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Luo X, Shen Y, Sun L, Qi X, Hong J, Wang Y, Che X, Lei Y. Investigating the effects and efficacy of self-compassion intervention on generalized anxiety disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 359:308-318. [PMID: 38795780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is the least successfully treated anxiety disorder. This clinical trial investigated the effects and efficacy of a novel self-compassion intervention in GAD. METHODS A total of 75 GAD patients were assigned to a self-compassion intervention group (n = 25), a mindfulness intervention group (n = 25), or a treat-as-usual group (n = 25). Patients in the two active groups received eight intervention sessions in two weeks in addition to usual treatment i.e., pharmacotherapy. Primary outcomes were anxiety and worry, assessed at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included depression, sleep, as well as self-compassion and mindfulness. RESULTS Both the self-compassion and mindfulness intervention induced a more rapid decrease in anxiety and depression than pharmacological treatment alone with excellent response and remission rate. Self-compassion intervention also induced a more rapid improvement in sleep quality compared to mindfulness intervention and pharmacological treatment alone. We also presented a mechanism for the self-compassion intervention in which decreased anxiety led to improvement in sleep quality. There was also a higher pleasure, acceptance, and willingness to re-attend in the self-compassion compared to the mindfulness intervention. LIMITATIONS This study was single blinded and nonrandomized which may bring risks of bias. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we provided novel evidence that self-compassion intervention is an alternative psychotherapy for GAD with excellent response and acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- School of Nursing, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China
| | - Yonghui Shen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Xuejun Qi
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xianwei Che
- Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; TMS Centre, Deqing Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610054, China.
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Bertacchini P. Neurofascialvascular training for carpal tunnel syndrome as an evolution of neurodynamic treatment: A case report. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 39:4-12. [PMID: 38876659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this case report a new approach called neurofascialvascular training (NFVT) is described. NFVT consists of two mechanisms which improve mechanosensitivity in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The first involves increased blood flow in the nerve microcirculation, while the second stimulates the reciprocal sliding between the thin sheets of connective tissue inside the nerve. The goal of these two actions is to squeeze, mobilize and reduce intraneural edema. The novelty of this approach is the simultaneous involvement of multiple physiological systems to reduce nerve mechanosensitivity. This case report describes the rehabilitation progress achieved by NFVT in a patient with CTS. MAIN SYMPTOMS AND/OR IMPORTANT CLINICAL FINDINGS A 64-year-old woman complaining of nocturnal pain and tingling with severe impairment of sleep quality for two years was diagnosed at CTS. THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS The patient underwent nine 30-min exercise sessions of NFVT. OUTCOMES At each session and at the last follow-up 3 months after the end of treatment the following tests were performed: the upper limb neurodynamic test1 (ULNT1), the Hand Grip Meter and the Phdurkan test. Furthermore ultrasound, numerical rating scale and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) were also adopted. CONCLUSION NFVT can improve symptoms and motor dysfunction in a patient with CTS. TAKE-AWAY LESSON In the presence of mild carpal tunnel syndrome, active neurofascialvascular training that increases peripheral blood flow and targets fascial tissue within the peripheral nervous system can resolve symptoms and produce significant improvement within a few months of starting treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bertacchini
- Master OMPT, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Private Practice, Parma, Italy.
