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Boulton M, Al-Rubaie A. Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration following traumatic brain injuries. Anat Sci Int 2024:10.1007/s12565-024-00778-2. [PMID: 38739360 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-024-00778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) commonly occur following head trauma. TBI may result in short- and long-term complications which may lead to neurodegenerative consequences, including cognitive impairment post-TBI. When investigating the neurodegeneration following TBI, studies have highlighted the role reactive astrocytes have in the neuroinflammation and degeneration process. This review showcases a variety of markers that show reactive astrocyte presence under pathological conditions, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Crystallin Alpha-B (CRYA-B), Complement Component 3 (C3) and S100A10. Astrocyte activation may lead to white-matter inflammation, expressed as white-matter hyperintensities. Other white-matter changes in the brain following TBI include increased cortical thickness in the white matter. This review addresses the gaps in the literature regarding post-mortem human studies focussing on reactive astrocytes, alongside the potential uses of these proteins as markers in the future studies that investigate the proportions of astrocytes in the post-TBI brain has been discussed. This research may benefit future studies that focus on the role reactive astrocytes play in the post-TBI brain and may assist clinicians in managing patients who have suffered TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Boulton
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Ali Al-Rubaie
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
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Iaccarino C, Carretta A, Demetriades AK, Di Minno G, Giussani C, Marcucci R, Marklund N, Mastrojanni G, Pompucci A, Stefini R, Zona G, Cividini A, Petrella G, Coluccio V, Marietta M. Management of Antithrombotic Drugs in Patients with Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury: An Intersociety Consensus Document. Neurocrit Care 2024; 40:314-327. [PMID: 37029314 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-023-01715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All available recommendations about the management of antithrombotic therapies (ATs) in patients who experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI) are mainly based on expert opinion because of the lack of strength in the available evidence-based medicine. Currently, the withdrawal and the resumption of AT in these patients is empirical, widely variable, and based on the individual assessment of the attending physician. The main difficulty is to balance the thrombotic and hemorrhagic risks to improve patient outcome. METHODS Under the endorsement of the Neurotraumatology Section of Italian Society of Neurosurgery, the Italian Society for the Study about Haemostasis and Thrombosis, the Italian Society of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care, and the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, a working group (WG) of clinicians completed two rounds of questionnaires, using the Delphi method, in a multidisciplinary setting. A table for thrombotic and bleeding risk, with a dichotomization in high risk and low risk, was established before questionnaire administration. In this table, the risk is calculated by matching different isolated TBI (iTBI) scenarios such as acute and chronic subdural hematomas, extradural hematoma, brain contusion (intracerebral hemorrhage), and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage with patients under active AT treatment. The registered indication could include AT primary prevention, cardiac valve prosthesis, vascular stents, venous thromboembolism, and atrial fibrillation. RESULTS The WG proposed a total of 28 statements encompassing the most common clinical scenarios about the withdrawal of antiplatelets, vitamin K antagonists, and direct oral anticoagulants in patients who experienced blunt iTBI. The WG voted on the grade of appropriateness of seven recommended interventions. Overall, the panel reached an agreement for 20 of 28 (71%) questions, deeming 11 of 28 (39%) as appropriate and 9 of 28 (32%) as inappropriate interventions. The appropriateness of intervention was rated as uncertain for 8 of 28 (28%) questions. CONCLUSIONS The initial establishment of a thrombotic and/or bleeding risk scoring system can provide a vital theoretical basis for the evaluation of effective management in individuals under AT who sustained an iTBI. The listed recommendations can be implemented into local protocols for a more homogeneous strategy. Validation using large cohorts of patients needs to be developed. This is the first part of a project to update the management of AT in patients with iTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Iaccarino
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, School of Neurosurgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Neurosurgery Division, "Nocsae" Hospital of Baggiovara, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
- Emergency Neurosurgery Unit, AUSL RE IRCCS, "ASMN" Hospital of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Carretta
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanni Di Minno
- Regional Reference Center for Coagulation Disorders, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Giussani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Marcucci
- Center for Atherothrombotic Disease, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Neuroscience, Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Angelo Pompucci
- Neurosurgery Division, ASL Latina Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
| | - Roberto Stefini
