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Janda E, Parafati M, Martino C, Crupi F, George William JN, Reybier K, Arbitrio M, Mollace V, Boutin JA. Autophagy and neuroprotection in astrocytes exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine is negatively regulated by NQO2: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21624. [PMID: 38062122 PMCID: PMC10703796 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44666-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic degeneration is a central feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), but glial dysfunction may accelerate or trigger neuronal death. In fact, astrocytes play a key role in the maintenance of the blood-brain barrier and detoxification. 6-hydroxydopamine (6OHDA) is used to induce PD in rodent models due to its specific toxicity to dopaminergic neurons, but its effect on astrocytes has been poorly investigated. Here, we show that 6OHDA dose-dependently impairs autophagy in human U373 cells and primary murine astrocytes in the absence of cell death. LC3II downregulation was observed 6 to 48 h after treatment. Interestingly, 6OHDA enhanced NRH:quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) expression and activity in U373 cells, even if 6OHDA turned out not to be its substrate. Autophagic flux was restored by inhibition of NQO2 with S29434, which correlated with a partial reduction in oxidative stress in response to 6OHDA in human and murine astrocytes. NQO2 inhibition also increased the neuroprotective capability of U373 cells, since S29434 protected dopaminergic SHSY5Y cells from 6OHDA-induced cell death when cocultured with astrocytes. The toxic effects of 6OHDA on autophagy were attenuated by silencing NQO2 in human cells and primary astrocytes from NQO2-/- mice. Finally, the analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus datasets showed elevated NQO2 gene expression in the blood cells of early-stage PD patients. These data support a toxifying function of NQO2 in dopaminergic degeneration via negative regulation of autophagy and neuroprotection in astrocytes, suggesting a potential pharmacological target in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Janda
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Parafati
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Concetta Martino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Crupi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Karine Reybier
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse III, IRD, UPS, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health Science, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jean A Boutin
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication (NorDiC), Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm, NorDiC UMR 1239, 76000, Rouen, France
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Duarte-Silva E, Meiry da Rocha Araújo S, Oliveira WH, Lós DB, Bonfanti AP, Peron G, de Lima Thomaz L, Verinaud L, Peixoto CA. Sildenafil Alleviates Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Triggering Autophagy in the Spinal Cord. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671511. [PMID: 34054847 PMCID: PMC8156813 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and chronic Central Nervous System (CNS) disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The search for more promising drugs for the treatment of MS has led to studies on Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 Inhibitor (PDE5I) that has been shown to possess neuroprotective effects in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. We have previously shown that Sildenafil improves the clinical score of EAE mice via modulation of apoptotic pathways, but other signaling pathways were not previously covered. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to further investigate the effects of Sildenafil treatment on autophagy and nitrosative stress signaling pathways in EAE. 24 female C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: (A) Control - received only water; (B) EAE - EAE untreated mice; (C) SILD - EAE mice treated with 25mg/kg of Sildenafil s.c. The results showed that EAE mice presented a pro-nitrosative profile characterized by high tissue nitrite levels, lowered levels of p-eNOS and high levels of iNOS. Furthermore, decreased levels of LC3, beclin-1 and ATG5, suggests impaired autophagy, and decreased levels of AMPK in the spinal cord were also detected in EAE mice. Surprisingly, treatment with Sildenafil inhibited nitrosative stress and augmented the levels of LC3, beclin-1, ATG5, p-CREB and BDNF and decreased mTOR levels, as well as augmented p-AMPK. In conclusion, we propose that Sildenafil alleviates EAE by activating autophagy via the eNOS-NO-AMPK-mTOR-LC3-beclin1-ATG5 and eNOS-NO-AMPK-mTOR-CREB-BDNF pathways in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Recife, Brazil
| | - Shyrlene Meiry da Rocha Araújo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Wilma Helena Oliveira
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Deniele Bezerra Lós
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology/Northeast Network in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pires Bonfanti
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Peron
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Livia de Lima Thomaz
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Liana Verinaud
