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Mambo R, Phiri AM, Trevisan C, Zulu G, Mubanga CM, Mwelwa C, Phiri IK, Schmidt V, Magnussen P, Dorny P, Gabriël S, Winkler AS, Mwape KE. Gaps in treatment of epileptic seizures in a Zambian rural area. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:4529-4538. [PMID: 38538925 PMCID: PMC11306258 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological disorder, including parasitic infections of the brain such as neurocysticercosis (NCC). People with epileptic seizures (PWES) in low and middle-income countries often do not receive appropriate treatment, which besides epileptic seizures, may also lead to reduced quality of life and possibly death. The objective of this study was to describe gaps in treatment of epileptic seizures in a Zambian rural area. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Sinda district of Zambia between August and October 2018. PWES identified from clinic records and with the help of community healthcare workers were recruited. Two questionnaires, one to PWES and the other to local healthcare workers, were administered to describe the treatment gap. RESULTS A total of 146 PWES and 43 healthcare workers were interviewed. Of the 146 PWES, 131 had taken anti-seizure medication (ASM) at some point since their seizure onset, of which 49.6% were on current treatment. Only 18.3% were on continuous ASM, an overall treatment gap of 83.6%. Over 55% of healthcare workers did not know the relationship between epilepsy and NCC. The risk factors associated with lack of appropriate treatment were stock-outs of ASMs, lack of diagnostic equipment, poor patient follow-up, and PWES opting for traditional medicine. CONCLUSION The treatment gap is substantial in Sinda district. The causes are multifactorial, involving shortcomings at the level of healthcare facilities, communities, and individuals. Directed training of healthcare workers and significant improvements in the supply and dispensing of ASMs will be key in substantially reducing the gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mambo
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.
- Sinda District Health Office, Ministry of Health, Chipata, Zambia.
| | - Andrew M Phiri
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chiara Trevisan
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology, and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gideon Zulu
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
- Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Chishimba M Mubanga
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology, and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Chembensofu Mwelwa
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Isaac K Phiri
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Veronika Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Magnussen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology, and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Center for Global Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kabemba E Mwape
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O BOX 32379, Lusaka, Zambia
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Gonçalves-Pinho M, Martins B, Costa A, Ribeiro JP, Freitas A, Azevedo E, Fernandes L. Psychiatric Comorbidities in Neurologic Hospitalizations in Portugal: A Nationwide Retrospective Observational Study. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:455-466. [PMID: 38848702 DOI: 10.20344/amp.20969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychiatric comorbidities have a significant impact on patients' quality of life and often go undetected in neurologic practice. The aim of this study was to describe and characterize psychiatric comorbidities among patients hospitalized due to a neurologic disorder in mainland Portugal. METHODS A retrospective observational study was performed by analyzing hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of neurologic disorder defined as categories 76, 77, 79 - 85, 95, 109 of the Clinical Classification Software for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, occurring between 2008 and 2015 in adult patients (≥ 18 years of age). Psychiatric comorbidities were determined as the presence of a secondary diagnosis belonging to the Clinical Classification Software categories 650 to 670. RESULTS A total of 294 806 hospitalization episodes with a primary diagnosis of a neurologic disorder were recorded in adult patients between 2008 - 2015 in Portuguese public hospitals. Approximately 26.9% (n = 79 442) of the episodes had a recorded psychiatric comorbidity (22.1%; 32.2%, female versus male hospitalizations). Patients with registered psychiatric comorbidities were younger (66.2 ± 16.2 vs 68.6 ± 17.2 with no psychiatric comorbidities, p < 0.001), presented lower all-cause in-hospital mortality rates, and significantly longer mean hospital stays. 'Delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders' were recorded in 7.4% (n = 21 965) of the hospitalizations, followed by alcohol-related disorders in 6.5% (n = 19 302) and mood disorders in 6.1% (n = 18 079). Epilepsy/seizures were the neurologic disorders with the highest proportion of recorded psychiatric comorbidities (39.9%). CONCLUSION Psychiatric comorbidities were recorded in more than a quarter of the hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of a Neurologic disorder. Psychiatric comorbidities varied among neurological disorders and were associated with different demographic and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gonçalves-Pinho