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, Head, Neck and Neurosurgery, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zona
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences (DINOGMI), IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cividini
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Neurosciences, Head, Neck and Neurosurgery, Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Legnano, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Petrella
- Neurosurgery Division, ASL Latina Ospedale Santa Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
| | - Valeria Coluccio
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Marietta
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hemostasis and Thrombosis Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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Kamabu LK, Bbosa GS, Lekuya HM, Cho EJ, Kyaruzi VM, Nyalundja AD, Deng D, Sekabunga JN, Kataka LM, Obiga DOD, Kiryabwire J, Kaddumukasa MN, Kaddumukasa M, Fuller AT, Galukande M. Burden, risk factors, neurosurgical evacuation outcomes, and predictors of mortality among traumatic brain injury patients with expansive intracranial hematomas in Uganda: a mixed methods study design. BMC Surg 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37880635 PMCID: PMC10601114 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-023-02227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expansive intracranial hematomas (EIH) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) continue to be a public health problem in Uganda. Data is limited regarding the neurosurgical outcomes of TBI patients. This study investigated the neurosurgical outcomes and associated risk factors of EIH among TBI patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH). METHODS A total of 324 subjects were enrolled using a prospective cohort study. Socio-demographic, risk factors and complications were collected using a study questionnaire. Study participants were followed up for 180 days. Univariate, multivariable, Cox regression analyses, Kaplan Meir survival curves, and log rank tests were sequentially conducted. P-values of < 0.05 at 95% Confidence interval (CI) were considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS Of the 324 patients with intracranial hematomas, 80.6% were male. The mean age of the study participants was 37.5 ± 17.4 years. Prevalence of EIH was 59.3% (0.59 (95% CI: 0.54 to 0.65)). Participants who were aged 39 years and above; PR = 1.54 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.97; P = 0.001), and those who smoke PR = 1.21 (95% CI: 1.00 to 1.47; P = 0.048), and presence of swirl sign PR = 2.26 (95% CI: 1.29 to 3.95; P = 0.004) were found to be at higher risk for EIH. Kaplan Meier survival curve indicated that mortality at the 16-month follow-up was 53.4% (95% CI: 28.1 to 85.0). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that the predictors of mortality were old age, MAP above 95 mmHg, low GCS, complications such as infection, spasticity, wound dehiscence, CSF leaks, having GOS < 3, QoLIBRI < 50, SDH, contusion, and EIH. CONCLUSION EIH is common in Uganda following RTA with an occurrence of 59.3% and a 16-month higher mortality rate. An increased age above 39 years, smoking, having severe systemic disease, and the presence of swirl sign are independent risk factors. Old age, MAP above 95 mmHg, low GCS, complications such as infection, spasticity, wound dehiscence, CSF leaks, having a GOS < 3, QoLIBRI < 50, ASDH, and contusion are predictors of mortality. These findings imply that all patients with intracranial hematomas (IH) need to be monitored closely and a repeat CT scan to be done within a specific period following their initial CT scan. We recommend the development of a protocol for specific surgical and medical interventions that can be implemented for patients at moderate and severe risk for EIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larrey Kasereka Kamabu
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Department of Surgery, Makerere University College of Health Medicine, Mulago Upper Hill, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Godfrey S Bbosa
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hervé Monka Lekuya
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Directorate of Surgical Services, Neurosurgical Unit, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Human Structure & Repair/ Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Victor Meza Kyaruzi
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Arsene Daniel Nyalundja
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Daniel Deng
- Duke Global Neurosurgery, Neurology and Health System, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Juliet Nalwanga Sekabunga
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Directorate of Surgical Services, Neurosurgical Unit, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Louange Maha Kataka
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique du Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Doomwin Oscar Deogratius Obiga
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Directorate of Surgical Services, Neurosurgical Unit, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joel Kiryabwire
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Directorate of Surgical Services, Neurosurgical Unit, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martin N Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anthony T Fuller
- Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Neurosurgery, Neurology and Health System, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Moses Galukande