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Jiang X, Dai R, Zhao N, Pan W, Guo J, Fan J, Bao S. Mindfulness-based intervention for hypertension patients with depression and/or anxiety in the community: a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:299. [PMID: 38698436 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-08139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate mindfulness-based intervention for hypertension with depression and/or anxiety. METHODS 10-week mindfulness-based intervention, including health education for hypertension, exclusively for the control group, was administered to the intervention group to assist sixty hypertension patients with depression/anxiety. Among them, the intervention group comprised 8 men and 22 women, with a mean age of 60.02 years and a mean duration of hypertension of 6.29 years. The control group consisted of 14 men and 16 women with a mean age of 57.68 years and a mean duration of hypertension of 6.32 years. The severity of depressive and/or anxiety symptoms was assessed using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), along with blood pressure (BP) measurements taken twice daily. The study utilized a self-made self-efficacy scale and awareness of physical and mental health to evaluate mental health and state. RESULTS The depression PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores reduced by 21.1% or 17.8% in the mindfulness-based intervention group, compared to the control (Z = -2.040, P = 0.041) post 10-week period, suggesting significant reduction in anxiety/stress. These results were consistent with a reduction in systolic BP of 12.24 mm Hg (t = 6.041, P = 0.000). The self-efficacy score of the mindfulness intervention group significantly improved compared to the control (t = 7.818, P < 0.001), while the awareness of physical and mental health in the mindfulness intervention group significantly improved compared to the control (χ2 = 5.781, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Mindfulness-based, short-term focused interventions provide modest relief for depression and/or anxiety and are effective in lowering blood pressure and improving self-efficacy scores. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900028258. Registered 16 December 2019, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=43627 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Zhang
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and, Control of Environmental and Nutrition-Related Diseases in Northwest China, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China
- Department of Mental Health, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xiangrong Zhang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Center of Hekou Town, Xigu District, Lanzhou, 730094, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatic and Sleep Medicine, Gansu Gem Flower Hospital, Xigu District, Lanzhou, 730060, Gansu, China
| | - Runjing Dai
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730020, Gansu, China
| | - Weimin Pan
- Department of Mental Health, Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jiaohong Guo
- Department of Vasculo-Cardiology, Pingliang Second People's Hospital, Kongtong District, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China.
| | - Jingchun Fan
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and, Control of Environmental and Nutrition-Related Diseases in Northwest China, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China.
| | - Shisan Bao
- Center for Laboratory and Simulation Training, School of Public Health, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and, Control of Environmental and Nutrition-Related Diseases in Northwest China, Lanzhou, 730101, Gansu, China.
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Liu J, Liu W, Huang J, Wang Y, Zhao B, Zeng P, Cai G, Chen R, Hu K, Tu Y, Lin M, Kong J, Tao J, Chen L. The modulation effects of the mind-body and physical exercises on the basolateral amygdala-temporal pole pathway on individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100421. [PMID: 38077287 PMCID: PMC10709058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective To investigate the modulatory effects of different physical exercise modalities on connectivity of amygdala subregions and its association with pain symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods 140 patients with KOA were randomly allocated either to the Tai Chi, Baduanjin, Stationary cycling, or health education group and conducted a 12 week-long intervention in one of the four groups. The behavioral, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and blood data were collected at baseline and the end of the study. Results Compared to the control group, all physical exercise modalities lead to significant increases in Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain score (pain relief) and serum Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) levels. Additionally, all physical exercise modalities resulted in decreased resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the basolateral amygdala (BA)-temporal pole and BA-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The overlapping BA-temporal pole rsFC observed in both Tai Chi and Baduanjin groups was significantly associated with pain relief, while the BA-mPFC rsFC was significantly associated with PD-1 levels. In addition, we found increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values, a measurement of water diffusion anisotropy of tissue that responded to changes in brain microstructure, within the mind-body exercise groups' BA-temporal pole pathway. The average FA value of this pathway was positively correlated with KOOS pain score at baseline across all subjects. Conclusions Our findings suggest that physical exercise has the potential to modulate both functional and anatomical connectivity of the amygdala subregions, indicating a possible shared pathway for various physical exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Weilin Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jia Huang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Baoru Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Peiling Zeng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Guiyan Cai
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Ruilin Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Kun Hu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - YouXue Tu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Meiqin Lin
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
| | - Jing Tao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese, China
