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Leonetti S, Cimarelli G, Hersh TA, Ravignani A. Why do dogs wag their tails? Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230407. [PMID: 38229554 PMCID: PMC10792393 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tail wagging is a conspicuous behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Despite how much meaning humans attribute to this display, its quantitative description and evolutionary history are rarely studied. We summarize what is known about the mechanism, ontogeny, function and evolution of this behaviour. We suggest two hypotheses to explain its increased occurrence and frequency in dogs compared to other canids. During the domestication process, enhanced rhythmic tail wagging behaviour could have (i) arisen as a by-product of selection for other traits, such as docility and tameness, or (ii) been directly selected by humans, due to our proclivity for rhythmic stimuli. We invite testing of these hypotheses through neurobiological and ethological experiments, which will shed light on one of the most readily observed yet understudied animal behaviours. Targeted tail wagging research can be a window into both canine ethology and the evolutionary history of characteristic human traits, such as our ability to perceive and produce rhythmic behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Leonetti
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cimarelli
- Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taylor A. Hersh
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Andrea Ravignani
- Comparative Bioacoustics Group, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Alexanian S, Foxman M, Pimentel D. Virtual reality and music's impact on psychological well-being. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:864990. [PMID: 36188907 PMCID: PMC9397989 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.864990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is bound to psychological well-being, which in turn is affected by the frequency and magnitude of negative mood states. To regulate mood states, humans often consume media such as music and movies, with varied degrees of effectiveness. The current investigation examined the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) vs. two-dimensional (2D) online interventions with various stimuli (audiovisual vs. visual only vs. audio only) to assess which interventions were most effective for improved well-being. Additionally, this study examined which groups displayed the highest amount of perceived presence to understand what components are essential when maximizing a person's subjective feeling of being “in” a new place and if this translated toward therapeutic results. Our data suggests that even though VR participants generally experienced more presence and had similar benefits as 2D groups for increasing positive mood, only participants in the 2D groups had a reduction in negative mood overall with 2D audiovisual participants experiencing the best results. These results contradict past studies which indicate that there could be other psychological and theoretical considerations that may play a role in determining what online experiences are more effective than just examining presence and immersive stimuli. Further research and development into using VR as a tool for improved well-being is needed to understand its efficacy in remote and in-person setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Alexanian
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, ORUnited States
- Correspondence: Stephen Alexanian
| | - Maxwell Foxman
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, ORUnited States
| | - Danny Pimentel
- University of Oregon, Oregon Reality Labs, School of Journalism and Communication, Portland, OR, United States
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3
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Falcon C, Navarro-Plaza MC, Gramunt N, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Grau-Rivera O, Cacciaglia R, González-de-Echavarria JM, Sánchez-Benavides G, Operto G, Knezevic I, Molinuevo JL, Gispert JD. Soundtrack of life: An fMRI study. Behav Brain Res 2021; 418:113634. [PMID: 34710508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most people have a soundtrack of life, a set of special musical pieces closely linked to certain biographical experiences. Autobiographical memories (AM) and music listening (ML) involve complex mental processes ruled by differentiate brain networks. The aim of the paper was to determine the way both networks interact in linked occurrences. We performed an fMRI experiment on 31 healthy participants (age: 32.4 ± 7.6, 11 men, 4 left-handers). Participants had to recall AMs prompted by music they reported to be associated with personal biographical events (LMM: linked AM-ML events). In the main control task, participants were prompted to recall emotional AMs while listening known tracks from a pool of popular music (UMM: unlinked AM-ML events). We wanted to investigate to what extent LMM network exceeded the overlap of AM and ML networks by contrasting the activation obtained in LMM versus UMM. The contrast LMM>UMM showed the areas (at P < 0.05 FWE corrected at voxel level and cluster size>20): right frontal inferior operculum, frontal middle gyrus, pars triangularis of inferior frontal gyrus, occipital superior gyrus and bilateral basal ganglia (caudate, putamen and pallidum), occipital (middle and inferior), parietal (inferior and superior), precentral and cerebellum (6, 7 L, 8 and vermis 6 and 7). Complementary results were obtained from additional control tasks. Provided part of tLMM>UMM areas might not be related to ML-AM linkage, we assessed LMM brain network by an independent component analysis (ICA) on contrast images. Results from ICA suggest the existence of a cortico-ponto-cerebellar network including left precuneus, bilateral anterior cingulum, parahippocampal gyri, frontal inferior operculum, ventral anterior part of the insula, frontal medial orbital gyri, caudate nuclei, cerebellum 6 and vermis, which might rule the ML-induced retrieval of AM in closely linked AM-ML events. This topography may suggest that the pathway by which ML is linked to AM is attentional and directly related to perceptual processing, involving salience network, instead of the natural way of remembering typically associated with default mode network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona.
| | | | | | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raffaele Cacciaglia
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - José María González-de-Echavarria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Grégory Operto
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iva Knezevic
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
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Braun N, Kotera Y. Influence of Dance on Embodied Self-Awareness and Well-Being: An Interpretative Phenomenological Exploration. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2021.1924910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Proksch S, Comstock DC, Médé B, Pabst A, Balasubramaniam R. Motor and Predictive Processes in Auditory Beat and Rhythm Perception. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:578546. [PMID: 33061902 PMCID: PMC7518112 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.578546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we review recent advances in research on rhythm and musical beat perception, focusing on the role of predictive processes in auditory motor interactions. We suggest that experimental evidence of the motor system's role in beat perception, including in passive listening, may be explained by the generation and maintenance of internal predictive models, concordant with the Active Inference framework of sensory processing. We highlight two complementary hypotheses for the neural underpinnings of rhythm perception: The Action Simulation for Auditory Prediction hypothesis (Patel and Iversen, 2014) and the Gradual Audiomotor Evolution hypothesis (Merchant and Honing, 2014) and review recent experimental progress supporting each of these hypotheses. While initial formulations of ASAP and GAE explain different aspects of beat-based timing-the involvement of motor structures in the absence of movement, and physical entrainment to an auditory beat respectively-we suggest that work under both hypotheses provide converging evidence toward understanding the predictive role of the motor system in the perception of rhythm, and the specific neural mechanisms involved. We discuss future experimental work necessary to further evaluate the causal neural mechanisms underlying beat and rhythm perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Proksch
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Daniel C Comstock
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Butovens Médé
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Alexandria Pabst
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Ramesh Balasubramaniam
- Sensorimotor Neuroscience Laboratory, Cognitive & Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
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Toiviainen P, Burunat I, Brattico E, Vuust P, Alluri V. The chronnectome of musical beat. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Kardos J, Dobolyi Á, Szabó Z, Simon Á, Lourmet G, Palkovits M, Héja L. Molecular Plasticity of the Nucleus Accumbens Revisited-Astrocytic Waves Shall Rise. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7950-7965. [PMID: 31134458 PMCID: PMC6834761 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1641-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Part of the ventral striatal division, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) drives the circuit activity of an entire macrosystem about reward like a "flagship," signaling and leading diverse conducts. Accordingly, NAc neurons feature complex inhibitory phenotypes that assemble to process circuit inputs and generate outputs by exploiting specific arrays of opposite and/or parallel neurotransmitters, neuromodulatory peptides. The resulting complex combinations enable versatile yet specific forms of accumbal circuit plasticity, including maladaptive behaviors. Although reward signaling and behavior are elaborately linked to neuronal circuit activities, it is plausible to propose whether these neuronal ensembles and synaptic islands can be directly controlled by astrocytes, a powerful modulator of neuronal activity. Pioneering studies showed that astrocytes in the NAc sense citrate cycle metabolites and/or ATP and may induce recurrent activation. We argue that the astrocytic calcium, GABA, and Glu signaling and altered sodium and chloride dynamics fundamentally shape metaplasticity by providing active regulatory roles in the synapse- and network-level flexibility of the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1C, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabó
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Simon
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Guillaume Lourmet
- Laboratory of Neuromorphology, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 58, Budapest, H-1094, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Pando-Naude V, Barrios FA, Alcauter S, Pasaye EH, Vase L, Brattico E, Vuust P, Garza-Villarreal EA. Functional connectivity of music-induced analgesia in fibromyalgia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15486. [PMID: 31664132 PMCID: PMC6820536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Listening to self-chosen, pleasant and relaxing music reduces pain in fibromyalgia (FM), a chronic centralized pain condition. However, the neural correlates of this effect are fairly unknown. In our study, we wished to investigate the neural correlates of music-induced analgesia (MIA) in FM patients. To do this, we studied 20 FM patients and 20 matched healthy controls (HC) acquiring rs-fMRI with a 3T MRI scanner, and pain data before and after two 5-min auditory conditions: music and noise. We performed resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) seed-based correlation analyses (SCA) using pain and analgesia-related ROIs to determine the effects before and after the music intervention in FM and HC, and its correlation with pain reports. We found significant differences in baseline rs-FC between FM and HC. Both groups showed changes in rs-FC after the music condition. FM patients reported MIA that was significantly correlated with rs-FC decrease between the angular gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus, and rs-FC increase between amygdala and middle frontal gyrus. These areas are related to autobiographical and limbic processes, and auditory attention, suggesting MIA may arise as a consequence of top-down modulation, probably originated by distraction, relaxation, positive emotion, or a combination of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pando-Naude