- Department of Surgery, Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Fokin AA, Wycech Knight J, Davis B, Stalder R, Mendes MAP, Darya M, Puente I. The timing and value of early postoperative computed tomography after head surgery in traumatic brain injury patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 226:107606. [PMID: 36706679 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the timing of the early postoperative computed tomography (CT) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, and compare CT and neurological examination (NE) findings. METHODS Retrospective analysis included 353 TBI patients admitted to two level 1 trauma centers (2016-2020) who underwent head surgery and postoperative CT within 24 h. Analyzed variables: age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), Abbreviated Injury Scale head (AISh), comorbidities, CT and NE findings and timing, head surgery type, and mortality. RESULTS Patients mean age was 61.9 years, ISS 25.1, GCS 11.0, AISh 4.7. Postoperatively, mean time to first positive CT was 6.1 h and to first positive NE was 13.2 h. Positive CT alone was more accurate in identifying need for 2nd head surgery than positive NE alone (21.8 % vs 6.0 %, p = 0.04). There was no difference between patients with CT done earlier than 6 h compared to patients with CT done after 6 h in mortality (26.1 % vs 22.0 %, p = 0.4) or 2nd surgery rate (12.2 % vs 12.2 %, p = 1.0). Reversal of postoperative CT findings occurred in 1/6 of patients and was more common when CT was done earlier than 6 h compared to CT done later (25.7 % vs 0.8 %, p < 0.001). Early CT within 1 h rarely leads to the change of management but often is followed by another CT within 12 h. CONCLUSION In TBI patients postoperative CT was more effective than NE in predicting a need for 2nd head surgery. Postoperative head CT at 6 h is recommended to allow timely detection of intracranial deterioration, reduce the number of CTs and reversal findings as it does not increase 2nd surgery rates and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Fokin
- Delray Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services, 5352 Linton Boulevard, Delray Beach, FL 33484, USA; Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Joanna Wycech Knight
- Delray Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services, 5352 Linton Boulevard, Delray Beach, FL 33484, USA; Broward Health Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services,1600 S Andrews Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
| | - Brooke Davis
- Broward Health Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services,1600 S Andrews Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA
| | - Ryan Stalder
- Delray Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services, 5352 Linton Boulevard, Delray Beach, FL 33484, USA; Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mary Anne P Mendes
- Delray Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services, 5352 Linton Boulevard, Delray Beach, FL 33484, USA; St.George's University, School of Medicine, University Centre Grenada, West Indies, Grenada
| | - Maral Darya
- Delray Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services, 5352 Linton Boulevard, Delray Beach, FL 33484, USA; Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Ivan Puente
- Delray Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services, 5352 Linton Boulevard, Delray Beach, FL 33484, USA; Florida Atlantic University, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 777 Glades Rd, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Broward Health Medical Center, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Services,1600 S Andrews Ave, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33316, USA; Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Department of Surgery, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Jost JN. Primary Decompressive Craniectomy After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e29894. [PMID: 36348855 PMCID: PMC9631546 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) still put a high burden on public health worldwide. Medical and surgical treatment strategies are continuously being studied, but the role and indications of primary decompressive craniectomy (DC) remain controversial. In medically refractory intracranial hypertension after severe traumatic brain injury, secondary decompressive craniectomy is a last resort treatment option to control intracranial pressure (ICP). Randomized controlled studies have been extensively performed on secondary decompressive craniectomy and its role in the management of severe traumatic brain injuries. Indications, prognostic factors, and long-term outcomes in primary decompressive craniectomy during the evacuation of an epidural, subdural, or intracerebral hematoma in the acute phase are still a matter of ongoing research and controversy to this day. Prospective trials have been designed, but the results are yet to be published. In isolated epidural hematoma without underlying brain injury, osteoplastic craniotomy is likely to be sufficient. In acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) with relevant brain swelling and preoperative CT signs such as effaced cisterns, overly proportional midline-shift compared to a relatively small acute subdural hematoma, and accompanying brain contusions as well as pupillary abnormalities, intraventricular hemorrhage, and coagulation disorder, primary decompressive craniectomy is more likely to be of benefit for patients with traumatic brain injury. The role of intracranial pressure monitoring after primary decompressive craniectomy is recommended, but prospective trials are pending. More refined guidelines and hopefully class I evidence will be established with the ongoing trials: randomized evaluation of surgery with craniectomy for patients undergoing evacuation of acute subdural hematoma (RESCUE-ASDH), prospective randomized evaluation of decompressive ipsilateral craniectomy for traumatic acute epidural hematoma (PREDICT-AEDH), and pragmatic explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS).
