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Petrovič D, Letonja J, Petrovič D. SMAD3 rs17228212 Polymorphism Is Associated with Advanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Slovenian Population. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1103. [PMID: 38791063 PMCID: PMC11117620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Smad proteins influence the TGFβ signaling pathway, which plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the rs17228212 polymorphism of the SMAD3 gene and advanced carotid atherosclerosis in Slovenian subjects and to investigate the effect of the rs17228212 SMAD3 polymorphism on the expression of SMAD3 in endarterectomy sequesters. In this cross-sectional case-control study, 881 unrelated Caucasians were divided into two groups. The first group included 308 patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis of the common or internal carotid artery with stenosis greater than 75% that underwent a revascularization procedure (cases). The control group consisted of 573 subjects without hemodynamically significant carotid atherosclerosis. We analyzed the rs17228212 polymorphism of the SMAD3 gene using the StepOne real-time polymerase chain reaction system and TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. The results in the two genetic models showed a statistically significant association, codominant (OR 4.05; CI 1.10-17.75; p = 0.037) and dominant (OR 3.60; CI 1.15-15.45; p = 0.045). An immunohistochemical analysis of SMAD3 expression was conducted for 26 endarterectomy specimens. The T allele of the rs17228212 SMAD3 gene was shown to be associated with an increased numerical area density of SMAD3-positive cells in carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrovič
- Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (J.L.)
| | - Jernej Letonja
- Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Danijel Petrovič
- Laboratory for Histology and Genetics of Atherosclerosis and Microvascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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2
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Tornifoglio B, Johnston RD, Stone AJ, Kerskens C, Lally C. Microstructural and mechanical insight into atherosclerotic plaques: an ex vivo DTI study to better assess plaque vulnerability. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:1515-1530. [PMID: 36652053 PMCID: PMC10511397 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive microstructural characterisation has the potential to determine the stability, or lack thereof, of atherosclerotic plaques and ultimately aid in better assessing plaques' risk to rupture. If linked with mechanical characterisation using a clinically relevant imaging technique, mechanically sensitive rupture risk indicators could be possible. This study aims to provide this link-between a clinically relevant imaging technique and mechanical characterisation within human atherosclerotic plaques. Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging, mechanical testing, and histological analysis were carried out on human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. DTI-derived tractography was found to yield significant mechanical insight into the mechanical properties of more stable and more vulnerable microstructures. Coupled with insights from digital image correlation and histology, specific failure characteristics of different microstructural arrangements furthered this finding. More circumferentially uniform microstructures failed at higher stresses and strains when compared to samples which had multiple microstructures, like those seen in a plaque cap. The novel findings in this study motivate diagnostic measures which use non-invasive characterisation of the underlying microstructure of plaques to determine their vulnerability to rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tornifoglio
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R D Johnston
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A J Stone
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Kerskens
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Lally
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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3
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Sultan SR, Khayat M, Almutairi B, Marzouq A, Albngali A, Abdeen R, Alahmadi AA, Toonsi F. B-mode ultrasound characteristics of carotid plaques in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with low-grade stenosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291450. [PMID: 37703254 PMCID: PMC10499196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid plaque features assessed using B-mode ultrasound can be useful for the prediction of cerebrovascular symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the ability of ultrasound B-mode imaging to differentiate between carotid plaques causing less than 50% stenosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. A dataset of 1,593 patients with carotid disease who underwent carotid ultrasound between 2016 and 2021 was evaluated retrospectively between January and April of 2022. A total of 107 carotid plaques from 35 symptomatic and 52 asymptomatic patients causing low-grade stenosis on B-mode images were included in the analysis. Chi-square, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the variables. There was a significant association between hypertension and the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms (p = 0.01). Predominantly hypoechoic and hyperechoic carotid plaque were significantly associated with the presence and absence of cerebrovascular symptoms, respectively (predominantly hypoechoic: p = 0.01; predominantly hyperechoic: p = 0.02). Surface irregularity was significantly associated with the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms (p = 0.02). There is was a significant difference in the carotid plaque length and area between the symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (plaque length: symptomatic median 9 mm, interquartile range [IQR] 6 mm; asymptomatic median 6 mm, IQR 4.5 mm, p = 0.01; plaque area: symptomatic median 24 mm, IQR 30 mm; asymptomatic median 14 mm, IQR 17 mm, p = 0.01); however, this difference was not significant for plaque thickness (p = 0.55), or common carotid artery intima-media thickness (p = 0.7). Our findings indicate that hypertension patients with predominantly hypoechoic carotid plaques and plaques with an irregular surface are associated with the presence of cerebrovascular symptoms. In addition, the carotid plaques in symptomatic patients were longer and larger compared to asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahaden R. Sultan