- *Shared first co-authorship. CINTESIS@RISE. Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa. Penafiel. Portugal
| | - Bárbara Martins
- *Shared first co-authorship. Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Department of Neurology. Unidade Local de Saúde de São João. Porto. Portugal
| | - Andreia Costa
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Department of Neurology. Unidade Local de Saúde de São João. Porto. Portugal
| | - João Pedro Ribeiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health. Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa. Penafiel. Portugal
| | - Alberto Freitas
- CINTESIS@RISE, MEDCIDS. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Elsa Azevedo
- Department of Neurology. Unidade Local de Saúde de São João. Porto; UnIC@RISE. Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal
| | - Lia Fernandes
- CINTESIS@RISE. Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto; Psychiatry Service. Unidade Local de Saúde de São João. Porto. Portugal
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Liu W, Li H, Lin S. Research hotspots and frontiers of alcohol and epilepsy: A bibliometric analysis. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:342-355. [PMID: 38426404 PMCID: PMC11144618 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol is implicated in epileptogenesis and seizures attack. An increasing number of studies about alcohol and epilepsy have been published. We aimed to assess research trends and hot spots in the field of alcohol and epilepsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Literature concerning alcohol and epilepsy was systemically searched through the Web of Science database. Collaborative maps were quantitatively analyzed by using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace tools. RESULTS A total of 1578 papers about the field of alcohol and epilepsy were taken into analysis, which was written by 6840 authors from 2153 institutions in 85 countries, published in 676 journals, and cited 79 667 references from 10 750 journals. The United States was the leading country and had close ties with others. The University of Toronto was the most productive institution. Alcoholism-clinical and experimental research was the fastest-growing journal. Richard J. Bodnar was the author contributing the most literature. Analysis of keywords showed epilepsy, alcohol, seizures, alcohol withdrawal, and management were common themes. CONCLUSION The presented study conducted the first bibliometric analysis of the field of alcohol and epilepsy, which will provide insights into the latest progress, evolution paths, frontier research hot spots, and future research trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Simei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of ChinaThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Fayad C, Saad K, Kahwagi GJ, Hallit S, Griffin D, Abou-Khalil R, El-Hayek E. A systematic review and meta-analysis of factors related to first line drugs refractoriness in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300930. [PMID: 38593118 PMCID: PMC11003615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is a prevalent form of epileptic disorder, specifically categorized within the realm of Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE). Its hallmark features encompass unprovoked bilateral myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures that manifest during adolescence. While most JME patients respond favorably to anti-seizure medication (ASM), a subset experiences refractory JME, a condition where seizures persist despite rigorous ASM treatment, often termed "Drug-Resistant Epilepsy" (DRE). This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of refractory JME, and further to identify socio-demographic, electrophysiological and clinical risk factors associated with its occurrence. Pinpointing these factors is crucial as it offers the potential to predict ASM responsiveness, enabling early interventions and tailored care strategies for patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Cochrane Handbook and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The study evaluated outcomes post ASM treatment in JME cohorts by searching papers published up to September 2023 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Predefined inclusion criteria were met by 25 eligible studies, forming the basis for analysis. RESULTS A total of 22 potential risk factors for refractory JME were documented. Notably, robust risk factors for treatment resistance included Psychiatric Disorder (Odds Ratio (OR), 3.42 [2.54, 4.61] (95% Confidence Inverval (Cl)), Febrile Seizures (OR, 1.83 [1.14, 2.96] (95% Cl)), Alcohol Consumption (OR, 16.86 [1.94, 146.88] (95%Cl)), Aura (OR, 2.15 [1.04, 4.47] (95%Cl)), childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) evolving into JME (OR, 4.54 [1.61, 12.78] (95%CI)), occurrence of three seizure types (OR, 2.96 [1.96, 4.46] (95%CI)), and Focal EEG abnormalities (OR, 1.85 [1.13, 3.01] (95%Cl)). In addition, there were some non-significant risk factors for DRE because of noticeable heterogeneity. CONCLUSION In aggregate, over 36% of JME patients demonstrated drug