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Cohanpour M, Aly M, Gottlieb J. Neural Representations of Sensory Uncertainty and Confidence Are Associated with Perceptual Curiosity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0974232024. [PMID: 38969505 PMCID: PMC11326865 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0974-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans are immensely curious and motivated to reduce uncertainty, but little is known about the neural mechanisms that generate curiosity. Curiosity is inversely associated with confidence, suggesting that it is triggered by states of low confidence (subjective uncertainty), but the neural mechanisms of this link, have been little investigated. Inspired by studies of sensory uncertainty, we hypothesized that visual areas provide multivariate representations of uncertainty, which are read out by higher-order structures to generate signals of confidence and, ultimately, curiosity. We scanned participants (17 female, 15 male) using fMRI while they performed a new task in which they rated their confidence in identifying distorted images of animals and objects and their curiosity to see the clear image. We measured the activity evoked by each image in the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) and devised a new metric of "OTC Certainty" indicating the strength of evidence this activity conveys about the animal versus object categories. We show that, perceptual curiosity peaked at low confidence and OTC Certainty negatively correlated with curiosity, establishing a link between curiosity and a multivariate representation of sensory uncertainty. Moreover, univariate (average) activity in two frontal areas-vmPFC and ACC-correlated positively with confidence and negatively with curiosity, and the vmPFC mediated the relationship between OTC Certainty and curiosity. The results reveal novel mechanisms through which uncertainty about an event generates curiosity about that event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cohanpour
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
| | - Mariam Aly
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
| | - Jacqueline Gottlieb
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025
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2
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Pauley C, Zeithamova D, Sander MC. Age differences in functional connectivity track dedifferentiation of category representations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574135. [PMID: 38260463 PMCID: PMC10802339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
With advancing age, the distinctiveness of neural representations of information declines. While the finding of this so-called 'age-related neural dedifferentiation' in category-selective neural regions is well-described, the contribution of age-related changes in network organization to dedifferentiation is unknown. Here, we asked whether age differences in a) whole-brain network segregation (i.e., network dedifferentiation) and b) functional connectivity to category-selective neural regions contribute to regional dedifferentiation of categorical representations. Younger and older adults viewed blocks of face and house stimuli in the fMRI scanner. We found an age-related decline in neural distinctiveness for faces in the fusiform gyrus (FG) and for houses in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Functional connectivity analyses revealed age-related dedifferentiation of global network structure as well as age differences in connectivity between the FG and early visual cortices. Interindividual correlations demonstrated that regional distinctiveness was related to network segregation as well as connectivity of the FG to the visual network. Together, our findings reveal that dedifferentiation of categorical representations may be linked to age-related reorganization of functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Pauley
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeithamova
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 97403 Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Myriam C. Sander
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Jeschke L, Mathias B, von Kriegstein K. Inhibitory TMS over Visual Area V5/MT Disrupts Visual Speech Recognition. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7690-7699. [PMID: 37848284 PMCID: PMC10634547 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0975-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During face-to-face communication, the perception and recognition of facial movements can facilitate individuals' understanding of what is said. Facial movements are a form of complex biological motion. Separate neural pathways are thought to processing (1) simple, nonbiological motion with an obligatory waypoint in the motion-sensitive visual middle temporal area (V5/MT); and (2) complex biological motion. Here, we present findings that challenge this dichotomy. Neuronavigated offline transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over V5/MT on 24 participants (17 females and 7 males) led to increased response times in the recognition of simple, nonbiological motion as well as visual speech recognition compared with TMS over the vertex, an active control region. TMS of area V5/MT also reduced practice effects on response times, that are typically observed in both visual speech and motion recognition tasks over time. Our findings provide the first indication that area V5/MT causally influences the recognition of visual speech.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In everyday face-to-face communication, speech comprehension is often facilitated by viewing a speaker's facial movements. Several brain areas contribute to the recognition of visual speech. One area of interest is the motion-sensitive visual medial temporal area (V5/MT), which has been associated with the perception of simple, nonbiological motion such as moving dots, as well as more complex, biological motion such as visual speech. Here, we demonstrate using noninvasive brain stimulation that area V5/MT is causally relevant in recognizing visual speech. This finding provides new insights into the neural mechanisms that support the perception of human communication signals, which will help guide future research in typically developed individuals and populations with communication difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jeschke
