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Parkkinen S, Radua J, Andrews DS, Murphy D, Dell'Acqua F, Parlatini V. Cerebellar network alterations in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E233-E241. [PMID: 38960626 PMCID: PMC11230668 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that often persists into adulthood. Underlying alterations in brain connectivity have been identified but some relevant connections, such as the middle, superior, and inferior cerebellar peduncles (MCP, SCP, and ICP, respectively), have remained largely unexplored; thus, we sought to investigate whether the cerebellar peduncles contribute to ADHD pathophysiology among adults. METHODS We applied diffusion-weighted spherical deconvolution tractography to dissect the cerebellar peduncles of male adults with ADHD (including those who did or did not respond to methylphenidate, based on at least 30% symptom improvement at 2 months) and controls. We investigated differences in tract metrics between controls and the whole ADHD sample and between controls and treatment-response groups using sensitivity analyses. Finally, we analyzed the association between the tract metrics and cliniconeuropsychological profiles. RESULTS We included 60 participants with ADHD (including 42 treatment responders and 18 nonresponders) and 20 control participants. In the whole ADHD sample, MCP fractional anisotropy (FA; t 78 = 3.24, p = 0.002) and hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA; t 78 = 3.01, p = 0.004) were reduced, and radial diffusivity (RD) in the right ICP was increased (t 78 = -2.84, p = 0.006), compared with controls. Although case-control differences in MCP FA and HMOA, which reflect white-matter microstructural organization, were driven by both treatment response groups, only responders significantly differed from controls in right ICP RD, which relates to myelination (t 60 = 3.14, p = 0.003). Hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy of the MCP was significantly positively associated with hyperactivity measures. LIMITATIONS This study included only male adults with ADHD. Further research needs to investigate potential sex- and development-related differences. CONCLUSION These results support the role of the cerebellar networks, especially of the MCP, in adult ADHD pathophysiology and should encourage further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03709940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Parkkinen
- From the Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Andrews, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Radua); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrews); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Parlatini); the Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK (Parlatini)
| | - Joaquim Radua
- From the Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Andrews, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Radua); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrews); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Parlatini); the Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK (Parlatini)
| | - Derek S Andrews
- From the Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Andrews, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Radua); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrews); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Parlatini); the Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK (Parlatini)
| | - Declan Murphy
- From the Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Andrews, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Radua); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrews); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Parlatini); the Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK (Parlatini)
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- From the Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Andrews, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Radua); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrews); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Parlatini); the Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK (Parlatini)
| | - Valeria Parlatini
- From the Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Andrews, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Parkkinen, Murphy, Dell'Acqua, Parlatini); the Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (Radua); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA (Andrews); the Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK (Dell'Acqua); the School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK (Parlatini); the Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK (Parlatini)
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Parlatini V, Itahashi T, Lee Y, Liu S, Nguyen TT, Aoki YY, Forkel SJ, Catani M, Rubia K, Zhou JH, Murphy DG, Cortese S. White matter alterations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): a systematic review of 129 diffusion imaging studies with meta-analysis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4098-4123. [PMID: 37479785 PMCID: PMC10827669 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant anatomical brain connections in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are reported inconsistently across diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) studies. Based on a pre-registered protocol (Prospero: CRD42021259192), we searched PubMed, Ovid, and Web of Knowledge until 26/03/2022 to conduct a systematic review of DWI studies. We performed a quality assessment based on imaging acquisition, preprocessing, and analysis. Using signed differential mapping, we meta-analyzed a subset of the retrieved studies amenable to quantitative evidence synthesis, i.e., tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies, in individuals of any age and, separately, in children, adults, and high-quality datasets. Finally, we conducted meta-regressions to test the effect of age, sex, and medication-naïvety. We included 129 studies (6739 ADHD participants and 6476 controls), of which 25 TBSS studies provided peak coordinates for case-control differences in fractional anisotropy (FA)(32 datasets) and 18 in mean diffusivity (MD)(23 datasets). The systematic review highlighted white matter alterations (especially reduced FA) in projection, commissural and association pathways of individuals with ADHD, which were associated with symptom severity and cognitive deficits. The meta-analysis showed a consistent reduced FA in the splenium and body of the corpus callosum, extending to the cingulum. Lower FA was related to older age, and case-control differences did not survive in the pediatric meta-analysis. About 68% of studies were of low quality, mainly due to acquisitions with non-isotropic voxels or lack of motion correction; and the sensitivity analysis in high-quality datasets yielded no significant results. Findings suggest prominent alterations in posterior interhemispheric connections subserving cognitive and motor functions affected in ADHD, although these might be influenced by non-optimal acquisition parameters/preprocessing. Absence of findings in children may be related to the late development of callosal fibers, which may enhance case-control differences in adulthood. Clinicodemographic and methodological differences were major barriers to consistency and comparability among studies, and should be addressed in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Takashi Itahashi
