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Guichardet V, André L, Biehler E, Maréchal F. [The benefits of reading aloud in geriatric wards and institutions]. SOINS. GERONTOLOGIE 2023; 28:10-12. [PMID: 37977759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sger.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The number of elderly patients hospitalized in geriatric wards and institutions on a temporary or more permanent basis is increasing. We know that thymic symptoms, such as depression, behavioral disorders and boredom, are common in these patients. We also know that the drug therapies used to treat these symptoms are sometimes a source of iatrogenesis and can be ineffective. That's why "non-drug" therapies are so useful. What if reading aloud could be part of the management of our elderly patients?
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Guichardet
- USLD Pierre-de-Beaujeu, 187 rue Pierre-Berthier, 69400 Villefranche-sur-Saône, France
| | - Louise André
- Court séjour gériatrique, Centre hospitalier de Villefranche-sur-Saône, Plateau d'Ouilly, 69400 Gleizé, France
| | - Eugenie Biehler
- USLD Pierre-de-Beaujeu, 187 rue Pierre-Berthier, 69400 Villefranche-sur-Saône, France
| | - François Maréchal
- Court séjour gériatrique, Centre hospitalier de Villefranche-sur-Saône, Plateau d'Ouilly, 69400 Gleizé, France.
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2
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Nose D, Inoue H, Imaki K, Saku K, Miura SI. Effects of a 14-week community health program of exercise and learning/education in older adults: A single-arm pre-post comparison study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 51:1-8. [PMID: 36871326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was initiated in 2022 in Miyaki Town, Saga Prefecture, Japan, to determine the impact of an intervention that combined brain and physical function training and health education in older residents. Miyaki has a population of approximately 26,000, 35% of whom are considered to be aging. A 14-week program consisting of strength training, brain function training, and health lectures was conducted with 34 older residents of the community. Body composition, motor function, brain function, and various blood tests were evaluated before and after the intervention. Brain function was assessed using the Trail Making Test-A. Physical function was assessed by Open-Close Stepping, Functional Reach Test, Open-Leg Standing Time, and Two-Step Test. The intervention group showed significant improvements in brain function (p< 0.0001), physical function (p = 0.0037), body composition (p = 0.0053), and LDL-C (p = 0.017). This study provides substantial evidence that community-based combined programs can be beneficial for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nose
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka Heartnet Hospital, Fukuoka 819-0002, Japan.
| | - Hideki Inoue
- Health and Fitness Training Care Club, Medical Community Center, Miyaki, Saga 849-0111, Japan
| | - Kota Imaki
- Mizokami Pharmacy, Medical Community Center, Miyaki, Saga 849-0111, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
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3
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Chuang IC, Chen IC, Su KH, Wu YR, Wu CY. The effects of high versus low frequency of combined physical and cognitive training on cognitive function in older adults with cognitive decline: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:94. [PMID: 36788482 PMCID: PMC9926662 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of combined training can be affected by training characteristics such as frequency, session length, and duration. No empirical studies to date have directly compared how combined physical and cognitive training offered at different training frequencies affects cognitive function for older adults with cognitive decline. This study investigated the impact of training frequency on cognitive outcomes after combined physical and cognitive training for older adults with cognitive decline. METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in community facilities and day care centers. The study assigned 89 older adults with cognitive decline into high-frequency (HF) or low-frequency (LF) training groups. The participants received 90- to 105-min training sessions, one (LF) or three (HF) times a week, for 12 weeks. Outcome measures were the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Word List subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale, Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and Stroop Color Word Test. RESULTS The HF group demonstrated greater improvement in immediate memory measured by the WL-IM (F = 8.7, P = 0.004) and in executive function measured by the SCWT (F = 5.89, P = 0.017) than the LF group. Compared with the HF group, the LF group showed a great improvement in delayed memory measured by the WL-DM (F = 9.62, P = 0.003). The HF and LF groups both increased in processing speed and global cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that the different training frequency of combined physical and cognitive training may result in benefits on different cognitive functions in older adults with cognitive decline. These findings may assist clinical practitioners in choosing appropriate training frequencies based on various intervention purposes for the elderly with cognitive decline. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03619577 (08/08/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Chuang
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1St Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Chen
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Hsien Su