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", México City, México
- Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
- Center for Music in the Brain, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fernando A Barrios
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Brain Mapping Lab, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Sarael Alcauter
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Brain Mapping Lab, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Erick H Pasaye
- Magnetic Resonance Unit, Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Lene Vase
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Pain Research Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elvira Brattico
- Center for Music in the Brain, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eduardo A Garza-Villarreal
- Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz", México City, México.
- Center for Music in the Brain, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Laboratorio Nacional de Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética (LANIREM), Institute of Neurobiology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) campus Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico.
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Vikene K, Skeie GO, Specht K. Subjective judgments of rhythmic complexity in Parkinson's disease: Higher baseline, preserved relative ability, and modulated by tempo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221752. [PMID: 31479488 PMCID: PMC6719828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that people with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulties with the perceptual discrimination of rhythms, relative to healthy controls. It is not however clear if this applies only to simpler rhythms (a so called "beat-based" deficit), or if it is a more generalized deficit that also applies to more complex rhythms. Further insight into how people with PD process and perceive rhythm can refine our understanding of the well known problems of temporal processing in the disease. In this study, we wanted to move beyond simple/complex-dichotomy in previous studies, and further investigate the effect of tempo on the perception of musical rhythms. To this end, we constructed ten musical rhythms with a varied degree of complexity across three different tempi. Nineteen people with PD and 19 healthy controls part-took in an internet based listening survey and rated 10 different musical rhythms for complexity and likeability. In what we believe is the first study to do so, we asked for the participants subjective ratings of individual rhythms and not their capacity to directly compare or discriminate between them. We found an overall between-group difference in complexity judgments that was modulated by tempo, but not level of complexity. People with PD rated all rhythms as more complex across tempi, with significant group differences in complexity ratings at 120 and 150bpm, but not at 90bpm. Our analysis found a uniform elevated baseline for complexity judgments in the PD-group, and a strong association between the two groups' rank-ordering the rhythms for complexity. This indicates a preserved ability to discriminate between relative levels of complexity. Finally, the two groups did not significantly differ in their subjective scoring of likeability, demonstrating a dissimilarity between judgment of complexity and judgment of likeability between the two groups. This indicates different cognitive operations for the two types of judgment, and we speculate that Parkinson's disease affects judgment of complexity but not judgment of likeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Vikene
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- The Grieg Academy - Department of Music, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Karageorghis CI, Lyne LP, Bigliassi M, Vuust P. Effects of auditory rhythm on movement accuracy in dance performance. Hum Mov Sci 2019; 67:102511. [PMID: 31450067 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study addresses the impact of the rhythmic complexity of music on the accuracy of dance performance. This study examined the effects of different levels of auditory syncopation on the execution of a dance sequence by trained dancers and exercisers (i.e., nondancers). It was hypothesized that nondancers would make more errors in synchronizing movements with moderately and highly syncopated rhythms while no performance degradation would manifest among trained dancers. Participants performed a dance sequence synchronized with three different rhythm tracks that were regular, moderately syncopated, and highly syncopated. We found significant performance degradation when comparing conditions of no syncopation vs. high syncopation for both trained dancers (p = .002) and nondancers (p = .001). Dancers and nondancers did not differ in how they managed to execute the task with increasing levels of syncopation (p = .384). The pattern of difference between trained dancers and nondancers was similar across the No Syncop and Highly Syncop conditions. The present findings may have marked implications for practitioners given that the tasks employed were analogous to those frequently observed in real-life dance settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark and the Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus/Aalborg, Denmark