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Postoperative Hematoma Expansion in Patients Undergoing Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101298. [PMID: 36291232 PMCID: PMC9599268 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors for hematoma expansion (HE) in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC) in patients with elevated intracranial pressure due to spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (ICH). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 72 patients with spontaneous ICH who underwent DC at our institution. We compared the pre- and postoperative volumes of ICH and divided the patients into two groups: first, patients with postoperative HE > 6 cm3 (group 1), and second, patients without HE (group 2). Additionally, we screened the medical history for anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication (AC/AP), bleeding-related comorbidities, age, admission Glasgow coma scale and laboratory parameters. Results: The rate of AC/AP medication was higher in group 1 versus group 2 (15/16 vs. 5/38, p < 0.00001), and patients were significantly older in group 1 versus group 2 (65.1 ± 16.2 years vs. 54.4 ± 14.3 years, p = 0.02). Furthermore, preoperative laboratory tests showed lower rates of hematocrit (34.1 ± 5.4% vs. 38.1 ± 5.1%, p = 0.01) and hemoglobin (11.5 ± 1.6 g/dL vs. 13.13 ± 1.8 g/dL, p = 0.0028) in group 1 versus group 2. In multivariate analysis, the history of AC/AP medication was the only independent predictor of HE (p < 0.0001, OR 0.015, CI 95% 0.001−0.153). Conclusion: We presented a comprehensive evaluation of risk factors for hematoma epansion by patients undergoing DC due to ICH.
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Lara-Reyna J, Alali L, Wedderburn R, Margetis K. Compliance with venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis guidelines in non-operative traumatic brain injury. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2022; 215:107212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sheng J, Chen W, Zhuang D, Li T, Yang J, Cai S, Chen X, Liu X, Tian F, Huang M, Li L, Li K. A Clinical Predictive Nomogram for Traumatic Brain Parenchyma Hematoma Progression. Neurol Ther 2022; 11:185-203. [PMID: 34855160 PMCID: PMC8857351 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-021-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute traumatic intraparenchymal hematoma (tICH) expansion is a major cause of clinical deterioration after brain contusion. Here, an accurate prediction tool for acute tICH expansion is proposed. METHODS A multicenter hospital-based study for multivariable prediction model was conducted among patients (889 patients in a development dataset and 264 individuals in an external validation dataset) with initial and follow-up computed tomography (CT) imaging for tICH volume evaluation. Semi-automated software was employed to assess tICH expansion. Two multivariate predictive models for acute tICH expansion were developed and externally validated. RESULTS A total of 198 (22.27%) individuals had remarkable acute tICH expansion. The novel Traumatic Parenchymatous Hematoma Expansion Aid (TPHEA) model retained several variables, including age, coagulopathy, baseline tICH volume, time to baseline CT time, subdural hemorrhage, a novel imaging marker of multihematoma fuzzy sign, and an inflammatory index of monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio. Compared with multihematoma fuzzy sign, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and the basic model, the TPHEA model exhibited optimal discrimination, calibration, and clinical net benefits for patients with acute tICH expansion. A TPHEA nomogram was subsequently introduced from this model to facilitate clinical application. In an external dataset, this device showed good predicting performance for acute tICH expansion. CONCLUSIONS The main predictive factors in the TPHEA nomogram are the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, baseline tICH volume, and multihematoma fuzzy sign. This user-friendly tool can estimate acute tICH expansion and optimize personalized treatments for individuals with brain contusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Sheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, Chin
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongzhou Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shirong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Changping Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mindong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jieyang Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Jieyang, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated East Hospital of Xiamen University Medical College, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