resistance, with seven significant risk factors closely linked to this refractoriness. The interplay between these factors and whether they denote treatment non-response or heightened disease burden remains an open question and more studies would be required to fully examine their influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Fayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik-Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Kely Saad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik-Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Georges-Junior Kahwagi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik-Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Darren Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Rony Abou-Khalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik-Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Elissar El-Hayek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik-Jounieh, Lebanon
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Silva-Cardoso GK, N'Gouemo P. Influence of Inherited Seizure Susceptibility on Intermittent Voluntary Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures in Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats (GEPR-3s). Brain Sci 2024; 14:188. [PMID: 38391762 PMCID: PMC10886844 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between epilepsy and alcohol consumption is complex, with conflicting reports. To enhance our understanding of this link, we conducted a study to determine how inherited seizure susceptibility affects voluntary alcohol consumption and influences alcohol withdrawal seizures in male and female genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-3s) compared to Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS In the first experiment, animals were given access to two bottles simultaneously, one containing water and the other 7.5%, 15%, or 30% (v/v) alcohol three times a week for each dose after acclimation to drinking water. In a second experiment, animals were tested for acoustically evoked alcohol seizures 24 h after the last session of voluntary alcohol consumption. RESULTS Analysis revealed that GEPR-3s (males and females) had lower alcohol intake and preference than SD rats, particularly at lower alcohol concentrations. However, female GEPR-3s consumed more alcohol and had a higher alcohol preference than males. Furthermore, withdrawal from voluntary alcohol consumption facilitated the onset and duration of seizures in GEPR-3s. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that genetic seizure susceptibility in GEPR-3s is negatively associated with alcohol consumption. However, withdrawal from low to moderate amounts of alcohol intake can promote epileptogenesis in the epileptic GEPR-3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Prosper N'Gouemo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Emmert BE, Xie K, Conrad EC, Ghosn NJ, Bauman K, Korzun J, Kulick-Soper CV, Naveed O, Hartmann N, LaRocque JJ, Mindy Ganguly T, Gugger JJ, Raghupathi R, Gelfand MA, Davis KA, Sinha SR, Litt B, Shinohara RT, Ellis CA. Alcohol for seizure induction in the epilepsy monitoring unit. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 150:109572. [PMID: 38070406 PMCID: PMC10842723 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Seizure induction techniques are used in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU) to increase diagnostic yield and reduce length of stay. There are insufficient data on the efficacy of alcohol as an induction technique. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study using six years of EMU data at our institution. We compared cases who received alcohol for seizure induction to matched controls who did not. The groups were matched on the following variables: age, reason for admission, length of stay, number of antiseizure medications (ASM) at admission, whether ASMs were tapered during admission, and presence of interictal epileptiform discharges. We used both propensity score and exact matching strategies. We compared the likelihood of epileptic seizures and nonepileptic events in cases versus controls using Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analysis, as well as odds ratios for these outcomes occurring at any time during the admission. RESULTS We analyzed 256 cases who received alcohol (median dose 2.5 standard drinks) and 256 propensity score-matched controls. Cases who received alcohol were no more likely than controls to have an epileptic seizure (X2(1) = 0.01, p = 0.93) or nonepileptic event (X2(1) = 2.1, p = 0.14) in the first 48 h after alcohol administration. For the admission overall, cases were no more likely to have an epileptic seizure (OR 0.89, 95 % CI 0.61-1.28, p = 0.58), nonepileptic event (OR 0.97, CI 0.62-1.53, p = 1.00), nor require rescue benzodiazepine (OR 0.63, CI 0.35-1.12, p = 0.15). Stratified analyses revealed no increased risk of epileptic seizure in any subgroups. Sensitivity analysis using exact matching showed that results were robust to matching strategy. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol was not an effective induction technique in the EMU. This finding has implications for counseling patients with epilepsy about the risks of drinking alcohol in moderation in their daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Emmert
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA.
