell identity across Spatial, bulk-RNA-Seq, and scRNA-Seq datasets without contextualized reference data. UCD is trained on 10 million pseudo-mixtures from a fully-integrated scRNA-Seq training database comprising over 28 million annotated single cells spanning 840 unique cell types from 898 studies. We show that our UCDBase and transfer-learning models achieve comparable or superior performance on in-silico mixture deconvolution to existing, reference-based, state-of-the-art methods. Feature attribute analysis uncovers gene signatures associated with cell-type specific inflammatory-fibrotic responses in ischemic kidney injury, discerns cancer subtypes, and accurately deconvolves tumor microenvironments. UCD identifies pathologic changes in cell fractions among bulk-RNA-Seq data for several disease states. Applied to lung cancer scRNA-Seq data, UCD annotates and distinguishes normal from cancerous cells. Overall, UCD enhances transcriptomic data analysis, aiding in assessment of cellular and spatial context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Charytonowicz
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Brody
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Rashid Khan M, Fayaz Ahmad S, Nadeem A, Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Shahnawaz Khan M, Alsahli M, Alhosaini K. Cathepsin-B inhibitor CA-074 attenuates retinopathy and optic neuritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced in SJL/J mice. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:147-153. [PMID: 36685301 PMCID: PMC9845124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complicated multiple sclerosis (MS) can exhibit subacute sight deterioration and can lead to total deprivation of vision. In the current work, we explored the therapeutic outcome of Cathepsin B inhibitor (CA-074) against retinopathy and optic neuritis (ON) caused by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by proteolipid protein peptide (PLP) in female SJL/J mice. A daily dose of 10 mg/kg CA-074 was administered to the EAE mice intraperitoneally for 14 days from day 14 post-immunization until day 28. The Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses show inflammation in the optic nerve through the elevation of iNOS and NFkB markers in EAE mice. Optic neuritis was reported which is a consequence of demyelination and axon injury, estimated with the reduction in myelin basic protein (MBP). The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression level was found to be elevated in the retina of EAE mice which confirmed the retinopathy. The administration of CA-074 ameliorated optic neuritis and retinopathy by reducing inflammation. The treatment with CA-074 also reduced the demyelination and axonal injuries in the EAE mice. The findings of this study have shown the protective effect of CA-074 in the case of retinopathy and ON inflicted by EAE in SJL/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Fayaz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Imam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O. Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alsahli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alhosaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia,Corresponding author at: College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2475, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Kuhlmann T, Moccia M, Coetzee T, Cohen JA, Correale J, Graves J, Marrie RA, Montalban X, Yong VW, Thompson AJ, Reich DS. Multiple sclerosis progression: time for a new mechanism-driven framework. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:78-88. [PMID: 36410373 PMCID: PMC10463558 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, multiple sclerosis has been categorised by distinct clinical descriptors-relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive-for patient care, research, and regulatory approval of medications. Accumulating evidence suggests that the clinical course of multiple sclerosis is better considered as a continuum, with contributions from concurrent pathophysiological processes that vary across individuals and over time. The apparent evolution to a progressive course reflects a partial shift from predominantly localised acute injury to widespread inflammation and neurodegeneration, coupled with failure of compensatory mechanisms, such as neuroplasticity and remyelination. Ageing increases neural susceptibility to injury and decreases resilience. These observations encourage a new consideration of the course of multiple sclerosis as a spectrum defined by the relative contributions of overlapping pathological and reparative or compensatory processes. New understanding of key mechanisms underlying progression and measures to quantify progressive pathology will potentially have important and beneficial implications for clinical care, treatment targets, and regulatory decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Marcello Moccia
- Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Care and Research Centre, Department of Neurosciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Timothy Coetzee
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society (USA), New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment and Research, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jorge Correale
- Fleni, Department of Neurology, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biological Chemistry and Biophysics (IQUIFIB), CONICET/UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xavier Montalban
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia and Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alan J Thompson
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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24