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1St Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259 Wen-Hwa 1St Road, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lin YK, Peters K, Chen IH. Television watching, reading, cognition, depression and life satisfaction among middle-aged and older populations: A group-based trajectory modelling analysis of national data. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5661-e5672. [PMID: 36057964 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to identify heterogeneous cognition, depression, and life satisfaction trajectory groups, and to examine the independent contributions of watching television and reading to these trajectories among middle-aged and older adults. A sample was taken from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (TLSA) with measures of cognition, depression, life satisfaction, watching television, and reading during 12 years of follow-up (N = 4440). Group-based trajectory models and multinomial logistic regressions were used. The findings showed that the cohort was separated into three global cognition groups of low-cognition (n = 376), declining-cognition (n = 805), and maintained-cognition (n = 2718); three episodic memory groups of high-declining (n = 540), middle-stable (n = 2066), and improving groups (n = 1293); three depression groups of low-to-low (n = 2571), median-to-high (n = 960), and high-to-high groups (n = 368); and three life satisfaction groups of low- (n = 1133), middle- (n = 977), and high-level groups (n = 1789). Also, the findings demonstrated that after adjusting for covariates, those who did not watch television or read at the baseline had independently significantly increased odds of having lower global cognitive function, higher depression, and lower life satisfaction over time versus those who watched television or read almost every day. Based on the findings obtained, group-based trajectories of cognition, depression, and life satisfaction scores identified distinct subgroups among TLSA participants. Moreover, the findings suggest that healthcare providers need to develop more targeted population interventions to ensure successful aging. Healthcare providers can encourage older adults, particularly new retirees, to participate in leisure activities (i.e., watching television and reading) to reduce prevalence rates of cognitive impairment and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Kuang Lin
- Biostatistics Center, Office of Data Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kath Peters
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - I-Hui Chen
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Nouchi R, Hu Q, Ushida Y, Suganuma H, Kawashima R. Effects of sulforaphane intake on processing speed and negative moods in healthy older adults: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:929628. [PMID: 35966784 PMCID: PMC9372582 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.929628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported that sulforaphane (SFN) intake with cognitive training had positive effects on cognitive functions. However, it is still unknown whether SFN intake alone has beneficial effects on cognition as well as mood. We investigated whether a SFN intake intervention improved cognitive performance and mood states in healthy older adults. Methods In a 12-week, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial (RCT), we randomly assigned 144 older adults to a SFN group or a placebo group. We asked the participants to take a supplement (SFN or placebo) for 12 weeks. We measured several cognitive functions, mood states, and biomarkers before and after the intervention period. Results The SFN group showed improvement in processing speed and a decrease in negative mood compared to the placebo group. In addition, the SFN group exhibited a higher SFN-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) level compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant results in other biomarkers of oxidant stress, inflammation, or neural plasticity. Discussion These results indicate that nutrition interventions using SFN can have positive effects on cognitive functioning and mood in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Rui Nouchi,
| | - Qingqiang Hu
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, KAGOME CO., LTD., Nasushiobara, Japan
| | | | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Effectiveness of a Serious Game Design and Game Mechanic Factors for Attention and Executive Function Improvement in the Elderly: A Pretest-Posttest Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Attention allows us to focus and process information from our environment, and executive function enables us to plan, work, and manage our daily lives. As individuals become older, both of these cognitive abilities decline. It is essential for the elderly to perform more cognitive exercises. Previous studies have shown that arithmetic calculations require attention span and that playing video games requires executive function. Therefore, we developed a serious game involving mental arithmetic calculations specifically for improving attention span and executive functions. Our objective was to analyze the effectiveness of the game and the efficacy of the game’s mechanic factors affecting attention span and executive function in the elderly. Forty elderly volunteers who are over 60 years of age were invited to join an eight-week cognitive training program through an elderly social welfare center. Four assessment tests were used in pre-test and post-test before and after the training period. D-CAT and SAT are used for screening attention span; TMT-A and TMT-B are used for screening executive function. They were instructed to play the game for at least 15 min per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 8 weeks. There were three independent variables (difficulty, pressure, and competition) with two parameters that could be selected. A paired-sample t-test showed the effective results by comparing the pre-test scores and post-test scores of the cognitive training. There were significant improvements in attention span and executive functions. The mixed repeated-measure ANOVA and MANCOVA results showed that two game mechanic factors (difficulty and pressure) had a significant effect and an interaction effect, but the other factor (competition) had a non-significant effect. In conclusion, the game showed a significant enhancement in both attention span and executive functions after training, and the difficulty factor and the pressure factor were shown to have an effect, but the competition factor was shown to have no effect.
