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Serra M, Simola N, Pollack AE, Costa G. Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans: an overview of recent findings. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1908-1918. [PMID: 38227515 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants, in addition to having abuse potential, may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic effects. Central toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and adults. The present review provides an overview of recent research, conducted between 2018 and 2023, focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methylphenidate, caffeine, and nicotine. Detailed elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alexia E Pollack
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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2
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Chen Z, Feng L, Wu P, Jiang WD, Jiang J, Zhou XQ, Liu Y. From growth promotion to intestinal inflammation alleviation: Unraveling the potential role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109511. [PMID: 38499215 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a probiotic, which not only promotes the growth of animals, but also has anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism by which Lactobacillus rhamnosus regulates intestinal immunity is not well comprehended. Hence, the study aimed to research how Lactobacillus rhamnosus affects the intestinal immunity using juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as a model. We selected 1800 juvenile grass carp for testing. They were divided into six treatments and fed with six gradients of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 g/kg) for 70 days. Enteritis was subsequently induced with dextroside sodium sulfate. Results indicated that dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 addition improved growth performance. Meanwhile, appropriate levels of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 alleviated excessive inflammatory response by down-regulating the expression of TLR4 and NOD receptors, up-regulating the expression of TOR, and then down-regulating the expression of NF-κB. Additionally, appropriate Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 improved intestinal immunity by reducing pyroptosis triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome and mediated by GSDME. Furthermore, 16 S rRNA sequencing showing appropriate levels of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 increased Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium abundance and decreased Aeromonas abundance. These results suggest that Lactobacillus rhamnosus GCC-3 can alleviate intestinal inflammation through down-regulating NF-κB and up-regulating TOR signaling pathways, as well as by inhibiting pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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3
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Giuli L, Maestri M, Santopaolo F, Pompili M, Ponziani FR. Gut Microbiota and Neuroinflammation in Acute Liver Failure and Chronic Liver Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:772. [PMID: 37367929 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure and chronic liver disease are associated with a wide spectrum of neurological changes, of which the best known is hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Historically, hyperammonemia, causing astrocyte swelling and cerebral oedema, was considered the main etiological factor in the pathogenesis of cerebral dysfunction in patients with acute and/or chronic liver disease. However, recent studies demonstrated a key role of neuroinflammation in the development of neurological complications in this setting. Neuroinflammation is characterized by activation of microglial cells and brain secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, which alter neurotransmission, leading to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Changes in the gut microbiota resulting from liver disease play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation. Dysbiosis and altered intestinal permeability, resulting in bacterial translocation and endotoxemia, are responsible for systemic inflammation, which can spread to brain tissue and trigger neuroinflammation. In addition, metabolites derived from the gut microbiota can act on the central nervous system and facilitate the development of neurological complications, exacerbating clinical manifestations. Thus, strategies aimed at modulating the gut microbiota may be effective therapeutic weapons. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of the gut-liver-brain axis in the pathogenesis of neurological dysfunction associated with liver disease, with a particular focus on neuroinflammation. In addition, we highlight emerging therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota and inflammation in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Giuli
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Maestri
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Machado da Silva MC, Iglesias LP, Candelario-Jalil E, Khoshbouei H, Moreira FA, de Oliveira ACP. Role of Microglia in Psychostimulant Addiction. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:235-259. [PMID: 36503452 PMCID: PMC10190137 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221208142151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of psychostimulant drugs can modify brain function by inducing changes in the reward system, mainly due to alterations in dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmissions in the mesocorticolimbic pathway. However, the etiopathogenesis of addiction is a much more complex process. Previous data have suggested that microglia and other immune cells are involved in events associated with neuroplasticity and memory, which are phenomena that also occur in addiction. Nevertheless, how dependent is the development of addiction on the activity of these cells? Although the mechanisms are not known, some pathways may be involved. Recent data have shown psychoactive substances may act directly on immune cells, alter their functions and induce various inflammatory mediators that modulate synaptic activity. These could, in turn, be involved in the pathological alterations that occur in substance use disorder. Here, we extensively review the studies demonstrating how cocaine and amphetamines modulate microglial number, morphology, and function. We also describe the effect of these substances in the production of inflammatory mediators and a possible involvement of some molecular signaling pathways, such as the toll-like receptor 4. Although the literature in this field is scarce, this review compiles the knowledge on the neuroimmune axis that is involved in the pathogenesis of addiction, and suggests some pharmacological targets for the development of pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina Machado da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil;