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Brian Mathias
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB243FX, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina von Kriegstein
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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4
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Li C, Ficco L, Trapp S, Rostalski SM, Korn L, Kovács G. The effect of context congruency on fMRI repetition suppression for objects. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108603. [PMID: 37270029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of objects is strongly facilitated when they are presented in the context of other objects (Biederman, 1972). Such contexts facilitate perception and induce expectations of context-congruent objects (Trapp and Bar, 2015). The neural mechanisms underlying these facilitatory effects of context on object processing, however, are not yet fully understood. In the present study, we investigate how context-induced expectations affect subsequent object processing. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and measured repetition suppression as a proxy for prediction error processing. Participants viewed pairs of alternating or repeated object images which were preceded by context-congruent, context-incongruent or neutral cues. We found a stronger repetition suppression in congruent as compared to incongruent or neutral cues in the object sensitive lateral occipital cortex. Interestingly, this stronger effect was driven by enhanced responses to alternating stimulus pairs in the congruent contexts, rather than by suppressed responses to repeated stimulus pairs, which emphasizes the contribution of surprise-related response enhancement for the context modulation on RS when expectations are violated. In addition, in the congruent condition, we discovered significant functional connectivity between object-responsive and frontal cortical regions, as well as between object-responsive regions and the fusiform gyrus. Our findings indicate that prediction errors, reflected in enhanced brain responses to violated contextual expectations, underlie the facilitating effect of context during object perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Li
- School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, China; Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Linda Ficco
- Department of General Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany; Department of Linguistics and Cultural Evolution, International Max Planck Research School for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabrina Trapp
- Macromedia University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie-Marie Rostalski
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas Korn
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Department of Biological Psychology and Cognitive Neurosciences, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany.
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Bellot E, Kauffmann L, Coizet V, Meoni S, Moro E, Dojat M. Effective connectivity in subcortical visual structures in de novo Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 33:102906. [PMID: 34891045 PMCID: PMC8670854 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests with the appearance of non-motor symptoms before motor symptoms onset. Among these, dysfunctioning visual structures have recently been reported to occur at early disease stages. OBJECTIVE This study addresses effective connectivity in the visual network of PD patients. METHODS Using functional MRI and dynamic causal modeling analysis, we evaluated the connectivity between the superior colliculus, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual area V1 in de novo untreated PD patients (n = 22). A subset of the PD patients (n = 8) was longitudinally assessed two times at two months and at six months after starting dopaminergic treatment. Results were compared to those of age-matched healthy controls (n = 22). RESULTS Our results indicate that the superior colliculus drives cerebral activity for luminance contrast processing both in healthy controls and untreated PD patients. The same effective connectivity was observed with neuromodulatory differences in terms of neuronal dynamic interactions. Our main findings were that the modulation induced by luminance contrast changes of the superior colliculus connectivity (self-connectivity and connectivity to the lateral geniculate nucleus) was inhibited in PD patients (effect of contrast: p = 0.79 and p = 0.77 respectively). The introduction of dopaminergic medication in a subset (n = 8) of the PD patients failed to restore the effective connectivity modulation observed in the healthy controls. INTERPRETATION The deficits in luminance contrast processing in PD was associated with a deficiency in connectivity adjustment from the superior colliculus to the lateral geniculate nucleus and to V1. No differences in cerebral blood flow were observed between controls and PD patients suggesting that the deficiency was at the neuronal level. Administration of a dopaminergic treatment over six months was not able to normalize the observed alterations in inter-regional coupling. These findings highlight the presence of early dysfunctions in primary visual areas, which might be used as early markers of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bellot
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Louise Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Psychology and Neurocognition, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Coizet
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Sara Meoni
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Laboratory of Psychology and Neurocognition, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France; Movement Disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Moro
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; Laboratory of Psychology and Neurocognition, CNRS UMR 5105, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Dojat
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France.