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwei Liu
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan T Nguyen
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuta Y Aoki
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kita-karasuyama, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Aoki Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Donders Centre for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Catani
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Juan H Zhou
- Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Parlatini V, Radua J, Solanes Font A, Wichers R, Maltezos S, Sanefuji M, Dell'Acqua F, Catani M, Thiebaut de Schotten M, Murphy D. Poor response to methylphenidate is associated with a smaller dorsal attentive network in adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:303. [PMID: 37777529 PMCID: PMC10542768 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), are effective in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but there is individual variability in response, especially in adults. To improve outcomes, we need to understand the factors associated with adult treatment response. This longitudinal study investigated whether pre-treatment anatomy of the fronto-striatal and fronto-parietal attentional networks was associated with MPH treatment response. 60 adults with ADHD underwent diffusion brain imaging before starting MPH treatment, and response was measured at two months. We tested the association between brain anatomy and treatment response by using regression-based approaches; and compared the identified anatomical characteristics with those of 20 matched neurotypical controls in secondary analyses. Finally, we explored whether combining anatomical with clinical and neuropsychological data through machine learning provided a more comprehensive profile of factors associated with treatment response. At a group level, a smaller left dorsal superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF I), a tract responsible for the voluntary control of attention, was associated with a significantly lower probability of being responders to two-month MPH-treatment. The association between the volume of the left SLF I and treatment response was driven by improvement on both inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. Only non-responders significantly differed from controls in this tract metric. Finally, our machine learning approach identified clinico-neuropsychological factors associated with treatment response, such as higher cognitive performance and symptom severity at baseline. These novel findings add to our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying response to MPH, pointing to the dorsal attentive network as playing a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Parlatini
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Solanes Font
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rob Wichers
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Stefanos Maltezos
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Research Centre for Environment and Developmental Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Flavio Dell'Acqua
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Marco Catani
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Group, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Declan Murphy
- Sackler Institute of Translational Neurodevelopment, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
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Gagnon A, Descoteaux M, Bocti C, Takser L. Better characterization of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children with ADHD: The key to understanding the underlying white matter microstructure. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111568. [PMID: 36434901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The apparent increase in the prevalence of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis raises many questions regarding the variability of the subjective diagnostic method. This comprehensive review reports findings in studies assessing white matter (WM) bundles in diffusion MRI and symptom severity in children with ADHD. These studies suggested the involvement of the connections between the frontal, parietal, and basal ganglia regions. This review discusses the limitations surrounding diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and suggests novel imaging techniques allowing for a more reliable representation of the underlying biology. We propose a more inclusive approach to studying ADHD that includes known endophenotypes within the ADHD diagnosis. Aligned with the Research Domain Criteria Initiative, we also propose to investigate attentional capabilities and impulsive behaviours outside of the borders of the diagnosis. We support the existing hypothesis that ADHD originates from a developmental error and propose that it could lead to an accumulation in time of abnormalities in WM microstructure and pathways. Finally, state-of-the-art diffusion processing and novel artificial intelligence approaches would be beneficial to fully understand the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Imeka Solutions Inc, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bocti
