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Panda P, Mohapatra R. Herbal Nanoparticles: A targeted approach for Neurodegenerative disorder Treatment. J Drug Target 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39133517 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2391913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has significantly impacted human life, particularly in overcoming the limitations associated with neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Various nanostructures and vehicle systems, such as polymer nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoliposomes, nano-micelles, lipid nanoparticles, lactoferrin, polybutylcyanoacrylate, and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, have been shown to enhance drug efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve pharmacokinetics. NDs affect millions worldwide and are challenging to treat due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which hinders drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Research suggests that natural ingredients can be formulated into nanoparticles, offering a promising approach for ND treatment. This review examines the advantages and disadvantages of herbal-based nanoformulations, highlighting their potential effectiveness when used alone or in combination with other medications. Herbal nanoparticles provide benefits over synthetic ones due to their biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and potential for synergistic effects. The study's findings can be applied to develop more efficient drug delivery systems, improving the treatment of NDs by enhancing drug penetration across the BBB and targeting affected CNS areas more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikeswar Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmaceutical science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA
| | - Rajaram Mohapatra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of pharmaceutical science, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, INDIA
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Nouri Z, Barfar A, Perseh S, Motasadizadeh H, Maghsoudian S, Fatahi Y, Nouri K, Yektakasmaei MP, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F. Exosomes as therapeutic and drug delivery vehicle for neurodegenerative diseases. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:463. [PMID: 39095888 PMCID: PMC11297769 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality and disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross the BBB and enhance the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge for NDs. Exosomes are endogenous nano-sized vesicles that naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated that exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Exosome content can influence cellular function in healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect the features of the parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of diseases. Exosomes have unique characteristics that make them ideal for delivering drugs directly to the brain. These characteristics include the ability to pass through the BBB, biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting properties. This review emphasizes the role of exosomes in alleviating NDs and discusses the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the unique biological features of exosomes, making them a promising natural transporter for delivering various medications to the brain to combat several NDs, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Nouri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Barfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahra Perseh
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samane Maghsoudian
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Fatemeh Atyabi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Patel KD, Keskin-Erdogan Z, Sawadkar P, Nik Sharifulden NSA, Shannon MR, Patel M, Silva LB, Patel R, Chau DYS, Knowles JC, Perriman AW, Kim HW. Oxidative stress modulating nanomaterials and their biochemical roles in nanomedicine. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39018043 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00171k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Many pathological conditions are predominantly associated with oxidative stress, arising from reactive oxygen species (ROS); therefore, the modulation of redox activities has been a key strategy to restore normal tissue functions. Current approaches involve establishing a favorable cellular redox environment through the administration of therapeutic drugs and redox-active nanomaterials (RANs). In particular, RANs not only provide a stable and reliable means of therapeutic delivery but also possess the capacity to finely tune various interconnected components, including radicals, enzymes, proteins, transcription factors, and metabolites. Here, we discuss the roles that engineered RANs play in a spectrum of pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and inflammation. We visualize the dual functions of RANs as both generator and scavenger of ROS, emphasizing their profound impact on diverse cellular functions. The focus of this review is solely on inorganic redox-active nanomaterials (inorganic RANs). Additionally, we deliberate on the challenges associated with current RANs-based approaches and propose potential research directions for their future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil D Patel
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Zalike Keskin-Erdogan
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Rd, South Kensington, SW7 2BX, London, UK
| | - Prasad Sawadkar
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK
- The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Northwick Park and St Mark's Hospitals, London, HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Nik Syahirah Aliaa Nik Sharifulden
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK
| | - Mark Robert Shannon
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Madhumita Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Women University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Lady Barrios Silva
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK
| | - Rajkumar Patel
- Energy & Environment Sciences and Engineering (EESE), Integrated Sciences and Engineering Division (ISED), Underwood International College, Yonsei University, 85 Songdongwahak-ro, Yeonsungu, Incheon 21938, Republic of Korea
| | - David Y S Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, NW3 2PF, London, UK
| | - Adam W Perriman
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Dayarathna T, Roseborough AD, Gomes J, Khazaee R, Silveira CRA, Borron K, Yu S, Coleman K, Jesso S, Finger E, MacDonald P, Borrie M, Wells J, Bartha R, Zou G, Whitehead SN, Leong HS, Pasternak SH. Nanoscale flow cytometry-based quantification of blood-based extracellular vesicle biomarkers distinguishes MCI and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38958575 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate testing for Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a crucial step for therapeutic advancement. Currently, tests are expensive and require invasive sampling or radiation exposure. METHODS We developed a nanoscale flow cytometry (nFC)-based assay of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to screen biomarkers in plasma from mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, or controls. RESULTS Circulating amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, p-tau231, p-tau217, p-tauS235, ubiquitin, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1-positive EVs distinguished AD samples. p-tau181, p-tau217, p-tauS235, and ubiquitin-positive EVs distinguished MCI samples. The most sensitive marker for AD distinction was p-tau231, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.96 (sensitivity 0.95/specificity 1.0) improving to an AUC of 0.989 when combined with p-tauS235. DISCUSSION This nFC-based assay accurately distinguishes MCI and AD plasma without EV isolation, offering a rapid approach requiring minute sample volumes. Incorporating nFC-based measurements in larger populations and comparison to "gold standard" biomarkers is an exciting next step for developing AD diagnostic tools. HIGHLIGHTS Extracellular vesicles represent promising biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that can be measured in the peripheral circulation. This study demonstrates the utility of nanoscale flow cytometry for the measurement of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in AD blood samples. Multiple markers including amyloid beta, tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, p-tau231, p-tau217, and p-tauS235 accurately distinguished AD samples from healthy controls. Future studies should expand blood and cerebrospinal fluid-based EV biomarker development using nanoflow cytometry approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamara Dayarathna
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Austyn D Roseborough
- Vulnerable Brain Lab, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janice Gomes
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reza Khazaee
- Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Biotron Integrated Microscopy Facility, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina R A Silveira
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Borron
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soojung Yu
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristy Coleman
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Jesso
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Penny MacDonald
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Borrie
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennie Wells
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Bartha
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guangyong Zou
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shawn N Whitehead
- Vulnerable Brain Lab, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hon S Leong
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen H Pasternak
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Parkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lei X, Xie XN, Yang JX, Li YM. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115954. [PMID: 38744180 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns and deficits in social interactions. The prevalence of ASD has continued to rise in recent years. However, the etiology and pathophysiology of ASD remain largely unknown. Currently, the diagnosis of ASD relies on behavior measures, and there is a lack of reliable and objective biomarkers. In addition, there are still no effective pharmacologic therapies for the core symptoms of ASD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanovesicles secreted by almost all types of cells. EVs play a vital role in cell-cell communications and are known to bear various biological functions. Emerging evidence demonstrated that EVs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes throughout the body and the content in EVs can reflect the status of the originating cells. EVs have demonstrated the potential of broad applications for the diagnosis and treatment of various brain diseases, suggesting that EVs may have also played a role in the pathological process of ASD. Besides, EVs can be utilized as therapeutic agents for their endogenous substances and biological functions. Additionally, EVs can serve as drug delivery tools as nano-sized vesicles with inherent targeting ability. Here, we discuss the potential of EVs to be considered as promising diagnostic biomarkers and their potential therapeutic applications for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xue-Ni Xie
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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Kim G, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Jeon H, Shirinichi F, Wang Y. Fluorescent Chiral Quantum Dots to Unveil Origin-Dependent Exosome Uptake and Cargo Release. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3358-3374. [PMID: 38717870 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. Yet, it is challenging to apply exosomes in clinical use due to the limited understanding of their physiological functions. While cellular uptake of exosomes is generally known through endocytosis and/or membrane fusion, the mechanisms of origin-dependent cellular uptake and subsequent cargo release of exosomes into recipient cells are still unclear. Herein, we investigated the intricate mechanisms of exosome entry into recipient cells and intracellular cargo release. In this study, we utilized chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as representatives of exosomal cargo, taking advantage of the superior permeability of chiral GQDs into lipid membranes as well as their excellent optical properties for tracking analysis. We observed that the preferential cellular uptake of exosomes derived from the same cell-of-origin (intraspecies exosomes) is higher than that of exosomes derived from different cell-of-origin (cross-species exosomes). This uptake enhancement was attributed to receptor-ligand interaction-mediated endocytosis, as we identified the expression of specific ligands on exosomes that favorably interact with their parental cells and confirmed the higher lysosomal entrapment of intraspecies exosomes (intraspecies endocytic uptake). On the other hand, we found that the uptake of cross-species exosomes primarily occurred through membrane fusion, followed by direct cargo release into the cytosol (cross-species direct fusion uptake). We revealed the underlying mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake and subsequent cargo release of exosomes depending on their cell-of-origin and recipient cell types. Overall, this study envisions valuable insights into further advancements in effective drug delivery using exosomes, as well as a comprehensive understanding of cellular communication, including disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Runyao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Youwen Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University─Camden, Camden, New Jersey 08102, United States
| | - Hyunsu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Farbod Shirinichi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Yichun Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Bej E, Cesare P, Volpe AR, d’Angelo M, Castelli V. Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration: Insights and Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson's Disease. Neurol Int 2024; 16:502-517. [PMID: 38804477 PMCID: PMC11130796 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint16030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by the gradual deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Oxidative stress has been identified as a key player in the development of PD in recent studies. In the first part, we discuss the sources of oxidative stress in PD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine metabolism, and neuroinflammation. This paper delves into the possibility of mitigating oxidative stress as a potential treatment approach for PD. In addition, we examine the hurdles and potential of antioxidant therapy, including the challenge of delivering antioxidants to the brain and the requirement for biomarkers to track oxidative stress in PD patients. However, even if antioxidant therapy holds promise, further investigation is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (E.B.); (P.C.); (A.R.V.); (M.d.)