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Paley CA, Johnson MI. Perspective on salutogenic approaches to persistent pain with a focus on mindfulness interventions. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1188758. [PMID: 37706030 PMCID: PMC10495576 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1188758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we provide a unique perspective on the use of mindfulness interventions in a whole health framework embedded within the theory of salutogenesis and the concept of painogenic environments. We argue that mindfulness is a valuable tool to bridge exploration of inner experiences of bodily pain with socio-ecological influences on thoughts and emotions. We outline research from neuroimaging studies that mindfulness techniques mediate neural processing and neuroplastic changes that alleviate pain and related symptoms. We also review evidence examining behavioural changes associated with mindfulness meditation providing evidence that it promotes self-regulatory activity, including the regulation and control of emotion and catalysation of health behaviour changes; both of which are important in chronic illness. Our viewpoint is that mindfulness could be a core element of salutogenic approaches to promote health and well-being for people living with pain because it rebuilds a fractured sense of cohesion. Mindfulness empowers people in pain to embrace their existence; shifting the focus away from pain and giving their lives meaning. We propose that integrating mindfulness into activities of daily living and individual or community-based activities will promote living well in the modern world, with or without pain; thus, promoting individual potential for fulfilment. Future research should consider the effects of mindfulness on people with pain in real-life settings, considering social, environmental, and economic factors using a broader set of outcomes, including self-efficacy, sense of coherence and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole A. Paley
- Centre for Pain Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Academic Unit of Palliative Care, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark I. Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Paoletti P, Pellegrino M, Ben-Soussan TD. A Three-Fold Integrated Perspective on Healthy Development: An Opinion Paper. Brain Sci 2023; 13:857. [PMID: 37371337 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental health and wellbeing are increasingly threatened in the current post-pandemic times, with stress, especially in students, reaching preoccupying levels. In addition, while many educational programs are unidimensional (i.e., lacking integration between physical, emotional and cognitive elements), there are ways to promote physical, social and mental health in children and adolescents. In this opinion paper, we will discuss the importance of an integrative approach for health development and examine relevant factors, such as awareness and emotional intelligence. We will highlight evidence ranging from behavioral to electrophysiological, structural and molecular, and report several recent studies supporting the effectiveness of a holistic approach in supporting wellbeing and creativity in children and adults, and detailing a specific paradigm named the Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT is a specifically structured movement meditation, involving cognitive, motor and affective components. Finally, we will support a holistic view on education, integrating motion, emotion and cognition to develop a person-centered, or in this case student-centered, approach to wellbeing and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizio Paoletti
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
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Pellegrino M, Ben-Soussan TD, Paoletti P. A Scoping Review on Movement, Neurobiology and Functional Deficits in Dyslexia: Suggestions for a Three-Fold Integrated Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3315. [PMID: 36834011 PMCID: PMC9966639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia is a common complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Many theories and models tried to explain its symptomatology and find ways to improve poor reading abilities. The aim of this scoping review is to summarize current findings and several approaches and theories, focusing on the interconnectedness between motion, emotion and cognition and their connection to dyslexia. Consequently, we present first a brief overview of the main theories and models regarding dyslexia and its proposed neural correlates, with a particular focus on cerebellar regions and their involvement in this disorder. After examining different types of intervention programs and remedial training, we highlight the effects of a specific structured sensorimotor intervention named Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT utilizes several cognitive and motor functions known to be relevant in developmental dyslexia. We introduce its potential beneficial effects on reading skills, including working memory, coordination and attention. We sum its effects ranging from behavioral to functional, structural and neuroplastic, especially in relation to dyslexia. We report several recent studies that employed this training technique with dyslexic participants, discussing the specific features that distinguish it from other training within the specific framework of the Sphere Model of Consciousness. Finally, we advocate for a new perspective on developmental dyslexia integrating motion, emotion and cognition to fully encompass this complex disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pellegrino
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation for Development and Communication, 06081 Assisi, Italy
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Abbey H. Communication strategies in psychologically informed osteopathic practice: A case report. INT J OSTEOPATH MED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sars D. PE augmented mindfulness: A neurocognitive framework for research and future healthcare. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:899988. [PMID: 36082227 PMCID: PMC9446465 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.899988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various well-controlled studies have suggested that practitioners in mindfulness can be prone to patient drop-out (e.g., due to chronic stress, pathology, cognitive reactivity), despite researchers having identified the underlying mechanisms that link mindfulness to mental health. In this article, a framework for physical exercise (PE) augmented mindfulness is proposed, which posits that consistently practiced PE before meditation can support (early-stage) mindfulness. Neurocognitive research shows PE (aerobic exercises or yoga) and mindfulness to impact similar pathways of stress regulation that involve cognitive control and stress regulation, thereby supporting the proposed synergistic potential of PE augmented mindfulness. Research focused on the psychophysiological impact of PE, showed its practice to promote short-term neurocognitive changes that can promote both cognitive control and the attainment of mindful awareness (MA). In order to chart dose responses required for protocol development, further research will be presented. Together these findings are discussed in light of future research on this multidisciplinary topic, protocol development, mindful walking, and further application in healthcare and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sars
