3
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Kaulen N, Rajkumar R, Régio Brambilla C, Mauler J, Ramkiran S, Orth L, Sbaihat H, Lang M, Wyss C, Rota Kops E, Scheins J, Neumaier B, Ermert J, Herzog H, Langen K, Lerche C, Shah NJ, Veselinović T, Neuner I. mGluR
5
and
GABA
A
receptor‐specific parametric
PET
atlas construction—
PET
/
MR
data processing pipeline, validation, and application. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2148-2163. [PMID: 35076125 PMCID: PMC8996359 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid neuroreceptor subtypes mGluR5 and GABAA are hypothesized to be involved in the development of a variety of psychiatric diseases. However, detailed information relating to their in vivo distribution is generally unavailable. Maps of such distributions could potentially aid clinical studies by providing a reference for the normal distribution of neuroreceptors and may also be useful as covariates in advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (MR) studies. In this study, we propose a comprehensive processing pipeline for the construction of standard space, in vivo distributions of non‐displaceable binding potential (BPND), and total distribution volume (VT) based on simultaneously acquired bolus‐infusion positron emission tomography (PET) and MR data. The pipeline was applied to [11C]ABP688‐PET/MR (13 healthy male non‐smokers, 26.6 ± 7.0 years) and [11C]Flumazenil‐PET/MR (10 healthy males, 25.8 ± 3.0 years) data. Activity concentration templates, as well as VT and BPND atlases of mGluR5 and GABAA, were generated from these data. The maps were validated by assessing the percent error δ from warped space to native space in a selection of brain regions. We verified that the average δABP = 3.0 ± 1.0% and δFMZ = 3.8 ± 1.4% were lower than the expected variabilities σ of the tracers (σABP = 4.0%–16.0%, σFMZ = 3.9%–9.5%). An evaluation of PET‐to‐PET registrations based on the new maps showed higher registration accuracy compared to registrations based on the commonly used [15O]H2O‐template distributed with SPM12. Thus, we conclude that the resulting maps can be used for further research and the proposed pipeline is a viable tool for the construction of standardized PET data distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaulen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Ravichandran Rajkumar
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- JARA BRAIN Translational Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Cláudia Régio Brambilla
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- JARA BRAIN Translational Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Jörg Mauler
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
| | - Shukti Ramkiran
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- JARA BRAIN Translational Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Linda Orth
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Hasan Sbaihat
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- Department of Medical Imaging Arab‐American University Palestine Jenin Palestine
| | - Markus Lang
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 5, INM‐5 Jülich Germany
| | - Christine Wyss
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Social Psychiatry University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Elena Rota Kops
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheins
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 5, INM‐5 Jülich Germany
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 5, INM‐5 Jülich Germany
| | - Hans Herzog
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
| | - Karl‐Joseph Langen
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- JARA BRAIN Translational Medicine Aachen Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Lerche
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
| | - N. Jon Shah
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- JARA BRAIN Translational Medicine Aachen Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 11, INM‐11 Jülich Germany
- Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Tanja Veselinović
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Irene Neuner
- Forschungszentrum Jülich Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, INM‐4 Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
- JARA BRAIN Translational Medicine Aachen Germany
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4
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Yakushev I, Ripp I, Wang M, Savio A, Schutte M, Lizarraga A, Bogdanovic B, Diehl-Schmid J, Hedderich DM, Grimmer T, Shi K. Mapping covariance in brain FDG uptake to structural connectivity. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 49:1288-1297. [PMID: 34677627 PMCID: PMC8921091 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inter-subject covariance of regional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET measures (FDGcov) as proxy of brain connectivity has been gaining an increasing acceptance in the community. Yet, it is still unclear to what extent FDGcov is underlied by actual structural connectivity via white matter fiber tracts. In this study, we quantified the degree of spatial overlap between FDGcov and structural connectivity networks. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed neuroimaging data from 303 subjects, both patients with suspected neurodegenerative disorders and healthy individuals. For each subject, structural magnetic resonance, diffusion tensor imaging, and FDG-PET data were available. The images were spatially normalized to a standard space and segmented into 62 anatomical regions using a probabilistic atlas. Sparse inverse covariance estimation was employed to estimate FDGcov. Structural connectivity was measured by streamline tractography through fiber assignment by continuous tracking. RESULTS For the whole brain, 55% of detected connections were found to be convergent, i.e., present in both FDGcov and structural networks. This metric for random networks was significantly lower, i.e., 12%. Convergent were 80% of intralobe connections and only 30% of interhemispheric interlobe connections. CONCLUSION Structural connectivity via white matter fiber tracts is a relevant substrate of FDGcov, underlying around a half of connections at the whole brain level. Short-range white matter tracts appear to be a major substrate of intralobe FDGcov connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany.