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Montalban X, Wallace D, Genovese MC, Tomic D, Parsons-Rich D, Le Bolay C, Kao AH, Guehring H. Characterisation of the safety profile of evobrutinib in over 1000 patients from phase II clinical trials in multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: an integrated safety analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:1-9. [PMID: 36418156 PMCID: PMC9763187 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-328799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Analyse the integrated safety profile of evobrutinib, a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), using pooled data from multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) trials. METHODS Phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial data were analysed (N=1083; MS: n=213, 48 weeks (W); RA: n=390, 12W; SLE: n=480, 52W). The analysis included all patients who received ≥1 dose of evobrutinib (25 mg or 75 mg once daily, or 50 mg or 75 mgtwice daily) or placebo. Descriptive statistics and exposure-adjusted incidence rates (EAIR) were used to report treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). RESULTS Data from 1083 patients were pooled: evobrutinib, n=861; placebo, n=271 (sum >1083 due to MS trial design: n=49 received both placebo (W0-24) and evobrutinib 25 mg (W25-48)); median follow-up time (pt-years): evobrutinib, 0.501; placebo, 0.463. Across indications, the proportion of patients with TEAEs and the EAIR were similar for evobrutinib and placebo (66.2% (247.6 events/100 pt-years) vs 62.4% (261.4 events/100 pt-years)). By indication, the EAIR (events/100 pt-years) of TEAEs for evobrutinib versus placebo were: MS: 119.7 vs 148.3; RA: 331.8 vs 306.8; SLE: 343.0 vs 302.1. Two fatal events occurred (in SLE). The serious infections EAIR was 2.7 and 2.1 events/100 pt-years for evobrutinib and placebo. For previously reported BTKi-class effects, the EAIR of transient elevated alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase TEAEs (events/100 pt-years) with evobrutinib versus placebo was 4.8 vs 2.8/3.5 vs 0.7, respectively. IgG levels were similar in evobrutinib/placebo-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS This is the first BTKi-integrated safety analysis that includes patients with MS. Overall, evobrutinib treatment (all doses) was generally well tolerated across indications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT02975349, NCT03233230, NCT02975336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Montalban
- Department of Neurology-Neuroimmunology, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark C Genovese
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Davorka Tomic
- Global Clinical Development, Ares Trading SA, Eysins, Switzerland, an affiliate of Merck KGaA
| | - Dana Parsons-Rich
- Global Clinical Development, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA (affiliation at the time the research was conducted)
- ECD-Early Clinical Development, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Amy H Kao
- Translational Innovation Platform in Immunology & Neuroscience, EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA
| | - Hans Guehring
- Global Patient Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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25
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Loonstra FC, de Ruiter LRJ, Koel-Simmelink MJA, Schoonheim MM, Strijbis EMM, Moraal B, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Teunissen C, Killestein J. Neuroaxonal and Glial Markers in Patients of the Same Age With Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 10:10/2/e200078. [PMID: 36543540 PMCID: PMC9773420 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The specificity of novel blood biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS)-related neurodegeneration is unclear because neurodegeneration also occurs during normal aging. To understand which aspects of neurodegeneration the serum biomarkers neurofilament light (sNfL), serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP), and serum contactin-1 (sCNTN1) reflect, we here explore their cross-sectional association with disability outcome measures and MRI volumes in a unique cohort of people with MS (PwMS) of the same age. METHODS sNfL, sGFAP (both singe-molecule array technology) and sCNTN1 (Luminex) were measured in serum samples of 288 PwMS and 125 healthy controls (HCs) of the Project Y cohort, a population-based cross-sectional study of PwMS born in the Netherlands in 1966 and age-matched HC. RESULTS sNfL (9.83 pg/mL [interquartile range {IQR}: 7.8-12.0]) and sGFAP (63.7 pg/mL [IQR: 48.5-84.5]) were higher in PwMS compared with HC (sNfL: 8.8 pg/mL [IQR: 7.0-10.5]; sGFAP: 51.7 pg/mL [IQR: 40.1-68.3]) (p < 0.001), whereas contactin-1 (7,461.3 pg/mL [IQR: 5,951.8-9,488.6]) did not significantly differ between PwMS compared with HC (7,891.2 pg/mL [IQR: 6,120.0-10,265.8]) (p = 0.068). sNfL and sGFAP levels were 1.2-fold higher in secondary progressive patients (SPMS) compared with relapsing remitting patients (p = 0.009 and p = 0.043). Stratified by MS subtype, no relations were seen for CNTN1, whereas sNfL and sGFAP correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (ρ = 0.43 and ρ = 0.39), Nine-Hole Peg Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (average ρ = 0.38) only in patients with SPMS. Parallel to these clinical findings, correlations were only found for sNfL and sGFAP with MRI volumes. The strongest correlations were observed between sNfL and thalamic volume (ρ = -0.52) and between sGFAP with deep gray matter volume (ρ = - 0.56) in primary progressive patients. DISCUSSION In our cohort of patients of the same age, we report consistent correlations of sNfL and sGFAP with a range of metrics, especially in progressive MS, whereas contactin-1 was not related to clinical or MRI measures. This demonstrates the potential of sNfL and sGFAP as complementary biomarkers of neurodegeneration, reflected by disability, in progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor C Loonstra
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lodewijk R J de Ruiter
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen J A Koel-Simmelink
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bastiaan Moraal
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joep Killestein
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