| | - Kevin Xie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin C Conrad
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nina J Ghosn
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristie Bauman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Jacob Korzun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Catherine V Kulick-Soper
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Omer Naveed
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Nicole Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Joshua J LaRocque
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Taneeta Mindy Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - James J Gugger
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA; Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ramya Raghupathi
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Michael A Gelfand
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Davis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA; Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saurabh R Sinha
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Brian Litt
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Neuroengineering & Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Russell T Shinohara
- Penn Statistics in Imaging and Visualization Center (PennSIVE), Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA; Center for Biomedical Image Computing and Analytics, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA
| | - Colin A Ellis
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA, USA
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Samsonsen C, Mestvedthagen G, Uglem M, Brodtkorb E. Disentangling the cascade of seizure precipitants: A prospective observational study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109339. [PMID: 37413785 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of epilepsy includes appropriate antiseizure medication (ASM) treatment and careful avoidance of seizure precipitating factors. Seizure precipitants may be multiple occurring with low intensity adding to each other, thus leaving essential elements unrecognized. The aim of this study was to reveal the patients' subjective perceptions of the most important factors and to compare them with standardized measurements. METHODS The study included 152 acute hospital admissions for seizures. The patients were asked to score the impact of various seizure precipitants as perceived by themselves on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The following items related to seizure occurrence were quantified: sleep deprivation by sleep diaries, ASM adherence by therapeutic drug monitoring, the Alcohol Use Identification Test, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression, were performed to discover relationships between various parameters. RESULTS The interaction of the various factors was high. The association between lack of sleep and hazardous drinking and anxiety was highly significant. Perceived stress correlated well with anxiety and depression. Relatively low VAS scores for missed medication in patients with identified non-adherence suggest that insufficient patient awareness is common. Low VAS-scores for alcohol in patients with harmful drinking also suggest low acknowledgment of alcohol-related seizures. High alcohol scores were associated with sleep deprivation, anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION The circumstances leading to an epileptic seizure are complex. Stress, sleep loss, alcohol intake, and missed medication are among the most commonly reported seizure precipitants. They are often combined, and various facets of the same underlying cause may be at play. Their sequence and relative impact are often difficult to establish. Improved understanding of the cascade of events preceding a seizure can improve comprehensive personalized management of uncontrolled epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Samsonsen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St.Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Guro Mestvedthagen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Martin Uglem
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St.Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eylert Brodtkorb
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St.Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
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Tartibzadeh G, Feizollahzadeh H, Shabanloei R, Mwamba B. Epilepsy risk awareness and background factors in patients with epilepsy and family caregivers. Epilepsy Res 2023; 193:107146. [PMID: 37121025 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with epilepsy are at risk of various injuries throughout their lives. Awareness of patients and family caregivers about risk factors and self-care prevents potential injuries. This study aimed to investigate epilepsy risk awareness and background factors in patients with epilepsy and family caregivers. METHODS This descriptive study was conducted with the recruitment of 120 patients with epilepsy and 120 family caregivers who were referred to the Neurological Clinic of Tabriz Razi Hospital in Iran. Data was collected using Persian version of the epilepsy risk awareness questionnaires for patients (3rd Edition) and family caregivers. RESULTS The average age of the patients (65.8% women) was 29.2 and of the family caregivers (58.3% women) 41.5 years. The average score of risk awareness in family caregivers was 82.6 ± 8.8 and higher than that in patients with epilepsy 84.9 ± 8.5 (obtainable score: 0-120). Compared to the maximum score, the average scores of both groups in all domains including epilepsy, personal security, physical health, and mental health were low. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the mean scores of risk awareness and some background variables. CONCLUSION The results showed that epilepsy risk awareness in patients and family caregivers is low and there is a need for education and support. By developing education programs for the patient and their family and increasing epilepsy risk awareness, patients can be protected from potential risks and their safety and quality of life can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golzar Tartibzadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Feizollahzadeh
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Shabanloei
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bupe Mwamba
- Midwifery and Neonatal Nursing Science, RM, RM, Lecturer, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide. Australia