- Mettaminds.org, Mindfulness Based Projects, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Centre for Integral Rehabilitation (CIR), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: David Sars,
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Li X, Geng J, Du X, Si H, Wang Z. Relationship Between the Practice of Tai Chi for More Than 6 Months With Mental Health and Brain in University Students: An Exploratory Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:912276. [PMID: 35814952 PMCID: PMC9263293 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.912276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To study whether Tai Chi (TC) practice can improve the brain connectivity of the prefrontal lobe of college students, the positive psychological capital questionnaires and resting EEG signals were acquired from 50 college students including 25 TC practitioners and 25 demographically matched TC healthy controls. The results showed that the score of the positive psychological capital questionnaire of the TC group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the node degree of the frontal lobe and temporal lobe of both groups was positively correlated with the score of the positive psychological capital questionnaire. In addition, the response time of the TC group under auditory stimulation was significantly shorter than that of the control group, and there was a significant positive correlation between response time and its characteristic path length, and a significant negative correlation with global efficiency. Meanwhile, during the selected range of sparsity, the difference in global network parameters between two groups is significant in the alpha band. Under all single sparsity, the clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and local efficiency of the TC group have a higher trend, while the characteristic path length tended to be shorter. In the analysis of the local characteristics of the resting brain functional network, it was found that the node degree of the frontal lobe and temporal lobe of the TC group was higher, and the difference was significant in some nodes. These results all point to the fact that TC practice has a certain impact on specific brain areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jintao Geng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Du
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Si
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyu Si,
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhenlong Wang,
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di Fronso S, Robazza C, Bondár RZ, Bertollo M. The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Strategies on Perceived Stress and Psychobiosocial States in Athletes and Recreationally Active People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127152. [PMID: 35742394 PMCID: PMC9223213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) programme is gaining increasing attention in sport and physical activity domains. This programme comprises three meditation practices: mindful yoga, body scan, and sitting meditation. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of a dynamic (mindful yoga) strategy and a static (a combination of body scan/sitting meditation) strategy on participants’ psychobiosocial states (PBS), perceived stress (PS) and mindfulness levels in athletes and recreationally active (RA) people. Thirty-four participants (athletes = 18; RA participants = 16) were assigned to a dynamic intervention strategy, and another 34 (athletes = 19; RA participants = 15) were assigned to the static intervention strategy. Before the intervention, after the intervention and three weeks later, the Italian versions of the PBS scale, the PS scale and the Mindful Attention Awareness scale were administered. RM-(M)ANOVAs revealed that intervention strategies improved functional PBS, reduced PS and enhanced mindfulness levels in both athletes and RA participants after the intervention (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.605). However, improved functional PBS after the intervention (p < 0.001; d = 0.62) and stable PS levels at follow-up (p = 1) were observed mainly in athletes. The findings reinforce the view of the importance of the body as a means to improve emotional and health processes, and support the use of mindfulness strategies in sport to enhance individuals’ well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selenia di Fronso
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudio Robazza
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Réka Zsanett Bondár
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Costa MDA, Gonçalves FG, Tatton-Ramos T, Fonseca NKDOD, Schwinn JK, Alves SG, Salum GA, Manfro GG. A Three-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention with an Active Comparison Group and Fluoxetine Treatment for Adults with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2021; 90:269-279. [PMID: 33321509 DOI: 10.1159/000511880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mindfulness-based interventions have been studied as an alternative treatment for anxiety disorders, but there are only a few studies comparing these with established treatments. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a Body in Mind Training (BMT) program for adults with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), an active comparison protocol called Quality of Life and Psychoeducation (QoL), and treatment with fluoxetine (FLX). METHODS This study comprises a 3-arm parallel-group, randomized clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03072264). Adults with a primary diagnosis of GAD and no current treatment were recruited from the community and randomized in a ratio 1:1:1. The primary outcomes were assessed by means of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) at week 8. Data were analyzed using a superiority analysis (BMT vs. QoL) and a noninferiority analysis (BMT vs. FLX). RESULTS A total of 249 participants were included and 223 were analyzed (76 BMT, 79 FLX, and 68 QoL). All groups improved after intervention. However, BMT was not superior to QoL at week 8 (mean difference = -1.36; p = 0.47), nor was it noninferior to FLX as assessed with theHAM-A (mean difference = 3.5; 95% CI -0.06 to 7.06; noninferiority margin = -2.43; p = 0.054). QoL (mean difference = 3.54; p = 0.04) and FLX (mean difference = -7.72; 95% CI -10.89 to -4.56; noninferiority margin = -2.09; p < 0.001) were superior to BMT in reducing PSWQ score. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that BMT, in its current format, cannot be considered an effective mindfulness protocol to improve GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna de Abreu Costa
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil, .,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil,
| | - Francine Guimarães Gonçalves
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Natasha Kim de Oliveira da Fonseca
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Karl Schwinn
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sofia Giusti Alves
