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Mutlu B, Cesur S, Mutlu A, Kalcioglu MT. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex in the Aging Population. SISLI ETFAL HASTANESI TIP BULTENI 2024; 58:45-54. [PMID: 38808050 PMCID: PMC11128693 DOI: 10.14744/semb.2023.31967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of individuals over 60 years of age who have not been diagnosed with a specific vestibular pathology. Methods Bilateral six-semicircular canal video head impulse test (vHIT), Dizziness Handicap Inventory and European Evaluation of Vertigo scales were applied to participants. Results In total, 103 participants were included in the study (75 male, 28 female), and the mean age was 69.35 ± 7.41 years. The mean age of 7th decade group was 64.32±3.12 (59 participants; 38 male, 21 female), and the mean age of 8th decade and older group was 76.11±5.93 (44 participants; 37 male, 7 female). No significant differences were found between the VOR gains of the lateral or vertical semicircular canals between the 7th decade and 8th decade and older groups (p>0.05). In the 8th decade and older group, the presence of right lateral semicircular canal corrective saccade and left posterior semicircular canal corrective saccade showed a positively moderate correlation with VOR gains of the same semicircular canals (r=0.455, p=0.002, and r=0.518, p=0.001, respectively). No significant correlation was found between age and VOR gain in the 7th decade group, however, there was a negatively weak correlation between age and left lateral semicircular canal VOR gain (r=-0.366, p=0.017) in the 8th decade and older group. Conclusion While assessing the age-related changes in VOR using vHIT, it must be considered that the changes related to aging of the vestibular system begin to emerge in the population over 70 years of age, and corrective saccade findings may be more informative than VOR gains in revealing these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Mutlu
- Department of Audiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sidika Cesur
- Department of Audiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Mutlu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Goztepe Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Dastgheib ZA, Lithgow BJ, Moussavi ZK. Evaluating the Diagnostic Value of Electrovestibulography (EVestG) in Alzheimer's Patients with Mixed Pathology: A Pilot Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2091. [PMID: 38138194 PMCID: PMC10744488 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Diagnosis of dementia subtypes caused by different brain pathophysiologies, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD) from AD mixed with levels of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) symptomology (AD-CVD), is challenging due to overlapping symptoms. In this pilot study, the potential of Electrovestibulography (EVestG) for identifying AD, AD-CVD, and healthy control populations was investigated. Materials and Methods: A novel hierarchical multiclass diagnostic algorithm based on the outcomes of its lower levels of binary classifications was developed using data of 16 patients with AD, 13 with AD-CVD, and 24 healthy age-matched controls, and then evaluated on a blind testing dataset made up of a new population of 12 patients diagnosed with AD, 9 with AD-CVD, and 8 healthy controls. Multivariate analysis was run to test the between population differences while controlling for sex and age covariates. Results: The accuracies of the multiclass diagnostic algorithm were found to be 85.7% and 79.6% for the training and blind testing datasets, respectively. While a statistically significant difference was found between the populations after accounting for sex and age, no significant effect was found for sex or age covariates. The best characteristic EVestG features were extracted from the upright sitting and supine up/down stimulus responses. Conclusions: Two EVestG movements (stimuli) and their most informative features that are best selective of the above-populations' separations were identified, and a hierarchy diagnostic algorithm was developed for three-way classification. Given that the two stimuli predominantly stimulate the otholithic organs, physiological and experimental evidence supportive of the results are presented. Disruptions of inhibition associated with GABAergic activity might be responsible for the changes in the EVestG features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zahra K. Moussavi
- Diagnostic and Neurological Processing Research Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Riverview Health Centre, Winnipeg, MB R3L 2P4, Canada; (Z.A.D.); (B.J.L.)