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Singh G, Mehra A, Arora S, Gugulothu D, Vora LK, Prasad R, Khatri DK. Exosome-mediated delivery and regulation in neurological disease progression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130728. [PMID: 38467209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes (EXOs), membranous structures originating from diverse biological sources, have recently seized the attention of researchers due to their theranostic potential for neurological diseases. Released actively by various cells, including stem cells, adipose tissue, and immune cells, EXOs wield substantial regulatory influence over the intricate landscape of neurological complications, exhibiting both positive and negative modulatory effects. In AD, EXOs play a pivotal role in disseminating and breaking down amyloid-β protein. Moreover, EXOs derived from mesenchymal stem cells showcase a remarkable capacity to mitigate pro-inflammatory phenotypes by regulating miRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases. These vesicles possess the unique ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, governing the aggregation of mutant huntingtin protein. Understanding the exosomal functions within the CNS holds significant promise for enhancing treatment efficacy in neurological diseases. This review intricately examines the regulatory mechanisms involving EXOs in neurological disease development, highlighting therapeutic prospects and exploring their utility in exosome-based nanomedicine for various neurological complications. Additionally, the review highlights the challenges associated with drug delivery to the brain, emphasizing the complexities inherent in this critical aspect of neurotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, India
| | - Ankit Mehra
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanchit Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Dalapathi Gugulothu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), M.B. Road, Pushp Vihar, Sector-3, New Delhi 110017, India.
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, India; Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS) Deemed-to-University, Mumbai 400056, India.
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Kim SW, Lim KM, Cho SG, Ryu B, Kim CY, Park SY, Jang K, Jung JH, Park C, Choi C, Kim JH. Efficacy of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Exosomes for the Treatment of Canine Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:282. [PMID: 38254451 PMCID: PMC10812568 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a genetically predisposed inflammatory pruritic skin disease. The available treatments for CAD have several adverse effects and vary in efficacy, indicating the need for the development of improved treatments. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the therapeutic effects of allogeneic and xenogeneic exosomes on CAD. Six laboratory beagle dogs with CAD were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: control, canine exosome (cExos), or human exosome (hExos) groups. Dogs in the cExos and hExos groups were intravenously administered 1.5 mL of cExos (5 × 1010) and hExos (7.5 × 1011) solutions, respectively, while those in the control group were administered 1.5 mL of normal saline three times per week for 4 weeks. Skin lesion score and transepidermal water loss decreased in cExos and hExos groups compared with those in the control group. The exosome treatments decreased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (interferon-γ, interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interleukin-12, interleukin-13, and interleukin-31) but increased those of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β), indicating the immunomodulatory effect of exosomes. Skin microbiome analysis revealed that the exosome treatments alleviated skin bacterial dysbiosis. These results suggest that allogeneic and xenogeneic exosome therapy may alleviate CAD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Won Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (K.-M.L.); (S.-G.C.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (K.-M.L.); (S.-G.C.)
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (B.R.); (C.-Y.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (B.R.); (C.-Y.K.)
| | - Seon Young Park
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Kyungmin Jang
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Jae Heon Jung
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Cheolhyoung Park
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Chulhee Choi
- ILIAS Biologics Inc., Daejeon 34014, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.P.); (K.J.); (J.H.J.); (C.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
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10
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Dolatshahi M, Bahrami AR, Sheikh QI, Ghanbari M, Matin MM. Gastric cancer and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: from pro-tumorigenic effects to anti-cancer vehicles. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:1-19. [PMID: 38151649 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world, with a high mortality rate in both women and men. Conventional treatments, like chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, are facing some drawbacks like acquired drug resistance and various side effects, leading to cancer recurrence and increased morbidity; thus, development of novel approaches in targeted therapy would be very beneficial. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles with a size distribution of sub-150 nm, interplay in physiological and pathophysiological cell-cell communications and can pave the way for targeted cancer therapy. Accumulating pieces of evidence have indicated that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EXs) can act as a double-edged sword in some cancers. The purpose of this review is to assess the differences between stem cell therapy and exosome therapy. Moreover, our aim is to demonstrate how naïve MSCs transform into GC-MSCs in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the tumorigenic and anti-proliferation effects of MSC-EXs derived from different origins were investigated. Finally, we suggest potential modifications and combination options that involve utilizing MSC-EXs from the foreskin and umbilical cord as promising sources to enhance the efficacy of gastric cancer treatment. This approach is presented in contrast to bone marrow cells, which are more heterogeneous, age-related, and are also easily affected by the patient's circulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Dolatshahi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Qaiser Iftikhar Sheikh
- School of Biosciences, Western Bank, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, England, UK
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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11
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Olcar HN, Isildar B, Ozkan S, Ercin M, Gezginci-Oktayoglu S, Koyuturk M. Investigation of conditioned medium properties obtained from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells preconditioned with dimethyloxalylglycine in a correlation with ultrastructural changes. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:159-171. [PMID: 37728208 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold significant therapeutic value due to their regeneration abilities, migration capacity, and immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties. These cells secrete soluble and insoluble factors, and this complex secretome contributes to their therapeutic effect. Furthermore, stimulation of cells by various external stimuli lead to secretome modifications that can increase the therapeutic efficacy. So, this study examined the effect of dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a hypoxia-mimetic agent, on secretome profiles and exosome secretions of MSCs by evaluating conditioned medium (CM) and ultrastructural morphologies of the cells in comparison with unpreconditioned MSCs. The appropriate dose and duration of the use of DMOG were determined as 1000 μM and 24 h by evaluating the HIF-1α expression. DMOG-CM and N-CM were collected from MSCs incubated in serum-free medium with/without DMOG for 24 h, respectively. The content analysis of conditioned mediums (CMs) revealed that VEGF, NGF, and IL-4 levels were increased in DMOG-CM. Subsequently, exosomes were isolated from the CMs and were shown by transmission electron microscopy and Western blot analysis in both groups. The effects of CMs on proliferation and migration were determined by in vitro wound healing tests; both CMs increased the fibroblast's migratory and proliferative capacities. According to the ultrastructural evaluation, autophagosome, autolysosome, myelin figure, and microvesicular body structures were abundant in DMOG-preconditioned MSCs. Consistent with the high number of autophagic vacuoles, Beclin-1 expression was increased in those cells. These findings suggested that DMOG could alter MSCs' secretion profile, modify their ultrastructural morphology accordingly, and make the CM a more potent therapeutic tool. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Preconditioning mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with dimethyloxalylglycine, a hypoxia-mimetic agent, could modify cellular metabolism. Hypoxic mechanisms lead to alterations in the ultrastructural characteristics of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Preconditioning with dimethyloxalylglycine leads to ultrastructural and metabolic changes of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells along with modifications in their secretome profiles. Preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells could render them a more potent therapeutic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Nurdan Olcar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basak Isildar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serbay Ozkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Ercin
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selda Gezginci-Oktayoglu
- Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Kim G, Zhu R, Zhang Y, Jeon H, Wang Y. Fluorescent Chiral Quantum Dots to Unveil Origin-Dependent Exosome Uptake and Cargo Release. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572689. [PMID: 38187632 PMCID: PMC10769435 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are promising nanocarriers for drug delivery. Yet, it is challenging to apply exosomes in clinical use due to the limited understanding of their physiological functions. While cellular uptake of exosomes is generally known through endocytosis and/or membrane fusion, the mechanisms of origin-dependent cellular uptake and subsequent cargo release of exosomes into recipient cells are still unclear. Herein, we investigated the intricate mechanisms of exosome entry into recipient cells and the intracellular cargo release. In this study, we utilized chiral graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as representatives of exosomal cargo, taking advantage of the superior permeability of chiral GQDs into lipid membranes, as well as their excellent optical properties for tracking analysis. We observed a higher uptake rate of exosomes in their parental recipient cells. However, these exosomes were predominantly entrapped in lysosomes through endocytosis (intraspecies endocytic uptake). On the other hand, in non-parental recipient cells, exosomes exhibited a greater inclination for cellular uptake through membrane fusion, followed by direct cargo release into the cytosol (cross-species direct fusion uptake). We revealed the underlying mechanisms involved in the cellular uptake and the subsequent cargo release of exosomes depending on their cell-of-origin and recipient cell types. This study envisions valuable insights into further advancements in the effective drug delivery using exosomes, as well as a comprehensive understanding of cellular communication, including disease pathogenesis.