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Roghani A, Bouldin E, Mobasher H, Kalvesmaki A, Panahi S, Henion A, VanCott A, Raquel Lopez M, Jo Pugh M. COVID-19 pandemic experiences among people with epilepsy: Effect on symptoms of co-occurring health conditions and fear of seizure. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 144:109206. [PMID: 37236022 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly affected people worldwide, but little is known about how it impacted people with epilepsy (PWE). We examined the associations between COVID-19 stressors and health outcomes including increases in other health symptoms and fear of seizure among PWE. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from an online survey that asked about demographic characteristics, health conditions, and potential life stressors during COVID-19. Data were collected from October 30 to December 8, 2020. COVID-19 stressors were anger, anxiety, stress, healthcare access, fear of seeking healthcare, social isolation, sense of control over their lives, and alcohol consumption. A binary variable was created for each of these measures to indicate whether PWEs experienced a negative change versus a neutral or positive change. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the associations of COVID-19 stressors with primary outcomes: exacerbated co-occurring health conditions and increasing fear of seizure during the pandemic. RESULTS Of the 260 PWE included in the study, 165 (63.5%) were women; the average age was 38.7 years. During the survey administration period, 79 (30.3%) of the respondents reported exacerbated co-occurring health conditions, and 94 (36.2%) reported an increased fear of seizures. Regression results indicated that the fear of seeking healthcare during COVID-19 was associated with both exacerbated co-occurring health conditions (aOR 1.12; 95%CI 1.01-1.26) and increasing fear of seizure (aOR 2.31; 95%CI 1.14-4.68). Social isolation was associated with exacerbated co-occurring health conditions during COVID-19 (aOR 1.14; 95%CI 1.01-1.29). Reduced access to physical healthcare was associated with increasing fear of seizure (aOR 2.58; 95%CI 1.15-5.78). CONCLUSION A considerable number of PWE experienced more symptoms of existing health conditions and fear of seizure during the initial year of the pandemic (2020). Fear of seeking healthcare services was associated with both negative outcomes. Assuring access to health care and reducing social isolation could potentially reduce negative outcomes for PWE. It is necessary to provide adequate support for PWE to reduce risks as COVID-19 continues to be a health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Roghani
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin Bouldin
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Helal Mobasher
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrea Kalvesmaki
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Samin Panahi
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amy Henion
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anne VanCott
- VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria Raquel Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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10
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Angus-Leppan H. Migraine in people with epilepsy: a treatable and neglected co-morbidity. ADVANCES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE & REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.47795/ishy1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine and epilepsy account for more than 40% of neurology outpatients and are leading causes of disability. They often co-exist and can be confused, because of shared clinical features. The borderlands and links between migraine and epilepsy have fascinated neurologists for centuries, and unresolved questions remain. Greater understanding of the relationship between migraine and epilepsy may give insight into shared mechanisms. It is already clear that treating co-existing migraine is an important therapeutic opportunity and may improve epilepsy.
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Suraev A, Benson MJ, Martin L, Lintzeris N, McGregor IS. Determination of contaminants in artisanal cannabis products used for childhood epilepsy in the Australian community: A sub-analysis of the 'PELICAN' study. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 127:108496. [PMID: 34954507 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent approval of pharmaceutical-grade cannabis products for the treatment of childhood epilepsy, some families continue to use artisanal cannabis products as a way to manage seizures in their children. However, such products are typically of unknown composition and quality, and may therefore pose an unpredictable health risk to the child. In the present analysis, 78 samples of cannabis products collected (as part of a previous study) from families of children with epilepsy (average age 8.8 ± 4.6 years) were analyzed for heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury), residual solvents (panel of 19 solvents) and pesticides (panel of 57 pesticides). Due to small sample volumes obtained, only a subset of samples was used in each analysis. Results showed that no cannabis sample exceeded the toxicity limits for heavy metals (n = 51 samples tested). Of the 58 cannabis samples tested for residual solvents, 17 (29%) contained concentrations of ethanol or isopropanol above the generally accepted limit of 5000 parts per million. With the volumes consumed, it was thought unlikely that children were consuming hazardous amounts of residual solvents, although this could not be ruled out in every case. Most samples (n = 31 samples tested) yielded inconclusive results for the pesticides, although one sample contained concentrations of bifenthrin that were 4.9 times higher than the acceptable limit. Overall, these results highlight the need for improved access to quality-assured cannabis products and the education of doctors, patients, and artisanal manufacturers around the contaminant exposure risk in unregulated cannabis products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Suraev
- The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Melissa J Benson
- The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Lewis Martin
- The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Nicholas Lintzeris
- Drug and Alcohol Services, South East Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia; Division Addiction Medicine, Faculty Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia; NSW DACRIN (Drug and Alcohol Clinical Research and Improvement Network), Sydney, Australia.