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Combination Therapy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation and Astrocyte Ablation Improve Remyelination in a Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:7278-7292. [PMID: 36175823 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03036-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes display an active, dual, and controversial role in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelination disorder. However, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can affect myelination in demyelinating disorders. This study aimed to investigate the effect of single and combination therapies of astrocyte ablation and MSC transplantation on remyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ) model of MS. C57BL/6 mice were fed 0.2% CPZ diet for 12 weeks. Astrocytes were ablated twice by L-a-aminoadipate (L-AAA) at the beginning of weeks 13 and 14 whereas MSCs were injected in the corpus callosum at the beginning of week 13. Motor coordination and balance were assessed through rotarod test whereas myelin content was evaluated by Luxol-fast blue (LFB) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Glial cells were assessed by immunofluorescence staining while mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Combination treatment of ablation of astrocytes and MSC transplantation (CPZ + MSC + L-AAA) significantly decreased motor coordination deficits better than single treatments (CPZ + MSCs or CPZ + L-AAA), in comparison to CPZ mice. In addition, L-AAA and MSCs treatment significantly enhanced remyelination compared to CPZ group. Moreover, combination therapy caused a significant decrease in the number of GFAP+ and Iba-1+ cells, whereas oligodendrocytes were significantly increased in comparison to CPZ mice. Finally, MSC administration resulted in a significant upregulation of BDNF and NGF mRNA expression levels. Our data indicate that transient ablation of astrocytes along with MSCs treatment improve remyelination through enhancing oligodendrocytes and attenuating gliosis in a chronic demyelinating mouse model of MS.
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Liu M, Liu K, Cheng D, Zheng B, Li S, Mo Z. The regulatory role of NLRX1 in innate immunity and human disease. Cytokine 2022; 160:156055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fuchs L, Mausner-Fainberg K, Luban A, Asseyer SE, Golan M, Benhamou M, Volovitz I, Regev K, Vigiser I, Piura Y, Kolb H, Paul F, Karni A. CTGF/CCN2 has a possible detrimental role in the inflammation and the remyelination failure in the early stages of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 371:577936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tatomir A, Cuevas J, Badea TC, Muresanu DF, Rus V, Rus H. Role of RGC-32 in multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammation – few answers and many questions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:979414. [PMID: 36172382 PMCID: PMC9510783 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.979414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) have brought into the spotlight the major role played by reactive astrocytes in this condition. Response Gene to Complement (RGC)-32 is a gene induced by complement activation, growth factors, and cytokines, notably transforming growth factor β, that is involved in the modulation of processes such as angiogenesis, fibrosis, cell migration, and cell differentiation. Studies have uncovered the crucial role that RGC-32 plays in promoting the differentiation of Th17 cells, a subtype of CD4+ T lymphocytes with an important role in MS and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The latest data have also shown that RGC-32 is involved in regulating major transcriptomic changes in astrocytes and in favoring the synthesis and secretion of extracellular matrix components, growth factors, axonal growth molecules, and pro-astrogliogenic molecules. These results suggest that RGC-32 plays a major role in driving reactive astrocytosis and the generation of astrocytes from radial glia precursors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding how RGC-32 regulates the behavior of Th17 cells and astrocytes in neuroinflammation, providing insight into its role as a potential new biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Tatomir
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jacob Cuevas
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tudor C. Badea
- Research and Development Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University of Brasov, Brasov, Romania
| | - Dafin F. Muresanu
- Department of Neurosciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Violeta Rus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Horea Rus
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Neurology Service, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Horea Rus,
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Bu Shen Yi Sui Capsule Promotes Myelin Repair by Modulating the Transformation of A1/A2 Reactive Astrocytes In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3800004. [PMID: 36092158 PMCID: PMC9458373 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3800004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) primarily hallmarked by neuroinflammation and demyelination. The activation of astrocytes exerts double-edged sword effects, which perform an integral function in demyelination and remyelination. In this research, we examined the therapeutic effects of the Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYS), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, in a cuprizone- (CPZ-) triggered demyelination model of MS (CPZ mice). This research intended to evaluate if BSYS might promote remyelination by shifting A1 astrocytes to A2 astrocytes. Methods. The effects of BSYS on astrocyte polarization and the potential mechanisms were explored in vitro and in vivo utilizing real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Histopathology, expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1β, and IL-6), growth factors (TGF-β, BDNF), and motor coordination were assessed to verify the effects of BSYS (3.02 g/kg/d) on CPZ mice. In vitro, A1 astrocytes were induced by TNF-α (30 ng/mL), IL-1α (3 ng/mL), and C1q (400 ng/mL), following which the effect of BSYS-containing serum (concentration of 15%) on the transformation of A1/A2 reactive astrocytes was also evaluated. Results and Conclusions. BSYS treatment improved motor function in CPZ mice as assessed by rotarod tests. Intragastric administration of BSYS considerably lowered the proportion of A1 astrocytes, but the number of A2 astrocytes, MOG+, PLP+, CNPase+, and MBP+ cells was upregulated. Meanwhile, dysregulation of glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase was reversed in CPZ mice after treatment with BSYS. In addition, the lesion area and expression of proinflammatory cytokines were decreased and neuronal protection factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased. In vitro, BSYS-containing serum suppressed the A1 astrocytic markers' expression and elevated the expression levels of A2 markers in primary astrocytes triggered by C1q, TNF-α, and IL-1α. Importantly, the miR-155/SOCS1 signaling pathway was involved in the modulation of the A1/A2 phenotype shift. Overall, this study demonstrated that BSYS has neuroprotective effects in myelin repair by modulating astrocyte polarization via the miR-155/SOCS1 pathway.