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13
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Gao C, Liu Y, Zhang TL, Luo Y, Gao J, Chu JJ, Gong BF, Chen XH, Yin T, Zhang J, Yin Y. Biomembrane-Derived Nanoparticles in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Synthetic Lipid Nanoparticles and Natural Cell-Derived Vesicles. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7441-7468. [PMID: 38090364 PMCID: PMC10712251 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Alzheimer's disease used in the clinic predominantly focus on reducing symptoms with limited capability to control disease progression; thus, novel drugs are urgently needed. While nanoparticles (liposomes, high-density lipoprotein-based nanoparticles) constructed with synthetic biomembranes have shown great potential in AD therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, multifunctionality and ability to penetrate the BBB, nanoparticles derived from natural biomembranes (extracellular vesicles, cell membrane-based nanoparticles) display inherent biocompatibility, stability, homing ability and ability to penetrate the BBB, which may present a safer and more effective treatment for AD. In this paper, we reviewed the synthetic and natural biomembrane-derived nanoparticles that are used in AD therapy. The challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomembrane-derived nanoparticles and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Lin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- New Drug Discovery and Development, Biotheus Inc., Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Shanghai Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jian Chu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao-Feng Gong
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Han Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - You Yin
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital) of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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14
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Abyadeh M, Alikhani M, Mirzaei M, Gupta V, Shekari F, Salekdeh GH. Proteomics provides insights into the theranostic potential of extracellular vesicles. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 138:101-133. [PMID: 38220422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse range of membranous structures derived from cells, including exosomes and microvesicles. These vesicles are present in biological fluids and play vital roles in various physiological and pathological processes. They facilitate intercellular communication by enabling the exchange of proteins, lipids, and genetic material between cells. Understanding the cellular processes that govern EV biology is essential for unraveling their physiological and pathological functions and their potential clinical applications. Despite significant advancements in EV research in recent years, there is still much to learn about these vesicles. The advent of improved mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques has allowed for a deeper characterization of EV protein composition, providing valuable insights into their roles in different physiological and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of proteomics studies conducted to identify the protein contents of EVs, which contribute to their therapeutic and pathological features. We also provided evidence on the potential of EV proteome contents as biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, progression, and treatment response, as well as factors that influence their composition. Additionally, we discuss the available databases containing information on EV proteome contents, and finally, we highlight the need for further research to pave the way toward their utilization in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Faqeer A, Wang M, Alam G, Padhiar AA, Zheng D, Luo Z, Zhao IS, Zhou G, van den Beucken JJJP, Wang H, Zhang Y. Cleaved SPP1-rich extracellular vesicles from osteoclasts promote bone regeneration via TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122367. [PMID: 38465579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a tightly coupled process between bone forming osteoblasts (OBs) and bone resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) to maintain bone architecture and systemic mineral homeostasis throughout life. However, the mechanisms responsible for the coupling between OCs and OBs have not been fully elucidated. Herein, we first validate that secreted extracellular vesicles by osteoclasts (OC-EVs) promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and further demonstrate the efficacy of osteoclasts and their secreted EVs in treating tibial bone defects. Furthermore, we show that OC-EVs contain several osteogenesis-promoting proteins as cargo. By employing proteomic and functional analysis, we reveal that mature osteoclasts secrete thrombin cleaved phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) through extracellular vesicles which triggers MSCs osteogenic differentiation into OBs by activating Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGFβ1) and Smad family member 3 (SMAD3) signaling. In conclusion, our findings prove an important role of SPP1, present as cargo in OC-derived EVs, in signaling to MSCs and driving their differentiation into OBs. This biological mechanism implies a paradigm shift regarding the role of osteoclasts and their signaling toward the treatment of skeletal disorders which require bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Faqeer
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Gulzar Alam
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Arshad Ahmed Padhiar
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China; Department of Ecology and Evoluitonary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-3043, USA
| | - Dexiu Zheng
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Zhiming Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China
| | - Jeroen J J P van den Beucken
- Department of Dentistry - Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, 6525EX, the Netherlands; Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboudumc, 6500HB, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518015, China.
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16
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Abdelrasoul M, Yuyama K, Swamy MMM, Murai Y, Monde K. Stereochemistry-activity relationship of ceramide-induced exosome production to clear amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease. Chirality 2023; 35:577-585. [PMID: 37055029 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemistry has a substantial impact on the biological activity of various drugs. We investigated the role of stereochemistry of ceramides in inducing the production of exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle, from neuronal cells, with a potential benefit in improving the clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ), a causal agent of Alzheimer's disease. A stereochemical library of diverse ceramides with different tail lengths was synthesized with the purpose of varying stereochemistry (D-erythro: DE, D-threo: DT, L-erythro: LE, L-threo: LT) and hydrophobic tail length (C6, C16, C18, C24). The exosome levels were quantified using TIM4-based exosome enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after concentrating the conditioned medium using centrifugal filter devices. The results revealed a pivotal role of stereochemistry in determining the biological activity of ceramide stereoisomers, with the superiority of those based on DE and DT stereochemistry with C16 and C18 tails, which demonstrated significantly higher exosome production, without a significant change in the particle size of the released exosomes. In transwell experiments with Aβ-expressed neuronal and microglial cells, DE- and DT-ceramides with C16 and C18 tails significantly decreased extracellular Aβ levels. The results reported here are promising in the design of non-classic therapies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Abdelrasoul
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Kohei Yuyama
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mahadeva M M Swamy
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuta Murai
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Monde
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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17
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Islam A, Mishra A, Ahsan R, Fareha S. Phytopharmaceuticals and Herbal Approaches to Target Neurodegenerative Disorders. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:388-407. [PMID: 37308092 DOI: 10.1055/a-2076-7939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is characterized as the continuous functional and structural loss of neurons, resulting in various clinical and pathological manifestations and loss of functional anatomy. Medicinal plants have been oppressed from ancient years and are highly considered throughout the world as a rich source of therapeutic means for the prevention, treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived medicinal products are becoming popular in India and other nations. Further herbal therapies shows good impact on chronic long term illnesses including degenerative conditions of neurons and brain. The use of herbal medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world. The active phytochemical constituents of individual plants are sometimes insufficient to achieve the desirable therapeutic effects. Combining the multiple herbs in a particular ratio (polyherbalism) will give a better therapeutic effect and reduce toxicity. Herbal-based nanosystems are also being studied as a way to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of phytochemical compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review mainly focuses on the importance of the herbal medicines, polyherbalism and herbal-based nanosystems and its clinical significance for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuradha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, (U.P.) India
| | - Rabia Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Fareha
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University,, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Araldi RP, Delvalle DA, da Costa VR, Alievi AL, Teixeira MR, Dias Pinto JR, Kerkis I. Exosomes as a Nano-Carrier for Chemotherapeutics: A New Era of Oncology. Cells 2023; 12:2144. [PMID: 37681875 PMCID: PMC10486723 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable advancements in oncology, cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Drug resistance mechanisms acquired by cancer cells and inefficient drug delivery limit the therapeutic efficacy of available chemotherapeutics drugs. However, studies have demonstrated that nano-drug carriers (NDCs) can overcome these limitations. In this sense, exosomes emerge as potential candidates for NDCs. This is because exosomes have better organotropism, homing capacity, cellular uptake, and cargo release ability than synthetic NDCs. In addition, exosomes can serve as NDCs for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, this review aimed to summarize the latest advances in cell-free therapy, describing how the exosomes can contribute to each step of the carcinogenesis process and discussing how these nanosized vesicles could be explored as nano-drug carriers for chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
- BioDecision Analytics Ltd.a., São Paulo 13271-650, SP, Brazil;
| | - Denis Adrián Delvalle
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rodrigues da Costa
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Structural and Functional Biology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson Lucas Alievi
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Endocrinology and Metabology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelli Ramires Teixeira
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
- Endocrinology and Metabology Post-Graduation Program, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Federal University (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Irina Kerkis
- Genetics Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (D.A.D.); (V.R.d.C.); (A.L.A.); (M.R.T.)
