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Jiang Y, Qiao R, Shi Y, Tang Y, Hou Z, Tian Y. The effects of attention in auditory-visual integration revealed by time-varying networks. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1235480. [PMID: 37600005 PMCID: PMC10434229 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1235480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention and audiovisual integration are crucial subjects in the field of brain information processing. A large number of previous studies have sought to determine the relationship between them through specific experiments, but failed to reach a unified conclusion. The reported studies explored the relationship through the frameworks of early, late, and parallel integration, though network analysis has been employed sparingly. In this study, we employed time-varying network analysis, which offers a comprehensive and dynamic insight into cognitive processing, to explore the relationship between attention and auditory-visual integration. The combination of high spatial resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and high temporal resolution electroencephalography (EEG) was used. Firstly, a generalized linear model (GLM) was employed to find the task-related fMRI activations, which was selected as regions of interesting (ROIs) for nodes of time-varying network. Then the electrical activity of the auditory-visual cortex was estimated via the normalized minimum norm estimation (MNE) source localization method. Finally, the time-varying network was constructed using the adaptive directed transfer function (ADTF) technology. Notably, Task-related fMRI activations were mainly observed in the bilateral temporoparietal junction (TPJ), superior temporal gyrus (STG), primary visual and auditory areas. And the time-varying network analysis revealed that V1/A1↔STG occurred before TPJ↔STG. Therefore, the results supported the theory that auditory-visual integration occurred before attention, aligning with the early integration framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Jiang
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
- Central Nervous System Drug Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Yupan Shi
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengjun Hou
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Tian
- Institute for Advanced Sciences, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing, China
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Jahn N, Sinke C, Kayali Ö, Krug S, Leichter E, Peschel S, Müller T, Burak A, Krüger THC, Kahl KG, Heitland I. Neural correlates of the attention training technique as used in metacognitive therapy – A randomized sham-controlled fMRI study in healthy volunteers. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1084022. [PMID: 36993887 PMCID: PMC10040584 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1084022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe Attention Training Technique (ATT) developed as part of metacognitive therapy is a psychotherapeutic treatment method used to enhance top-down attentional flexibility and control. This study investigated potential neurocognitive changes due to ATT and its underlying neural mechanisms using pre-to-post functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Materials and methodsFifty-four healthy participants were subjected to a randomized, sham-controlled attention training and evaluated using a neurocognitive test battery that partly took place in an fMRI environment. Participants received two doses ATT or sham ATT daily for 1 week. On day eight, all subjects completed the neurocognitive test battery again.ResultsAfter the training, the ATT group showed a significant improvement in reaction times regarding attentional disengagement compared to the sham ATT group. fMRI data showed decreased levels of activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) when comparing the ATT group to the sham ATT group during attentional disengagement post intervention. No ATT > sham ATT effects were found regarding selective auditory attention, working memory performance and inhibitory control.DiscussionThese findings putatively indicate that ATT facilitates faster attention allocation and increased attentional flexibility in healthy subjects. The fMRI results suggest this ATT-dependent improvement is accompanied by reduced ACC activity, indicating a more flexible attentional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christopher Sinke
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Özlem Kayali
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Svenja Krug
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Erik Leichter
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephanie Peschel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Torben Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Alev Burak
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Tillmann H. C. Krüger
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kai G. Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ivo Heitland
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ivo Heitland,