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Zha Z, Liu S, Liu Y, Li C, Wang L. Potential Utility of Natural Products against Oxidative Stress in Animal Models of Multiple Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081495. [PMID: 36009214 PMCID: PMC9404913 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by immune cell infiltration, demyelination and axonal injury. Oxidative stress-induced inflammatory response, especially the destructive effect of immune cell-derived free radicals on neurons and oligodendrocytes, is crucial in the onset and progression of MS. Therefore, targeting oxidative stress-related processes may be a promising preventive and therapeutic strategy for MS. Animal models, especially rodent models, can be used to explore the in vivo molecular mechanisms of MS considering their similarity to the pathological processes and clinical signs of MS in humans and the significant oxidative damage observed within their CNS. Consequently, these models have been used widely in pre-clinical studies of oxidative stress in MS. To date, many natural products have been shown to exert antioxidant effects to attenuate the CNS damage in animal models of MS. This review summarized several common rodent models of MS and their association with oxidative stress. In addition, this review provides a comprehensive and concise overview of previously reported natural antioxidant products in inhibiting the progression of MS.
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:1-4. [PMID: 35751678 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02125-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Jürgen Roth
- University of Zurich, CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Allnoch L, Leitzen E, Zdora I, Baumgärtner W, Hansmann F. Astrocyte depletion alters extracellular matrix composition in the demyelinating phase of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270239. [PMID: 35714111 PMCID: PMC9205503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes produce extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins contributing to the blood-brain barrier and regulating the immune response in the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of astrocyte depletion upon the clinical outcome and the composition of ECM glycoproteins in a virus-induced animal model of demyelination. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-thymidine-kinase transgenic SJL (GFAP-knockout) and wildtype mice were infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). Astrocyte depletion was induced during the progressive, demyelinating disease phase by ganciclovir administration once daily between 56 and 77 days post infection (dpi). At 77 dpi GFAP-knockout mice showed a significant deterioration of clinical signs associated with a reduction of azan and picrosirius red stained ECM-molecules in the thoracic spinal cord. Basement-membrane-associated ECM-molecules including laminin, entactin/nidogen-1 and Kir4.1 as well as non-basement membrane-associated ECM-molecules like collagen I, decorin, tenascin-R and CD44 were significantly reduced in the spinal cord of GFAP-knockout mice. The reduction of the investigated ECM-molecules demonstrates that astrocytes play a key role in the production of ECM-molecules. The present findings indicate that the detected loss of Kir4.1 and CD44 as well as the disruption of the integrity of perineuronal nets led to the deterioration of clinical signs in GFAP-knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Allnoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Leitzen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Zdora
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Florian Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis using AAV gene therapy by blocking T cell costimulatory pathways. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 25:461-475. [PMID: 35615707 PMCID: PMC9118358 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammation and demyelination. Presently, repeated relapses of MS necessitate long-term immune-regulatory therapy. Blocking the CD28-B7 and CD40-CD40L costimulatory pathways is an effective and synergistic method for the prevention and amelioration of clinical symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. In this study, to explore the efficacy and safety of MS gene therapy, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector to deliver CTLA4-immunoglobulin (Ig) or CD40-Ig on the EAE induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). Our results showed that a single administration of AAV8-CTLA4-Ig, either alone or with AAV8-CD40-Ig, protected mice from EAE and reversed disease progression. Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration, inhibition of MOG antibody response, and downregulation of neuroinflammation were observed in mice receiving AAV, suggesting that autoimmunity was suppressed in EAE pathology. Moreover, no hematological or hepatic toxicity was observed in AAV-treated mice. Thus, compared with treatment with recombinant CTLA4-Ig (belatacept), AAV gene therapy could effectively control clinical symptoms and suppress autoimmunity in the long term. In summary, our study provides a potential therapeutic method for blocking T cell costimulation for the treatment of MS via gene therapy.