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Anxiety Disorders Program (PROTAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Kong J. Can mind-body exercises be a solution for an aging / aged society? Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:290-291. [PMID: 34077791 PMCID: PMC9035317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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14
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Nutrition, Exercise, and Stress Management for Treatment and Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders. A Narrative Review Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology-Based. ENDOCRINES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychoneuroendocrineimmunology (PNEI) brings together knowledge acquired since the 1930s from endocrinology, immunology, neuroscience, and psychology. With PNEI, a model of research and interpretation of health and disease is emerging, which sees the human body as a structured and interconnected unit, where the psychological and biological systems are mutually coordinated. In the PNEI view, many factors could influence mental health, with the endocrine system involved in mediating the effects of environmental stress on mental health and inflammation in the onset and course of psychiatric disorders as a result of individual and collective conditions and behaviors. Among these, nutrition is one way by which the environment impacts physiology: indeed, many pieces of research showed that several elements (e.g., probiotics, fish oil, zinc) have a positive effect on mental disorders thus being potentially augmentation agents in treatment. Still, physical activity can moderate depressive symptoms, while prolonged stress increases the risk of psychopathology. Taken together, the PNEI-based approach may inform prevention and treatment strategies, also in the field of mental health care.
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Effects of Mind-Body Exercise on Brain Structure and Function: A Systematic Review on MRI Studies. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11020205. [PMID: 33562412 PMCID: PMC7915202 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mind–body exercise has been proposed to confer both physical and mental health benefits. However, there is no clear consensus on the neural mechanisms underlying the improvements in health. Herein, we conducted a systematic review to reveal which brain region or network is regulated by mind–body exercise. PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched to identify cross-sectional and intervention studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to explore the effect of mind–body exercise on brain structure and function, from their inception to June 2020. The risk of bias for cross-sectional studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist, whereas that of interventional studies was analyzed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed that mind–body exercise modulated brain structure, brain neural activity, and functional connectivity, mainly in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus/medial temporal lobe, lateral temporal lobe, insula, and the cingulate cortex, as well as the cognitive control and default mode networks, which might underlie the beneficial effects of such exercises on health. However, due to the heterogeneity of included studies, more randomized controlled trials with rigorous designs, similar measured outcomes, and whole-brain analyses are warranted.
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16
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Ben-Soussan TD, Marson F, Piervincenzi C, Glicksohn J, De Fano A, Amenduni F, Quattrocchi CC, Carducci F. Correlates of Silence: Enhanced Microstructural Changes in the Uncinate Fasciculus. Front Psychol 2020; 11:543773. [PMID: 33132952 PMCID: PMC7578698 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.543773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silence is an important aspect of various meditation practices, but little work has focused specifically on the underlying neurophysiology of silence-related meditative practice, and on how it relates to the self-reported experiences of practitioners. To expand current knowledge regarding the neurophenomenology of silence in meditation, we directly investigated first-person reports of silence-related experiences during the practice of Quadrato Motor Training (QMT) and their association with changes in fractional anisotropy (FA). Participants recorded their cognitive, emotional, and physical experiences upon beginning QMT and again after 6 weeks of QMT practice. These reports were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings showed that change between the two time points in self-reported silence-related experiences was negatively correlated with change in attentional effort, and positively correlated with changes in the left uncinate fasciculus. These results expand current knowledge regarding the neuroanatomical correlates of silence-related experiences during meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation, Assisi, Italy
| | - Fabio Marson
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation, Assisi, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Piervincenzi
- Human Neuroscience Department, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseph Glicksohn
- Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Antonio De Fano
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation, Assisi, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Science, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND) Center, University of Chieti-Pescara G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Carlo C Quattrocchi
- Departmental Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Università "Campus Bio-Medico di Roma," Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Carducci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroimaging Laboratory, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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17
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Jalles C, Chendo I, Levy P, Reimão S. Neuromelanin changes in first episode psychosis with substance abuse. Schizophr Res 2020; 220:283-284. [PMID: 32253077 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constança Jalles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Clinical Pharmachology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Inês Chendo
- Clinical Pharmachology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal; Psychiatry Department, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal; Psychiatry University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Levy
- Psychiatry Department, Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Reimão