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19
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Skouras P, Gargalionis AN, Piperi C. Exosomes as Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10162. [PMID: 37373314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes constitute small extracellular vesicles that contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates from the secreted cells and are capable of transmitting signals between cells and coordinating cellular communication. By this means, they are ultimately involved in physiology and disease, including development, homeostasis, and immune system regulation, as well as contributing to tumor progression and neurodegenerative diseases pathology. Recent studies have shown that gliomas secrete a panel of exosomes which have been associated with cell invasion and migration, tumor immune tolerance, potential for malignant transformation, neovascularization, and resistance to treatment. Exosomes have therefore emerged as intercellular communicators, which mediate the tumor-microenvironment interactions and exosome-regulated glioma cell stemness and angiogenesis. They may induce tumor proliferation and malignancy in normal cells by carrying pro-migratory modulators from cancer cells as well as many different molecular cancer modifiers, such as oncogenic transcripts, miRNAs, mutant oncoproteins, etc., which promote the communication of cancer cells with the surrounding stromal cells and provide valuable information on the molecular profile of the existing tumor. Moreover, engineered exosomes can provide an alternative system for drug delivery and enable efficient treatment. In the present review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of exosomes in glioma pathogenesis, their utility in non-invasive diagnosis, and potential applications to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Skouras
- Department of Neurosurgery, 'Evangelismos' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10676 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Biopathology, 'Eginition' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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20
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Abdelsalam M, Ahmed M, Osaid Z, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Insights into Exosome Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Potential Therapeutical Applications in Brain Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:571. [PMID: 37111328 PMCID: PMC10144189 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective physiological barrier located at the brain microvessels that regulates the flow of cells, molecules and ions between the blood and the brain. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles expressed by all cell types and that function as cargos, allowing for communication between the cells. The exosomes were shown to cross or regulate the BBB in healthy and disease conditions. However, the mechanistic pathways by which exosomes cross the BBB have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we explore the transport mechanisms of exosomes through the BBB. A large body of evidence suggests that exosome transport through the BBB occurs primarily through transcytosis. The transcytosis mechanisms are influenced by several regulators. Inflammation and metastasis also enhance exosome trafficking across the BBB. We also shed light on the therapeutical applications of exosomes for treating brain diseases. Further investigations are essential to provide clearer insights related to trafficking of exosomes across the BBB and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munazza Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zaynab Osaid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates; (M.A.); (M.A.); (Z.O.)
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Sarasati A, Syahruddin MH, Nuryanti A, Ana ID, Barlian A, Wijaya CH, Ratnadewi D, Wungu TDK, Takemori H. Plant-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications and Regenerative Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041053. [PMID: 37189671 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs) comprise various bioactive biomolecules. As an alternative cell-free therapeutic approach, they have the potential to deliver nano-bioactive compounds to the human body, and thus lead to various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor benefits. Moreover, it is known that Indonesia is one of the herbal centers of the world, with an abundance of unexplored sources of PDENs. This encouraged further research in biomedical science to develop natural richness in plants as a source for human welfare. This study aims to verify the potential of PDENs for biomedical purposes, especially for regenerative therapy applications, by collecting and analyzing data from the latest relevant research and developments.
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22
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Morena E, Romano C, Marconi M, Diamant S, Buscarinu MC, Bellucci G, Romano S, Scarabino D, Salvetti M, Ristori G. Peripheral Biomarkers in Manifest and Premanifest Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076051. [PMID: 37047023 PMCID: PMC10094222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by clinical motor impairment (e.g., involuntary movements, poor coordination, parkinsonism), cognitive deficits, and psychiatric symptoms. An inhered expansion of the CAG triplet in the huntingtin gene causing a pathogenic gain-of-function of the mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein has been identified. In this review, we focus on known biomarkers (e.g., mHTT, neurofilament light chains) and on new biofluid biomarkers that can be quantified in plasma or peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mHTT carriers. Circulating biomarkers may fill current unmet needs in HD management: better stratification of patients amenable to etiologic treatment; the initiation of preventive treatment in premanifest HD; and the identification of peripheral pathogenic central nervous system cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Morena
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Romano
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Marconi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Selene Diamant
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Buscarinu
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Bellucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Romano
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Scarabino
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Salvetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INM) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ristori
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
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23
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Iranpanah A, Kooshki L, Moradi SZ, Saso L, Fakhri S, Khan H. The Exosome-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031006. [PMID: 36986865 PMCID: PMC10057486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As major public health concerns associated with a rapidly growing aging population, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and neurological diseases are important causes of disability and mortality. Neurological diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies have indicated that apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress are the main players of NDDs and have critical roles in neurodegenerative processes. During the aforementioned inflammatory/apoptotic/oxidative stress procedures, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a crucial role. Considering the functional and structural aspects of the blood-brain barrier, drug delivery to the central nervous system is relatively challenging. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound carriers that can be secreted by cells and carry several cargoes, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and metabolites. Exosomes significantly take part in the intercellular communications due to their specific features including low immunogenicity, flexibility, and great tissue/cell penetration capabilities. Due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, these nano-sized structures have been introduced as proper vehicles for central nervous system drug delivery by multiple studies. In the present systematic review, we highlight the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes in the context of NDDs and neurological diseases by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Zhang J, Chen C, Becker R, Rufo J, Yang S, Mai J, Zhang P, Gu Y, Wang Z, Ma Z, Xia J, Hao N, Tian Z, Wong DT, Sadovsky Y, Lee LP, Huang TJ. A solution to the biophysical fractionation of extracellular vesicles: Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade0640. [PMID: 36417505 PMCID: PMC9683722 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-precision isolation of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from biofluids is essential toward developing next-generation liquid biopsies and regenerative therapies. However, current methods of sEV separation require specialized equipment and time-consuming protocols and have difficulties producing highly pure subpopulations of sEVs. Here, we present Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER), which allows single-step, rapid (<10 min), high-purity (>96% small exosomes, >80% exomeres) fractionation of sEV subpopulations from biofluids without the need for any sample preprocessing. Particles are iteratively deflected in a size-selective manner via an excitation resonance. This previously unidentified phenomenon generates patterns of virtual, tunable, pillar-like acoustic field in a fluid using surface acoustic waves. Highly precise sEV fractionation without the need for sample preprocessing or complex nanofabrication methods has been demonstrated using ANSWER, showing potential as a powerful tool that will enable more in-depth studies into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functionality of sEV subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhehan Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - David T. W. Wong
- School of Dentistry and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Raghav A, Singh M, Jeong GB, Giri R, Agarwal S, Kala S, Gautam KA. Extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases: A systematic review. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1061076. [PMID: 36504676 PMCID: PMC9729355 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1061076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to have a significant role in the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegenerative disease. Methods PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were used to identify published articles about EV modifications (2012 to Feb 2022). Results In total, 1,435 published papers were identified among the searched articles, with 1,128 non-duplicate publications being identified. Following the screening of titles and abstracts, 214 publications were excluded; following the full-text screening of 93 published articles, another 33 publications were excluded. The remaining 60 studies were considered. The kappa statistic of 0.868 indicated that the raters were highly reliable. Furthermore, the inter-reliability and intra-reliability coefficients were found to be 0.931 and 0.908, respectively, indicating strong reliability and consistency between the eligible studies identified by the raters. A total of 27 relevant studies demonstrated the role of EVs as therapeutic and diagnostic biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. Of note, 19 and 14 studies, respectively, found EVs to be pioneering in diagnostic and therapeutic roles. Discussion EVs play an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), aiding in cell-to-cell communication and serving as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. EVs are the home of several proteins [including-synuclein (-syn) and tau proteins], lipids, and genetic materials such as DNA and RNA. The presence of novel miRNAs in EVs suggests biomarkers for the diagnosis and screening of neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, EVs play an important role in the pathogenesis of such disorders. This systematic review discussed the current state of EVs' role in neurological diseases, as well as some preclinical studies on the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Raghav