| | - Iain S McGregor
- The University of Sydney, Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, Australia.
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12
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Genetic generalized epilepsies in adults - challenging assumptions and dogmas. Nat Rev Neurol 2022; 18:71-83. [PMID: 34837042 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) syndromes start during childhood or adolescence, and four commonly persist into adulthood, making up 15-20% of all cases of epilepsy in adults. These four GGE syndromes are childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone. However, in ~20% of patients with GGE, characteristics of more than one syndrome are present. Novel insights into the genetic aetiology, comorbidities and prognosis of the GGE syndromes have emerged and challenge traditional concepts about these conditions. Evidence has shown that the mode of inheritance in GGE is mostly polygenic. Neuropsychological and imaging studies indicate similar abnormalities in unaffected relatives of patients with GGE, supporting the concept that underlying alterations in bilateral frontothalamocortical networks are genetically determined. Contrary to popular belief, first-line anti-seizure medication often fails to provide seizure freedom in combination with good tolerability. Nevertheless, long-term follow-up studies have shown that with advancing age, many patients can discontinue their anti-seizure medication without seizure relapses. Several outcome predictors have been identified, but prognosis across the syndromes is more homogeneous than previously assumed. Overall, overlap in pathophysiology, seizure types, treatment responses and outcomes support the idea that GGEs are not separate nosological entities but represent a neurobiological continuum.
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13
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Zhang Q, Li W, Li E, Yang X, Hao N, Yan B, Zhou D, Hao X. Disease awareness and dietary habits of patients with epilepsy in western China: a cross-sectional study. ACTA EPILEPTOLOGICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s42494-021-00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The optimal management of epilepsy includes engaging patients through education on knowledge of the disease, its treatment and diet control.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional survey-based cohort study, aimed to investigate the awareness of epilepsy in Chinese patients and to understand their dietary habits. Participants were consecutively enrolled from epileptic patients treated in a single epilepsy center from October 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020. A self-reported questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.758) consisting of 3 parts was sent to 407 patients with epilepsy. The questionnaire included items on demographic information, epilepsy features, awareness of epilepsy treatment and dietary habits.
Results
About half of the patients (53.8%, 219/407) thought epilepsy was curable and only 80% knew that the first choice of treatment is medication. While 58.6% of the patients with low educational level preferred the use of antiepileptic drugs (p = 0.014), 52.7% believed that the medication should not be stopped immediately after seizure control (p = 0.026), especially after surgery (40.5%, p = 0.011). Patients with lower household monthly incomes had less awareness of the use of antiepileptic drugs than patients with higher incomes: only 39.2 and 49.8% of patients with lower incomes thought that the drugs could be stopped after epilepsy surgery or seizure control, respectively, compared to 51.6 and 66.1% with higher incomes. Alcohol (86.2%), caffeine (56.8%) and strong tea (49.1%) were top three foods considered by the patients to be avoided to prevent seizures. Approximately 30.2% of patients identified at least one food that made them susceptible to seizures.
Conclusions
Patient education on epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs and diet for management of seizures should be provided especially to patients with less education, lower income or inaccurate beliefs of epilepsy in Western China.