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Jones SA, Nagel BJ, Nigg JT, Karalunas SL. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and white matter microstructure: the importance of dimensional analyses and sex differences. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12109. [PMID: 36817187 PMCID: PMC9937645 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has substantial heterogeneity in clinical presentation. A potentially important clue may be variation in brain microstructure. Using fractional anisotropy (FA), previous studies have produced equivocal results in relation to ADHD. This may be due to insufficient consideration of possible sex differences and ADHD's multi-componential nature. Methods Using whole-brain analyses, we investigated the association between FA and both ADHD diagnosis and ADHD symptom domains in a well-characterized, ADHD (n = 234; 32% female youth) and non-ADHD (n = 177; 52% female youth), case-control cohort (ages 7-12). Sex-specific effects were tested. Results No ADHD group differences were found using categorical assessment of ADHD without consideration of moderators. However, dimensional analyses found total symptoms were associated with higher FA in the superior corona radiata. Further, inattention symptoms were associated with higher FA in the corpus callosum and ansa lenticularis, and lower FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, after control for overlap with hyperactivity-impulsivity. Hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms were associated with higher FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, and lower FA in the superior cerebellar peduncles, after control for overlap with inattention. Meanwhile, both categorical and dimensional analyses revealed ADHD-by-sex interactions (voxel-wise p < 0.01). Girls with ADHD had higher FA, but boys with ADHD had lower FA (or no effect), compared to their same-sex peers, in the bilateral anterior corona radiata. Further, higher ADHD symptom severity was associated with higher FA in girls, but lower FA in boys, in the anterior and posterior corona radiata and cerebral peduncles. Conclusions ADHD symptom domains appear to be differentially related to white matter microstructure, highlighting the multi-componential nature of the disorder. Further, sex differences will be crucial to consider in future studies characterizing ADHD-related differences in white matter microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Bonnie J. Nagel
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Joel T. Nigg
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Connaughton M, Whelan R, O'Hanlon E, McGrath J. White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 33:102957. [PMID: 35149304 PMCID: PMC8842077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A systematic review of diffusion MRI studies in children and adolescents with ADHD. 46 studies included, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI techniques. Reduced white matter microstructure was reported in several studies. Mixed evidence linking white matter differences with specific cognitive processes. Common limitations included sample size, head motion and medication status.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition sequences and analytic techniques have led to growing body of evidence that abnormal white matter microstructure is a core pathophysiological feature of ADHD. This systematic review provides a qualitative assessment of research investigating microstructural organisation of white matter amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This review included 46 studies in total, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI imaging techniques and analytic approaches, including whole-brain, region of interest and connectomic analyses. Whole-brain and region of interest analyses described atypical organisation of white matter microstructure in several white matter tracts: most notably in frontostriatal tracts, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, thalamic radiations, internal capsule and corona radiata. Connectomic analyses, including graph theory approaches, demonstrated global underconnectivity in connections between functionally specialised networks. Although some studies reported significant correlations between atypical white matter microstructure and ADHD symptoms or other behavioural measures there was no clear pattern of results. Interestingly however, many of the findings of disrupted white matter microstructure were in neural networks associated with key neuropsychological functions that are atypical in ADHD. Limitations to the extant research are outlined in this review and future studies in this area should carefully consider factors such as sample size, sex balance, head motion and medication status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Whelan
- Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Trinity Dublin, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity Dublin, Ireland; Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jane McGrath
- Dept of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Sex differences in microstructural alterations in the corpus callosum tracts in drug-naïve children with ADHD. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:1592-1604. [PMID: 35102486 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Widespread alterations in the corpus callosum (CC) microstructure and organization have been found in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, few studies have investigated the diffusion characteristics and volume of transcallosal fiber tracts defined by specific cortical projections in ADHD, which is important for identifying distinct functional interhemispheric connection abnormalities. In the current study, an automated fiber-tract quantification (AFQ) approach based on diffusion tensor imaging identified seven CC tracts according to their cortical projections and estimated diffusion parameters and volume among 76 drug-naïve ADHD patients (53 boys and 23 girls) and 37 typically developing children (TDC) (20 boys and 17 girls) matched for age, IQ, and handedness. We found significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the occipital and superior parietal tracts and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the posterior, superior parietal and anterior frontal tracts in children with ADHD compared with TDC. In addition, lower FA and higher radial diffusivity (RD) in the occipital callosal tract were significantly associated with higher hyperactivity and impulsivity performance in ADHD. In addition, sex-by-diagnosis interactions were observed in the occipital, posterior and superior parietal tracts. Girls with ADHD showed decreased FA and volume in the occipital tract, which were significantly associated with increased impulsivity performance and poor response control, and increased MD in the posterior and superior parietal callosal tracts, which were significantly associated with increased inattention performance, whereas boys with ADHD merely showed decreased volume in the frontal tract. Our results elucidated that sex-specific alterations in the CC tracts potentially underlie ADHD symptomatology and further suggested a differential contribution of abnormalities in different CC tracts to impulsivity and inattention among girls with ADHD.