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Shi XB, Wang J, Li FT, Zhang YB, Qu WM, Dai CF, Huang ZL. Whole-brain monosynaptic outputs and presynaptic inputs of GABAergic neurons in the vestibular nuclei complex of mice. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:982596. [PMID: 36090271 PMCID: PMC9459096 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.982596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GABAergic neurons in the vestibular nuclei (VN) participate in multiple vital vestibular sensory processing allowing for the maintenance and rehabilitation of vestibular functions. However, although the important role of GABA in the central vestibular system has been widely reported, the underlying neural circuits between VN GABAergic neurons and other brain functional regions remain elusive, which limits the further study of the underlying mechanism. Hence, it is necessary to elucidate neural connectivity based on outputs and inputs of GABAergic neurons in the VN. This study employed a modified rabies virus retrograde tracing vector and cre-dependent adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) anterograde tracing vector, combined with a transgenic VGAT-IRES-Cre mice, to map the inputs and outputs of VN GABAergic neurons in the whole brain. We found that 51 discrete brain regions received projections from VN GABAergic neurons in the whole brain, and there were 77 upstream nuclei innervating GABAergic neurons in the VN. These nuclei were mainly located in four brain regions, including the medulla, pons, midbrain, and cerebellum. Among them, VN GABAergic neurons established neural circuits with some functional nuclei in the whole brain, especially regulating balance maintenance, emotion control, pain processing, sleep and circadian rhythm regulation, and fluid homeostasis. Therefore, this study deepens a comprehensive understanding of the whole-brain neural connectivity of VN, providing the neuroanatomical information for further research on the neural mechanism of the co-morbidities with vestibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Bei Shi
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Tian Li
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Fu Dai
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Ministry of Health, Eye and Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Fu Dai
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Li Huang
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Ngwa C, Al Mamun A, Qi S, Sharmeen R, Xu Y, Liu F. Regulation of microglial activation in stroke in aged mice: a translational study. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6047-6065. [PMID: 35963621 PMCID: PMC9417226 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous neurochemical changes occur with aging and stroke mainly affects the elderly. Our previous study has found interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and 4 (IRF4) regulate neuroinflammation in young stroke mice. However, whether the IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis has the same effect in aged brains is not known. In this study, aged (18-20-month-old), microglial IRF5 or IRF4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Stroke outcomes were quantified at 3d after MCAO. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to evaluate microglial activation and immune responses. We found aged microglia express higher levels of IRF5 and lower levels of IRF4 than young microglia after stroke. IRF5 CKO aged mice had improved stroke outcomes; whereas worse outcomes were seen in IRF4 CKO vs. their flox controls. IRF5 CKO aged microglia had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and CD68 than controls; whereas significantly higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were seen in IRF4 CKO vs. control microglia. Plasma levels of TNF-α and MIP-1α were decreased in IRF5 CKO vs. flox aged mice, and IL-1β/IL-6 levels were increased in IRF4 CKO vs. controls. The anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4/IL-10) levels were higher in IRF5 CKO, and lower in IRF4 CKO aged mice vs. their flox controls. IRF5 and IRF4 signaling drives microglial pro- and anti-inflammatory response respectively; microglial IRF5 is detrimental and IRF4 beneficial for aged mice in stroke. IRF5-IRF4 axis is a promising target for developing new, effective therapeutic strategies for the cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conelius Ngwa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaohua Qi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Jha RH, Piker EG, Romero D. Effects of Age and Middle Ear on the Frequency Tuning of the cVEMP and oVEMP. J Am Acad Audiol 2022; 33:259-269. [PMID: 36343649 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1747910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upward shift in the air conducted (AC) frequency tuning of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) as an effect of aging is hypothesized to be due to the microstructural stiffening changes in the inner ear. However, with an AC stimulus, it may be possible that the shift in the frequency tuning of VEMPs as an effect of aging may also be due to contributions from the middle ear. PURPOSE The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of age on the frequency tuning of the cervical VEMP (cVEMP) and ocular VEMP (oVEMP) and determine the role of middle ear transmission characteristics in shaping these effects. RESEARCH DESIGN Standard group comparison. STUDY SAMPLE One-hundred seven participants divided in three groups: young adult, middle-age, and older adults with "normal" middle ear and negative history of neurological or vestibular complaints. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSES Middle ear measures included static admittance and middle ear resonant frequency. cVEMP and oVEMPs were elicited with AC tone bursts at 500, 750, and 1,000 Hz. RESULTS No significant effect of age was observed on any of the middle ear measures. There was a significant effect of age on the amplitude of the cVEMP, but this effect was frequency specific. The age-related reduction in cVEMP corrected amplitude was only observed when the eliciting stimulus was 500 or 750 Hz, with no significant effect observed with a 1,000 Hz stimulus. For the oVEMP, the effects of age were apparent at all stimulus frequencies. We also observed a general upward shift in the frequency tuning of both the cVEMP and oVEMP for middle-age and older adults, with 750 and 1,000 Hz yielding higher response rates and larger amplitudes among middle-aged and older adults. Measurements of middle ear did not significantly contribute to the observed findings. CONCLUSIONS The upward shift in frequency tuning of VEMPs among middle age and older adults could be due to the changes in the vestibular system and not from the middle ear. These results support the use of different frequency stimuli (i.e., 750 or 1,000 Hz) to elicit a VEMP if a response is absent using a 500 Hz stimulus, especially in patients over the age of 40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Hira Jha
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
| | - Erin G Piker
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
| | - Daniel Romero
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia
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6
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Kimijanová J, Hirjaková Z, Bzdúšková D, Hlavačka F. Influence of vision on gait initiation and first step kinematics in young and older adults. Physiol Res 2021; 70:S409-S417. [PMID: 35099259 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The study investigated whether anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) of gait initiation and kinematics of the first step are modified with absence of vision in relation to age. Twenty-two young and twenty-two older subjects initiated a self-paced gait with the vision available and deprived. APAs were measured by: (1) force platform and evaluated by maximal amplitude of the center of pressure (CoP) displacements; (2) two inertial sensors attached to the trunk and evaluated by maximal accelerations. Step kinematics was recorded using a motion capture system and evaluated by duration, length and maximal velocity of the first step. Visual deprivation led to a significant reduction of forward trunk accelerations during the anticipatory phase of stepping in older adults. Moreover, they significantly reduced first step length and maximal velocity and prolonged duration of the first step. Contrary, young adults did not respond to absence of vision by significant changes of neither APAs, nor first step kinematics. These findings suggest that gait initiation is strongly associated with increased reliance on vision in older adults. We further indicate that trunk accelerations during the anticipatory phase of stepping may be a more sensitive measure to detect age-related changes of APAs due to absent visual information compared to CoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kimijanová
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Computational epidemiology study of homeostatic compensation during sensorimotor aging. Neural Netw 2021; 146:316-333. [PMID: 34923219 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes vision during head motion. Age-related changes of vestibular neuroanatomical properties predict a linear decay of VOR function. Nonetheless, human epidemiological data show a stable VOR function across the life span. In this study, we model cerebellum-dependent VOR adaptation to relate structural and functional changes throughout aging. We consider three neurosynaptic factors that may codetermine VOR adaptation during aging: the electrical coupling of inferior olive neurons, the long-term spike timing-dependent plasticity at parallel fiber - Purkinje cell synapses and mossy fiber - medial vestibular nuclei synapses, and the intrinsic plasticity of Purkinje cell synapses Our cross-sectional aging analyses suggest that long-term plasticity acts as a global homeostatic mechanism that underpins the stable temporal profile of VOR function. The results also suggest that the intrinsic plasticity of Purkinje cell synapses operates as a local homeostatic mechanism that further sustains the VOR at older ages. Importantly, the computational epidemiology approach presented in this study allows discrepancies among human cross-sectional studies to be understood in terms of interindividual variability in older individuals. Finally, our longitudinal aging simulations show that the amount of residual fibers coding for the peak and trough of the VOR cycle constitutes a predictive hallmark of VOR trajectories over a lifetime.
