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Medina LD, Henry S, Torres S, MacDonald B, Strutt AM. The Measurement of Acculturation in Neuropsychological Evaluations of Hispanic/Latino Individuals across the Lifespan: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:365-386. [PMID: 36988392 PMCID: PMC10132785 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acculturation has been linked to health outcomes in Hispanics/Latinos (H/Ls). However, there is equivocal evidence of a relationship between acculturation and neuropsychological outcomes. Various factors limit the ability to subject the evidence to systematic/meta-analytic review. We sought to examine the current state of the literature in the context of H/Ls and neuropsychology and describe the various limitations of measuring acculturation across the lifespan. METHOD Applying a scoping review approach, we identified unique stand-alone (e.g., questionnaires) measures of acculturation. We focused on psychometric (e.g., internal consistency) and other characteristics (e.g., language, structure/format) and description of the validation samples (e.g., cultural background/country of origin). RESULTS A total of 40 unique acculturation measures were identified. Measures spanned various domains (e.g., language proficiency, food preference, music choice), and relied heavily on linguistic behavioral characteristics. Internal consistency varied from unacceptable to clinically acceptable ranges. Variable approaches to development and validation were reported. Validation samples varied from 22 to 2,048 respondents (median = 380), most of which represented a general adult population. Only eight measures were validated for use in pediatric populations; none were developed specifically for use with older adults. CONCLUSIONS Published measures are outdated, evidence highly variable psychometric and methodological weaknesses, and lack a lifespan perspective. Several themes in the types of items considered elemental to the acculturative process are revealed and findings are summarized via an "ABC" framework, categorizing items as antecedents, behaviors, and consequent acculturative changes, that lends itself to clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samantha Henry
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuropsychology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie Torres
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Psychology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adriana M Strutt
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, Section of Neuropsychology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Rajkumar RP. Cultural collectivism, intimate partner violence, and women's mental health: An analysis of data from 151 countries. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1125771. [PMID: 37066068 PMCID: PMC10098113 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1125771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Culture, defined as the distinctive, learned beliefs and patterns of behavior that are particular to a given group or community, is a key determinant of mental health. The cultural dimension of individualism-collectivism, which measures the extent to which a given society accords importance to individuals as opposed to larger groups, has been associated with cross-national variations in mental health outcomes such as depression and suicide. However, this cultural dimension is also associated with variations in the frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV), which has a significant and sustained adverse impact on women's mental health. This study examines the relationships between individualism-collectivism, the frequency of IPV, and rates of depression and suicide in women, based on data from 151 countries. In this data set, IPV was significantly associated with age-standardized rates of depression and suicide in women, even after adjusting for demographic variables. Cultural collectivism was positively correlated with IPV, but this relationship was significantly influenced by national income and women's educational attainment. In multivariate analyses, IPV, but not cultural collectivism, remained significantly associated with depression in women. These results highlight the importance of screening for and addressing IPV in women seeking mental health care, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where cultural and economic factors may both increase the risk of IPV and delay or impede its reporting.
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Mendoza L, Garcia P, Duara R, Rosselli M, Loewenstein D, Greig-Custo MT, Barker W, Dahlin P, Rodriguez MJ. The effect of acculturation on cognitive performance among older Hispanics in the United States. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:163-171. [PMID: 32116033 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1725888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of acculturation on cognition was examined among 142 older Hispanics: cognitively normal [CN; n = 70], Mild Cognitive Impairment, amnestic [aMCI; n = 27], and Dementia [D; n = 45]. Acculturation levels (high vs. low) were determined using the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (SASH). ANCOVAs used a wide variety of neuropsychological tests as independent variables controlling for age and education. Among CN subjects, the highly acculturated group performed better on Logical Memory delayed recall (LM-II) [F(1, 56) = 9.26, p < .001, η p 2 = 0.14], Digit Span Forward [F(1, 56) = 4.37, p < .05, η p 2 = 0.07], Trail Making Test A [F(1, 56) = 7.74, p < .05, η p 2 = 0.12], and Trail Making Test B [F(1, 56) = 4.66, p = .03, η p 2 = 0.08], indicating that high acculturation was associated with a better performance on tests of episodic memory, auditory attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and processing speed among CN Hispanics. ANCOVA analyses were not significant among the other groups. In the absence of acculturation scales in clinical practice, caution should be exerted when interpreting neurocognitive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandra Mendoza
- Albizu University-Miami Campus, Psychology Doctoral Program, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Garcia
- Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Mónica Rosselli
- Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA
| | - David Loewenstein
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Miami Beach, FL, USA
- University of Miami and Center on Aging, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria T Greig-Custo
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Warren Barker
- Mount Sinai Medical Center, Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Pamela Dahlin
- Albizu University-Miami Campus, Psychology Doctoral Program, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Miriam J Rodriguez
- Albizu University-Miami Campus, Psychology Doctoral Program, Miami, FL, USA
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Rapp AM, Grammer JK, Tan PZ, Gehring WJ, Chavira DA, Miller GA. Collectivism is Associated with Enhanced Neural Response to Socially-Salient Errors among Adolescents. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 16:1150-1159. [PMID: 34041547 PMCID: PMC8599179 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The perceived salience of errors can be influenced by individual-level motivational factors. Specifically, those who endorse a high degree of collectivism, a cultural value that emphasizes prioritization of interpersonal relationships, may find errors occurring in a social context to be more aversive than individuals who endorse collectivism to a lesser degree, resulting in upregulation of a neural correlate of error-monitoring, the error-related negativity (ERN). This study aimed to identify cultural variation in neural response to errors occurring in a social context in a sample of diverse adolescents. It was predicted that greater collectivism would be associated with enhanced neural response to errors occurring as part of a team. Participants were 95 Latinx (n = 35), Asian American (n = 20), and non-Latinx White (n = 40) adolescents (ages 13-17) who completed a go/no-go task while continuous electroencephalogram was recorded. The task included social (team) and non-social (individual) conditions. ERN was quantified using mean amplitude measures. Regression models demonstrated that collectivism modulated neural response to errors occurring in a social context, an effect that was most robust for Latinx adolescents. Understanding cultural variation in neural sensitivity to social context could inform understanding of both normative and maladaptive processes associated with self-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Rapp
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,New York State Psychiatric Institute, USA
| | - Jennie K Grammer
- Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Z Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William J Gehring
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Denise A Chavira
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Gregory A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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