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Guo Y, Du P, Guo L, Lin X, He B, Yu L. Alcohol use among patients with epilepsy in western China. A hospital-based study. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 124:108302. [PMID: 34509040 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AMIS: Alcohol consumption has multiple negative consequences for people with epilepsy, including precipitation of seizure or status epilepticus, worsening of seizure control, increased adverse effects of anti-seizure medications, increased sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, and premature mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate alcohol use and explore the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with alcohol use among patients with epilepsy in western China. METHODS A face-to-face questionnaire on alcohol use was conducted at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital from December 2020 to June 2021. All adult patients who came to our epilepsy center (inpatient and outpatient) were invited to participate in this study. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the possible risk factors associated with alcohol use within the last 12 months. RESULTS A total of 425 patients completed this study, 24.2% of patients with epilepsy had used alcohol within the last 12 months, being male and having a history of alcohol use were independently associated factors. Among patients who had used alcohol within the last 12 months, 52.4% complained of worsening of seizure control, heavy alcohol use, and frequent alcohol use were independently associated with worsening of seizure control after alcohol use in patients with epilepsy. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the rate of alcohol use among patients with epilepsy was high. Male patients with a history of alcohol use were more prone to alcohol use after a diagnosis of epilepsy. Heavy alcohol use and frequent alcohol use were independently associated with worsening of seizure control after alcohol use in patients with epilepsy. Patient education on the destructive effects of alcohol use is needed for patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishan Du
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu 363 Hospital, Daosangshu Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming He
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, People's Republic of China.
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Nigussie K, Lemma A, Sertsu A, Asfaw H, Kerebih H, Abdeta T. Depression, anxiety and associated factors among people with epilepsy and attending outpatient treatment at primary public hospitals in northwest Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256236. [PMID: 34388228 PMCID: PMC8363019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the magnitude and factors associated with depression and anxiety among people with epilepsy and attending out-patient treatment at central Gondar zone primary public hospitals, northwest, Ethiopia. Method An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from May—June, 2020 at central Gondar zone primary public hospitals. A total of 589 participants were chosen by systematic sampling technique. Data was collected by utilizing Amharic version interviewer-administered structured and semi-structured questioners. Depression and anxiety were assessed by using hospital anxiety and depression scale. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to recognize variables related to both depression and anxiety. Association was described by using “adjusted odds ratio” (AOR) along with 95% full Confidence interval (CI). Finally, P-values < 0.05 in adjusted analysis were taken as a cut off for significant association. Result Out of 556 participants included in the study, 30.9%, 33.1% had depression and anxiety respectively. Being divorced/widowed (AOR = 2.43, 95% CI, 1.18–4.99), using two and above number of antiepileptic medications (AOR = 1.77,95% CI,1.02–3.09), very frequent seizure frequency (AOR = 2.68, 95% CI,1.30–5.51), current substance use (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI, 1.03–3.22), perceived stigma (AOR = 5.67,95% CI,3.14–8.18), and hazardous alcohol use (AOR = 2.84, 95% CI,1.32–6.09) were statistically associated with depression. While, being a single (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.04–2.63), using two and above number of antiepileptic medications (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI, 1.42–3.62), duration of illness ≥16 years (AOR = 2.82, 95% CI, 1.26–6.31), and perceived stigma (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI, 1.63–3.82) were statistically associated with anxiety at a p-value < 0.05. Conclusion This study showed that the magnitude of depression and anxiety were relatively high among people with epilepsy. Using two and above number of antiepileptic medications and perceived stigma were statistically associated with both depression and anxiety. Screening, early identification and providing appropriate intervention of depression and anxiety among people with epilepsy should be great concern for the health care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabtamu Nigussie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alemu Lemma
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medial and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Sertsu
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Henock Asfaw
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Kerebih
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medial and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Abdeta