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Adatia K, Newcombe VFJ, Menon DK. Contusion Progression Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Clinical and Radiological Predictors, and Influence on Outcome. Neurocrit Care 2021; 34:312-324. [PMID: 32462411 PMCID: PMC7253145 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-00994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Secondary injuries remain an important cause of the morbidity and mortality associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Progression of cerebral contusions occurs in up to 75% of patients with TBI, and this contributes to subsequent clinical deterioration and requirement for surgical intervention. Despite this, the role of early clinical and radiological factors in predicting contusion progression remains relatively poorly defined due to studies investigating progression of all types of hemorrhagic injuries as a combined cohort. In this review, we summarize data from recent studies on factors which predict contusion progression, and the effect of contusion progression on clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishma Adatia
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Chang T, Yan X, Zhao C, Zhang Y, Wang B, Gao L. Risk Factors and Neurologic Outcomes in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury and Coagulopathy Within 72 h After Surgery. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:2905-2913. [PMID: 34531657 PMCID: PMC8439966 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s323897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of coagulopathy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the early postoperative period. METHODS The baseline characteristics, intraoperative management, and follow-up data of 462 patients with TBI between January 2015 and June 2019 were collected and retrospectively analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. Coagulopathy was defined as activated partial thromboplastin time > 40 s, international normalized ratio > 1.4, or platelet counts < 100×109/L. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on admission, Injury Severity Score (ISS) on admission, pupil mydriasis, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative crystalloid resuscitation were independent risk factors for patients who developed coagulopathy after surgery. There were statistical differences in mortality (p = 0.049), the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GCS-E; p = 0.024), and the modified Rankin Scale (p = 0.043) between the patients with and without coagulopathy 1 week after surgery. Coagulopathy within 72 h after surgery revealed the higher mortality at 1 week (66.7%), 3 months (71.4%), and 6 months (76.2%). Coagulopathy within 72 h after surgery in patients with a TBI predicted worse disease progression and unfavorable neurologic outcomes. CONCLUSION Taking practical and reasonable measures to manage these risk factors may protect patients with TBI from postoperative coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xigang Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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11
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Dobran M, Mancini F, Nasi D, Lattanzi S, Fogante M, Tagliati C, Gesuita R, Polonara G, Iacoangeli M. Relationship between Burr-Hole position and pneumocephalus in patients operated for chronic subdural hematoma. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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12
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Dobran M, Nasi D. Letter to the Editor Regarding "Predictors of Surgical Site Infection in Autologous Cranioplasty: A Retrospective Analysis of Subcutaneously Preserved Bone Flaps in Abdominal Pockets". World Neurosurg 2020; 139:656-657. [PMID: 32689665 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Dobran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Davide Nasi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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13
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Hanko M, Soršák J, Snopko P, Opšenák R, Zeleňák K, Kolarovszki B. Incidence and risk factors of early postoperative complications in patients after decompressive craniectomy: a 5-year experience. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2020; 47:1635-1647. [PMID: 32307561 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-020-01367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Decompressive craniectomy is an effective measure to reduce a pathologically elevated intracranial pressure. Patients' survival and life quality following this surgery have been a subject of several studies and significantly differ according to the primary diagnosis. Since this operation is often associated with a wide spectrum of possibly serious complications, we aimed to describe their incidence and possible associated risk factors. METHODS We evaluated 118 patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy at our clinic during years 2013-2017. The indications included traumatic brain injuries, ischaemic or haemorrhagic strokes and postoperative complications of planned neurosurgical procedures. Subsequently, we assessed the incidence of early postoperative complications (occurring during the first 3 postoperative weeks). The results were statistically analysed with relation to a wide selection of possible risk factors. RESULTS At least one early surgical postoperative complication occurred in 87 (73.73%) patients, the most frequent being a development of an extraaxial fluid collection in 41 (34.75%) patients. We were able to identify risk factors linked with extraaxial fluid collections, subcutaneous and extradural haematomas, postoperative seizures and meningitis. An overall need for reoperation was 13.56%. Neither the duration of the surgery nor the qualification of the operating surgeon had any effect on the complications' occurrence. CONCLUSIONS Decompressive craniectomy is associated with numerous early postoperative complications with a various degree of severity. Most cases of complications can, however, be managed in a conservative way. The risk factors linked with postoperative complications should be taken into account during the indication process in each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hanko