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Kawata NYS, Nouchi R, Oba K, Matsuzaki Y, Kawashima R. Auditory Cognitive Training Improves Brain Plasticity in Healthy Older Adults: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:826672. [PMID: 35431898 PMCID: PMC9010026 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.826672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of older adults is increasing globally. Aging is associated with cognitive and sensory decline. Additionally, declined auditory performance and cognitive function affect the quality of life of older adults. Therefore, it is important to develop an intervention method to improve both auditory and cognitive performances. The current study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of auditory and cognitive training on auditory ability and cognitive functions in healthy older adults. Fifty healthy older adults were randomly divided into four training groups—an auditory-cognitive training group (AC training; n = 13), an auditory training group (A training; n = 13), a cognitive training group (C training; n = 14), and an active control group (n = 12). During the training period, we reduced the sound intensity level in AC and A training groups and increase training task difficulty in AC, A, and C training groups based on participants’ performance. Cognitive function measures [digit-cancelation test (D-CAT); logical memory (LM); digit span (DS)], auditory measures [pure-tone audiometry (PTA)], and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed before and after the training periods. We found three key findings. First, the AC training group showed difference between other training groups (A, C, and active control training groups) in regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the left inferior temporal gyrus (L. ITG), the left superior frontal gyrus, the left orbitofrontal cortex, the right cerebellum (lobule 7 Crus 1). Second, the auditory training factor groups (ATFGs, the AC and A training groups) improved auditory measures and increased the rGMV and functional connectivity (FC) in the left temporal pole compared to the non-ATFGs (the C training group and active control group). Third, the cognitive training factor groups (CTFGs; the AC and C training groups) showed statistically significant improvement in cognitive performances in LM and D-CAT compared to the non-CTFGs (the A training group and active control group). Therefore, the auditory training factor and cognitive training factor would be useful in enhancing the quality of life of older adults. The current AC training study, the plasticity of the brain structure was observed after 4 weeks of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Y. S. Kawata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Natasha Y. S. Kawata,
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Rui Nouchi,
| | - Kentaro Oba
- Department of Human Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Mendes L, Oliveira J, Barbosa F, Castelo-Branco M. A Conceptual View of Cognitive Intervention in Older Adults With and Without Cognitive Decline-A Systemic Review. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:844725. [PMID: 35821828 PMCID: PMC9261456 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.844725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Dementia is the one of the most common and prominent disease in the elderly person that results in the Cognitive interventions. In this study, we aim to conceptualize the cognitive intervention for older adults with and without cognitive dysfunction and to clarify the heterogeneity existing in this literature field by determining the main variables implicated. Methods: We conducted a study analysis using previous literature highlighting the significant data reporting empirical results from cognitive intervention for healthy older adults and other seniors with different types of dementia. Each paper was reviewed in terms of compensatory cognitive training, cognitive remediation, enrichment, cognitive activation, brain training, cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, and cognitive rehabilitation. The research analysis was performed following rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria with the purpose of collecting relevant answers to our research questions. Results: We included a total of 168 studies in our review. Our findings indicated heterogeneity regarding methods, concepts, and procedures. Additionally, the values were integrated using different information existing in this field. Conclusion: In conclusion, we highlighted that this is the first review that clarify the discrepancy of various existing definitions, methods, and procedures, as well as the overlapping information in the cognitive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Mendes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Oliveira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Murata S, Ono R, Yasuda H, Tanemura R, Kido Y, Kowa H. Effect of a Combined Exercise and Cognitive Activity Intervention on Cognitive Function in Community-dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther Res 2021; 24:112-119. [PMID: 34532206 DOI: 10.1298/ptr.e10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an intervention combining exercise and cognitive activity on cognitive function in healthy older adults. METHODS This pilot randomized controlled trial recruited 33 eligible, healthy communitydwelling older adults (mean age, 77.1 years old; women, 51.5%), who were divided into intervention and waitlist control groups. The intervention group was engaged weekly in a group activity comprising exercise and discussions of homework, which included reading aloud, simple arithmetic, and simple activities, like spotting differences, for cognitive stimulation. They were also required to complete cognitive activity homework twice a week. The waitlist control group received no intervention. The main outcomes were cognitive function assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination, delayed recall score on the Logical Memory IIA of the Wechsler Memory Scale Revised, Trail Making Test, and digit symbol substitution test. RESULTS According to the results, Mini-Mental State Examination scores were maintained in the intervention group but declined in the control group [Mean change in outcomes in control group (95% confidence interval): -1.68 (-2.89 to -0.48)]. Additional mean change in outcomes in intervention group were found [1.68 (0.02 to 3.35)]. CONCLUSIONS Interventions combining exercise and cognitive activity can be helpful for preserving cognitive function in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Murata