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Goo-Bo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Richa Giri
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- KPS PG Institute of Medicine, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saurabh Agarwal
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- KPS PG Institute of Medicine, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Kala
- Department of Surgery, Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Memorial Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kirti Amresh Gautam
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, School of Engineering and Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Liu SF, Li LY, Zhuang JL, Li MM, Ye LC, Chen XR, Lin S, Chen CN. Update on the application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Front Neurol 2022; 13:950715. [PMID: 36262830 PMCID: PMC9573985 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.950715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has become the second largest neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, and its incidence is increasing year by year. Traditional dopamine replacement therapy and deep brain stimulation can only alleviate the clinical symptoms of patients with PD but cannot cure the disease. In recent years, stem cell therapy has been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Many studies have shown that stem cell transplantation has a therapeutic effect on PD. Here, we review recent studies indicating that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells also have the potential to treat PD in animal models, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. This article reviews the mechanisms through which exosomes are involved in intercellular information exchange, promote neuroprotection and freely cross the blood-brain barrier in the treatment of PD. The increase in the incidence of PD and the decline in the quality of life of patients with advanced PD have placed a heavy burden on patients, families and society. Therefore, innovative therapies for PD are urgently needed. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the effects of exosomes in PD, to provide new insights into the treatment of PD. The main purpose of this article is to explore the therapeutic potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and future research directions for this degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-fen Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Lin-yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jian-long Zhuang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Mi-mi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li-chao Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-rong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Shu Lin
| | - Chun-nuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-nuan Chen
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AbuBakr N, Fares AE, Mostafa A, Farag DB. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived microvesicles versus platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of monoiodoacetate-induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis in Albino rats. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10857. [PMID: 36212013 PMCID: PMC9539788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a serious disease, designated by severe joint pain and dysfunction. Limitations of current therapeutics have led to an increased interest in regenerative strategies. Recently, the non-surgical treatment of OA has seen increased use of biologic injectable therapies like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Although these biotherapies represent an admirable effort, more studies are necessary to determine their efficacy. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the curative potential of a single intra-articular injection of bone marrow MSCs-derived microvesicles (BM-MSCs-MVs) versus a single intra-articular injection of PRP in monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced TMJ-OA model in Albino rats. Forty-eight male rats were used. A single intra-articular unilateral MIA injection was utilized to induce TMJ-OA. One week post induction, rats were sorted into 3 groups (16 rats each): group (I): received no treatment, groups (II) & (III): received BM-MSCs-MVs and PRP respectively. Scarification was done at 2 and 4 weeks from onset of treatment. Histological changes of the condylar TMJ were examined with H&E staining. Expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-13, MMP-3, and collagen ΙΙ markers was detected using real-time PCR. Histologically, the osteoarthritic group exhibited degenerated condylar tissues which were aggravated at 4 weeks. Oppositely, a marked improvement in the condylar TMJ histology was noticed in both the BM-MSCs-MVs-and PRP-treated groups at both time intervals. Additionally, the treated groups showed a decrease in IL-1β, TNF-α, NF-κB, MMP-13 and MMP-3 and an increase in collagen ΙΙ genes expression in contrast to the untreated group. Moreover, this difference was significant in the BM-MSCs-MVs group as compared to the PRP-treated group. Our results concluded that BM-MSCs-MVs as well as PRP treatments were able to target the key pathological features in OA, mainly inflammation and matrix degradation, and helped in restoring condylar structure in TMJ-OA rat model. However, BM-MSCs-MVs treatment exhibited more efficient therapeutic potential as compared to PRP treatment.
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Rhaman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Mim M, Noor alam M, Nepovimova E, Valis M, Kuca K, Sharma R. Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:989471. [PMID: 36120565 PMCID: PMC9478743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.989471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rhaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mobasharah Mim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Noor alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Md. Mominur Rhaman, ; Rohit Sharma,
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Akash S, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Ray TK, Rahaman MS, Islam M, Anika F, Hosain MK, Aovi FI, Hemeg HA, Rauf A, Wilairatana P. Recent advancements of nanoparticles application in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: At a glance. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113305. [PMID: 35717779 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is one of the innovative approaches to heal multitudes of ailments, such as varieties of malignancies, neurological problems, and infectious illnesses. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may be modified in aspect because of their ability to stimulate physiological response while limiting negative consequences by interfacing and activating possible targets. Nanomaterials have been extensively studied and employed for cancerous therapeutic strategies since nanomaterials potentially play a significant role in medical transportation. When compared to conventional drug delivery, nanocarriers drug delivery offers various benefits, such as excellent reliability, bioactivity, improved penetration and retention impact, as well as precise targeting and administering. Upregulation of drug efflux transporters, dysfunctional apoptotic mechanisms, and a hypoxic atmosphere are all elements that lead to cancer treatment sensitivity in humans. It has been possible to target these pathways using nanoparticles and increase the effectiveness of multidrug resistance treatments. As innovative strategies of tumor chemoresistance are uncovered, nanomaterials are being developed to target specific pathways of tumor resilience. Scientists have recently begun investigating the function of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, a field that is becoming increasingly useful in the care of malignancies. Nanoscale therapeutics have been explored in this scientific literature and represent the most current approaches to neurodegenerative illnesses and cancer therapy. In addition, current findings and various biomedical nanomaterials' future promise for tissue regeneration, prospective medication design, and the synthesis of novel delivery approaches have been emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tanmay Kumar Ray
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fazilatunnesa Anika
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kawser Hosain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Islam Aovi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, 1207 Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Madinah Al-Monawra 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on spinal cord injury patients. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:373-384. [PMID: 35697943 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic injury with sensory and motor deficits that more than 1 million patients worldwide suffer from disability due to it. Many pharmacological therapies help reduce SCI-related injury and protect CNS from more damage but no current therapy could improve the axonal repair. In this regard, stem cell therapy is considered a regenerative method for SCI patient treatment. The neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factor secretion, differentiation, neuroprotecting, and remyelinating properties have made mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) principally useful in this field. There are studies on the role of MSCs in patients suffering from SCI. However, low number of SCI patients and the lack of control groups in these studies, the cell transplantation appropriate methods, including cell source, dose, route of delivery, and transplantation timing, are various in trials. This study reviews the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation in SCI clinical studies with a special focus on the MSC properties and limitations of MSC transplantation.
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Huntingtin Co-Isolates with Small Extracellular Vesicles from Blood Plasma of TgHD and KI-HD Pig Models of Huntington's Disease and Human Blood Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105598. [PMID: 35628406 PMCID: PMC9147436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Huntington’s disease (HD) is rare incurable hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG repeat expansion in the gene coding for the protein huntingtin (HTT). Mutated huntingtin (mHTT) undergoes fragmentation and accumulation, affecting cellular functions and leading to neuronal cell death. Porcine models of HD are used in preclinical testing of currently emerging disease modifying therapies. Such therapies are aimed at reducing mHTT expression, postpone the disease onset, slow down the progression, and point out the need of biomarkers to monitor disease development and therapy efficacy. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, gained attention as possible carriers of disease biomarkers. We aimed to characterize HTT and mHTT forms/fragments in blood plasma derived EVs in transgenic (TgHD) and knock-in (KI-HD) porcine models, as well as in HD patients’ plasma. (2) Methods: Small EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and HTT forms were visualized by western blotting. (3) Results: The full length 360 kDa HTT co-isolated with EVs from both the pig model and HD patient plasma. In addition, a ~70 kDa mutant HTT fragment was specific for TgHD pigs. Elevated total huntingtin levels in EVs from plasma of HD groups compared to controls were observed in both pig models and HD patients, however only in TgHD were they significant (p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: Our study represents a valuable initial step towards the characterization of EV content in the search for HD biomarkers.