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Khayat
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander Almutairi
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhamid Marzouq
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Albngali
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Abdeen
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A.S. Alahmadi
- Radiologic Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Toonsi
- Department of Radiology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Wang M, Jing X, Cao Q, Zhang P, Wang Y, Liu F, Xu X, Wang J, He L, Xu F. Endothelial function and arterial stiffness indexes in subjects with carotid plaque and carotid plaque length: A subgroup analysis showing the relationship with hypertension and diabetes. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2023; 32:106986. [PMID: 36669372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.106986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally. A large proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaques. However, the relationship between vascular health status (arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction) and carotid plaque remains unclear. OUR STRATEGY Here, we recruited 991 subjects with carotid plaques and 1170 subjects without carotid plaques to measure arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, using a logistic regression model and multiple linear regression models to predict the relationship between them and carotid plaques. MAIN RESULTS The data revealed that patients with carotid plaques presented a significantly higher mean of cf-PWV and lower mean RHI values. Age, male gender, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking contributed to plaque formation. Carotid plaques and their lengths were negatively associated with RHI values and positively associated with cf-PWV values; diabetes combined with hypertension showed a cumulative effect on arteriosclerosis. CONCLUSION RHI combined with cf-PWV could improve the efficacy of predicting the presence of carotid plaques and their lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jing
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Qiongfang Cao
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Art College, Southwest Minzu University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lanying He
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China.
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Jumah A, Aboul Nour H, Fana M, Choudhury O, Eltous L, Zoghoul S, Jumah F, Alsrouji OK, Alhajala H, Intikhab O, Marin H, Chebl A, Miller D. The role of non-stenosing carotid artery plaques in embolic stroke of undetermined source, is it a silent offender? A review of literature. Interv Neuroradiol 2022:15910199221143172. [PMID: 36451548 DOI: 10.1177/15910199221143172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Atherosclerotic cervical internal carotid artery disease is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attacks. The risk of stroke from mild to moderate stenoses (i.e. <50% stenosis) might be underestimated. There is increasing evidence that plaque morphological features reflect plaque instability that may harbor high risk for embolization. In this narrative review, we will review the literature on plaque features that predict vulnerability beyond the degree of stenosis, discuss the clinical association with stroke, and evaluate the evidence that these lesions serve as a source for embolic stroke of unknown source (ESUS). METHODS We performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms "embolic stroke of undetermined source" and "plaque morphology" were used either alone or in combination with "non-flow limiting stenosis," "non-stenosing plaques," "high-risk plaque features" or "internal carotid artery plaque." Data on plaque morphology and ESUS were mainly taken from review articles, observational studies including retrospective cohort and cross-sectional studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews. CONCLUSION Nonstenosing carotid artery plaques with high-risk features carry a remarkable risk for stroke occurrence and randomized clinical trials are warranted for further evaluation of using carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy to mitigate the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Jumah
- Department of Neurology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hassan Aboul Nour
- Department of Vascular Neurology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Fana
- Department of Neurology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Omar Choudhury
- Department of Neurology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lara Eltous
- 37251Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sohaib Zoghoul
- Department of Radiology, 36977Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Jumah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Missouri Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Owais K Alsrouji
- Department of Neurology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hisham Alhajala
- Department of Vascular Neurology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Osama Intikhab
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Horia Marin
- Department of Neuroradiology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alex Chebl
- Department of Neurology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Miller