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan.,Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Hisafumi Yasuda
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanemura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Science, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kido
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Science, Japan
| | - Hisatomo Kowa
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Science, Japan
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Yamaya N, Tsuchiya K, Takizawa I, Shimoda K, Kitazawa K, Tozato F. Effect of one-session focused attention meditation on the working memory capacity of meditation novices: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e2288. [PMID: 34343414 PMCID: PMC8413779 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have revealed that one-session focused attention meditation (FAM) can improve top-down attention control, which is one of the factors of working memory capacity (WMC). In addition, FAM shares various neural substrates, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), with WMC. Thus, we hypothesized that one-session FAM would improve WMC by activating the DLPFC evoked by the top-down attention control. In this study, we examined whether FAM modified WMC in individuals with little to no meditation experience. METHODS The participants were randomly assigned to either the FAM group (N = 13) or the control group (N = 17) who engaged in random thinking (i.e., mind-wandering). Before and after each 15-min intervention, the participants' WMC was measured according to the total number of correct answers in the Reading Span Test. During each intervention, functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure the blood flow in the participants' DLPFC and determine the top-down attention control effect. RESULTS In the FAM group, WMC increased, and the bilateral DLPFC was activated during the intervention. As for the control group, WMC decreased after the intervention, and the bilateral DLPFC was not activated during the intervention. A correlation was also found among all participants between the increase in WMC and the activation of the bilateral DLPFC. CONCLUSION The study findings suggest that top-down attention control during FAM can activate the bilateral DLPFC and increase WMC among meditation novices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Yamaya
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of MedicineGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Kenji Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesGunma University Graduate School of Health SciencesMaebashiJapan
| | - Ibuki Takizawa
- Department of Occupational TherapyUmayabashi HospitalMaebashiJapan
| | - Kaori Shimoda
- Department of Rehabilitation SciencesGunma University Graduate School of Health SciencesMaebashiJapan
| | - Kazuki Kitazawa
- Department of Occupational TherapyGeriatrics Institute and HospitalMaebashiJapan
| | - Fusae Tozato
- Department of Health SciencesNagano University of Health and MedicineNaganoJapan
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Nouchi R, Hu Q, Saito T, Kawata NYDS, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Brain Training and Sulforaphane Intake Interventions Separately Improve Cognitive Performance in Healthy Older Adults, Whereas a Combination of These Interventions Does Not Have More Beneficial Effects: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020352. [PMID: 33503851 PMCID: PMC7912304 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Earlier studies have demonstrated that a single-domain intervention, such as a brain-training (BT) game alone and a sulforaphane (SFN) intake, positively affects cognition. This study examined whether a combined BT and SFN intake intervention has beneficial effects on cognitive function in older adults. Methods: In a 12-week double-blinded randomized control trial, 144 older adults were randomly assigned to one of four groups: BT with SFN (BT-S), BT with placebo (BT-P), active control game (AT) with SFN (AT-S), and active control game with placebo (AT-P). We used Brain Age in BT and Tetris in AT. Participants were asked to play BT or AT for 15 min a day for 12 weeks while taking a supplement (SFN or placebo). We measured several cognitive functions before and after the intervention period. Results: The BT (BT-S and BT-P) groups showed more improvement in processing speed than the active control groups (AT-S and AT-P). The SFN intake (BT-S and AT-S) groups recorded significant improvements in processing speed and working memory performance unlike the placebo intake groups (BT-P and AT-P). However, we did not find any evidence of the combined intervention’s beneficial effects on cognition. Discussion: We discussed a mechanism to improve cognitive functions in the BT and SFN alone interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-Machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Correspondence:
| | - Qingqiang Hu
- Nature and Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, Kagome Co., Ltd., 17, Nishitomiyama, Nasushiobara 329-2762, Japan;
| | - Toshiki Saito
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.S.); (N.Y.d.S.K.)