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Kessler R, Rusch KM, Wende KC, Schuster V, Jansen A. Revisiting the effective connectivity within the distributed cortical network for face perception. NEUROIMAGE: REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Demirayak P, Karli Oguz K, Ustun FS, Urgen BM, Topac Y, Gilani I, Kansu T, Saygi S, Ozcelik T, Boyaci H, Doerschner K. Cortical connectivity in the face of congenital structural changes-A case of homozygous LAMC3 mutation. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2241. [PMID: 34124859 PMCID: PMC8413815 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The homozygous LAMC3 gene mutation is associated with severe bilateral smoothening and thickening of the lateral occipital cortex . Despite this and further significant changes in gray matter structure, a patient harboring this mutation exhibited a range of remarkably intact perceptual abilities . One possible explanation of this perceptual sparing could be that the white matter structural integrity and functional connectivity in relevant pathways remained intact. To test this idea, we used diffusion tensor and functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate functional connectivity in resting-state networks in major structural pathways involved in object perception and visual attention and corresponding microstructural integrity in a patient with homozygous LAMC3 mutation and sex, age, education, and socioeconomically matched healthy control group. White matter microstructural integrity results indicated widespread disruptions in both intra- and interhemispheric structural connections except inferior longitudinal fasciculus. With a few exceptions, the functional connectivity between the patient's adjacent gray matter regions of major white matter tracts of interest was conserved. In addition, functional localizers for face, object, and place areas showed similar results with a representative control, providing an explanation for the patient's intact face, place, and object recognition abilities. To generalize this finding, we also compared functional connectivity between early visual areas and face, place, and object category-selective areas, and we found that the functional connectivity of the patient was not different from the control group. Overall, our results provided complementary information about the effects of LAMC3 gene mutation on the human brain including intact temporo-occipital structural and functional connectivity that are compatible with preserved perceptual abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Demirayak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kader Karli Oguz
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Seyhun Ustun
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Buse Merve Urgen
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Topac
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irtiza Gilani
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tulay Kansu
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Saygi
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ozcelik
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Boyaci
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, JL Giessen University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Doerschner
- A.S. Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Psychology, JL Giessen University, Giessen, Germany
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8
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Liu X, Li X, Song Y, Liu J. Separate and Shared Neural Basis of Face Memory and Face Perception in Developmental Prosopagnosia. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:668174. [PMID: 34248516 PMCID: PMC8267096 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.668174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP), also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder with a severe deficit in recognizing faces. However, the heterogeneous nature of DP leads to a longstanding debate on which stages the deficit occurs, face perception (e.g., matching two consecutively presented faces) or face memory (e.g., matching a face to memorized faces). Here, we used the individual difference approach with functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural substrates of DPs' face perception and face memory that may illuminate DPs' heterogeneity. Specifically, we measured the behavioral performance of face perception and face memory in a large sample of individuals suffering DP (N = 64) and then associated the behavioral performance with their face-selective neural responses in the core face network (CFN) and the extended face network (EFN), respectively. Behaviorally, we found that DP individuals were impaired in both face perception and face memory; however, there was only a weak correlation between the performances of two tasks. Consistent with this observation, the neural correlate of DPs' performance in face memory task was localized in the bilateral fusiform