- Clinical Pharmachology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal; Imaging University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal; Neurological Imaging Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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Leshem R, De Fano A, Ben-Soussan TD. The Implications of Motor and Cognitive Inhibition for Hot and Cool Executive Functions: The Case of Quadrato Motor Training. Front Psychol 2020; 11:940. [PMID: 32508720 PMCID: PMC7250031 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enabling the ceasing of ongoing or prepotent responses and the controlling of interference, motor inhibition facilitates the development of executive functions (EFs) such as thought before action, decision-making, self-regulation of affect, motivation, and arousal. In the current paper, a characterization is offered of the relationship between motor inhibition and the executive functioning system, in the context of a proposed division into predominantly affective (hot) and cognitive (cool) components corresponding to neural trajectories originating in the prefrontal cortex. This division is central to understanding the effects of a specifically-structured sensorimotor movement training practice, known as Quadrato Motor Training (QMT), on hot and cool EFs. QMT's effects on crucial mechanisms of integrating different EF components are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Leshem
- Department of Criminology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Antonio De Fano
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation, Assisi, Italy
| | - Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan
- Research Institute for Neuroscience, Education and Didactics, Patrizio Paoletti Foundation, Assisi, Italy
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19
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Brehl AK, Kohn N, Schene AH, Fernández G. A mechanistic model for individualised treatment of anxiety disorders based on predictive neural biomarkers. Psychol Med 2020; 50:727-736. [PMID: 32204741 PMCID: PMC7168651 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased amygdala responsiveness is the hallmark of fear and a characteristic across patients with anxiety disorders. The amygdala is embedded in a complex regulatory circuit. Multiple different mechanisms may elevate amygdala responsiveness and lead to the occurrence of an anxiety disorder. While top-down control by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) downregulates amygdala responses, the locus coeruleus (LC) drives up amygdala activation via noradrenergic projections. This indicates that the same fearful phenotype may result from different neural mechanisms. We propose a mechanistic model that defines three different neural biomarkers causing amygdala hyper-responsiveness in patients with anxiety disorders: (a) inherent amygdala hypersensitivity, (b) low prefrontal control and (c) high LC drive. First-line treatment for anxiety disorders is exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapy, which strengthens PFC recruitment during emotion regulation and thus targets low-prefrontal control. A treatment response rate around 50% (Loerinc et al., 2015, Clinical Psychological Reviews, 42, 72-82) might indicate heterogeneity of underlying neurobiological mechanisms among patients, presumably leading to high variation in treatment benefit. Transforming insights from cognitive neuroscience into applicable clinical heuristics to categorise patients based on their underlying biomarker may support individualised treatment selection in psychiatry. We review literature on the three anxiety-related mechanisms and present a mechanistic model that may serve as a rational for pathology-based diagnostic and biomarker-guided treatment selection in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Brehl
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Kohn
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Guillen Fernández
- Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Liu J, Chen L, Tu Y, Chen X, Hu K, Tu Y, Lin M, Xie G, Chen S, Huang J, Liu W, Wu J, Xiao T, Wilson G, Lang C, Park J, Tao J, Kong J. Different exercise modalities relieve pain syndrome in patients with knee osteoarthritis and modulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: A multiple mode MRI study. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 82:253-263. [PMID: 31472246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.08.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative joint disease with no satisfactory intervention. Recently, both physical and mindfulness exercises have received considerable attention for their implications in KOA pain management, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has displayed a critical role in pain modulation. This study aimed to comparatively investigate the modulation effects of different exercises using multidisciplinary measurements. METHODS 140 KOA patients were randomized into Tai Chi, Baduanjin, stationary cycling, or health education control groups for 12 weeks. Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), structural MRI, and serum biomarkers were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. RESULTS We found: 1) increased KOOS pain subscores (pain reduction) and serum programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) levels in the three exercise groups compared to the control group; 2) decreased resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the DLPFC-supplementary motor area (SMA) and increased rsFC between the DLPFC and anterior cingulate cortex in all exercise groups compared to the control group; 3) significant associations between DLPFC-SMA rsFC with KOOS pain subscores and serum PD-1 levels at baseline; 4) significantly increased grey matter volume in the SMA in the Tai Chi and stationary cycling groups, and a trend toward significant increase in the Baduanjin group compared to the control group; 5) significant DLPFC rsFC differences among different exercise groups; and 6) that baseline DLPFC-SMA rsFC can predict the effect of mind-body exercise on pain improvement in KOA. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that different exercises can modulate both common and unique DLPFC (cognitive control) pathways, and altered DLPFC-SMA rsFC is associated with serum biomarker levels. Our findings also highlight the potentials of neuroimaging biomarkers in predicting the therapeutic effect of mind-body exercises on KOA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Yiheng Tu
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Xiangli Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
| | - Kun Hu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Youxue Tu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Meiqin Lin
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Guanli Xie
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Shanjia Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jia Huang
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Tianshen Xiao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
| | - Georgia Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Courtney Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Joel Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jing Tao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rehabilitation Medicine Technology, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China; Traditional Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Research Center of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China.