| | - Natasha Yuriko dos Santos Kawata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.S.); (N.Y.d.S.K.)
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Seiryo-Machi 4-1, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (T.S.); (N.Y.d.S.K.)
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Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activity during a Brain Training Game Predicts Cognitive Improvements after Four Weeks' Brain Training Game Intervention: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10080560. [PMID: 32824185 PMCID: PMC7464011 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10080560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that brain activities using NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy) at baseline during cognitive tasks (e.g., N-back task) can predict the cognitive benefits of a cognitive training. In this study, we investigated whether brain activities during brain training game (BT) at baseline would predict benefits to cognitive functions after the intervention period. METHODS In a four-week double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT) 72 young adults were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: participants in the BT group played specific game, called the Brain Age. Participants in an active control group (ACT) played the puzzle game Tetris. We measured brain activity during the training games using two channel NIRS before the intervention period. Cognitive functions were tested before and after the four-week intervention period. RESULTS The BT showed significant improvements in inhibition, processing speed, and working memory performance compared to ACT. The left and right DLPFC (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) brain activities during the BT at baseline were associated with improvements in inhibition and processing speed. DISCUSSION This randomized control trial first provides scientific evidence that DLPFC activities during BT at baseline can predict cognitive improvements after a four-week intervention period.
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Miyazaki A, Mori H. Frequent Karaoke Training Improves Frontal Executive Cognitive Skills, Tongue Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Elderly People: Pilot Study from a Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1459. [PMID: 32102472 PMCID: PMC7068312 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether karaoke training improves cognitive skills and reduces the risk of physical function impairments. We conducted a single-blinded randomized controlled trial in 26 elderly participants at residential care facilities, who were generally healthy or required the lowest level of care. Participants were near the threshold for mild cognitive impairment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and close to the sarcopenia cut-off with the skeletal muscle mass index. Pulmonary function as measured with spirometry and tongue strength were used as markers for physical functions affected by sarcopenia. Karaoke training occurred once a week for two hours, with an hour of homework assigned weekly. Karaoke training significantly improved the Frontal Assessment Battery at bedside (FAB) compared with an active control group receiving scratch art training (F = 8.04, permutation p-value = 0.013). Subscore improved with inhibitory control (F = 7.63, permutation p-value = 0.015) and sensitivity to interference (F = 11.98, permutation p-value = 0.001). We observed improved tongue pressure (F = 4.49, permutation p-value = 0.040) and pulmonary function by a greater increase in FIV1 (F = 5.22, permutation p-value = 0.047). Engaging elderly people, especially those in care homes, with karaoke training exercises that are moderately physically challenging may be a key to slowing cognitive decline and preventing dysphagia by sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Miyazaki
- Technology and Innovation Hub, Cluster for Science, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan;
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Inagawa T, Yokoi Y, Narita Z, Maruo K, Okazaki M, Nakagome K. Safety and Feasibility of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation in Patients With Mild or Major Neurocognitive Disorders: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Pilot Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:273. [PMID: 31555109 PMCID: PMC6742726 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potentially novel strategy for cognitive enhancement in patients with mild or major neurocognitive disorders. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of tDCS during cognitive training on cognitive functioning in patients with mild or major neurocognitive disorders. Methods This study was primarily a single arm for safety, secondary a two-arm, parallel, randomized, and sham-controlled trial for potential efficacy. Patients with mild or major neurocognitive disorders were recruited. The participants and raters were blinded to the group assignment. The participants in the active arm received tDCS (anodal; F3, cathodal, Fp2, 2A, 20 min) twice daily for five consecutive days, whereas those in the sham arm received the same amount of sham-tDCS. Calculation and reading tasks were conducted in both arms as a form of cognitive intervention for 20 min during tDCS. The primary outcome was the attrition rate during the trial in the active arm, which is expected to be less than 10%. The secondary outcomes were the between-group differences of adjusted means for several cognitive scales from baseline to post-intervention and follow-up. Results Twenty patients [nine women (45%)], with a mean (standard deviation) age of 76.1 years participated; nine patients (45%) with minor neurocognitive disorders and 11 (55%) with major