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Cheng S, Qiu X, Li S, Mo L, Xu F, Zhang D. Different Roles of the Left and Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Cognitive Reappraisal: An Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:928077. [PMID: 35754771 PMCID: PMC9226322 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.928077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) plays a pivotal role in cognitive reappraisal. Previous studies suggested a functional asymmetry of the bilateral VLPFC, but the evidence is still insufficient during cognitive reappraisal. In this study, we conducted an online single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) to investigate the causal and distinct roles of the left and right VLPFC in reappraisal. Participants were instructed to reappraise (down-regulate) or attend to pictures depicting social exclusion scenarios while the spTMS was applied over the left or right VLPFC of the participants’ brains. The results showed that spTMS of either the left or the right VLPFC would increase reappraisal difficulty. Meanwhile, the outcome of reappraisal (measured by self-reported negative feelings) significantly deteriorated when the right (but not the left) VLPFC was temporally interrupted by spTMS, while the verbal fluency during oral reporting of the reappraisal strategy was significantly reduced when the left VLPFC was interrupted by spTMS. Taken together, these findings provide causal evidence for the involvement of left and right VLPFC with distinct roles: while the left VLPFC is responsible for the linguistic especially semantic process of generating and selecting appraisals according to the goal of emotion regulation, the right VLPFC plays a critical role in inhibiting inappropriate negative emotions and thoughts generated by the effective scenarios. These findings deepen our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanism of emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiufu Qiu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, China
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Zimmer U, Rosenzopf H, Poglitsch C, Ischebeck A. ERP-study on the time course of disgust-motivated spatial avoidance. Biol Psychol 2019; 144:20-27. [PMID: 30878455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we showed that disgusting sound cues direct spatial attention away from the location of their origin to the opposite location indicating spatial disgust avoidance (Zimmer et al., 2015, Psychophysiology; 2016, Neuroimage). However, in these studies, we had solely used an inter-stimulus interval (ISI) of 200-300 ms, leaving unclear how disgust avoidance develops over time. Studies have shown that spatial attraction due to anger persists longer when induced by auditory rather than visual stimuli. In the present ERP-study, one of two laterally presented sounds (neutral/disgust) cued a laterally presented visual target. ISIs varied from short (50-150 ms) over middle (350-450 ms) to long (650-750 ms). For disgust stimuli, response times were longer for invalidly cued targets compared to validly cued targets, reflecting disgust avoidance. There was an increased P3 amplitude for validly versus invalidly cued targets consistent with disgust avoidance. In contrast, in the neutral condition, we found evidence of inhibition of return (IOR), as we observed a reversal of the usual validity effect from short to long ISI in the behavioral data and on the P1-component. These results indicate that spatial avoidance motivated by auditory disgust persists over time, presumably enforced by emotional rather than general attentional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Zimmer
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | - Anja Ischebeck
- Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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Rosenbaum D, Maier MJ, Hudak J, Metzger FG, Wells A, Fallgatter AJ, Ehlis AC. Neurophysiological correlates of the attention training technique: A component study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 19:1018-1024. [PMID: 30003039 PMCID: PMC6039840 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we investigate the neuronal correlates of the Attention Training Technique (ATT), a psychotherapeutic intervention used in metacognitive therapy to enhance flexible cognitive control and ameliorate rumination. We adapted the ATT in a neuroscientific attention paradigm in order to investigate the effects of its components: selective attention, attention switching and divided attention in comparison to a control task. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes in blood oxygenation of fronto-lateral and parietal cortical areas. Furthermore, subjects rated their task performance, effort and attention drifts in each task condition. We observed increased blood oxygenation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobule during the ATT conditions in comparison to the control condition. Additionally, subjective effort was associated with blood oxygenation in the right inferior prefrontal cortex. Our results are consistent with the theoretical underpinnings of the ATT suggesting that the ATT's mechanism of change lies in the training of areas of the cognitive control network and dorsal attention network. Aberrant functioning of both networks has been shown to be related to depression and rumination. The neurophysiological underpinnings of the Attention Training Technique (ATT) were investigated in an experimental design. The ATT requires activation of brain areas in the cognitive control network (CCN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). We observed increased blood oxygenation in the right IFG, dlPFC and superior parietal lobule during the ATT. Subjective effort during the ATT was associated with blood oxygenation in the IFG. The ATT might influence depressive rumination through the training of the CCN and DAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Moritz J Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Justin Hudak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Florian G Metzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Geriatric Center, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Wells
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas J Fallgatter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Center of Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Cluster of Excellence, University of Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christine Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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