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Bifrontal electroconvulsive therapy changed regional homogeneity and functional connectivity of left angular gyrus in major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2020; 294:113461. [PMID: 33038791 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a rapid and effective treatment for MDD. However, the mechanism of ECT for MDD has not been clarified. In this study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to explore the mechanism of ECT. Two groups of subjects were recruited: healthy controls (HCs) and MDD patients who received bifrontal ECT. MDD patients and HCs underwent rs-fMRI scans and clinical assessments (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Rey-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the verbal fluency test). Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity were evaluated for the analysis of rs-fMRI data. The results showed that ReHo values in the left angular gyrus (LAG) significantly increased in MDD patients after ECT, and the functional connectivity of the LAG with bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral middle frontal gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus, left precuneus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, and right angular gyrus was found to be strengthened after ECT. The scores of delayed recall trial in the RAVLT of MDD patients were related to the functional connectivity of the LAG with the left inferior temporal gyrus and the left posterior cingulate gyrus. It indicated LAG palyed an important role in the mechanism of ECT in MDD.
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Larsen KM, Dzafic I, Siebner HR, Garrido MI. Alteration of functional brain architecture in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome – Insights into susceptibility for psychosis. Neuroimage 2019; 190:154-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
The schizotypy construct focuses attention on the liability to develop schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, yet traditionally, the schizotypy models have put more emphasis on stress-vulnerability interactions rather than developmental dynamics of emerging risk for psychopathology. Indeed, developmental accounts of this emerging personality trait have rarely been explicitly formulated. In this position article, we wish to convey some of the basic developmental tenets of schizotypy, and how they can inform high-risk research. Firstly, we tackle the state vs trait issue to outline the possible relationship between high-risk states and trait schizotypy. Second, we review the evidence suggesting that the consolidation of schizotypy, encompassing its 3 main dimensions, could be considered as a developmental mediator between very early risk factors and transition into high-risk states. Importantly, developmental dynamics between endophenotypes, as well as transactional and epigenetics mechanisms should enter modern conceptualizations of schizotypy. Finally, we present a developmental psychopathology perspective of schizotypy sensitive to both the multifinality and equifinality of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. We conclude that schizotypy represents a crucial construct in a fully-developmental study of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
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Murray RJ, Debbané M, Fox PT, Bzdok D, Eickhoff SB. Functional connectivity mapping of regions associated with self- and other-processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:1304-24. [PMID: 25482016 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience literature increasingly suggests a conceptual self composed of interacting neural regions, rather than independent local activations, yet such claims have yet to be investigated. We, thus, combined task-dependent meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) with task-independent resting-state (RS) connectivity analysis to delineate the neural network of the self, across both states. Given psychological evidence implicating the self's interdependence on social information, we also delineated the neural network underlying conceptual other-processing. To elucidate the relation between the self-/other-networks and their function, we mined the MACM metadata to generate a cognitive-behavioral profile for an empirically identified region specific to conceptual self, the pregenual anterior cingulate (pACC), and conceptual other, posterior cingulate/precuneus (PCC/PC). Mining of 7,200 published, task-dependent, neuroimaging studies, using healthy human subjects, yielded 193 studies activating the self-related seed and were conjoined with RS connectivity analysis to delineate a differentiated self-network composed of the pACC (seed) and anterior insula, relative to other functional connectivity. Additionally, 106 studies activating the other-related seed were conjoined with RS connectivity analysis to delineate a differentiated other-network of PCC/PC (seed) and angular gyrus/temporoparietal junction, relative to self-functional connectivity. The self-network seed related to emotional conflict resolution and motivational processing, whereas the other-network seed related to socially oriented processing and contextual information integration. Notably, our findings revealed shared RS connectivity between ensuing self-/other-networks within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, suggesting self-updating via integration of self-relevant social information. We, therefore, present initial neurobiological evidence corroborating the increasing claims of an intricate self-network, the architecture of which may promote social value processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Murray
- Developmental Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jardri R, Bartels-Velthuis AA, Debbané M, Jenner JA, Kelleher I, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G, Demeulemeester M, David CN, Rapoport J, Dobbelaere D, Escher S, Fernyhough C. From phenomenology to neurophysiological understanding of hallucinations in children and adolescents. Schizophr Bull 2014; 40 Suppl 4:S221-32. [PMID: 24936083 PMCID: PMC4141307 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Typically reported as vivid, multisensory experiences which may spontaneously resolve, hallucinations are present at high rates during childhood. The risk of associated psychopathology is a major cause of concern. On the one hand, the risk of developing further delusional ideation has been shown to be reduced by better theory of mind skills. On the other hand, ideas of reference, passivity phenomena, and misidentification syndrome have been shown to increase the risk of self-injury or heteroaggressive behaviors. Cognitive psychology and brain-imaging studies have advanced our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these early-onset hallucinations. Notably, specific functional impairments have been associated with certain phenomenological characteristics of hallucinations in youths, including intrusiveness and the sense of reality. In this review, we provide an update of associated epidemiological and phenomenological factors (including sociocultural context, social adversity, and genetics, considered in relation to the psychosis continuum hypothesis), cognitive models, and neurophysiological findings concerning hallucinations in children and adolescents. Key issues that have interfered with progress are considered and recommendations for future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Jardri
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Department,University Medical Centre Lille, Lille, France; Lille Nord de France University, UDSL, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Lille, France;
| | - Agna A Bartels-Velthuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Debbané
- Adolescence Clinical Psychology Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jack A Jenner
- Jenner Consult Haren & Audito, Practice for Child & Adolescent Voice Hearers, Ten Boer, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Kelleher
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep unit, Department of Neurology, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU Montpellier & National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morgane Demeulemeester
- Lille Nord de France University, UDSL, Functional Neurosciences & Disorders Lab, Lille, France; Lautréamont Clinic, ORPEACLINEA Group, Loos, France
| | - Christopher N David
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Judith Rapoport
- Child Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dries Dobbelaere
- National Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases in Child and Adulthood, University Children's Hospital Jeanne de Flandre, Lille, France
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