neurocognitive disorders were randomized, and 19 of them completed the trial. The attrition rate in the active arm was 0%, with no serious adverse events. Further, in the Intention-to-Treat analysis, patients in the active arm showed no statistically significant improvement compared with those who received the sham in the mean change scores of the mini-mental state examination [0.41; 95% CI (−1.85; 2.67) at day five, 1.08; 95% CI (−1.31; 3.46) at follow-up] and Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale – cognition subscale [1.61; 95% CI (−4.2; 0.98) at day 5, 0.36; 95%CI (−3.19; 2.47) at follow-up]. Conclusion These findings suggest that tDCS is safe and tolerable but causes no statistically significant cognitive effects in patients with mild or major neurocognitive disorders. Additional large-scale, well-designed clinical trials are warranted to evaluate the cognitive effects of tDCS as an augmentation to cognitive training. Clinical Trial Registration www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03050385.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Inagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yuma Yokoi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, Kodaira, Japan
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Nouchi R, Kobayashi A, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Newly Developed TV-Based Cognitive Training Games Improve Car Driving Skills, Cognitive Functions, and Mood in Healthy Older Adults: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:99. [PMID: 31133842 PMCID: PMC6513888 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive training in a laboratory improves car driving skills of older car drivers. However, it remains unclear whether other types of cognitive training at home have beneficial effects on driving skills. Using our developed cognitive training games that can be played on a television with a set-top box in a person’s home, we investigated the effects of a 6-week cognitive training program on driving skills, which included on-road evaluation (primary outcome), and cognitive functions and emotional states (secondary outcome) in older people. Methods: In this double-blinded randomized control trial (RCT), 60 older licensed drivers were randomly assigned into one of the two groups: a cognitive training game for car driving (CTCD) group and an active control cognitive training game (ACT) group. Participants in the CTCD group played the CTCD (processing speed, dual attention, and speed prediction) for 20 min in five sessions per week for 6 weeks. Participants in the ACT group played the ACT (selecting the larger number; selecting a number from largest to smallest; play a game of rock, article, scissors) for 20 min in five sessions per week for 6 weeks. We measured driving skills, various cognitive functions, and emotional states before and after the 6-week intervention period. Results: Our main results showed that compared to the ACT group, the CTCD group demonstrated improved driving skills (adjusted p = 0.034). Moreover, the CTCD group demonstrated improved inhibition (stroop, adjusted p = 0.042: reverse Stroop, adjusted p = 0.043) and processing speed performance symbol search (SS), adjusted p = 0.049; digit symbol coding (adjusted p = 0.047), compared to the ACT group. The CTCD group scored higher on vigor–activity mood (adjusted p = 0.041) as measured using the Profile of Mood State. Discussion: This randomized controlled trial provides scientific evidence for the benefits of the 6-week CTCD program on driving skills and cognitive functions, such as processing speed, inhibition, and vigor–activity mood, in healthy older people. Our results suggest that cognitive training is useful to improve the driving skills of older adults. Trial registration: This trial was registered at The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000029769). Registered 31 October 2017, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000034010
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akiko Kobayashi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Smart Aging Research Center (S.A.R.C.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Iizuka A, Suzuki H, Ogawa S, Kobayashi‐Cuya KE, Kobayashi M, Inagaki H, Sugiyama M, Awata S, Takebayashi T, Fujiwara Y. Does social interaction influence the effect of cognitive intervention program? A randomized controlled trial using Go game. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2019; 34:324-332. [PMID: 30430635 PMCID: PMC6590165 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of social interaction on the effect of a cognitive intervention program using Go. METHODS A single-blind, randomized controlled trial using a classical board game "Go" was conducted. A total of 72 community-dwelling older adults, without previous experience playing Go, were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a face-to-face group (FG) in which members attended 12 Go group lessons held once a week; (2) a non-face-to-face group (NFG) in which members individually underwent the same Go lessons as the FG using a tablet computer; or (3) a health education control group (CG). The main outcome variable, working memory, was assessed before and after the interventions using the Visual Memory Span Test (VMST) and the Visual Memory Span Backward (VMSB) task. Go performance and additional cognitive domains were also examined. RESULTS Analysis of covariance revealed that VMST scores significantly improved after the intervention in both the FG and NFG (both P < .05). Compared with the CG, the effect size of the FG (Cohen's d = 0.89) was greater than that of the NFG (Cohen's d = 0.67). Although VMSB scores significantly improved after the intervention in the FG (P < .05), no significant changes were observed in other groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that Go game could improve visual working memory regardless of social interaction. Furthermore, findings suggested that playing board games face-to-face with others is more effective for cognitive function than playing alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Iizuka