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Baek S, Jeon M, Jung HN, Lee W, Hwang JE, Lee JS, Choi Y, Im HJ. M1 Macrophage-Derived Exosome-Mimetic Nanovesicles with an Enhanced Cancer Targeting Ability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2862-2869. [PMID: 35561258 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been found to be effective therapeutic drug delivery vehicles in a wide range of human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Proinflammatory (M1) macrophages can modulate the suppressive immune environment of tumor tissues to be more inflammatory and have been considered as candidates for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, macrophage-derived exosome-mimetic nanovesicles (MNVs) could effectively induce antitumor response and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a recent paper. However, multiple studies indicate that EVs were rapidly cleared by the reticuloendothelial system, and therefore, their tumor targeting efficiencies were limited. Herein, we developed a simple surface modification method of MNVs using polyethylene glycol (PEG) to enhance the in vivo tumor targeting efficiency. PEG-MNVs had 7-fold higher blood circulation than bare MNVs in the animal tumor model. Also, MNVs had a 25-fold higher protein amount than exosomes. Overall, the nanovesicle preparation strategies presented in this study may expedite the clinical translation of EV-based therapeutics in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungki Baek
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyeon Jeon
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Na Jung
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseung Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Hwang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seob Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Choi
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Im
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ye Q, Xu H, Liu S, Li Z, Zhou J, Ding F, Zhang X, Wang Y, Jin Y, Wang Q. Apoptotic extracellular vesicles alleviate Pg-LPS induced inflammation of macrophages via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway and inhibit adjacent osteoclasts formation. J Periodontol 2022; 93:1738-1751. [PMID: 35499816 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is caused by the imbalance of anti-bacteria immune response and excessive inflammation whereas macrophages play an important role in inflammation. Thus, it is critical for finding efficient anti-inflammatory strategies to alleviate periodontal inflammation and prevent bone destruction. Apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exerts immune silencing effects, however, using these effects to develop anti-inflammatory strategies remains unknown. In our study, we extracted apoptotic extracellular vesicles (ApoEVs) from bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and found ApoEVs inhibited macrophages polarizing into the pro-inflammatory condition via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. Besides that, we also found ApoEVs inhibited osteoclasts formation by suppressing the secretion of TNF-α of pro-inflammatory macrophages. METHODS BMMSCs derived ApoEVs were extracted by gradient centrifugation. Protein expression level and secreted cytokines of ApoEVs treated macrophages were examined by western blot and ELISA, respectively. Besides, the change of NF-κB pathway and related molecules were examined by immunofluorescence and western blot. The osteoclasts formation under the different conditioned mediums from macrophages was measured by TRAP staining, MMP-9 expression, and pit assay. RESULTS ApoEVs were extracted from staurosporine-induced apoptotic BMMSCs and were in sphere shapes whose diameters are between 100 - 1000 nm. ApoEVs could be phagocyted by macrophages and in turn reduce the expression of COX2 in pro-inflammatory macrophages. Besides that, ApoEVs suppressed the secretions of TNF-α and IL-6 while elevating the secretion of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies revealed that ApoEVs inhibited macrophages polarizing into pro-inflammatory phenotypes via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway. In addition, ApoEVs inhibited osteoclasts differentiation and bone resorption measured by TRAP staining, MMP-9 expression, and pit resorption area by downregulating the secretion of TNF-α of pro-inflammatory macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that ApoEVs inhibited macrophages to skew into pro-inflammatory phenotypes via AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway and suppress adjacent osteoclasts formation by reducing the secretion of TNF-α. Our findings shed a light on the treatment for periodontitis based on EVs therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Haokun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xige Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qintao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology& National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases& Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Recent advances for cancer detection and treatment by microfluidic technology, review and update. Biol Proced Online 2022; 24:5. [PMID: 35484481 PMCID: PMC9052508 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-022-00166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cancer-associated deaths are owing to a lack of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Microfluidic systems for analyzing a low volume of samples offer a precise, quick, and user-friendly technique for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Microfluidic devices can detect many cancer-diagnostic factors from biological fluids and also generate appropriate nanoparticles for drug delivery. Thus, microfluidics may be valuable in the cancer field due to its high sensitivity, high throughput, and low cost. In the present article, we aim to review recent achievements in the application of microfluidic systems for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. Although microfluidic platforms are not yet used in the clinic, they are expected to become the main technology for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Microfluidic systems are proving to be more sensitive and accurate for the detection of cancer biomarkers and therapeutic strategies than common assays. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platforms have shown remarkable potential in the designing of novel procedures for cancer detection, therapy, and disease follow-up as well as the development of new drug delivery systems for cancer treatment.
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35
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Lazar SV, Mor S, Wang D, Goldbloom-Helzner L, Clark K, Hao D, Farmer DL, Wang A. Engineering extracellular vesicles for Alzheimer's disease: An emerging cell-free approach for earlier diagnosis and treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1541. [PMID: 35266650 PMCID: PMC9397584 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder affecting over five million people globally and has no established cure. Current AD-related treatments only alleviate cognitive and behavioral symptoms and do not address disease onset or progression, underlining the unmet need to create an effective, innovative AD therapeutic. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a new class of nanotherapeutics. These secreted, lipid-bound cellular signaling carriers show promise for potential clinical applications for neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Additionally, analyzing contents and characteristics of patient-derived EVs may address the unmet need for earlier AD diagnostic techniques, informing physicians of altered genetic expression or cellular communications specific to healthy and diseased physiological states. There are numerous recent advances in regenerative medicine using EVs and include bioengineering perspectives to modify EVs, target glial cells in neurodegenerative diseases like AD, and potentially use EVs to diagnose and treat AD earlier. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Stem Cells and Development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirjan Mor
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
| | - David Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Leora Goldbloom-Helzner
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis
| | - Kaitlin Clark
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Diana Lee Farmer
- Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California – Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California, Davis
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In-Cell Labeling Coupled to Direct Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles in the Conditioned Medium to Study Extracellular Vesicles Secretion with Minimum Sample Processing and Particle Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030351. [PMID: 35159161 PMCID: PMC8833937 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in a multitude of physiological functions and play important roles in health and disease. The largest proportion of studies on EVs is based on the analysis and characterization of EVs secreted in the cell culture medium. These studies remain challenging due to the small size of the EV particles, a lack of universal EV markers, and sample loss or technical artifacts that are often associated with EV labeling for single particle tracking and/or separation techniques. To address these problems, we characterized and validated a method for in-cell EV labeling with fluorescent lipids coupled with direct analysis of lipid-labeled EVs in the conditioned medium by imaging flow cytometry (IFC). This approach significantly reduces sample processing and loss compared to established methods for EV separation and labeling in vitro, resulting in improved detection of quantitative changes in EV secretion and subpopulations compared to protocols that rely on EV separation by size-exclusion chromatography and ultracentrifugation. Our optimized protocol for in-cell EV labeling and analysis of the conditioned medium reduces EV sample processing and loss, and is well-suited for cell biology studies that focus on modulation of EV secretion by cells in culture.
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Ridzuan N, Widera D, Yahaya BH. Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2429:271-280. [PMID: 35507168 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1979-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells/marrow stromal cells (MSC) have been widely studied. Since they are hypoimmunogenic, MSC can escape immune recognition, thus making them an attractive tool in clinical settings beyond autologous cell-based therapy. Paracrine factors including extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSC play a significant role in exerting therapeutic effects of MSC. Since their first discovery, MSC-EVs have been widely studied in an attempt to tackle the mechanisms of their therapeutic effects in various disease models. However, currently there are no standard methods to isolate EVs. Here, we describe a differential centrifugation-based protocol for isolation of EVs derived from human umbilical cord MSC (huc-MSC). In addition, the protocol describes methods for characterization of the EVs using transmission electron microscope, Western blot, and nanoparticle tracking analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noridzzaida Ridzuan
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
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Kim GU, Sung SE, Kang KK, Choi JH, Lee S, Sung M, Yang SY, Kim SK, Kim YI, Lim JH, Seo MS, Lee GW. Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and MSC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413672. [PMID: 34948463 PMCID: PMC8703906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition that leads to permanent disability with partial or complete loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions. SCI is usually caused by initial mechanical insult, followed by a cascade of several neuroinflammation and structural changes. For ameliorating the neuroinflammatory cascades, MSC has been regarded as a therapeutic agent. The animal SCI research has demonstrated that MSC can be a valuable therapeutic agent with several growth factors and cytokines that may induce anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. However, the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in animal SCI models is inconsistent, and the optimal method of MSCs remains debatable. Moreover, there are several limitations to developing these therapeutic agents for humans. Therefore, identifying novel agents for regenerative medicine is necessary. Extracellular vesicles are a novel source for regenerative medicine; they possess nucleic acids, functional proteins, and bioactive lipids and perform various functions, including damaged tissue repair, immune response regulation, and reduction of inflammation. MSC-derived exosomes have advantages over MSCs, including small dimensions, low immunogenicity, and no need for additional procedures for culture expansion or delivery. Certain studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, exhibit outstanding chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we reviewed the principles and patho-mechanisms and summarized the research outcomes of MSCs and MSC-derived EVs for SCI, reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Un Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hanil General Hospital, 308 Uicheon-ro, Dobong-gu, Seoul 01450, Korea;
| | - Soo-Eun Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joo-Hee Choi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Sijoon Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Minkyoung Sung
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Life and Industry Convergence Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Efficacy Evaluation Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, 61Heolleungro 8-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06800, Korea;
| | | | - Ju-Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Chungbuk 28160, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Seo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu 41061, Korea; (S.-E.S.); (K.-K.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.L.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- Cellexobio, Co. Ltd., Daegu 42415, Korea;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-S.S.); (G.W.L.); Tel.: +82-53-7905727 (M.S.S.); +82-53-6203642 (G.W.L.)