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8
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Mao D, He Z, Xuan W, Deng J, Li W, Fang X, Li L, Zhang F. Effect and mechanism of BDNF/TrkB signaling on vestibular compensation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11823-11836. [PMID: 34719333 PMCID: PMC8810063 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1997565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates neuronal plasticity by targeting the tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB) receptor, but limited researches concentrate on the role of BDNF/TrkB signaling in vestibular compensation. In this study, rats with unilateral vestibular dysfunction were established by unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) and infusion with siBDNF or 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF, a TrkB receptor agonist). The behavioral scores of rats with vestibular deficits were determined and the rotarod test was performed after UL. BDNF and TrkB levels after UL were determined by western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells (newly generated cells) and GAD67-positive cells (GABAergic neurons) were identified by immunohistochemistry. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (astrocyte marker)-positive cells were identified and GABA type A receptor (GABAAR) expression was detected by immunofluorescence. We found that after UL, BDNF and TrkB levels were up-regulated with a maximum value at 4 h, and then progressively down-regulated during 4 h ~ 7 d. Blocking BDNF/TrkB signaling inhibited the recovery from vestibular deficits, decreased the numbers of newly generated cells and astrocytes in medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), inferior vestibular nerve (IVN), superior vestibular nerve (SVN) and lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), and disrupted the balances of GABAergic neurons and GABAAR expressions in the left (lesioned) side and right (intact) side of MVN, whereas activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling caused opposite results. The current study indicated that BDNF/TrkB signaling avails vestibular compensation, depending on the number of newly generated cells and astrocytes, the rebalance of GABAergic neurons, and GABAAR expression in bilateral MVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehong Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongmei He
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Weichun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Linglong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yongchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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Shi X, Wei H, Chen Z, Wang J, Qu W, Huang Z, Dai C. Whole-brain monosynaptic inputs and outputs of glutamatergic neurons of the vestibular nuclei complex in mice. Hear Res 2020; 401:108159. [PMID: 33401198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.108159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular nuclei complex (VN) glutamatergic neurons play a critical role in the multisensory and multimodal processing. The dysfunction of VN leads to a series of vestibular concurrent symptoms, such as disequilibrium, spatial disorientation, autonomic disorders and even emotion disorders. However, the reciprocal neural connectivity in the whole brain of VN glutamatergic neurons was incompletely understood. Here, we employed a cell-type-specific, cre-dependent, modified virus vector to retrogradely and anterogradely trace VN glutamatergic neurons in the VGLUT2-IRES-Cre mouse line. We identified and analyzed statistically the afferents and efferents of VN glutamatergic neurons in the whole brain, and also reconstructed monosynaptic inputs distribution of VN glutamatergic neurons at the three-dimensional level with the combination of a fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system (fMOST). We found that VN glutamatergic neurons primarily received afferents from 57 nuclei and send efferents to 59 nuclei in the whole brain, intensively located in the brainstem and cerebellum. Projections from nuclei in the cerebellum targeting VN glutamatergic neurons mainly performed the balance control - the principal function of the vestibular system. In addition, VN glutamatergic neurons sent projections to oculomotor nucleus, trochlear nucleus and abducens nucleus dominating the eye movement. Except for the maintenance of balance, VN glutamatergic neurons were also directly connected with other functional regions, such as sleep-wake state (locus coeruleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, gigantocellular reticular nucleus, lateral paragigantocellular nucleus, periaqueductal gray, subcoeruleus nucleus, parvicellular reticular nucleus, paramedian raphe nucleus), and emotional regulation (locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus). Hence, this study revealed a comprehensive whole-brain neural connectivity of VN glutamatergic neurons and provided with a neuroanatomic foundation to further study on central vestibular circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunbei Shi
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haohua Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zeka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weimin Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhili Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Chunfu Dai
- Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.