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lia Parada Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fabrício Araujo Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Potential Effects of Nrf2 in Exercise Intervention of Neurotoxicity Caused by Methamphetamine Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4445734. [PMID: 35480870 PMCID: PMC9038420 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4445734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine can cause oxidative stress-centered lipid peroxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitatory neurotoxicity, and neuroinflammation and ultimately lead to nerve cell apoptosis, abnormal glial cell activation, and dysfunction of blood-brain barrier. Protecting nerve cells from oxidative destroy is a hopeful strategy for treating METH use disorder. Nrf2 is a major transcriptional regulator that activates the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cell-protective gene expression through endogenous pathways that maintains cell REDOX homeostasis and is conducive to the survival of neurons. The Nrf2-mediated endogenous antioxidant pathway can also prevent neurodegenerative effects and functional defects caused by METH oxidative stress. Moderate exercise activates this endogenous antioxidant system, which involves in many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. Based on evidence from existing literature, we argue that appropriate exercise can play an endogenous antioxidant regulatory role in the Nrf2 signaling pathway to reduce a number of issues caused by METH-induced oxidative stress. However, more experimental evidence is needed to support this idea. In addition, further exploration is necessary about the different effects of various parameters of exercise intervention (such as exercise mode, time, and intensity) on the Nrf2 signaling pathway intervention. Whether there are synergistic effects between exercise and plant-derived Nrf2 activators is worth further investigation.
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Chu N, Ling J, Jie H, Leung K, Poon E. The potential role of lactulose pharmacotherapy in the treatment and prevention of diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:956203. [PMID: 36187096 PMCID: PMC9519995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.956203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-absorbable disaccharide lactulose is mostly used in the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders such as chronic constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. The mechanism of action of lactulose remains unclear, but it elicits more than osmotic laxative effects. As a prebiotic, lactulose may act as a bifidogenic factor with positive effects in preventing and controlling diabetes. In this review, we summarized the current evidence for the effect of lactulose on gut metabolism and type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention. Similar to acarbose, lactulose can also increase the abundance of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium as well as suppress the potentially pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli. These bacterial activities have anti-inflammatory effects, nourishing the gut epithelial cells and providing a protective barrier from microorganism infection. Activation of peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) can influence secondary bile acids and reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxins. A low dose of lactulose with food delayed gastric emptying and increased the whole gut transit times, attenuating the hyperglycemic response without adverse gastrointestinal events. These findings suggest that lactulose may have a role as a pharmacotherapeutic agent in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes via actions on the gut microbiota.
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7
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Tan X, Cai D, Chen N, Du S, Qiao D, Yue X, Wang T, Li J, Xie W, Wang H. Methamphetamine mediates apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells via the chop-related endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Toxicol Lett 2021; 350:98-110. [PMID: 34214594 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive amphetamine-type drug that has caused persistent harm to society and human health in recent years. Most studies have shown that METH severely damages the central nervous system, and this drug has been found to be toxic to the cardiovascular system in recent years. Therefore, we hypothesized that METH may also damage vascular smooth muscle. We examined the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Caspase 3 and PARP after METH treatment in vivo and in vitro and detected the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. After treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor 4-PBA, changes in the above indicators were examined. C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) expression was also detected, and the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis was further determined by siRNA silencing of Chop. The results indicated that METH can induce apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and upregulate the expression of Chop and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins. Chop inhibits protein kinase B phosphorylation and further inhibits forkhead box class O3a (Foxo3a) dephosphorylation, resulting in increased p53 upregulated molecular of apoptosis (PUMA) transcription. Increased PUMA induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. These results indicate that Chop is involved in the METH-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in VSMCs and may be a potential therapeutic target for METH-induced VSMC injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tan
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dunpeng Cai
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihao Du
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Yue
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Weibing Xie
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528244, Guangdong, China.