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Cui Y, Yu H, Bu Z, Wen L, Yan L, Feng J. Focus on the Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Multiple Sclerosis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:894298. [PMID: 35694441 PMCID: PMC9175009 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.894298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated with an aberrant innate immune response in the central nervous system (CNS) and is involved in many neurological diseases. Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that can be used as platforms to induce the maturation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and pyroptosis, thus playing a pivotal role in neuroinflammation. Among the inflammasomes, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat- and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is well-characterized and contributes to many neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and ischemic stroke. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS, and its hallmarks include chronic inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between MS and the NLRP3 inflammasome. To date, the pathogenesis of MS is not fully understood, and clinical studies on novel therapies are still underway. Here, we review the activation mechanism of the NLRP3 inflammasome, its role in MS, and therapies targeting related molecules, which may be beneficial in MS.
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Klistorner A, Klistorner S, You Y, Graham SL, Yiannikas C, Parratt J, Barnett M. Long-term Effect of Permanent Demyelination on Axonal Survival in Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 9:9/3/e1155. [PMID: 35241572 PMCID: PMC8893590 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate the long-term effect of permanent demyelination on axonal attrition by examining an association between intereye asymmetry of the multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) latency delay and subsequent thinning of retinal ganglion cell axons in patients with a long-standing history of unilateral optic neuritis (ON). Methods Only patients with a significant degree of chronic demyelination (intereye latency asymmetry >5 ms) were included in this study. The level of optic nerve demyelination was estimated at baseline by the latency delay of mfVEP, while the degree of axonal loss was assessed by thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between baseline and follow-up visits. Low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) was also evaluated at baseline and follow-up. Patients were examined twice with an average interval of 6.1 ± 1.4 years. Results From 85 examined patients with multiple sclerosis, 28 satisfied inclusion criteria. Latency of the mfVEP was delayed, and RNFL thickness was reduced in ON eyes compared with fellow eyes at both visits. There was significant correlation between latency asymmetry and baseline or follow-up intereye RNFL thickness asymmetry. Intereye asymmetry of LCVA at baseline correlated with baseline latency asymmetry of mfVEP and baseline asymmetry of RNFL thickness. Latency of the mfVEP in ON eyes improved slightly during the follow-up period, whereas latency of the fellow eye remained stable. By contrast, RNFL thickness significantly declined in both ON and fellow eyes during the follow-up period. The rate of RNFL thinning in ON eyes, however, was more than 2 times faster compared with the fellow eyes (p < 0.001). Furthermore, baseline latency asymmetry significantly correlated with the rate of RNFL thinning in ON eyes during the follow-up (p < 0.001), explaining almost half of the variability of temporal RNFL progression. For each millisecond of latency delay (i.e., ∼0.5 mm of demyelination along the optic nerve), temporal RNFL thickness was annually reduced by 0.05%. Discussion Our study provides clear in vivo evidence that chronic demyelination significantly accelerates axonal loss. However, because this process is slow and its effect is mild, long-term monitoring is required to establish and confidently measure the neurodegenerative consequences of demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Klistorner
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Samuel Klistorner
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yuyi You
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Con Yiannikas
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Parratt
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Barnett
- From the Save Sight Institute (A.K., S.K., and Y.Y.), Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K., Y.Y., and S.L.G.), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal North Shore Hospital (S.K., C.Y., and J.P.), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre (M.B.), University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Sydney Neuroimaging Analysis Centre (M.B.), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Fan ZY, Chen YP, Chen L, Zhang XQ, Chen LL, Lu B, Wang Y, Xu W, Xu WH, Zhang JP. The matrine derivate MASM inhibits astrocyte reactivity and alleviates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108771. [PMID: 35461109 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes (AST) play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, and their activation is involved in the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). (6aS, 10S, 11aR, 11bR, 11cS)-10-methylaminododecahydro-3a, 7a-diaza-benzo (de) anthracene-8-thione (MASM), a novel derivative of matrine, exhibits vast pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis and immune regulation. In this study, we demonstrate that MASM is a promising agent for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). MASM not only inhibited inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated astrocytes, but also suppressed the formation of reactive A1 astrocyte and maintained astrocytic functions, including the ability to promote synapse formation and phagocytose synapses and myelin debris. Importantly, MASM could significantly alleviate the development of EAE, with significant inhibition of inflammation, demyelination, axon loss and the body weight loss. Meanwhile, MASM also inhibited the activation of astrocytes and improved the function of BBB in vivo. These findings provide novel insights into the protective effect of MASM on EAE, which may be a promising drug candidate for treatment of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Wei-Heng Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Jun-Ping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Astroglial and oligodendroglial markers in the cuprizone animal model for de- and remyelination. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:15-38. [PMID: 35380252 PMCID: PMC9246805 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Myelin loss with consecutive axon degeneration and impaired remyelination are the underlying causes of progressive disease in patients with multiple sclerosis. Astrocytes are suggested to play a major role in these processes. The unmasking of distinct astrocyte identities in health and disease would help to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms in which astrocytes are involved. However, the number of specific astrocyte markers is limited. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical studies and analyzed various markers including GFAP, vimentin, S100B, ALDH1L1, and LCN2 during de- and remyelination using the toxic murine cuprizone animal model. Applying this animal model, we were able to confirm overlapping expression of vimentin and GFAP and highlighted the potential of ALDH1L1 as a pan-astrocytic marker, in agreement with previous data. Only a small population of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the corpus callosum highly up-regulated LCN2 at the peak of demyelination and S100B expression was found in a subset of oligodendroglia as well, thus S100B turned out to have a limited use as a particular astroglial marker. Additionally, numerous GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lateral corpus callosum did not express S100B, further strengthening findings of heterogeneity in the astrocytic population. In conclusion, our results acknowledged that GFAP, vimentin, LCN2, and ALDH1L1 serve as reliable marker to identify activated astrocytes during cuprizone-induced de- and remyelination. Moreover, there were clear regional and temporal differences in protein and mRNA expression levels and patterns of the studied markers, generally between gray and white matter structures.
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2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (Cladribine) preferentially inhibits the biological activity of microglial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Vasincu A, Rusu RN, Ababei DC, Larion M, Bild W, Stanciu GD, Solcan C, Bild V. Endocannabinoid Modulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Pursuit of Certainty. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030440. [PMID: 35336814 PMCID: PMC8945712 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neurodegenerative diseases represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing therapeutic options are limited and focus mostly on improving symptoms and reducing exacerbations. The endocannabinoid system is involved in the pathophysiology of such disorders, an idea which has been highlighted by recent scientific work. The current work focusses its attention on the importance and implications of this system and its synthetic and natural ligands in disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and multiple sclerosis. Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases are an increasing cause of global morbidity and mortality. They occur in the central nervous system (CNS) and lead to functional and mental impairment due to loss of neurons. Recent evidence highlights the link between neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases of the CNS. These are typically associated with several neurological disorders. These diseases have fundamental differences regarding their underlying physiology and clinical manifestations, although there are aspects that overlap. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is comprised of receptors (type-1 (CB1R) and type-2 (CB2R) cannabinoid-receptors, as well as transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)), endogenous ligands and enzymes that synthesize and degrade endocannabinoids (ECBs). Recent studies revealed the involvement of the ECS in different pathological aspects of these neurodegenerative disorders. The present review will explore the roles of cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) and pharmacological agents that modulate CBRs or ECS activity with reference to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Huntington’s Disease (HD) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Vasincu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Răzvan-Nicolae Rusu
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniela-Carmen Ababei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
| | - Mădălina Larion
- Department of Anaesthesiology Intensive Therapy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Prof. Dr. Octavian Fodor”, 19 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Anaesthetics, Midland Regional Hospital, Longford Road, Mullingar, N91 NA43 Co. Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dumitrița Stanciu
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 8 M. Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Veronica Bild
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy, “Grigore T Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.V.); (D.-C.A.); (V.B.)