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Viral Membrane Fusion Proteins and RNA Sorting Mechanisms for the Molecular Delivery by Exosomes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113043. [PMID: 34831268 PMCID: PMC8622164 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of precision medicine critically depends on the robustness and specificity of the carriers used for the targeted delivery of effector molecules in the human body. Numerous nanocarriers have been explored in vivo, to ensure the precise delivery of molecular cargos via tissue-specific targeting, including the endocrine part of the pancreas, thyroid, and adrenal glands. However, even after reaching the target organ, the cargo-carrying vehicle needs to enter the cell and then escape lysosomal destruction. Most artificial nanocarriers suffer from intrinsic limitations that prevent them from completing the specific delivery of the cargo. In this respect, extracellular vesicles (EVs) seem to be the natural tool for payload delivery due to their versatility and low toxicity. However, EV-mediated delivery is not selective and is usually short-ranged. By inserting the viral membrane fusion proteins into exosomes, it is possible to increase the efficiency of membrane recognition and also ease the process of membrane fusion. This review describes the molecular details of the viral-assisted interaction between the target cell and EVs. We also discuss the question of the usability of viral fusion proteins in developing extracellular vesicle-based nanocarriers with a higher efficacy of payload delivery. Finally, this review specifically highlights the role of Gag and RNA binding proteins in RNA sorting into EVs.
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Rinoldi C, Zargarian SS, Nakielski P, Li X, Liguori A, Petronella F, Presutti D, Wang Q, Costantini M, De Sio L, Gualandi C, Ding B, Pierini F. Nanotechnology-Assisted RNA Delivery: From Nucleic Acid Therapeutics to COVID-19 Vaccines. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100402. [PMID: 34514087 PMCID: PMC8420172 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the main quest of science has been the pioneering of the groundbreaking biomedical strategies needed for achieving a personalized medicine. Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are outstanding bioactive macromolecules identified as pivotal actors in regulating a wide range of biochemical pathways. The ability to intimately control the cell fate and tissue activities makes RNA-based drugs the most fascinating family of bioactive agents. However, achieving a widespread application of RNA therapeutics in humans is still a challenging feat, due to both the instability of naked RNA and the presence of biological barriers aimed at hindering the entrance of RNA into cells. Recently, material scientists' enormous efforts have led to the development of various classes of nanostructured carriers customized to overcome these limitations. This work systematically reviews the current advances in developing the next generation of drugs based on nanotechnology-assisted RNA delivery. The features of the most used RNA molecules are presented, together with the development strategies and properties of nanostructured vehicles. Also provided is an in-depth overview of various therapeutic applications of the presented systems, including coronavirus disease vaccines and the newest trends in the field. Lastly, emerging challenges and future perspectives for nanotechnology-mediated RNA therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Rinoldi
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Pawel Nakielski
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityWest Yan'an Road 1882Shanghai200051China
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of BolognaUniversity of BolognaVia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
| | - Francesca Petronella
- Institute of Crystallography CNR‐ICNational Research Council of ItalyVia Salaria Km 29.300Monterotondo – Rome00015Italy
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciencesul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52Warsaw01‐224Poland
| | - Qiusheng Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityWest Yan'an Road 1882Shanghai200051China
| | - Marco Costantini
- Institute of Physical ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciencesul. M. Kasprzaka 44/52Warsaw01‐224Poland
| | - Luciano De Sio
- Department of Medico‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesResearch Center for BiophotonicsSapienza University of RomeCorso della Repubblica 79Latina04100Italy
- CNR‐Lab. LicrylInstitute NANOTECArcavacata di Rende87036Italy
| | - Chiara Gualandi
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician” and INSTM UdR of BolognaUniversity of BolognaVia Selmi 2Bologna40126Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials TechnologyCIRI‐MAMUniversity of BolognaViale Risorgimento 2Bologna40136Italy
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and TechnologyDonghua UniversityWest Yan'an Road 1882Shanghai200051China
| | - Filippo Pierini
- Department of Biosystems and Soft MatterInstitute of Fundamental Technological ResearchPolish Academy of Sciencesul. Pawińskiego 5BWarsaw02‐106Poland
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41
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Su Q, Wu H, Zhang Z, Lu C, Zhang L, Zuo L. Exosome-Derived Long Non-Coding RNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:719863. [PMID: 34490118 PMCID: PMC8417445 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.719863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As a result of the inconsistency between reports, a meta-analysis was designed to appraise the clinical implications of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in exosomes for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were searched to identify the relevant literature on lncRNAs in exosomes for bladder cancer diagnosis from database inception to May 2021. The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 entry tool was applied to evaluate the quality of the literature, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored using meta-regression and subgroup analysis. Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.3 software were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 23 studies described in 10 articles were included, with a total of 1883 patients with bladder cancer and 1721 patients in the non-cancerous control group. The exosome-derived lncRNAs performed better in the diagnosis of bladder cancer with a pooled sensitivity of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69-0.77), specificity of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.80), and area under the curve of 0.83. The heterogeneity between studies was partly as a result of differences in specimen type, number of lncRNAs, lncRNA expression form, and reference gene type. Subgroup analysis showed that the detection efficacy based on the combination of multiple lncRNAs (0.86, 95% CI, 0.82-0.88) was higher than that based on a single lncRNA (0.81, 95% CI, 0.78-0.85), and exosomal lncRNAs with blood as the detection sample had a high diagnostic efficacy (0.86, 95% CI, 0.82-0.86). Conclusions Exosome-derived lncRNAs hold great promise as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of bladder cancer. However, their clinical value needs to be examined in further comprehensive prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Su
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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42
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Atkinson SP. A Preview of Select Articles. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 9:417-419. [PMID: 32227467 PMCID: PMC7103621 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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43
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Fractionating stem cells secretome for Parkinson's disease modeling: Is it the whole better than the sum of its parts? Biochimie 2021; 189:87-98. [PMID: 34182001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) secretome has been have been at the forefront of a new wave of possible therapeutic strategies for central nervous system neurodegenerative disorders, as Parkinson's disease (PD). While within its protein fraction, several promising proteins were already identified with therapeutic properties on PD, the potential of hMSCs-secretome vesicular fraction remains to be elucidated. Such highlighting is important, since hMSCs secretome-derived vesicles can act as biological nanoparticles with beneficial effects in different pathological contexts. Therefore, in this work, we have isolated hMSCs secretome vesicular fraction, and assessed their impact on neuronal survival, and differentiation on human neural progenitors' cells (hNPCs), and in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of PD when compared to hMSCs secretome (as a whole) and its protein derived fraction. From the results, we have found hMSCs vesicular fraction as polydispersity source of vesicles, which when applied in vitro was able to induce hNPCs differentiation at the same levels as the whole secretome, while the protein separated fraction was not able to induce such effect. In the context of PD, although distinct effects were observed, hMSCs secretome and its derived fractions displayed a positive impact on animals' motor and histological performance, thereby indicating that hMSCs secretome and its different fractions may impact different mechanisms and pathways. Overall, we concluded that the use of the secretome collected from hMSCs and its different fractions might be active modulators of different neuroregeneration mechanisms, which could open new therapeutical opportunities for their future use as a treatment for PD.
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44
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Alzhrani GN, Alanazi ST, Alsharif SY, Albalawi AM, Alsharif AA, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Elsherbiny N. Exosomes: Isolation, characterization, and biomedical applications. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1807-1831. [PMID: 33913604 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized bioactive vesicles of 30-150 nm in diameter. They are secreted by exocytosis of nearly all type of cells in to the extracellular fluid. Thereby, they can be found in many biological fluids. Exosomes regulate intracellular communication between cells via delivery of their cargo which include lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid. Many desirable features of exosomes made them promising candidates in several therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss the use of exosomes as diagnostic tools and their possible biomedical applications. Additionally, current techniques used for isolation, purification, and characterization of exosomes from both biological fluids and in vitro cell cultures were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadi N Alzhrani
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah T Alanazi
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah Y Alsharif
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M Albalawi
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar A Alsharif
- Pharm D Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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45
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Marsh SR, Williams ZJ, Pridham KJ, Gourdie RG. Peptidic Connexin43 Therapeutics in Cardiac Reparative Medicine. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:52. [PMID: 34063001 PMCID: PMC8147937 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin (Cx43)-formed channels have been linked to cardiac arrhythmias and diseases of the heart associated with myocardial tissue loss and fibrosis. These pathologies include ischemic heart disease, ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. A number of Cx43 mimetic peptides have been reported as therapeutic candidates for targeting disease processes linked to Cx43, including some that have advanced to clinical testing in humans. These peptides include Cx43 sequences based on the extracellular loop domains (e.g., Gap26, Gap 27, and Peptide5), cytoplasmic-loop domain (Gap19 and L2), and cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal domain (e.g., JM2, Cx43tat, CycliCX, and the alphaCT family of peptides) of this transmembrane protein. Additionally, RYYN peptides binding to the Cx43 carboxyl-terminus have been described. In this review, we survey preclinical and clinical data available on short mimetic peptides based on, or directly targeting, Cx43, with focus on their potential for treating heart disease. We also discuss problems that have caused reluctance within the pharmaceutical industry to translate peptidic therapeutics to the clinic, even when supporting preclinical data is strong. These issues include those associated with the administration, stability in vivo, and tissue penetration of peptide-based therapeutics. Finally, we discuss novel drug delivery technologies including nanoparticles, exosomes, and other nanovesicular carriers that could transform the clinical and commercial viability of Cx43-targeting peptides in treatment of heart disease, stroke, cancer, and other indications requiring oral or parenteral administration. Some of these newly emerging approaches to drug delivery may provide a path to overcoming pitfalls associated with the drugging of peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer R. Marsh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (S.R.M.); (Z.J.W.); (K.J.P.)