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Isabelle Ripp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Min Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Alex Savio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Michael Schutte
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Department Biology II, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aldana Lizarraga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Borjana Bogdanovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis M Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kuangyu Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Routier A, Burgos N, Díaz M, Bacci M, Bottani S, El-Rifai O, Fontanella S, Gori P, Guillon J, Guyot A, Hassanaly R, Jacquemont T, Lu P, Marcoux A, Moreau T, Samper-González J, Teichmann M, Thibeau-Sutre E, Vaillant G, Wen J, Wild A, Habert MO, Durrleman S, Colliot O. Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical Neuroscience Studies. Front Neuroinform 2021; 15:689675. [PMID: 34483871 PMCID: PMC8415107 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2021.689675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present Clinica (www.clinica.run), an open-source software platform designed to make clinical neuroscience studies easier and more reproducible. Clinica aims for researchers to (i) spend less time on data management and processing, (ii) perform reproducible evaluations of their methods, and (iii) easily share data and results within their institution and with external collaborators. The core of Clinica is a set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal neuroimaging data (currently, T1-weighted MRI, diffusion MRI, and PET data), as well as tools for statistics, machine learning, and deep learning. It relies on the brain imaging data structure (BIDS) for the organization of raw neuroimaging datasets and on established tools written by the community to build its pipelines. It also provides converters of public neuroimaging datasets to BIDS (currently ADNI, AIBL, OASIS, and NIFD). Processed data include image-valued scalar fields (e.g., tissue probability maps), meshes, surface-based scalar fields (e.g., cortical thickness maps), or scalar outputs (e.g., regional averages). These data follow the ClinicA Processed Structure (CAPS) format which shares the same philosophy as BIDS. Consistent organization of raw and processed neuroimaging files facilitates the execution of single pipelines and of sequences of pipelines, as well as the integration of processed data into statistics or machine learning frameworks. The target audience of Clinica is neuroscientists or clinicians conducting clinical neuroscience studies involving multimodal imaging, and researchers developing advanced machine learning algorithms applied to neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Routier
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ninon Burgos
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mauricio Díaz
- Inria, Service d'Expérimentation et de Développement, Paris, France
| | - Michael Bacci
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Simona Bottani
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Omar El-Rifai
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Fontanella
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Gori
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Guillon
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Guyot
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ravi Hassanaly
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Jacquemont
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Lu
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Marcoux
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Moreau
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Samper-González
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Elina Thibeau-Sutre
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ghislain Vaillant
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Junhao Wen
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Adam Wild
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Habert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Médecine Nucléaire, Paris, France
- Centre d'Acquisition et Traitement des Images, Paris, France
| | - Stanley Durrleman
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Colliot
- Inria, Aramis Project-Team, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau – Paris Brain Institute – ICM, Paris, France
- Inserm, Paris, France
- CNRS, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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6
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Ripp I, Stadhouders T, Savio A, Goldhardt O, Cabello J, Calhoun V, Riedl V, Hedderich D, Diehl-Schmid J, Grimmer T, Yakushev I. Integrity of Neurocognitive Networks in Dementing Disorders as Measured with Simultaneous PET/Functional MRI. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1341-1347. [PMID: 32358091 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.234930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have reported altered integrity of large-scale neurocognitive networks (NCNs) in dementing disorders. However, findings on the specificity of these alterations in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are still limited. Recently, NCNs have been successfully captured using PET with 18F-FDG. Methods: Network integrity was measured in 72 individuals (38 male) with mild AD or bvFTD, and in healthy controls, using a simultaneous resting-state fMRI and 18F-FDG PET. Indices of network integrity were calculated for each subject, network, and imaging modality. Results: In either modality, independent-component analysis revealed 4 major NCNs: anterior default-mode network (DMN), posterior DMN, salience network, and right central executive network (CEN). In fMRI data, the integrity of the posterior DMN was found to be significantly reduced in both patient groups relative to controls. In the AD group the anterior DMN and CEN appeared to be additionally affected. In PET data, only the integrity of the posterior DMN in patients with AD was reduced, whereas 3 remaining networks appeared to be affected only in patients with bvFTD. In a logistic regression analysis, the integrity of the anterior DMN as measured with PET alone accurately differentiated between the patient groups. A correlation between indices of 2 imaging modalities was low overall. Conclusion: FMRI and 18F-FDG PET capture partly different aspects of network integrity. A higher disease specificity for NCNs as derived from PET data supports metabolic connectivity imaging as a promising diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ripp
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Stadhouders
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandre Savio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Goldhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge Cabello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Mind Research Network and LBERI, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Valentin Riedl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and.,Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; and
| | - Janine Diehl-Schmid
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Grimmer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany .,Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Funck T, Larcher K, Toussaint PJ, Evans AC, Thiel A. APPIAN: Automated Pipeline for PET Image Analysis. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:64. [PMID: 30337866 PMCID: PMC6178989 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
APPIAN is an automated pipeline for user-friendly and reproducible analysis of positron emission tomography (PET) images with the aim of automating all processing steps up to the statistical analysis of measures derived from the final output images. The three primary processing steps are coregistration of PET images to T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, partial-volume correction (PVC), and quantification with tracer kinetic modeling. While there are alternate open-source PET pipelines, none offers all of the features necessary for making automated PET analysis as reliably, flexibly and easily extendible as possible. To this end, a novel method for automated quality control (QC) has been designed to facilitate reliable, reproducible research by helping users verify that each processing stage has been performed as expected. Additionally, a web browser-based GUI has been implemented to allow both the 3D visualization of the output images, as well as plots describing the quantitative results of the analyses performed by the pipeline. APPIAN also uses flexible region of interest (ROI) definition—with both volumetric and, optionally, surface-based ROI—to allow users to analyze data from a wide variety of experimental paradigms, e.g., longitudinal lesion studies, large cross-sectional population studies, multi-factorial experimental designs, etc. Finally, APPIAN is designed to be modular so that users can easily test new algorithms for PVC or quantification or add entirely new analyses to the basic pipeline. We validate the accuracy of APPIAN against the Monte-Carlo simulated SORTEO database and show that, after PVC, APPIAN recovers radiotracer concentrations within 93–100% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Funck
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Biospective, Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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