- Center of Biomedical Research of the Romanian Academy, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Advanced Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Mirmosayyeb O, Naderi M, Raeisi S, Ebrahimi N, Ghaffary EM, Afshari-Safavi A, Barzegar M, Shaygannejad V. Hearing loss among patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 62:103754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Salles D, Samartini RS, Alves MTDS, Malinverni ACDM, Stávale JN. Functions of astrocytes in multiple sclerosis: a review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Perdaens O, van Pesch V. Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 12:811518. [PMID: 35281989 PMCID: PMC8913495 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.811518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and associated to inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes fuel each other and partially explain increasing incidence of cancers, infections, age-related autoimmunity, and vascular disease as well as a reduced response to vaccination. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease, for which considerable progress in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and management has improved long-term survival. However, disability progression, increasing with age and disease duration, remains. Neurologists are now involved in caring for elderly MS patients, with increasing comorbidities. Aging of the immune system therefore has relevant implications for MS pathogenesis, response to DMTs and the risks mediated by these treatments. We propose to review current evidence regarding markers and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and their relevance to understanding MS pathogenesis. We will focus on age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in MS and other auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The consequences of these immune changes on MS pathology, in interaction with the intrinsic aging process of central nervous system resident cells will be discussed. Finally, the impact of immunosenescence on disease evolution and on the safety and efficacy of current DMTs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Perdaens
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent van Pesch
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Vincent van Pesch
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Barati S, Kashani IR, Tahmasebi F. The effects of mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocyte and demyelination in the cuprizone model. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:333-346. [PMID: 35031895 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS), which is an autoimmune disease, is characterized by symptoms such as demyelination, axonal damage, and astrogliosis. As the most abundant type of glial cells, astrocytes play an important role in MS pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subset of stromal cells that have the potential for migration, immune-modulation, differentiation, remyelination, and neuroregeneration. Therefore, the present study evaluates the effects of MSC transplantation on A1 reactive astrocytes and the remyelination process in the cuprizone mouse model. The study used 30 male C57BL/6 mice, which were randomly distributed into three subgroups (n = 10), i.e., control, cuprizone, and transplanted MSCs groups. In order to generate a chronic demyelination model, the mice in the cuprizone group received food mixed with 0.2% cuprizone powder for 12 weeks. Then, 2 μl of DMEM containing approximately 3 × 105 DiI labeled cells was injected with a 4-min interval into the right lateral ventricle using a 10-μl Hamilton syringe. After 2 weeks of cell transplantation, we used the rotarod test to evaluate the behavioral deficits, while the remyelination process was assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Luxol Fast Blue (LFB) staining. We assessed the population of A1 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes using specific markers, such as C3, GFAP, and Olig2, using the immunefleurocent method. The pro-inflammatory and trophic factors were assessed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to our data, the specific marker of A1 astrocytes (C3) decreased in the MSCs group, while the number of oligodendrocytes significantly increased in this group compared to the cuprizone mice. Additionally, MSC was able to enhance the remyelination process after cuprizone usage, as shown by LFB and TEM images. The molecular results showed that MSCs could reduce pro-inflammatory factors, such as IL-1 and TNF-α, through the secretion of BDNF and TGF-β as trophic factors. The obtained results indicated that MSC could reduce demyelination and inflammation by decreasing A1 neurotoxic reactive astrocytes and neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors secretion in the chronic cuprizone demyelination model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hastings N, Kuan WL, Osborne A, Kotter MRN. Therapeutic Potential of Astrocyte Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221105499. [PMID: 35770772 PMCID: PMC9251977 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation is an attractive treatment strategy for a variety of brain disorders, as it promises to replenish lost functions and rejuvenate the brain. In particular, transplantation of astrocytes has come into light recently as a therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); moreover, grafting of astrocytes also showed positive results in models of other conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases of older age to traumatic injury and stroke. Despite clear differences in etiology, disorders such as ALS, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases, as well as traumatic injury and stroke, converge on a number of underlying astrocytic abnormalities, which include inflammatory changes, mitochondrial damage, calcium signaling disturbance, hemichannel opening, and loss of glutamate transporters. In this review, we examine these convergent pathways leading to astrocyte dysfunction, and explore the existing evidence for a therapeutic potential of transplantation of healthy astrocytes in various models. Existing literature presents a wide variety of methods to generate astrocytes, or relevant precursor cells, for subsequent transplantation, while described outcomes of this type of treatment also differ between studies. We take technical differences between methodologies into account to understand the variability of therapeutic benefits, or lack thereof, at a deeper level. We conclude by discussing some key requirements of an astrocyte graft that would be most suitable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Hastings
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Osborne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark R N Kotter
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Eliseeva D, Zakharova M. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2022; 122:5-13. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20221220725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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48
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Jha RM, Rani A, Desai SM, Raikwar S, Mihaljevic S, Munoz-Casabella A, Kochanek PM, Catapano J, Winkler E, Citerio G, Hemphill JC, Kimberly WT, Narayan R, Sahuquillo J, Sheth KN, Simard JM. Sulfonylurea Receptor 1 in Central Nervous System Injury: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111899. [PMID: 34769328 PMCID: PMC8584331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) is a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) protein superfamily, encoded by Abcc8, and is recognized as a key mediator of central nervous system (CNS) cellular swelling via the transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel. Discovered approximately 20 years ago, this channel is normally absent in the CNS but is transcriptionally upregulated after CNS injury. A comprehensive review on the pathophysiology and role of SUR1 in the CNS was published in 2012. Since then, the breadth and depth of understanding of the involvement of this channel in secondary injury has undergone exponential growth: SUR1-TRPM4 inhibition has been shown to decrease cerebral edema and hemorrhage progression in multiple preclinical models as well as in early clinical studies across a range of CNS diseases including ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid hemorrhage, spinal cord injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, multiple sclerosis, encephalitis, neuromalignancies, pain, liver failure, status epilepticus, retinopathies and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. Given these substantial developments, combined with the timeliness of ongoing clinical trials of SUR1 inhibition, now, another decade later, we review advances pertaining to SUR1-TRPM4 pathobiology in this spectrum of CNS disease—providing an overview of the journey from patch-clamp experiments to phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M. Jha
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Anupama Rani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Shashvat M. Desai
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (R.M.J.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Sandra Mihaljevic
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Amanda Munoz-Casabella
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (A.R.); (S.R.); (S.M.); (A.M.-C.)