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthKeio University School of Medicine 35 ShinanomachiTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Susumu Ogawa
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Kimi Estela Kobayashi‐Cuya
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan,Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthKeio University School of Medicine 35 ShinanomachiTokyoJapan
| | - Momoko Kobayashi
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Mika Sugiyama
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Shuichi Awata
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthKeio University School of Medicine 35 ShinanomachiTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiwara
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community HealthTokyo Metropolitan Institute of GerontologyTokyoJapan
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Kulason K, Nouchi R, Hoshikawa Y, Noda M, Okada Y, Kawashima R. The Beneficial Effects of Cognitive Training With Simple Calculation and Reading Aloud (SCRA) in the Elderly Postoperative Population: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:68. [PMID: 29643802 PMCID: PMC5882834 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There has been little research conducted regarding cognitive treatments for the elderly postsurgical population. Patients aged ≥60 years have an increased risk of postoperative cognitive decline, a condition in which cognitive functions are negatively affected. This cognitive decline can lead to a decline in quality of life. In order to maintain a high quality of life, the elderly postsurgical population may benefit from treatment to maintain and/or improve their cognitive functions. This pilot study investigates the effect of simple calculation and reading aloud (SCRA) cognitive training in elderly Japanese postsurgical patients. Methods: Elderly patients undergoing non-cardiovascular thoracic surgery under general anesthesia were recruited (n = 12). Subjects were randomly divided into two groups—one that receives 12 weeks of SCRA intervention, and a waitlisted control group. Before and after the intervention, we measured cognitive function [Mini-Mental Status Exam-Japanese (MMSE-J), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), computerized Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB)] and emotional state [General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Quality of Life Scale-5 (QOL-5)]. Results: Group difference analyses using ANCOVA with permutation test showed that the intervention SCRA group had a significant improvement in FAB motor programming sub-score, GDS, and QOL-5 compared to the control group. Within-group analyses using Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare baseline and follow-up showed that the SCRA intervention group total FAB scores, FAB motor programming sub-scores, and QOL-5 scores were significantly improved. Discussion: This pilot study showed that there are important implications for the beneficial effects of SCRA intervention on cognitive function and emotional state in the postoperative elderly population; however, further investigations are necessary to reach any conclusions. Trial registration: This study was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000019832).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Kulason
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Davis JC, Best JR, Khan KM, Dian L, Lord S, Delbaere K, Hsu CL, Cheung W, Chan W, Liu-Ambrose T. Slow Processing Speed Predicts Falls in Older Adults With a Falls History: 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2017; 65:916-923. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Davis
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab; Department of Physical Therapy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - John R. Best
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab; Department of Physical Therapy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Karim M. Khan
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Department of Family Practice; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Larry Dian
- Division of Geriatrics; Faculty of Medicine; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Stephen Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre; Neuroscience Research Australia; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Chun Liang Hsu
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab; Department of Physical Therapy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Winnie Cheung
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab; Department of Physical Therapy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Wency Chan