- Department of Neurology, 24016Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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Izquierdo-Garcia D, Diyabalanage H, Ramsay IA, Rotile NJ, Mauskapf A, Choi JK, Witzel T, Humblet V, Jaffer FA, Brownell AL, Tawakol A, Catana C, Conrad MF, Caravan P, Ay I. Imaging High-Risk Atherothrombosis Using a Novel Fibrin-Binding Positron Emission Tomography Probe. Stroke 2022; 53:595-604. [PMID: 34965737 PMCID: PMC8792326 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High-risk atherosclerosis is an underlying cause of cardiovascular events, yet identifying the specific patient population at immediate risk is still challenging. Here, we used a rabbit model of atherosclerotic plaque rupture and human carotid endarterectomy specimens to describe the potential of molecular fibrin imaging as a tool to identify thrombotic plaques. METHODS Atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits were induced using a high-cholesterol diet and aortic balloon injury (N=13). Pharmacological triggering was used in a group of rabbits (n=9) to induce plaque disruption. Animals were grouped into thrombotic and nonthrombotic plaque groups based on gross pathology (gold standard). All animals were injected with a novel fibrin-specific probe 68Ga-CM246 followed by positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging 90 minutes later. 68Ga-CM246 was quantified on the PET images using tissue-to-background (back muscle) ratios and standardized uptake value. RESULTS Both tissue-to-background (back muscle) ratios and standardized uptake value were significantly higher in the thrombotic versus nonthrombotic group (P<0.05). Ex vivo PET and autoradiography of the abdominal aorta correlated positively with in vivo PET measurements. Plaque disruption identified by 68Ga-CM246 PET agreed with gross pathology assessment (85%). In ex vivo surgical specimens obtained from patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy (N=12), 68Ga-CM246 showed significantly higher binding to carotid plaques compared to a D-cysteine nonbinding control probe. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that molecular fibrin PET imaging using 68Ga-CM246 could be a useful tool to diagnose experimental and clinical atherothrombosis. Based on our initial results using human carotid plaque specimens, in vivo molecular imaging studies are warranted to test 68Ga-CM246 PET as a tool to stratify risk in atherosclerotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Izquierdo-Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA,Harvard-MIT Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Ian A. Ramsay
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA,Collagen Medical, LLC, Belmont, MA,The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Nicholas J. Rotile
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA,The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Adam Mauskapf
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ji-Kyung Choi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Thomas Witzel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | | | - Farouc A. Jaffer
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anna-Liisa Brownell
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Nuclear Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA,The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Mark F. Conrad
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA,The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ilknur Ay
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA
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Fülesdi B, Farkas S, Gyöngyösi Z, Siró P, Bereczki D, Bacsó J, Csiba L. Correlation between calcium, water contents and ultrasonographic appearance of atherosclerotic lesions of carotid artery lesions. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:269-276. [PMID: 33335767 PMCID: PMC7712159 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We tested the hypothesis whether there is a correlation between the echogenicity and calcium and water contents of carotid plaques. Patients and methods Ninety carotid befurcations from 45 deceased patients were removed during autopsy. Thirty-four plaques were categorized as homogenous echolucent (HEL), homogenous echogenic (HEG) and heterogenous (HE) plaques based on premortem B-mode image. Water content was expressed in % of wet weight. Ca was determined by proton-induced X-ray emission and expressed in ppm. Relative optical density of the B-mode images was analyzed offline using a computer program. Results HEL plaques had lower Ca content (medians and IQRs: 6,145 [4,465–6,536 ppm]) compared to HEG (74,100 [15,300–1,44,500−ppm]), P ≤ 0.001). HE plaques showed an intermediate calcium content (7,310 [4,840–9,920 ppm]) that was statistically not different from echolucent plaques. Water content of HEG plaques was statistically not different from HEL and HE (HEG:53.5 [35.5–64%], HEL: 73.5 [69.7–78.5%], HE: 70.6 [67.4–73.9%]). HEG plaques had the highest relative optical densities (196 [188–217%]). HEL and HE had similar relative optical densities (HEL: 176 [164–187%], HE: 164 [144–188%], respectively). A significant positive correlation was found between the Ca content and relative optical density of plaques. Conclusions Echogenicity of carotid plaques increases along with their calcium content. Water content may be an important factor in differentiation of different plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Fülesdi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia, University of Debrecen, H_4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Farkas
- Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gyöngyösi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia, University of Debrecen, H_4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Péter Siró
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurointensive Care and Neuroanesthesia, University of Debrecen, H_4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Hungary
| | - Dániel Bereczki
- Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Bacsó