face area, whereas DPs' performance in face perception task was correlated with the face selectivity in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus, suggesting that the neural substrates in the CFN for face memory and face perception were separate in DP. In contrast, shared neural substrates of deficits in face perception and face memory tasks were identified in the EFN, including the right precuneus and the right orbitofrontal cortex. In summary, our study provides one of the first empirical evidence that the separate and shared neural substrates of face perception and face memory were identified in the CFN and EFN, respectively, which may help illuminating DP's heterogeneous nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqin Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yiying Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Sims SA, Demirayak P, Cedotal S, Visscher KM. Frontal cortical regions associated with attention connect more strongly to central than peripheral V1. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118246. [PMID: 34111516 PMCID: PMC8415014 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of central vision is different from peripheral vision. Central vision is used for fixation and has higher acuity, making it useful for everyday activities such as reading and object identification. The central and peripheral representations in primary visual cortex (V1) also differ in how higher-order processing areas modulate their responses. For example, attention and expectation are top-down processes (i.e., high-order cognitive functions) that influence visual information processing during behavioral tasks. This top-down control is different for central vs. peripheral vision. Since functional networks can influence visual information processing in different ways, networks (such as the Fronto-Parietal (FPN), Default Mode (DMN), and Cingulo-Opercular (CON)) likely differ in how they connect to representations of the visual field across V1. Prior work indicated the central representing portion of V1 was more functionally connected to regions belonging to the FPN, and the far-peripheral representing portion of V1 was more functionally connected to regions belonging to the DMN. Our goals were (1) Assess the reproducibility and generalizability of retinotopic effects on functional connections between V1 and functional networks. (2) Extend this work to understand structural connections of central vs. peripheral representations in V1. (3) Examine the overlapping eccentricity differences in functional and structural connections of V1. (4) Examine the major white matter tracks connecting central V1 to frontal regions. We used resting-state BOLD fMRI and DWI to examine whether portions of V1 that represent different visual eccentricities differ in their functional and structural connectivity to functional networks. All data were acquired and minimally preprocessed by the Human Connectome Project. We identified central and far-peripheral representing regions from a retinotopic template. Functional connectivity was measured by correlated activity between V1 and functional networks, and structural connectivity was measured by probabilistic tractography and converted to track probability. In both modalities, differences between V1 eccentricity segment connections were compared by paired, two-tailed t-test. A spatial permutation approach was used to determine the statistical significance of the spatial overlap between modalities. The identified spatial overlap was then used in a deterministic tractography approach to identify the white matter pathways connecting the overlap to central V1. We found (1) Centrally representing portions of V1 are more strongly functionally connected to frontal regions than are peripherally representing portions of V1, (2) Structural connections also show stronger connections between central V1 and frontal regions, (3) Patterns of structural and functional connections overlaps in the lateral frontal cortex, (4) This lateral frontal overlap is connected to central V1 via the IFOF. In summary, the work’s main contribution is a greater understanding of higher-order functional networks’ connectivity to V1. There are stronger structural connections to central representations in V1, particularly for lateral frontal regions, implying that the functional relationship between central V1 and frontal regions is built upon direct, long-distance connections via the IFOF. Overlapping structural and functional connections reflect differences in V1 eccentricities, with central V1 preferentially connected to attention-associated regions. Understanding how V1 is functionally and structurally connected to higher-order brain areas contributes to our understanding of how the human brain processes visual information and forms a baseline for understanding any modifications in processing that might occur with training or experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Sims
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States.