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Marino BLB, de Souza LR, Sousa KPA, Ferreira JV, Padilha EC, da Silva CHTP, Taft CA, Hage-Melim LIS. Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathophysiology to Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:754-767. [PMID: 31686637 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191104110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5 to 2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and 4% for those over 80 years of age. PD is caused by the necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the brain region responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in its decrease in the synaptic cleft. The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) degrades dopamine, promoting the glutamate accumulation and oxidative stress with the release of free radicals, causing excitotoxicity. The PD symptoms are progressive physical limitations such as rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability and disability in functional performance. Considering that there are no laboratory tests, biomarkers or imaging studies to confirm the disease, the diagnosis of PD is made by analyzing the motor features. There is no cure for PD, and the pharmacological treatment consists of a dopaminergic supplement with levodopa, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics agents, dopaminergic agonists, and inhibitors of MAO-B, which basically aims to control the symptoms, enabling better functional mobility and increasing life expectancy of the treated PD patients. Due to the importance and increasing prevalence of PD in the world, this study reviews information on the pathophysiology, symptomatology as well as the most current and relevant treatments of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L B Marino
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Lucilene R de Souza
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Kessia P A Sousa
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Jaderson V Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Elias C Padilha
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Principios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H T P da Silva
- Laboratório Computacional de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlton A Taft
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorane I S Hage-Melim
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
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Zhang DM, Zhang T, Wang MM, Wang XX, Qin YY, Wu J, Han R, Sheng R, Wang Y, Chen Z, Han F, Ding Y, Li M, Qin ZH. TIGAR alleviates ischemia/reperfusion-induced autophagy and ischemic brain injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 137:13-23. [PMID: 30978385 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy has been reported to play protective and pathogenetic roles in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced neuronal injury. Our previous studies have shown that TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) ameliorates I/R-induced brain injury and reduces anti-cancer drug-induced autophagy activation. However, if TIGAR plays a regulatory role on autophagy in cerebral I/R injury is still unclear. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of TIGAR on I/R-induced autophagy activation and ischemic neuronal injury in vivo and in vitro stroke models using TIGAR-transgenic (tg-TIGAR) mice and TIGAR-knockout (ko-TIGAR) mice. The present study confirmed that autophagy was activated after I/R. Overexpression of TIGAR in tg-TIGAR mice significantly reduced I/R-induced autophagy activation and alleviated brain damage, while knockout of TIGAR in ko-TIGAR mice enhanced I/R-induced autophagy activation and exacerbated brain injury in vivo and in vitro. The different activity of autophagy in tg-TIGAR and ko-TIGAR primary neurons after OGD/R were largely reversed by knockdown or re-expression of TIGAR in these neurons. The autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) partly prevented exacerbation of brain damage induced by ko-TIGAR, whereas the autophagy inducer rapamycin partially abolished the neuroprotective effect of tg-TIGAR. Knockout of TIGAR reduced the levels of phosphorylated mTOR and S6KP70, which were blocked by 3-MA and NADPH after I/R and OGD/R in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Overexpression of TIGAR increased the levels of phosphorylated mTOR and S6KP70 under OGD/R condition, this enhancement effect was suppressed by rapamycin. In conclusion, our current data suggest that TIGAR protected against neuronal injury partly through inhibiting autophagy by regulating the mTOR-S6KP70 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Mei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Junchao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Feng Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Institutes of Brain Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Doktór B, Damulewicz M, Pyza E. Overexpression of Mitochondrial Ligases Reverses Rotenone-Induced Effects in a Drosophila Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:94. [PMID: 30837828 PMCID: PMC6382686 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mul1 and Park are two major mitochondrial ligases responsible for mitophagy. Damaged mitochondria that cannot be removed are a source of an increased level of free radicals, which in turn can destructively affect other cell organelles as well as entire cells. One of the toxins that damages mitochondria is rotenone, a neurotoxin that after exposure displays symptoms typical of Parkinson’s disease. In the present study, we showed that overexpressing genes encoding mitochondrial ligases protects neurons during treatment with rotenone. Drosophila strains with overexpressed mul1 or park show a significantly reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, as well as normal motor activity during exposure to rotenone. In the nervous system, rotenone affected synaptic proteins, including Synapsin, Synaptotagmin and Disk Large1, as well as the structure of synaptic vesicles, while high levels of Mul1 or Park suppressed degenerative events at synapses. We concluded that increased levels of mitochondrial ligases are neuroprotective and could be considered in developing new therapies for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Doktór
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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