- Insitute of Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Hajsl M, Hlavackova A, Broulikova K, Sramek M, Maly M, Dyr JE, Suttnar J. Tryptophan Metabolism, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Neurovascular Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050208. [PMID: 32438592 PMCID: PMC7281607 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of major vascular events, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke. Tryptophan (TRP) catabolism was recognized as an important player in inflammation and immune response having together with oxidative stress (OS) significant effects on each phase of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship of plasma levels of TRP metabolites, inflammation, and OS in patients with neurovascular diseases (acute ischemic stroke (AIS), significant carotid artery stenosis (SCAS)) and in healthy controls. Blood samples were collected from 43 patients (25 with SCAS, 18 with AIS) and from 25 healthy controls. The concentrations of twelve TRP metabolites, riboflavin, neopterin (NEO, marker of inflammation), and malondialdehyde (MDA, marker of OS) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Concentrations of seven TRP metabolites (TRP, kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), anthranilic acid (AA), melatonin (MEL), tryptamine (TA)), NEO, and MDA were significantly different in the studied groups. Significantly lower concentrations of TRP, KYN, 3-HAA, MEL, TA, and higher MDA concentrations were found in AIS compared to SCAS patients. MDA concentration was higher in both AIS and SCAS group (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively) compared to controls, NEO concentration was enhanced (p < 0.003) in AIS. MDA did not directly correlate with TRP metabolites in the study groups, except for 1) a negative correlation with kynurenine acid and 2) the activity of kynurenine aminotransferase in AIS patients (r = -0.552, p = 0.018; r = -0.504, p = 0.033, respectively). In summary, TRP metabolism is clearly more deregulated in AIS compared to SCAS patients; the effect of TRP metabolites on OS should be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hajsl
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 50002 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Hlavackova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 12820 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (J.E.D.)
| | - Karolina Broulikova
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 50002 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sramek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurooncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin Maly
- Department of Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and the Military University Hospital, 16902 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (K.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Jan E. Dyr
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 12820 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (J.E.D.)
| | - Jiri Suttnar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 12820 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.H.); (J.E.D.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Grbić E, Gorkič N, Pleskovič A, Zorc M, Ljuca F, Gasparini M, Mrđa B, Cilenšek I, Mankoč S, Banach M, Petrovič D, Fras Z. Association between rs2107595 HDAC9 gene polymorphism and advanced carotid atherosclerosis in the Slovenian cohort. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:71. [PMID: 32284067 PMCID: PMC7155263 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events; moreover, it has been investigated as a candidate gene in a number of conditions, including the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that the rs2107595 HDAC9 gene polymorphism may be associated with advanced carotid artery disease in a Slovenian cohort. We also investigated the effect of this polymorphism on HDAC9 receptor expression in the internal carotid artery (ICA) specimens obtained by endarterectomy. Methods This case-control study enrolled 619 unrelated Slovenian patients: 311 patients with ICA stenosis > 75% as the study group and 308 patients with ICA stenosis < 50% as the control group. Patient laboratory and clinical data were obtained from the medical records. The rs2107595 polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping assay. HDAC9 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 30 ICA specimens from patients with ICA atherosclerosis > 75%, and the numerical areal density of HDAC9 positive cells was calculated. Results The occurrence of advanced ICA atherosclerosis in the Slovenian cohort was 3.81 times higher in the codominant genetic model (OR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.06–13.77, p = 0.04), and 3.10 times higher in the recessive genetic model (OR = 3.10, 95%CI = 1.16–8.27, p = 0.02). In addition, the A allele of rs2107595 was associated with increased HDAC9 expression in the ICA specimens obtained by endarterectomy. Conclusions We observed a significant association between the AA genotype of rs2107595 with the advanced carotid artery disease in our Slovenian cohort, indicating that this polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor for ICA atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Grbić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nataša Gorkič
- International Center for Cardiovascular Diseases MC Medicor d.d, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Aleš Pleskovič
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjeta Zorc
- International Center for Cardiovascular Diseases MC Medicor d.d, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Farid Ljuca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mladen Gasparini
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Hospital Izola, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Božidar Mrđa
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ines Cilenšek
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Mankoč
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona-Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Daniel Petrovič
- International Center for Cardiovascular Diseases MC Medicor d.d, Izola, Slovenia. .,Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Zlatko Fras
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Division of Medicine, Centre for Preventive Cardiology, Division of Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, SI-1525, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Chair of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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