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Zhao X, Lu J, Chen X, Gao Z, Zhang C, Chen C, Qiao D, Wang H. Methamphetamine exposure induces neuronal programmed necrosis by activating the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 -related signalling pathway. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21561. [PMID: 33864423 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a synthetic drug with severe neurotoxicity, however, the regulation of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanisms of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis. We found that neuronal programmed necrosis occurred in the striatum of brain samples from human and mice that were exposed to METH. The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) was highly expressed in the neurons of human and mice exposed to METH, and RIP3-silenced or RIP1-inhibited protected neurons developed neuronal programmed necrosis in vitro and in vivo following METH exposure. Moreover, the RIP1-RIP3 complex causes cell programmed necrosis by regulating mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-mediated cell membrane rupture and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission. Together, these data indicate that RIP3 plays an indispensable role in the mechanism of METH-induced neuronal programmed necrosis, which may represent a potential therapeutic target for METH-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiancong Lu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiang Gao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Cui Zhang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chuanxiang Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongfang Qiao
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Chen LJ, He JT, Pan M, Liu JL, Zhang KK, Li JH, Wang LB, Xu LL, Chen YK, Zhang QY, Li DR, Xu JT, Xie XL. Antibiotics Attenuate Methamphetamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR4/MyD88/Traf6 Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716703. [PMID: 34381368 PMCID: PMC8350338 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a major psychostimulant drug of abuse worldwide, and its neurotoxicity has been studied extensively. In addition to neurotoxicity, METH can also induce hepatotoxicity. The underlying mechanism of intestinal microorganisms in METH-induced hepatotoxicity remains unclear. In this study, mice have received antibiotics intragastrically or PBS once each day for 1 week, followed by METH or saline. The antibiotics attenuated METH-induced hepatotoxicity as evidenced by histopathological observation and biochemical analysis; furthermore, they alleviated METH-induced oxidative stress. The effect of antibiotics on METH-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). The RNA-seq results demonstrated that antibiotics could regulate 580 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 319 were upregulated after METH treatment and then downregulated with antibiotic pretreatment and 237 were first downregulated after METH administration and then upregulated after antibiotic pretreatment, in addition to 11 upregulated and 13 downregulated ones simultaneously in METH and antibiotic-pretreated groups. RNA-seq analyses revealed that TLR4 is one of the hub genes. Western blot analysis indicated that antibiotics inhibited the increase of TLR4, MyD88 and Traf6 induced by METH. This research suggests that antibiotics may play an important role in preventing METH-induced liver injury by regulating oxidative stress and TLR4/MyD88/Traf6 axis, though further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Tao He
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Basic Medicine and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ming Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Kui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin-Yao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ri Li
- Department of Forensic Evidence Science, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Hwang Y, Sharma N, Dang DK, Nguyen BT, Nah SY, Jang CG, Bing G, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity as a model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:668-688. [PMID: 34286473 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence, approximately 1 % in the elderly population. Numerous studies have demonstrated that methamphetamine (MA) intoxication caused the neurological deficits and nigrostriatal damage seen in Parkinsonian conditions, and subsequent rodent studies have found that neurotoxic binge administration of MA reproduced PD-like features, in terms of its symptomatology and pathology. Several anti-Parkinsonian medications have been shown to attenuate the motor impairments and dopaminergic damage induced by MA. In addition, it has been recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, pro-apoptosis, proteasomal/autophagic impairment, and neuroinflammation play important roles in inducing MA neurotoxicity. Importantly, MA neurotoxicity has been shown to share a common mechanism of dopaminergic toxicity with that of PD pathogenesis. This review describes the major findings on the neuropathological features and underlying neurotoxic mechanisms induced by MA and compares them with Parkinsonian pathogenesis. Taken together, it is suggested that neurotoxic binge-type administration of MA in rodents is a valid animal model for PD that may provide knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.,Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 900000, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guoying Bing
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY, 40536, Lexington, USA