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Zachary J. Williams
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (S.R.M.); (Z.J.W.); (K.J.P.)
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Kevin J. Pridham
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (S.R.M.); (Z.J.W.); (K.J.P.)
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Robert G. Gourdie
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (S.R.M.); (Z.J.W.); (K.J.P.)
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Translational Biology Medicine and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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46
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The Role of Exosomes in Lysosomal Storage Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040576. [PMID: 33920837 PMCID: PMC8071119 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, small membrane-bound organelles formed from endosomal membranes, represent a heterogenous source of biological and pathological biomarkers capturing the metabolic status of a cell. Exosomal cargo, including lipids, proteins, mRNAs, and miRNAs, can either act as inter-cellular messengers or are shuttled for autophagic/lysosomal degradation. Most cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) release exosomes, which serve as long and short distance communicators between neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. Lysosomal storage disorders are diseases characterized by the accumulation of partially or undigested cellular waste. The exosomal content in these diseases is intrinsic to each individual disorder. Emerging research indicates that lysosomal dysfunction enhances exocytosis, and hence, in lysosomal disorders, exosomal secretion may play a role in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the unique properties of exosomes and their ability to carry cargo between adjacent cells and organs, and across the blood-brain barrier, make them attractive candidates for use as therapeutic delivery vehicles. Thus, understanding exosomal content and function may have utility in the treatment of specific lysosomal storage disorders. Since lysosomal dysfunction and the deficiency of at least one lysosomal enzyme, glucocerebrosidase, is associated with the development of parkinsonism, the study and use of exosomes may contribute to an improved understanding of Parkinson disease, potentially leading to new therapeutics.
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47
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Harman RM, Marx C, Van de Walle GR. Translational Animal Models Provide Insight Into Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (MSC) Secretome Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:654885. [PMID: 33869217 PMCID: PMC8044970 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.654885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) secretome, consisting of all molecules secreted by MSCs, is intensively studied. MSCs can be readily isolated, expanded, and manipulated in culture, and few people argue with the ethics of their collection. Despite promising pre-clinical studies, most MSC secretome-based therapies have not been implemented in human medicine, in part because the complexity of bioactive factors secreted by MSCs is not completely understood. In addition, the MSC secretome is variable, influenced by individual donor, tissue source of origin, culture conditions, and passage. An increased understanding of the factors that make up the secretome and the ability to manipulate MSCs to consistently secrete factors of biologic importance will improve MSC therapy. To aid in this goal, we can draw from the wealth of information available on secreted factors from MSC isolated from veterinary species. These translational animal models will inspire efforts to move human MSC secretome therapy from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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48
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Przybyl L, Wozna-Wysocka M, Kozlowska E, Fiszer A. What, When and How to Measure-Peripheral Biomarkers in Therapy of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041561. [PMID: 33557131 PMCID: PMC7913877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the main challenges in further advancing therapeutic strategies for Huntington’s disease (HD) is the development of biomarkers which must be applied to assess the efficiency of the treatment. HD is a dreadful neurodegenerative disorder which has its source of pathogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) but is reflected by symptoms in the periphery. Visible symptoms include motor deficits and slight changes in peripheral tissues, which can be used as hallmarks for prognosis of the course of HD, e.g., the onset of the disease symptoms. Knowing how the pathology develops in the context of whole organisms is crucial for the development of therapy which would be the most beneficial for patients, as well as for proposing appropriate biomarkers to monitor disease progression and/or efficiency of treatment. We focus here on molecular peripheral biomarkers which could be used as a measurable outcome of potential therapy. We present and discuss a list of wet biomarkers which have been proposed in recent years to measure pre- and postsymptomatic HD. Interestingly, investigation of peripheral biomarkers in HD can unravel new aspects of the disease pathogenesis. This especially refers to inflammatory proteins or specific immune cells which attract scientific attention in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Przybyl
- Laboratory of Mammalian Model Organisms, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Magdalena Wozna-Wysocka
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Emilia Kozlowska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.-W.); (E.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Fiszer
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; (M.W.-W.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (A.F.)
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49
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Pinnell JR, Cui M, Tieu K. Exosomes in Parkinson disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:413-428. [PMID: 33372290 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease, in which the formation of misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein is a key neuropathological hallmark. Recent studies reveal that extracellular vesicles such as exosomes present a potential mechanism for propagation of pathological α-synuclein throughout the brain. The ability of exosomes to transport proteins and genetic material between cells, including mRNA and microRNAs which have been implicated in PD pathology, provides critical insights as to how exosomes may contribute to pathological progression in PD. Advances have also been made in the investigation of exosomes as potential tools for the modulation of Parkinson's pathology; their detection extracellularly may facilitate their use as biomarkers, while their small size could be utilised as vectors for the delivery of therapeutics. The aim of this review was to highlight our current knowledge of the role of exosomes in PD and potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Pinnell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.,Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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50
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Ridzuan N, Zakaria N, Widera D, Sheard J, Morimoto M, Kiyokawa H, Mohd Isa SA, Chatar Singh GK, Then KY, Ooi GC, Yahaya BH. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate airway inflammation in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:54. [PMID: 33436065 PMCID: PMC7805108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable and debilitating chronic disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation associated with abnormal levels of tissue inflammation. Therefore, stem cell-based approaches to tackle the condition are currently a focus of regenerative therapies for COPD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by all cell types are crucially involved in paracrine, extracellular communication. Recent advances in the field suggest that stem cell-derived EVs possess a therapeutic potential which is comparable to the cells of their origin. METHODS In this study, we assessed the potential anti-inflammatory effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC)-derived EVs in a rat model of COPD. EVs were isolated from hUC-MSCs and characterized by the transmission electron microscope, western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. As a model of COPD, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for up to 12 weeks, followed by transplantation of hUC-MSCs or application of hUC-MSC-derived EVs. Lung tissue was subjected to histological analysis using haematoxylin and eosin staining, Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) staining, and immunofluorescence staining. Gene expression in the lung tissue was assessed using microarray analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 7 version 7.0 (GraphPad Software, USA). Student's t test was used to compare between 2 groups. Comparison among more than 2 groups was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data presented as median ± standard deviation (SD). RESULTS Both transplantation of hUC-MSCs and application of EVs resulted in a reduction of peribronchial and perivascular inflammation, alveolar septal thickening associated with mononuclear inflammation, and a decreased number of goblet cells. Moreover, hUC-MSCs and EVs ameliorated the loss of alveolar septa in the emphysematous lung of COPD rats and reduced the levels of NF-κB subunit p65 in the tissue. Subsequent microarray analysis revealed that both hUC-MSCs and EVs significantly regulate multiple pathways known to be associated with COPD. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we show that hUC-MSC-derived EVs effectively ameliorate by COPD-induced inflammation. Thus, EVs could serve as a new cell-free-based therapy for the treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noridzzaida Ridzuan
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), SAINS@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Norashikin Zakaria
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), SAINS@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Jonathan Sheard
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Mitsuru Morimoto
- RIKEN Centre for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kiyokawa
- RIKEN Centre for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Seoparjoo Azmel Mohd Isa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Gurjeet Kaur Chatar Singh
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kong-Yong Then
- CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghee-Chien Ooi
- CryoCord Sdn Bhd, Bio-X Centre, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Hisham Yahaya
- Lung Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Regenerative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), SAINS@BERTAM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
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