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, Kollárova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Soršák
- Clinic of Radiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, Kollárova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Snopko
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, Kollárova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovak Republic
| | - René Opšenák
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, Kollárova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovak Republic
| | - Kamil Zeleňák
- Clinic of Radiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, Kollárova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovak Republic
| | - Branislav Kolarovszki
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital in Martin, Kollárova 2, Martin, 036 59, Slovak Republic.
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14
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Mathieu F, Zeiler FA, Ercole A, Monteiro M, Kamnitsas K, Glocker B, Whitehouse DP, Das T, Smielewski P, Czosnyka M, Hutchinson PJ, Newcombe VFJ, Menon DK. Relationship between Measures of Cerebrovascular Reactivity and Intracranial Lesion Progression in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A CENTER-TBI Study. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1556-1565. [PMID: 31928143 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of cerebral autoregulation has been linked to unfavorable outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Preliminary evidence from a small, retrospective, single-center analysis suggests that autoregulatory dysfunction may be associated with traumatic lesion expansion, particularly for pericontusional edema. The goal of this study was to further explore these associations using prospective, multi-center data from the Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) and to further explore the relationship between autoregulatory failure, lesion progression, and patient outcome. A total of 88 subjects from the CENTER-TBI High Resolution ICU Sub-Study cohort were included. All patients had an admission computed tomography (CT) scan and early repeat scan available, as well as high-frequency neurophysiological recordings covering the between-scan interval. Using a novel, semiautomated approach at lesion segmentation, we calculated absolute changes in volume of contusion core, pericontusional edema, and extra-axial hemorrhage between the imaging studies. We then evaluated associations between cerebrovascular reactivity metrics and radiological lesion progression using mixed-model regression. Analyses were adjusted for baseline covariates and non-neurophysiological factors associated with lesion growth using multi-variate methods. Impairment in cerebrovascular reactivity was significantly associated with progression of pericontusional edema and, to a lesser degree, intraparenchymal hemorrhage. In contrast, there were no significant associations with extra-axial hemorrhage. The strongest relationships were observed between RAC-based metrics and edema formation. Pulse amplitude index showed weaker, but consistent, associations with contusion growth. Cerebrovascular reactivity metrics remained strongly associated with lesion progression after taking into account contributions from non-neurophysiological factors and mean cerebral perfusion pressure. Total hemorrhagic core and edema volumes on repeat CT were significantly larger in patients who were deceased at 6 months, and the amount of edema was greater in patients with an unfavourable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended 1-4). Our study suggests associations between autoregulatory failure, traumatic edema progression, and poor outcome. This is in keeping with findings from a single-center retrospective analysis, providing multi-center prospective data to support those results.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Mathieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick A Zeiler
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnibeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnibeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnibeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ari Ercole
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Monteiro
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben Glocker
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tilak Das
- Department of Radiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Smielewski
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Brain Physics Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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