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea. .,Neuropsychopharmacology & Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Li JH, Liu JL, Zhang KK, Chen LJ, Xu JT, Xie XL. The Adverse Effects of Prenatal METH Exposure on the Offspring: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715176. [PMID: 34335277 PMCID: PMC8317262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abuse of methamphetamine (METH), an illicit psychostimulant, is a growing public health issue. METH abuse during pregnancy is on the rise due to its stimulant, anorectic, and hallucinogenic properties. METH can lead to multiple organ toxicity in adults, including neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. It can also cross the placental barrier and have long-lasting effects on the fetus. This review summarizes neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, toxicity in other organs, and biomonitoring of prenatal METH exposure, as well as the possible emergence of sensitization associated with METH. We proposed the importance of gut microbiota in studying prenatal METH exposure. There is rising evidence of the adverse effects of METH exposure during pregnancy, which are of significant concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Tao Xu
- Department of Forensic Clinical Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Lee YS, Lai DM, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ, Chang CH, Hsieh-Li HM, Lee GC. Prebiotic Lactulose Ameliorates the Cognitive Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model through Macroautophagy and Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2422-2437. [PMID: 33617267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lactulose, as a prebiotic, can be utilized by human gut microbiota and stimulate their growth. Although microbiota modulation has become an emerging approach to manage many diseases and can be achieved by the administration of prebiotics, fewer investigations have been carried out on the therapeutic mechanism of lactulose. Two trehalose analogs, lactulose and melibiose, were identified as having a neuroprotective effect in polyglutamine and Parkinson disease models. In this study, we examined lactulose and melibiose in a mouse primary hippocampal neuronal culture under the toxicity of oligomeric Aβ25-35. Lactulose was further tested in vivo because its effective concentration is lower than that of melibiose. Lactulose and trehalose were applied individually to mice before a bilateral intrahippocampal CA1 injection of oligomeric Aβ25-35. The administration of lactulose and trehalose attenuated the short-term memory and the learning retrieval of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. From a pathological analysis, we found that the pretreatment of lactulose and trehalose decreased neuroinflammation and increased the levels of the autophagic pathways. These results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of both lactulose and trehalose are achieved through anti-inflammation and autophagy. In addition, lactulose was better than trehalose in the enhancement of the synaptic protein expression level in AD mice. Therefore, lactulose could potentially be developed into a preventive and/or therapeutic disaccharide for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Suan Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ming Lai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Jen Huang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hwa Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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13
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Chen LJ, Zhi X, Zhang KK, Wang LB, Li JH, Liu JL, Xu LL, Yoshida JS, Xie XL, Wang Q. Escalating dose-multiple binge methamphetamine treatment elicits neurotoxicity, altering gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111946. [PMID: 33359793 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an addictive and illegal psychostimulant drug that can cause multiple organ dysfunction, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). Gut microbiota have been implicated in development of various CNS-related diseases, via the gut-brain axis (GBA). However, effect of METH in the alteration of gut microbiota and fecal metabolites is unclear, whereas the relationship with METH-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated effect of METH on neurotoxicity in striatum and colonic damage by exposing BALB/c mice to an escalating dose-multiple binge regimen, and then analyzed protein expression using Western blot analysis. We further detected and sequenced the 16 S rRNA gene in fecal samples, and performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS)-based metabolomics to analyze gut microbes and fecal metabolites. Exposure to METH significantly downregulated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) proteins, but upregulated MAOA, Beclin1, Atg5, and LC3-Ⅱ. METH up-regulated inflammation-related factors, such as caspase1, TNF-α and IL-18, by activating the toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88)/nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and reduced occludin protein expression. In addition, METH exposure changed α and β diversities of gut microbiota. Specifically, METH exposure elevated relative abundances of pathogenic bacteria, but reduced those of probiotics. Metabolomics, combined with enrichment analyses revealed that METH exposure altered fecal metabolites. Our findings suggest that METH exposure induced autophagy in the CNS, elevated intestinal autophagy flora, leading to accumulation of fecal metabolites in the autophagy pathway, and causing enteritis. Moreover, METH promoted intestinal inflammation by increasing the relative abundance of the pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract, and reduced intestinal TJ protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Bin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hao Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Qu D, Zhang K, Chen L, Wang Q, Wang H. RNA-sequencing analysis of the effect of luteolin on methamphetamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats: a preliminary study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8529. [PMID: 32071822 PMCID: PMC7007981 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was utilized to investigate the effects of luteolin on hepatotoxicity caused by methamphetamine (METH). The rats in METH group were administrated with METH (15 mg/kg, two times