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Vik BMD, Skeie GO, Specht K. Neuroplastic Effects in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury After Music-Supported Therapy. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:177. [PMID: 31293405 PMCID: PMC6604902 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) often occurs following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and can lead to complex behavioral changes, including difficulty with attention and concentration. We investigated the effects of musical training on patients with behavioral and cognitive deficits following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and found significant functional neuro-plastic changes in the OFC's networks. The results from neuropsychological tests revealed an improved cognitive performance. Moreover, six out of seven participants in this group returned to work post intervention and reported improved well-being and social behavior. In this study, we explore the functional changes in OFC following music-supported intervention in reference to connecting networks that may be responsible for enhanced social interaction. Furthermore, we discuss the factor of dopamine release during playing as an element providing a possible impact on the results. The intervention consisted of playing piano, two sessions per week in 8 weeks, 30 min each time, with an instructor. Additional playing was required with a minimum of 15 min per day at home. Mean time playing piano in reference to participant's report was 3 h per week during the intervention period. Three groups participated, one mTBI group (n = 7), two control groups consisting of healthy participants, one with music training (n = 11), and one baseline group without music training (n = 12). Participants in the clinical group had received standardized cognitive rehabilitation treatment during hospitalization without recovering from their impairments. The intervention took place 2 years post injury. All participants were assessed with neuropsychological tests and with both task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) pre-post intervention. The results demonstrated a significant improvement of neuropsychological tests in the clinical group, consistent with fMRI results in which there were functional changes in the orbitofrontal networks (OFC). These changes were concordantly seen both in a simple task fMRI but also in resting-state fMRI, which was analyzed with dynamic causal modeling (DCM). We hypothesized that playing piano, as designed in the training protocol, may provide a positive increase in both well-being and social interaction. We suggest that the novelty of the intervention may have clinical relevance for patients with behavioral problems following a TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Grieg Academy Research Centre of Music Therapy (GAMUT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Specht
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Education, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualization Centre, Haukeland University Hospital Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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White Matter Microstructure Reflects Individual Differences in Music Reward Sensitivity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:5018-5027. [PMID: 31000588 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2020-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
People show considerable variability in the degree of pleasure they experience from music. These individual differences in music reward sensitivity are driven by variability in functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a key structure of the reward system, and the right superior temporal gyrus (STG). However, it is unknown whether a neuroanatomical basis exists for this variability. We used diffusion tensor imaging and probabilistic tractography to study the relationship between music reward sensitivity and white matter microstructure connecting these two regions via the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in 38 healthy human participants (24 females and 14 males). We found that right axial diffusivity (AD) in the STG-OFC connectivity inversely correlated with music reward sensitivity. Additionally, right mean diffusivity and left AD in the NAcc-OFC tract also showed an inverse correlation. Further, AD in this tract also correlated with previously acquired BOLD activity during music listening, but not for a control monetary reward task in the NAcc. Finally, we used mediation analysis to show that AD in the NAcc-OFC tract explains the influence of NAcc activation during a music task on music reward sensitivity. Overall, our results provide further support for the idea that the exchange of information among perceptual, integrative, and reward systems is important for musical pleasure, and that individual differences in the structure of the relevant anatomical connectivity influences the degree to which people are able to derive such pleasure.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Music is one of the most important sources of pleasure for many people, but at the same time there are important individual differences in the sensitivity to musical reward. Previous studies have revealed the critical involvement of the functional connectivity between perceptual and subcortical brain areas in the enjoyment of music. However, it is unknown whether individual differences in music sensitivity might arise from variability in the structural connectivity among these areas. Here we show that structural connectivity between supratemporal and orbitofrontal cortices, and between orbitofrontal and nucleus accumbens, predict individual differences in sensibility to music reward. These results provide evidence for the critical involvement of the interaction between the subcortical reward system and higher-order cortical areas in music-induced pleasure.
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