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Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Cerebellum Cortex Fractional Anisotropy in Pre-Adolescents. ADOLESCENTS 2021; 1:70-94. [PMID: 34095893 DOI: 10.3390/adolescents1020007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy is a proxy of the integrity of the cerebellum cortex. However, less is known about how it is shaped by race and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as parental education and household income. Purpose In a national sample of American pre-adolescents, this study had two aims: to test the effects of two SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy, and to explore racial differences in these effects. Methods Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, we analyzed the diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) data of 9565, 9-10-year-old pre-adolescents. The main outcomes were cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy separately calculated for right and left hemispheres using dMRI. The independent variables were parental education and household income; both treated as categorical variables. Age, sex, ethnicity, and family marital status were the covariates. Race was the moderator. To analyze the data, we used mixed-effects regression models without and with interaction terms. We controlled for propensity score and MRI device. Results High parental education and household income were associated with lower right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy. In the pooled sample, we found significant interactions between race and parental education and household income, suggesting that the effects of parental education and household income on the right and left cerebellum cortex fractional anisotropy are all significantly larger for White than for Black pre-adolescents. Conclusions The effects of SES indicators, namely parental education and household income, on pre-adolescents' cerebellum cortex microstructure and integrity are weaker in Black than in White families. This finding is in line with the Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs), defined as weaker effects of SES indicators for Blacks and other racial and minority groups than for Whites.
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9
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Albajara Sáenz A, Villemonteix T, Massat I. Structural and functional neuroimaging in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:399-405. [PMID: 30276811 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of neuroimaging studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In terms of brain structure, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion tensor imaging studies have evidenced differences in volume, surface-based measures (cortical thickness, surface area, and gyrification), and white matter integrity in different cerebral regions, in children and adults with ADHD compared to population norms. Abnormalities in the basal ganglia, prefrontal structures, and the corpus callosum have been the most consistently reported findings across studies. Hemodynamic (functional MRI, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography) and magnetoencephalography measurements have also shown differences in neural activity during the execution of neuropsychological tasks and during rest, in widespread regions of the brain. Importantly, multimodal studies combining structural and functional methods have shown an intercorrelation between structural and functional abnormalities in ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the effects of age and medication on brain structure and function in individuals with ADHD. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: In attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the brain is characterized by abnormal neural network interplay. Structural and functional cerebral abnormalities in ADHD are intercorrelated. Currently there is no neural biomarker that can be used in diagnosis. Longitudinal studies have shed light on the brain correlates of ADHD over the lifespan. The effects of stimulant intake on the brain correlates of ADHD remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Albajara Sáenz
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Neuropsychologie, Universite de Vincennes, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Massat
- UR2NF/Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,National Fund of Scientific Research, Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Neurology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Saadani-Makki F, Hagmann C, Balédent O, Makki MI. Early assessment of lateralization and sex influences on the microstructure of the white matter corticospinal tract in healthy term neonates. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:480-491. [PMID: 30548647 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the sex and the lateralization differences in the corticospinal tract (CST) during the early postnatal period. Twenty-five healthy term neonates (13 girls, aged 39.2 ± 1.2 weeks, and 12 boys aged 38.6 ± 3.0 weeks) underwent Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI). Fiber tracking was performed to extract bilaterally the CST pathways and to quantify the parallel (E1 ) and perpendicular (E23 ) diffusions, the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and fractional anisotropy (FA). The measurements were performed on the entire CST fibers and on four segments: base of the pons (CST-Po), cerebral peduncles (CST-CP), posterior limb of the internal capsule (CST-PLIC), and corona-radiata (CST-CR). Significantly higher E1 , lower E23, and higher FA in the right compared to the left were noted in the CST-PLIC of the girls. Significantly lower E23 and lower ADC with higher FA in the right compared to left were observed in the CST-CP of the boys. Moreover, the CST-PLIC of the boys had significantly higher E1 in the right compared to the left. There was a significant increase in left CST E1 of boys when compared with girls. Girls had a significantly lower E1 , lower E23 and, lower ADC in the left CST-CP compared with boys. In addition, girls had a significantly lower E23 and higher FA in the right CST-PLIC compared with boys. Sex differences and lateralization in structure-based segments of the CST were found in healthy term infants during early postnatal period. These findings are vital to understanding motor development of healthy term born neonates to better interpret newborn infants with abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadoua Saadani-Makki