| | - Pinar Demirayak
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Simone Cedotal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Kristina M Visscher
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
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10
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Borowiak K, Maguinness C, von Kriegstein K. Dorsal-movement and ventral-form regions are functionally connected during visual-speech recognition. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:952-972. [PMID: 31749219 PMCID: PMC7267922 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Faces convey social information such as emotion and speech. Facial emotion processing is supported via interactions between dorsal-movement and ventral-form visual cortex regions. Here, we explored, for the first time, whether similar dorsal-ventral interactions (assessed via functional connectivity), might also exist for visual-speech processing. We then examined whether altered dorsal-ventral connectivity is observed in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a disorder associated with impaired visual-speech recognition. We acquired functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with concurrent eye tracking in pairwise matched control and ASD participants. In both groups, dorsal-movement regions in the visual motion area 5 (V5/MT) and the temporal visual speech area (TVSA) were functionally connected to ventral-form regions (i.e., the occipital face area [OFA] and the fusiform face area [FFA]) during the recognition of visual speech, in contrast to the recognition of face identity. Notably, parts of this functional connectivity were decreased in the ASD group compared to the controls (i.e., right V5/MT-right OFA, left TVSA-left FFA). The results confirmed our hypothesis that functional connectivity between dorsal-movement and ventral-form regions exists during visual-speech processing. Its partial dysfunction in ASD might contribute to difficulties in the recognition of dynamic face information relevant for successful face-to-face communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Borowiak
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Corrina Maguinness
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
| | - Katharina von Kriegstein
- Chair of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzigGermany
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11
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Sobczak-Edmans M, Lo YC, Hsu YC, Chen YJ, Kwok FY, Chuang KH, Tseng WYI, Chen SHA. Cerebro-Cerebellar Pathways for Verbal Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 12:530. [PMID: 30670957 PMCID: PMC6333010 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study examined the structural and functional connectivity of the cerebro-cerebellar network of verbal working memory as proposed by Chen and Desmond (2005a). Diffusion spectrum imaging was employed to establish structural connectivity between cerebro-cerebellar regions co-activated during a verbal working memory task. The inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, pons, thalamus, superior cerebellum and inferior cerebellum were used as regions of interest to reconstruct and segment the contralateral white matter cerebro-cerebellar circuitry. The segmented pathways were examined further to establish the relationship between structural and effective connectivity as well as the relationship between structural connectivity and verbal working memory performance. No direct relationship between structural and effective connectivity was found but the results demonstrated that structural connectivity is indirectly related to effective connectivity as DCM models that resembled more closely with underlying white matter pathways had a higher degree of model inference confidence. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the structural connectivity of the ponto-cerebellar tract was associated with individual differences in response time for verbal working memory. The findings of the study contribute to further our understanding of the relationship between structural and functional connectivity and the impact of variability in verbal working memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Graduate Institute of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu Yu Kwok
- Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- The Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen-Yih Isaac Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Radiology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S H Annabel Chen
- Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Periaqueductal gray and emotions: the complexity of the problem and the light at the end of the tunnel, the magnetic resonance imaging. Endocr Regul 2018; 52:222-238. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2018-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is less referred in relationship with emotions than other parts of the brain (e.g. cortex, thalamus, amygdala), most probably because of the difficulty to reach and manipulate this small and deeply lying structure. After defining how to evaluate emotions, we have reviewed the literature and summarized data of the PAG contribution to the feeling of emotions focusing on the behavioral and neurochemical considerations. In humans, emotions can be characterized by three main domains: the physiological changes, the communicative expressions, and the subjective experiences. In animals, the physiological changes can mainly be studied. Indeed, early studies have considered the PAG as an important center of the emotions-related autonomic and motoric processes. However, in vivo imaging have changed our view by highlighting the PAG as a significant player in emotions-related cognitive processes. The PAG lies on the crossroad of networks important in the regulation of emotions and therefore it should not be neglected. In vivo imaging represents a good tool for studying this structure in living organism and may reveal new information about its role beyond its importance in the neurovegetative regulation.
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The neural network for face recognition: Insights from an fMRI study on developmental prosopagnosia. Neuroimage 2017; 169:151-161. [PMID: 29242103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Face recognition is supported by collaborative work of multiple face-responsive regions in the brain. Based on findings from individuals with normal face recognition ability, a neural model has been proposed with the occipital face area (OFA), fusiform face area (FFA), and face-selective posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) as the core face network (CFN) and the rest of the face-responsive regions as the extended face network (EFN). However, little is known about how these regions work collaboratively for face recognition in our daily life. Here we focused on individuals suffering developmental prosopagnosia (DP), a neurodevelopmental disorder specifically impairing face recognition, to shed light on the infrastructure of the neural model of face recognition. Specifically, we used a variant of global brain connectivity method to comprehensively explore resting-state functional connectivity (FC) among face-responsive regions in a large sample of DPs (N = 64). We found that both the FCs within the CFN and those between the CFN and EFN were largely reduced in DP. Importantly, the right OFA and FFA served as the dysconnectivity hubs within the CFN, i.e., FCs concerning these two regions within the CFN were largely disrupted. In addition, DPs' right FFA also showed reduced FCs with the EFN. Moreover, these disrupted FCs were related to DP's behavioral deficit in face recognition, with the FCs from the FFA to the anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and pSTS the most predictive. Based on these findings, we proposed a revised neural model of face recognition demonstrating the relatedness of interactions among face-responsive regions to face recognition.