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the functional connectivity of the periaqueductal grey and ventral tegmental area in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 123:506-518. [PMID: 31395306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis is a prevalent disorder with unsatisfactory treatment options. Both physical and mindful exercises may be able to relieve its pain symptoms. We compared the modulatory effects of different exercise modalities on the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), which play important roles in descending opioidergic pathways and reward/motivation systems in patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS We recruited and randomised 140 patients into Tai Chi, Baduanjin, stationary cycling, and health education control groups for 12 weeks. Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), functional and structural MRI, and blood biomarkers were measured at the beginning and end of the experiment. We used the PAG and VTA as seeds in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) analysis. RESULTS Compared with the control group: (i) all exercises significantly increased KOOS pain sub-scores (pain reduction) and serum programmed death 1 (PD-1) concentrations; (ii) all exercises decreased right PAG rsFC with the medial orbital prefrontal cortex, and the decreased rsFC was associated with improvements in knee pain; and (iii) grey matter volume in the medial orbital prefrontal cortex was significantly increased in all exercise groups. There was also significantly decreased rsFC between the left VTA and the medial orbital prefrontal cortex in the Tai Chi and Baduanjin groups. CONCLUSIONS Exercise can simultaneously modulate the rsFC of the descending opioidergic pathway and reward/motivation system and blood inflammation markers. Elucidating the shared and unique mechanisms of different exercise modalities may facilitate the development of exercise-based interventions for chronic pain. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-IOR-16009308.
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22
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Kong J, Wilson G, Park J, Pereira K, Walpole C, Yeung A. Treating Depression With Tai Chi: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:237. [PMID: 31031663 PMCID: PMC6474282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental illnesses in America. Current treatments for MDD are unsatisfactory given high non-response rates, high relapse rates, and undesirable side effects. Accumulating evidence suggests that Tai Chi, a popular mind-body intervention that originated as a martial art, can significantly regulate emotion and relieve the symptoms of mood disorders. In addition, the availability of instructional videos and the development of more simplified and less structured Tai Chi has made it a promising low-intensity mind-body exercise. In this article, we first examine a number of clinical trials that implemented Tai Chi as a treatment for depression. Then, we explore several mechanisms by which Tai Chi may alleviate depressive symptoms, hypothesizing that the intervention may modulate the activity and connectivity of key brain regions involved in mood regulation, reduce neuro-inflammatory sensitization, modulate the autonomic nervous system, and regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we discuss common challenges of the intervention and possible ways to address them. Specifically, we pose developing a simplified and tailored Tai Chi protocol for patients with depression, comparatively investigating Tai Chi with other mind-body interventions such as yoga and Baduanjin, and developing new mind-body interventions that merge the advantages of multiple mind-body exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Kong
- Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Georgia Wilson
- Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Joel Park
- Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Kaycie Pereira
- Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Courtney Walpole
- Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Albert Yeung
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Cikajlo I, Cizman Staba U, Vrhovac S, Larkin F, Roddy M. A Cloud-Based Virtual Reality App for a Novel Telemindfulness Service: Rationale, Design and Feasibility Evaluation. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e108. [PMID: 28583904 PMCID: PMC5476869 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide, there has been a marked increase in stress and anxiety, also among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Access to psychology services is limited, with some estimates suggesting that over 50% of sufferers are not accessing the existing services available to them for reasons such as inconvenience, embarrassment, or stigmatization concerns around mental health. Health service providers have increasingly been turning to drug-free therapies, such as mindfulness programs, as complementary treatments. Objective Virtual reality (VR) as a new delivery method for meditation-based stress and anxiety reduction therapy offers configurable environments and privacy protection. Our objective was to design a serious learning-meditation environment and to test the feasibility of the developed telemindfulness approach based on cloud technologies. Methods We developed a cloud-based system, which consisted of a Web interface for the mindfulness instructor and remote clients, who had 3D VR headsets. The mindfulness instructor could communicate over the Web interface with the participants using the headset. Additionally, the Web app enabled group sessions in virtual rooms, 360-degree videos, and real interactions or standalone meditation. The