- Unite de Traitement de l'Image, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,CHIMERE EA 7516, Université de Picardie Jules Vernes, Amiens, France
| | - Cornelia Hagmann
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Balédent
- Unite de Traitement de l'Image, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,CHIMERE EA 7516, Université de Picardie Jules Vernes, Amiens, France
| | - Malek I Makki
- MRI Research, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France.,MRI Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Hawco C, Voineskos AN, Radhu N, Rotenberg D, Ameis S, Backhouse FA, Semeralul M, Daskalakis ZJ. Age and gender interactions in white matter of schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder compared to non-psychiatric controls: commonalities across disorders. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 11:1836-1848. [PMID: 27915397 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-016-9657-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are psychiatric disorders with abnormalities in white matter structure. These disorders share high comorbidity and family history of OCD is a risk factor for SCZ which suggests some shared neurobiology. White matter was examined using diffusion tensor imaging in relativity large samples of SCZ (N = 48), OCD (N = 38) and non-psychiatric controls (N = 45). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated and tract based spatial statistics were used to compare groups. In a whole brain analysis, SCZ and OCD both showed small FA reductions relative to controls in the corpus callosum. Both SCZ and OCD showed accelerated reductions in FA with age; specifically in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus in OCD, while the SCZ group demonstrated a more widespread pattern of FA reduction. Patient groups did not differ from each other in total FA or age effects in any regions. A general linear model using 13 a-priori regions of interest showed marginal group, group*gender, and group*age interactions. When OCD and SCZ groups were analyzed together, these marginal effects became significant (p < 0.05), suggesting commonalities exist between these patient groups. Overall, our results demonstrate a similar pattern of accelerated white matter decline with age and greater white matter deficit in females in OCD and SCZ, with overlap in the spatial pattern of deficits. There was no evidence for statistical differences in overall white matter between OCD and SCZ. Taken together, the results support the notion of shared neurobiology in SCZ and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hawco
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada. .,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Radhu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Rotenberg
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ameis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Felicity A Backhouse
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mawahib Semeralul
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Unit 4-1, Office 125, 1001 Queen Street West, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.,Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Aoki Y, Cortese S, Castellanos FX. Research Review: Diffusion tensor imaging studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analyses and reflections on head motion. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 59:193-202. [PMID: 28671333 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging studies have shown atypical fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), albeit with conflicting results. We performed meta-analyses of whole-brain voxel-based analyses (WBVBA) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies in ADHD, along with a qualitative review of TBSS studies addressing the issue of head motion, which may bias results. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search (last search on April 1st, 2016) to identify studies comparing FA values between individuals with ADHD and typically developing (TD) participants. Signed differential mapping was used to compute effect sizes and integrate WBVBA and TBSS studies, respectively. TBSS datasets reporting no between-group motion differences were identified. RESULTS We identified 14 WBVBA (ADHDn = 314, TDn = 278) and 13 TBSS datasets (ADHDn = 557, TDn = 568). WBVBA meta-analysis showed both significantly lower and higher FA values in individuals with ADHD; TBSS meta-analysis showed significantly lower FA in ADHD compared with TD in four clusters: two in the corpus callosum (isthmus and posterior midbody), one in right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and one in left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. However, four of six datasets confirming no group-differences in motion showed no significant between-group FA differences. CONCLUSIONS A growing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) literature (total N = 1,717) and a plethora of apparent findings suggest atypical interhemispheric connection in ADHD. However, FA results in ADHD should be considered with caution, since many studies did not examine potential group differences in head motion, and most of the studies reporting no difference in motion showed no significant results. Future studies should address head motion as a priority and assure that groups do not differ in head motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Aoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Academic Unit of Psychology and Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), University of