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Szałwińska K, Cyuńczyk M, Kochanowicz J, Witkowska AM. Dietary and lifestyle behavior in adults with epilepsy needs improvement: a case-control study from northeastern Poland. Nutr J 2021; 20:62. [PMID: 34187474 PMCID: PMC8243538 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors predispose individuals with epilepsy to chronic diseases. Among them, nutrition and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate patients with epilepsy in terms of diet, body composition and physical activity compared to healthy sex- and age-matched subjects to investigate whether there are risk factors for nutritional deficiencies and risk factors for the development of metabolic diseases. METHODS The case-control study involved 60 epileptic male and female volunteers and 70 healthy controls matched according to age and sex. Medical information was collected during the study, and a detailed questionnaire regarding eating and lifestyle habits was conducted. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Nutritional status was assessed by bioelectric impedance. Venous blood samples were taken for lipid and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) analyses. RESULTS A tendency toward an increase in LDL cholesterol was found in the individuals with epilepsy. Significantly higher body fat and insignificantly higher visceral fat were found in epileptic men than in healthy men. In epileptic women, a tendency toward a lower lean body mass was found. Patients with epilepsy were more sedentary, consumed less cottage cheese, fruit, pulses, nuts and seeds, vitamin C and potassium, and consumed more sugar-sweetened soda, fat and sodium than healthy people. On a positive note, individuals with epilepsy consumed less coffee and alcoholic beverages. More than 80% of the epileptic volunteers had diets that were low in folic acid, vitamin D and calcium, but a similar tendency was observed in the healthy volunteers. A higher percentage of the patients with epilepsy had diets that were low in niacin, vitamin C and potassium than the control group (25% vs. 7, 50% vs. 31% and 73 vs. 56%, respectively). A significantly lower serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 was observed in epileptic individuals and was found to be positively modulated by physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that several behavior-related habits, which may predispose epileptic people to cardiovascular disease, need to be improved. For this reason, patients with epilepsy should be provided with more comprehensive medical care, including advice on nutrition and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Szałwińska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Monika Cyuńczyk
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna M Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
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Rahim F, Azizimalamiri R, Sayyah M, Malayeri A. Experimental Therapeutic Strategies in Epilepsies Using Anti-Seizure Medications. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:265-290. [PMID: 33732031 PMCID: PMC7959000 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsies are among the most common neurological problems. The disease burden in patients with epilepsy is significantly high, and epilepsy has a huge negative impact on patients' quality of life with epilepsy and their families. Anti-seizure medications are the mainstay treatment in patients with epilepsy, and around 70% of patients will ultimately control with a combination of at least two appropriately selected anti-seizure medications. However, in one-third of patients, seizures are resistant to drugs, and other measures will be needed. The primary goal in using experimental therapeutic medication strategies in patients with epilepsy is to prevent recurrent seizures and reduce the rate of traumatic events that may occur during seizures. So far, various treatments using medications have been offered for patients with epilepsies, which have been classified according to the type of epilepsy, the effectiveness of the medications, and the adverse effects. Medications such as Levetiracetam, valproic acid, and lamotrigine are at the forefront of these patients' treatment. Epilepsy surgery, neuro-stimulation, and the ketogenic diet are the main measures in patients with medication-resistant epilepsies. In this paper, we will review the therapeutic approach using anti-seizure medications in patients with epilepsy. However, it should be noted that some of these patients still do not respond to existing treatments; therefore, the limited ability of current therapies has fueled research efforts for the development of novel treatment strategies. Thus, it seems that in addition to surgical measures, we should look for more specific agents that have less adverse events and have a greater effect in stopping seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakher Rahim
- Molecular Medicine and Bioinformatics, Research Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Azizimalamiri
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Golestan Medical, Educational, and Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sayyah
- Education Development Center (EDC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Malayeri
- Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Abstract
AbstractEpilepsy is a common disease with frequent occurrences. Many precipitating factors contribute to epileptic seizures, such as hyperventilation and alcohol consumption. An increasing number of studies have also found that electromagnetic activity in the environment can also affect epileptic seizures. However, many neuromodulatory devices that produce electromagnetic fields have been applied in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. In this paper, we performed literature search in the PubMed, Medline and EMBASE databases and reviewed retrospective, prospective, or cross-sectional studies and case reports on the effects of electromagnetic activity on epilepsy. The application of electromagnetic activity in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy is also reviewed.
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Rosenow F, Strzelczyk A. Individualized epilepsy management: Medicines, surgery, and beyond. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 91:1-3. [PMID: 30482732 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rosenow
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Adam Strzelczyk
- Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Department of Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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