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Han L, Wu KLK, Kwan PY, Chua OWH, Shum DKY, Chan YS. 5-HT 1A receptor-mediated attenuation of synaptic transmission in rat medial vestibular nucleus impacts on vestibular-related motor function. J Physiol 2020; 599:253-267. [PMID: 33006159 DOI: 10.1113/jp280610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Chemogenetic activation of medial vestibular nucleus-projecting 5-HT neurons resulted in deficits in vestibular-mediated tasks, including negative geotaxis, balance beam and rota-rod tests. The 5-HT1A receptor mediates the vestibular-related behavioural effects of 5-HT in the vestibular nucleus. 5-HT1A receptor activation attenuated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents via a presynaptic mechanism in the vestibular nucleus. ABSTRACT While the anxiolytic effects of serotonergic neuromodulation are well studied, its role in sensorimotor coordination and postural control is unclear. In this study, we show that an increase of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) at the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), a brainstem centre for vestibulospinal coordination, by either direct cannula administration or chemogenetic stimulation of MVN-projecting serotonergic neurons, adversely affected performance of rats in vestibular-mediated tasks, including negative geotaxis, balance beam and rota-rod tests. Application of the 5-HT1 and 5-HT7 receptor co-agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin recapitulated the effect of 5-HT, while co-administration of the specific 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100135 effectively abolished all 5-HT-induced behavioural deficits. This indicated that 5-HT1A receptors mediated the effects of 5-HT in the rat MVN. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we demonstrated that 5-HT1A receptor activation attenuated both evoked excitatory and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents through a presynaptic mechanism in the rat MVN. The results thus highlight the 5-HT1A receptor as the gain controller of vestibular-related brainstem circuits for posture and balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kenneth Lap-Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Pui-Yi Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Oscar Wing-Ho Chua
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Daisy Kwok-Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Reuss S, Siebrecht E, Stier U, Buchholz HG, Bausbacher N, Schabbach N, Kronfeld A, Dieterich M, Schreckenberger M. Modeling Vestibular Compensation: Neural Plasticity Upon Thalamic Lesion. Front Neurol 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32528401 PMCID: PMC7256190 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study in rats was conducted to identify brain regions affected by the interruption of vestibular transmission and to explore selected aspects of their functional connections. We analyzed, by positron emission tomography (PET), the regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) of cortical, and subcortical cerebral regions processing vestibular signals after an experimental lesion of the left laterodorsal thalamic nucleus, a relay station for vestibular input en route to the cortical circuitry. PET scans upon galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) were conducted in each animal prior to lesion and at post-lesion days (PLD) 1, 3, 7, and 20, and voxel-wise statistical analysis of rCGM at each PLD compared to pre-lesion status were performed. After lesion, augmented metabolic activation by GVS was detected in cerebellum, mainly contralateral, and in contralateral subcortical structures such as superior colliculus, while diminished activation was observed in ipsilateral visual, entorhinal, and somatosensory cortices, indicating compensatory processes in the non-affected sensory systems of the unlesioned side. The changes in rCGM observed after lesion resembled alterations observed in patients suffering from unilateral thalamic infarction and may be interpreted as brain plasticity mechanisms associated with vestibular compensation and substitution. The second set of experiments aimed at the connections between cortical and subcortical vestibular regions and their neurotransmitter systems. Neuronal tracers were injected in regions processing vestibular and somatosensory information. Injections into the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) or the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) retrogradely labeled neuronal somata in ventral posteromedial (VPM), posterolateral (VPL), ventrolateral (VL), posterior (Po), and laterodorsal nucleus, dorsomedial part (LDDM), locus coeruleus, and contralateral S1 area. Injections into the parafascicular nucleus (PaF), VPM/VPL, or LDDM anterogradely labeled terminal fields in S1, ACC, insular cortex, hippocampal CA1 region, and amygdala. Immunohistochemistry showed tracer-labeled terminal fields contacting cortical neurons expressing the μ-opioid receptor. Antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, substance P, or neuronal nitric oxide-synthase did not label any of the traced structures. These findings provide evidence for opioidergic transmission in thalamo-cortical transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuss
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elena Siebrecht
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulla Stier
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Buchholz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Bausbacher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Schabbach
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Kronfeld
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilians-University München, Munich, Germany.,Cluster of Systems Neurology, SyNergy, München, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Noohi F, Kinnaird C, De Dios Y, Kofman I, Wood SJ, Bloomberg JJ, Mulavara AP, Sienko KH, Polk TA, Seidler RD. Deactivation of somatosensory and visual cortices during vestibular stimulation is associated with older age and poorer balance. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221954. [PMID: 31513630 PMCID: PMC6742389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with peripheral and central declines in vestibular processing and postural control. Here we used functional MRI to investigate age differences in neural vestibular representations in response to pneumatic tap stimulation. We also measured the amount of body sway in multiple balance tasks outside of the MRI scanner to assess the relationship between individuals' balance ability and their vestibular neural response. We found a general pattern of activation in canonical vestibular cortex and deactivation in cross modal sensory regions in response to vestibular stimulation. We found that activation amplitude of the vestibular cortex was correlated with age, with younger individuals exhibiting higher activation. Deactivation of visual and somatosensory regions increased with age and was associated with poorer balance. The results demonstrate that brain activations and deactivations in response to vestibular stimuli are correlated with balance, and the pattern of these correlations varies with age. The findings also suggest that older adults exhibit less sensitivity to vestibular stimuli, and may compensate by differentially reweighting visual and somatosensory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Noohi