Southampton, Southampton.,Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Francisco Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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Neonatal erythropoietin mitigates impaired gait, social interaction and diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in a rat model of prenatal brain injury. Exp Neurol 2017; 302:1-13. [PMID: 29288070 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Children who are born preterm are at risk for encephalopathy of prematurity, a leading cause of cerebral palsy, cognitive delay and behavioral disorders. Current interventions are limited and none have been shown to reverse cognitive and behavioral impairments, a primary determinant of poor quality of life for these children. Moreover, the mechanisms of perinatal brain injury that result in functional deficits and imaging abnormalities in the mature brain are poorly defined, limiting the potential to target interventions to those who may benefit most. To determine whether impairments are reversible after a prenatal insult, we investigated a spectrum of functional deficits and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) abnormalities in young adult animals. We hypothesized that prenatal transient systemic hypoxia-ischemia (TSHI) would induce multiple functional deficits concomitant with reduced microstructural white and gray matter integrity, and tested whether these abnormalities could be ameliorated using postnatal erythropoietin (EPO), an emerging neurorestorative intervention. On embryonic day 18 uterine arteries were transiently occluded for 60min via laparotomy. Shams underwent anesthesia and laparotomy for 60min. Pups were born and TSHI pups were randomized to receive EPO or vehicle via intraperitoneal injection on postnatal days 1 to 5. Gait, social interaction, olfaction and open field testing was performed from postnatal day 25-35 before brains underwent ex vivo DTI to measure fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity. Prenatal TSHI injury causes hyperactivity, impaired gait and poor social interaction in young adult rats that mimic the spectrum of deficits observed in children born preterm. Collectively, these data show for the first time in a model of encephalopathy of prematurity that postnatal EPO treatment mitigates impairments in social interaction, in addition to gait deficits. EPO also normalizes TSHI-induced microstructural abnormalities in fractional anisotropy and radial diffusivity in multiple regions, consistent with improved structural integrity and recovery of myelination. Taken together, these results show behavioral and memory deficits from perinatal brain injury are reversible. Furthermore, resolution of DTI abnormalities may predict responsiveness to emerging interventions, and serve as a biomarker of CNS injury and recovery.
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14
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Lin G, Roth RM. The Status of Structural and Functional MRI in Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. PSYCHOLOGICAL INJURY & LAW 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12207-017-9296-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Asken BM, DeKosky ST, Clugston JR, Jaffee MS, Bauer RM. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings in adult civilian, military, and sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a systematic critical review. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:585-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9708-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Chiang HL, Chen YJ, Shang CY, Tseng WYI, Gau SSF. Different neural substrates for executive functions in youths with ADHD: a diffusion spectrum imaging tractography study. Psychol Med 2016; 46:1225-1238. [PMID: 26744120 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715002767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between white-matter tracts and executive functions (EF) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has not been well studied and previous studies mainly focused on frontostriatal (FS) tracts. The authors explored the microstructural property of several fibre tracts hypothesized to be involved in EF, to correlate their microstructural property with EF, and to explore whether such associations differ between ADHD and typically developing (TD) youths. METHOD We assessed 45 youths with ADHD and 45 individually matched TD youths with a computerized test battery for multiple dimensions of EF. From magnetic resonance imaging, FS tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), arcuate fasciculus (AF) and cingulum bundle (CB) were reconstructed by diffusion spectrum imaging tractography. The generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values of white-matter tracts were computed to present microstructural property of each tract. RESULTS We found lower GFA in the left FS tract, left SLF, left AF and right CB, and poorer performance in set-shifting, sustained attention, cognitive inhibition and visuospatial planning in ADHD than TD. The ADHD and TD groups demonstrated different association patterns between EF and fibre tract microstructural property. Most of the EF were associated with microstructural integrity of the FS tract and CB in TD youths, while with that of the FS tract, SLF and AF in youths with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that the SLF, AF and CB also involve in a wide range of EF and that the main fibre tracts involved in EF are different in youths with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-L Chiang
- Department of Psychiatry,National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - Y-J Chen
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - C-Y Shang
- Department of Psychiatry,National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - W-Y I Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan
| | - S S-F Gau
- Department of Psychiatry,National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine,Taipei,Taiwan
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