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Retinotopic information interacts with category selectivity in human ventral cortex. Neuropsychologia 2016; 92:90-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hirata Y, Amigó JM, Matsuzaka Y, Yokota R, Mushiake H, Aihara K. Detecting Causality by Combined Use of Multiple Methods: Climate and Brain Examples. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158572. [PMID: 27380515 PMCID: PMC4933387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying causal relations from time series is the first step to understanding the behavior of complex systems. Although many methods have been proposed, few papers have applied multiple methods together to detect causal relations based on time series generated from coupled nonlinear systems with some unobserved parts. Here we propose the combined use of three methods and a majority vote to infer causality under such circumstances. Two of these methods are proposed here for the first time, and all of the three methods can be applied even if the underlying dynamics is nonlinear and there are hidden common causes. We test our methods with coupled logistic maps, coupled Rössler models, and coupled Lorenz models. In addition, we show from ice core data how the causal relations among the temperature, the CH4 level, and the CO2 level in the atmosphere changed in the last 800,000 years, a conclusion also supported by irregularly sampled data analysis. Moreover, these methods show how three regions of the brain interact with each other during the visually cued, two-choice arm reaching task. Especially, we demonstrate that this is due to bottom up influences at the beginning of the task, while there exist mutual influences between the posterior medial prefrontal cortex and the presupplementary motor area. Based on our results, we conclude that identifying causality with an appropriate ensemble of multiple methods ensures the validity of the obtained results more firmly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Hirata
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153–8505, Japan
| | - José M. Amigó
- Centro de Investigación Operativa, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Yoshiya Matsuzaka
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2–1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980–8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Yokota
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153–8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Mushiake
- Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2–1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980–8575, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Aihara
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153–8505, Japan
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Nordhjem B, Ćurčić-Blake B, Meppelink AM, Renken RJ, de Jong BM, Leenders KL, van Laar T, Cornelissen FW. Lateral and Medial Ventral Occipitotemporal Regions Interact During the Recognition of Images Revealed from Noise. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 9:678. [PMID: 26778997 PMCID: PMC4701927 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies suggest different functional roles for the medial and the lateral sections of the ventral visual cortex in object recognition. Texture and surface information is processed in medial sections, while shape information is processed in lateral sections. This begs the question whether and how these functionally specialized sections interact with each other and with early visual cortex to facilitate object recognition. In the current research, we set out to answer this question. In an fMRI study, 13 subjects viewed and recognized images of objects and animals that were gradually revealed from noise while their brains were being scanned. We applied dynamic causal modeling (DCM)-a method to characterize network interactions-to determine the modulatory effect of object recognition on a network comprising the primary visual cortex (V1), the lingual gyrus (LG) in medial ventral cortex and the lateral occipital cortex (LO). We found that object recognition modulated the bilateral connectivity between LG and LO. Moreover, the feed-forward connectivity from V1 to LG and LO was modulated, while there was no evidence for feedback from these regions to V1 during object recognition. In particular, the interaction between medial and lateral areas supports a framework in which visual recognition of objects is achieved by networked regions that integrate information on image statistics, scene content and shape-rather than by a single categorically specialized region-within the ventral visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nordhjem
- Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Branislava Ćurčić-Blake
- NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Marthe Meppelink
- NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Remco J Renken
- NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bauke M de Jong
- NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaus L Leenders
- NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Teus van Laar
- NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans W Cornelissen
- Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands; NeuroImaging Center, Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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