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Kinnaird
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Igor Kofman
- KBRwyle, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Wood
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | - Kathleen H. Sienko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Thad A. Polk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Rachael D. Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for Bilateral Vestibulospinal Dysfunction. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 2018:8673486. [PMID: 30410718 PMCID: PMC6205319 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8673486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Pisa syndrome (PS) is a postural complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, its pathophysiology remains unclear, although a multifactorial component is probable. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) explore vestibulospinal pathway, but they have not been measured yet in PD patients with PS (PDPS) to assess a potential vestibular impairment. Materials and Methods We enrolled 15 PD patients, 15 PDPS patients, and 30 healthy controls (HCs). They underwent neurological examination and were examined with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale II-III (UPDRSII-III), audiovestibular workup, and cVEMP recordings. Data were analysed with Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, multinomial regression, nonparametric, and Spearman's tests. Results cVEMPs were significantly impaired in both PD and PDPS compared with HCs. PDPS exhibited more severe cVEMP abnormalities with prevalent bilateral loss of potentials, compared with the PD group, in which a prevalent unilateral loss was instead observed. No clinical-neurophysiological correlations emerged. Conclusions Differently from HC, cVEMPs are altered in PD. Severity of cVEMPs alterations increases from PD without PS to PDPS, suggesting an involvement of vestibulospinal pathway in the pathophysiology of PS. Our results provide evidence for a significant impairment of cVEMPs in PDPS patients and encourage further studies to test validity of cVEMPs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of PD progression.
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Degree of Functional Impairment Associated With Vestibular Hypofunction Among Older Adults With Cognitive Decline. Otol Neurotol 2018; 39:e392-e400. [DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The last year has seen a great deal of new information published relating vestibular dysfunction to cognitive impairment in humans, especially in the elderly. The objective of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate this new evidence in the context of the previous literature. RECENT FINDINGS This review will address the recent epidemiological/survey studies that link vestibular dysfunction with cognitive impairment in the elderly; recent clinical investigations into cognitive impairment in the context of vestibular dysfunction, both in the elderly and in the cases of otic capsule dehiscence and partial bilateral vestibulopathy; recent evidence that vestibular impairment is associated with hippocampal atrophy; and finally recent evidence relating to the hypothesis that vestibular dysfunction could be a risk factor for dementia. SUMMARY The main implication of these recent studies is that vestibular dysfunction, possibly of any type, may result in cognitive impairment, and this could be especially so for the elderly. Such symptoms will need to be considered in the treatment of patients with vestibular disorders.
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El-Gharib A, Nada E, Lasheen R. Auditory P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) in patients with peripheral vestibular hypofunction. HEARING, BALANCE AND COMMUNICATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21695717.2018.1426296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani El-Gharib
- Audiology Unit, Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ebtessam Nada
- Audiology Unit, Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham Lasheen
- Audiology Unit, Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Gergova AA, Zamergrad MV, Artemiev DV, Levin OS. Vestibular disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2018; 118:73-76. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201811806273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Him A, Altuntaş S, Öztürk G, Erdoğan E, Cengiz N. Isolation and culture of adult mouse vestibular nucleus neurons. Turk J Med Sci 2017; 47:1903-1911. [PMID: 29306256 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1706-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: Isolated cell cultures are widely used to study neuronal properties due to their advantages. Although embryonic animals are preferred for culturing, their morphological or electrophysiological properties may not reflect adult neurons, which may be important in neurodegenerative diseases. This paper aims to develop a method for preparing isolated cell cultures of medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) from adult mice and describe its morphological and electrophysiological properties.Materials and methods: Vestibular nucleus neurons were mechanically and enzymatically isolated and cultured using a defined medium with known growth factors. Cell survival was measured with propidium iodide, and electrophysiological properties were investigated with current-clamp recording.Results: Vestibular neurons grew neurites in cultures, gaining adult-like morphological properties, and stayed viable for 3 days in culture. Adding bovine calf serum, nerve growth factor, or insulin-like growth factor into the culture medium enhanced neuronal viability. Current-clamp recording of the cultured neurons revealed tonic and phasic-type neurons with similar input resistance, resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and duration. Conclusion: Vestibular neurons from adult mice can be cultured, and regenerate axons in a medium containing appropriate growth factors. Culturing adult vestibular neurons provides a new method to study age-related pathologies of the vestibular system.