mindfulness program was designed as an 8-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction course specifically for the developed virtual environments. The program was tested with four employees and four patients with TBI. The effects were measured with psychometric tests, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Patients also carried out the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). An additional objective evaluation has also been carried out by tracking head motion. Additionally, the power spectrum analyses of similar tasks between sessions were tested. Results The patients achieved a higher level of life satisfaction during the study (SWLS: mean 23.0, SD 1.8 vs mean 18.3, SD 3.9) and a slight increase of the MAAS score (mean 3.4, SD 0.6 vs mean 3.3, SD 0.4). Particular insight into the MAAS items revealed that one patient had a lower MAAS score (mean 2.3). Employees showed high MAAS scores (mean 4.3, SD 0.7) and although their SWLS dropped to mean 26, their SWLS was still high (mean 27.3, SD 2.8). The power spectrum showed that the employees had a considerable reduction in high-frequency movements less than 0.34 Hz, particularly with the 360-degree video. As expected, the patients demonstrated a gradual decrease of high-frequency movements while sitting during the mindfulness practices in the virtual environment. Conclusions With such a small sample size, it is too early to make any specific conclusions, but the presented results may accelerate the use of innovative technologies and challenge new ideas in research and development in the field of mindfulness/telemindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Cikajlo
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ursa Cizman Staba
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Suzana Vrhovac
- University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Frances Larkin
- Mind Myths Ltd, Office 9: Sligo Enterprise & Technology Centre, Strandhill, Co Sligo, Ireland
| | - Mark Roddy
- Mind Myths Ltd, Office 9: Sligo Enterprise & Technology Centre, Strandhill, Co Sligo, Ireland
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Abstract
A strong and growing evidence base exists for the use of mindfulness-based interventions to prevent relapse in major depression and for the self-management of chronic physical health conditions (e.g. pain), but the evidence in other domains of mental health work is still emerging. Much work is being conducted outside the evidence base and standardised protocols, and by individuals with varied levels of experience and training. The (mis)perception of mindfulness as a 'simple technique' belies the complexity and skill needed to deliver a mindfulness training that has real therapeutic and transformative power. We propose a framework to help clinicians think through the suitability of mindfulness for their particular client group with the intention of providing guidance for thoughtful decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara A Russell
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
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25
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Clark D, Schumann F, Mostofsky SH. Mindful movement and skilled attention. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:297. [PMID: 26190986 PMCID: PMC4484342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bodily movement has long been employed as a foundation for cultivating mental skills such as attention, self-control or mindfulness, with recent studies documenting the positive impacts of mindful movement training, such as yoga and tai chi. A parallel “mind-body connection” has also been observed in many developmental disorders. We elaborate a spectrum of mindfulness by considering ADHD, in which deficient motor control correlates with impaired (disinhibited) behavioral control contributing to defining features of excessive distractibility and impulsivity. These data provide evidence for an important axis of variation for wellbeing, in which skillful cognitive control covaries with a capacity for skillful movement. We review empirical and theoretical literature on attention, cognitive control, mind wandering, mindfulness and skill learning, endorsing a model of skilled attention in which motor plans, attention, and executive goals are seen as mutually co-defining aspects of skilled behavior that are linked by reciprocal inhibitory and excitatory connections. Thus, any movement training should engage “higher-order” inhibition and selection and develop a repertoire of rehearsed procedures that coordinate goals, attention and motor plans. However, we propose that mindful movement practice may improve the functional quality of rehearsed procedures, cultivating a transferrable skill of attention. We adopt Langer’s spectrum of mindful learning that spans from “mindlessness” to engagement with the details of the present task and contrast this with the mental attitudes cultivated in standard mindfulness meditation. We particularly follow Feldenkrais’ suggestion that mindful learning of skills for organizing the body in movement might transfer to other forms of mental activity. The results of mindful movement training should be observed in multiple complementary measures, and may have tremendous potential benefit for individuals with ADHD and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dav Clark
- D-Lab, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA ; Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Frank Schumann
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental Medicine and Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute Baltimore, MD, USA ; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
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