| | - Patrick M. Kochanek
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua Catapano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Ethan Winkler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA; (J.C.); (E.W.)
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Neurointensive Care Unit, Department of Neuroscience, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST—Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - J. Claude Hemphill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - W. Taylor Kimberly
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Raj Narayan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Juan Sahuquillo
- Neurotrauma and Neurosurgery Research Unit (UNINN), Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin N. Sheth
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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An J, He Y, Yin JJ, Ding ZB, Han QX, Chen YY, Wang Q, Chai Z, Yu JZ, Song LJ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. Temporal and spatial evolution of various functional neurons during demyelination induced by cuprizone. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1756-1771. [PMID: 34669500 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00224.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report the temporal and spatial evolution of various functional neurons during demyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ)-induced mouse model. CPZ did not significantly induce the damage of axons and neurons after 2 wk of feeding. However, after 4-6 wk of CPZ feeding, axons and neurons were markedly reduced in the cortex, posterior thalamic nuclear group, and hippocampus. Simultaneously, the expression of TPH+ tryptophan neurons and VGLUT1+ glutamate neurons was obviously decreased, and the expression of TH+ dopaminergic neurons was slightly decreased in the tail part of the substantia nigra striatum, whereas the number of ChAT+ cholinergic neurons was not significantly different in the brain. In the second week of feeding, CPZ caused a higher level of glutamate secretion and upregulated the expression of EAAT2 on astrocytes, which should contribute to rapid and sufficient glutamate uptake and removal. This finding reveals that astrocyte-driven glutamate reuptake protected the CNS from excitotoxicity by rapid reuptake of glutamate in 4-6 wk of CPZ feeding. At this stage, although NG2+ oligodendroglia progenitor cells (OPCs) were enhanced in the demyelination foci, the myelin sheath was still absent. In conclusion, we comprehensively observed the temporal and spatial evolution of various functional neurons. Our results will assist with understanding how demyelination affects neurons during CPZ-induced demyelination and provide novel information for neuroprotection in myelin regeneration and demyelinating diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our results further indicate temporal and spatial evolution of various functional neurons during the demyelination in a cuprizone (CPZ)-induced mouse model, which mainly occur 4-6 wk after CPZ feeding. At the same time, the axonal compartment is damaged and, consequently, neuronal death occurs, while glutamate neurons are lost obviously. The astrocyte-mediated glutamate reuptake could protect the neurons from the excitatory effects of glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun An
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan He
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jun-Jun Yin
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Ding
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology and Neurology, Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing-Xian Han
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qing Wang
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Li-Juan Song
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Physiology and Neurology, Affiliated Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China.,Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
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Cossu D, Yokoyama K, Sato S, Noda S, Sechi LA, Hattori N. PARKIN modifies peripheral immune response and increases neuroinflammation in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Neuroimmunol 2021; 359:577694. [PMID: 34450375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. To elucidate the effects of the mitophagy-related gene Parkin on neuroinflammation, we used a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Female Parkin-/- and female wild type control mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein to develop active EAE. Compared to the wild type controls, the Parkin-/- mice showed an earlier onset and greater severity of EAE with a greatly increased number of CD8αβ+TCRαβ+ T cells in the spleen and brain as well as a stronger T-cell proliferative response and an altered cytokine secretion in splenocytes. Furthermore, the Parkin-/- mice showed massive recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and activated microglia in the spinal cord during the acute phase of the disease. They also showed accumulation of microglia co-expressing M1 and M2 markers in the brain and a strong over-expression of A1 reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord. Furthermore, the Parkin-/- mice that developed persistent disease exhibited reduced glial cell numbers and abnormalities in mitochondrial morphology. Our study sheds light on the role of PARKIN protein in modulating peripheral immune cells-mediated immunity during EAE, highlighting its importance in neuroinflammation, and thus elucidating its potential in the development of novel neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Shigeto Sato
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Sachiko Noda
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy; SC Microbiologia AOU Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
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