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Smith PF. A Guerilla Guide to Common Problems in 'Neurostatistics': Essential Statistical Topics in Neuroscience. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 16:R1-R12. [PMID: 29371855 PMCID: PMC5777851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Effective inferential statistical analysis is essential for high quality studies in neuroscience. However, recently, neuroscience has been criticised for the poor use of experimental design and statistical analysis. Many of the statistical issues confronting neuroscience are similar to other areas of biology; however, there are some that occur more regularly in neuroscience studies. This review attempts to provide a succinct overview of some of the major issues that arise commonly in the analyses of neuroscience data. These include: the non-normal distribution of the data; inequality of variance between groups; extensive correlation in data for repeated measurements across time or space; excessive multiple testing; inadequate statistical power due to small sample sizes; pseudo-replication; and an over-emphasis on binary conclusions about statistical significance as opposed to effect sizes. Statistical analysis should be viewed as just another neuroscience tool, which is critical to the final outcome of the study. Therefore, it needs to be done well and it is a good idea to be proactive and seek help early, preferably before the study even begins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Smith
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, and the Eisdell Moore Centre for Hearing and Balance Research, University of Auckland
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20
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Godfrey DA, Chen K, O'Toole TR, Mustapha AI. Amino acid and acetylcholine chemistry in the central auditory system of young, middle-aged and old rats. Hear Res 2017; 350:173-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Liu P, Gupta N, Jing Y, Collie ND, Zhang H, Smith PF. Further studies of the effects of aging on arginine metabolites in the rat vestibular nucleus and cerebellum. Neuroscience 2017; 348:273-287. [PMID: 28238850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Some studies have demonstrated that aging is associated with impaired vestibular reflexes, especially otolithic reflexes, resulting in postural instability. However, the neurochemical basis of these age-related changes is still poorly understood. The l-arginine metabolic system has been implicated in changes in the brain associated with aging. In the current study, we examined the levels of l-arginine and its metabolizing enzymes and downstream metabolites in the vestibular nucleus complex (VNC) and cerebellum (CE) of rats with and without behavioral testing which were young (4months old), middle-aged (12months old) or aged (24months old). We found that aging was associated with lower nitric oxide synthase activity in the CE of animals with testing and increased arginase in the VNC and CE of animals with testing. l-citrulline and l-ornithine were lower in the VNC of aged animals irrespective of testing, while l-arginine and l-citrulline were lower in the CE with and without testing, respectively. In the VNC and CE, aging was associated with lower levels of glutamate in the VNC, irrespective of testing. In the VNC it was associated with higher levels of agmatine and putrescine, irrespective of testing. In the CE, aging was associated with higher levels of putrescine in animals without testing and with higher levels of spermine in animals with testing, and spermidine, irrespective of testing. Multivariate analyses indicated significant predictive relationships between the different variables, and there were correlations between some of the neurochemical variables and behavioral measurements. Cluster analyses revealed that aging altered the relationships between l-arginine and its metabolites. The results of this study demonstrate that there are major changes occurring in l-arginine metabolism in the VNC and CE as a result of age, as well as behavioral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Liu
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; The Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand.