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab; Department of Physical Therapy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Aging, Mobility, and Cognitive Neuroscience Lab; Department of Physical Therapy; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Center for Hip Health and Mobility; Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Nouchi R, Saito T, Nouchi H, Kawashima R. Small Acute Benefits of 4 Weeks Processing Speed Training Games on Processing Speed and Inhibition Performance and Depressive Mood in the Healthy Elderly People: Evidence from a Randomized Control Trial. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:302. [PMID: 28066229 PMCID: PMC5179514 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Processing speed training using a 1-year intervention period improves cognitive functions and emotional states of elderly people. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether short-term processing speed training such as 4 weeks can benefit elderly people. This study was designed to investigate effects of 4 weeks of processing speed training on cognitive functions and emotional states of elderly people. Methods: We used a single-blinded randomized control trial (RCT). Seventy-two older adults were assigned randomly to two groups: a processing speed training game (PSTG) group and knowledge quiz training game (KQTG) group, an active control group. In PSTG, participants were asked to play PSTG (12 processing speed games) for 15 min, during five sessions per week, for 4 weeks. In the KQTG group, participants were asked to play KQTG (four knowledge quizzes) for 15 min, during five sessions per week, for 4 weeks. We measured several cognitive functions and emotional states before and after the 4 week intervention period. Results: Our results revealed that PSTG improved performances in processing speed and inhibition compared to KQTG, but did not improve performance in reasoning, shifting, short term/working memory, and episodic memory. Moreover, PSTG reduced the depressive mood score as measured by the Profile of Mood State compared to KQTG during the 4 week intervention period, but did not change other emotional measures. Discussion: This RCT first provided scientific evidence related to small acute benefits of 4 week PSTG on processing speed, inhibition, and depressive mood in healthy elderly people. We discuss possible mechanisms for improvements in processing speed and inhibition and reduction of the depressive mood. Trial registration: This trial was registered in The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000022250).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan; Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku UniversitySendai, Japan
| | - Toshiki Saito
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruka Nouchi
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University Sendai, Japan
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Kulason K, Nouchi R, Hoshikawa Y, Noda M, Okada Y, Kawashima R. The beneficial effects of cognitive training with simple calculation and reading aloud in an elderly postsurgical population: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2016; 17:334. [PMID: 27484173 PMCID: PMC4971755 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This project proposes a pilot study to investigate the positive healing effects of cognitive training with simple arithmetic and reading aloud on elderly postsurgical patients. Elderly patients undergoing surgery have an increased risk of Postoperative Cognitive Decline (POCD), a condition in which learning, memory, and processing speed is greatly reduced after surgery. Since elderly patients are more likely to exhibit symptoms of POCD, the incidence is increasing as the population receiving surgery has aged. Little effort has been expended, however, to find treatments for POCD. Learning therapy, which consists of a combination of reading aloud and solving simple arithmetic problems, was developed in Japan as a treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease to improve cognitive functions. Because patients with Alzheimer’s Disease experience similar issues as those with POCD in learning, memory, and processing speed, a cognitive intervention based on the learning-therapy treatments used for Alzheimer’s Disease could show advantageous outcomes for those at risk of POCD. Methods/design Cognitive function will be measured before and after surgery using three different tests (Mini-Mental Status Exam, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Cogstate computerized tests). Subjects will be randomly divided into two groups—one that receives a Simple Calculation and Reading Aloud intervention (SCRA) and a waitlisted control group that does not receive SCRA. To measure cognition before and after the intervention, the previously mentioned three tests will be used. The obtained data will be analyzed using statistical tests such as ANCOVA to indicate whether the cognitive intervention group has made improvements in their cognitive functions. In addition, questionnaires will also be administered to collect data on mental and emotional statuses. Discussion This report will be the first pilot study to investigate the beneficial effects of SCRA on elderly surgical patients. Previous studies have shown sufficient evidence on the effectiveness of learning therapy in healthy elderly people and in those with Dementia. Therefore, this study will clarify whether SCRA can improve cognitive function in the more specialized group of elderly surgical patients. Trial registration University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry, UMIN000019832. Registered on 18 November 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1476-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Kulason
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Rui Nouchi
- Creative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science (FRIS), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan. .,Smart Aging International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan. .,Human and Social Response Research Division, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-0845, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Hoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masafumi Noda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Smart Aging International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.,Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Ageing and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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