| | - N Gupta
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Y Jing
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - N D Collie
- Dept. of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - H Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - P F Smith
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; The Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence, New Zealand; The Eisdell Moore Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Zhou W, Wang J, Pan L, Qi R, Liu P, Liu J, Cai Y. Sex and Age Differences in Motion Sickness in Rats: The Correlation with Blood Hormone Responses and Neuronal Activation in the Vestibular and Autonomic Nuclei. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:29. [PMID: 28261089 PMCID: PMC5309225 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated sex and age differences in motion sickness, but the underlying physiological basis is still in controversy. In the present study, we tried to investigate the potential correlates of endocrine and/or neuronal activity with sex and age differences in rats with motion sickness. LiCl-induced nausea symptom was evaluated by conditioned gaping. Motion sickness was assessed by measurement of autonomic responses (i.e., conditioned gaping and defecation responses), motor impairments (i.e., hypoactivity and balance disturbance) after Ferris wheel-like rotation, and blood hormone levels and central Fos protein expression was also observed. We found that rotation-induced conditioned gaping, defecation responses and motor disorders were significantly attenuated in middle-aged animals (13- and 14-month-age) compared with adolescents (1- and 2-month-age) and young-adults (4- and/or 5-month-age). LiCl-induced conditioned gapings were also decreased with age, but was less pronounced than rotation-induced ones. Females showed greater responses in defecation and spontaneous locomotor activity during adolescents and/or young-adult period. Blood adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone significantly increased in 4-month-old males after rotation compared with static controls. No significant effect of rotation was observed in norepinephrine, epinephrine, β-endorphin and arginine-vasopressin levels. The middle-aged animals (13-month-age) also had higher number of rotation-induced Fos-labeled neurons in the spinal vestibular nucleus, the parabrachial nucleus (PBN), the central and medial nucleus of amygdala (CeA and MeA) compared with adolescents (1-month-age) and young-adults (4-month-age) and in the nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) compared with adolescents (1-month-age). Sex difference in rotation-induced Fos-labeling was observed in the PBN, the NTS, the locus ceruleus and the paraventricular hypothalamus nucleus at 4 and/or 13 months of age. These results suggested that the sex and age differences in motion sickness may not correlate with stress hormone responses and habituation. The age-dependent decline in motion sickness susceptibility might be mainly attributed to the neuronal activity changes in vestibulo-autonomic pathways contributing to homeostasis regulation during motion sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Junqin Wang
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Leilei Pan
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Ruirui Qi
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Jiluo Liu
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Yiling Cai
- Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai China
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Acid-sensing ion channels are expressed in the ventrolateral medulla and contribute to central chemoreception. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38777. [PMID: 27934921 PMCID: PMC5146928 DOI: 10.1038/srep38777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) remains uncertain. Here, we found that ASIC1a and ASIC2 are widely expressed in rat medulla, and the expression level is higher at neonatal stage as compared to adult stage. The two ASIC subunits co-localized in medualla neurons. Furthermore, pH reduction triggered typical ASIC-type currents in the medulla, including the VLM. These currents showed a pH50 value of 6.6 and were blocked by amiloride. Based on their sensitivity to psalmotoxin 1 (PcTx1) and zinc, homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a/2 channels were likely responsible for acid-mediated currents in the mouse medulla. ASIC currents triggered by pH 5 disappeared in the VLM neurons from ASIC1−/−, but not ASIC2−/− mice. Activation of ASICs in the medulla also triggered neuronal excitation. Moreover, microinjection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid at a pH of 6.5 into the VLM increased integrated phrenic nerve discharge, inspiratory time and respiratory drive in rats. Both amiloride and PcTx1 inhibited the acid-induced stimulating effect on respiration. Collectively, our data suggest that ASICs are highly expressed in the medulla including the VLM, and activation of ASICs in the VLM contributes to central chemoreception.
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Aitken P, Benoit A, Zheng Y, Philoxene B, Le Gall A, Denise P, Besnard S, Smith PF. Hippocampal and striatal M1-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are down-regulated following bilateral vestibular loss in rats. Hippocampus 2016; 26:1509-1514. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Aitken
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Alice Benoit
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CHU Caen; 14000 Caen France
| | - Yiwen Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence; New Zealand
| | - Bruno Philoxene
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CHU Caen; 14000 Caen France
| | - Anne Le Gall
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CHU Caen; 14000 Caen France
| | - Pierre Denise
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CHU Caen; 14000 Caen France
| | - Stephane Besnard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, CHU Caen; 14000 Caen France
| | - Paul F. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Brain Health Research Centre University of Otago; Dunedin New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence; New Zealand
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