per day) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections for four consecutive days. The rats in luteolin + METH group were firstly administrated with luteolin (100 mg/kg, once a day) by oral gavage for 3 days before METH treatment. Lueolin attenuated the hepatotoxicity induced by METH via histopathological and biochemical analysis. The results of RNA-seq showed that luteolin could regulate 497 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the selected DEGs were mainly enriched in eight pathways, according to KEGG analysis. Furthermore, qRT-PCR was utilized to verify the results of RNA-seq. Six genes were selected as follows: liver enriched antimicrobial peptide 2 (Leap2), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), fatty acid binding protein 5 (Fabp5), patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3 (Pnpla3), myelin basic protein (Mbp) and calmodulin 3 (Calm3). Though because of the design flaws, the luteolin group has not been included, this study demonstrated that luteolin might exert hepato-protective effects from METH via modulation of oxidative phosphorylation, cytochrome P450 and certain signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaikai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Huang J, Yang G, Li Z, Leung CK, Wang W, Li Y, Liu L, Shen B, He C, He Y, Zeng X, Li J. Involvement of dopamine D3 receptor and dopamine transporter in methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in tree shrews. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01533. [PMID: 31943832 PMCID: PMC7010569 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to establish a methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization model using tree shrews, as well as to measure the protein expression of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) and dopamine transporter (DAT). METHODS Forty tree shrews were equally and randomly divided into four experimental groups: those administered with 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg METH and a control group (treated with an equal amount of normal saline). Each experimental group was repeatedly exposed to METH for nine consecutive days to induce the development of behavioral sensitization, followed by four days of withdrawal (without the METH treatment) to induce the transfer of behavioral sensitization, then given 0.5 mg/kg of METH to undergo the expression of behavioral sensitization. Altered locomotor and stereotypic behaviors were measured daily via open-field experiments during the development and expression stages, and weight changes were also recorded. Then, the Western blot method was used to detect the expression levels of D3R and DAT in three brain regions: the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and dorsal striatum 24 hr after the last behavioral test. RESULTS METH administration augmented motor-stimulant responses and stereotypic behaviors in all experimental groups, and stereotypic behaviors intensified more in the groups treated with 2 and 4 mg/kg METH. Motion distance, speed, and trajectory were significantly elevated in all experimental, however, METH at 4 mg/kg induced more stereotypic behaviors, decreasing these locomotor activities as compared with the 2 mg/kg METH group. 2 and 4 mg/kg METH significantly upregulated and downregulated D3R and DAT expression levels, respectively, in three brain regions, and these changes are more pronounced in 2 mg/kg METH. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that this animal model may be used to study the neurobiological mechanisms that underly the development and expression of behavioral sensitization to METH. Deregulated D3R and DAT expression may be involved in the METH-induced behavioral sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Genmeng Yang
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chi-Kwan Leung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, the Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Baoyu Shen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Cuihua He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwang He
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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16
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Qu D, Tan XH, Zhang KK, Wang Q, Wang HJ. ATF3 mRNA, but not BTG2, as a possible marker for vital reaction of skin contusion. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 303:109937. [PMID: 31546162 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The detection of vitality of wounds, especially when the wounds are inflicted very close to the time of death, is one of the most challenging issues in forensic pathology. This study investigated expression levels of ATF3 and BTG2 in mouse and human skin wounds. Protein levels examined by western blot showed that there was no significant change in ATF3 and BTG2 between wounded and intact skins. However, mRNA levels demonstrated higher expression of ATF3 and BTG2 in ante-mortem contused mouse skins, compared with the intact and postmortem contused skins. Increased ATF3 and BTG2 in the level of mRNA could also be detected until 96h and 48h after death, respectively. Human wounded skin samples from forensic autopsy cases were also examined. Increased ATF3 mRNA levels were detected until 48h after autopsy in 5 of 6 cases. However, no differences were observed between wounded and intact skins for BTG2. These findings suggest that the detection of mRNA levels of ATF3, but not BTG2, can be considered as a potential marker for vital reaction of skin contusion. Postmortem human samples should be used in order to validate the availability of markers screened by animal experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Wen D, Hui R, Wang J, Shen X, Xie B, Gong M, Yu F, Cong B, Ma C. Effects of Molecular Hydrogen on Methamphetamine-Induced Neurotoxicity and Spatial Memory Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:823. [PMID: 31396089 PMCID: PMC6664236 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive stimulant, and METH exposure can induce irreversible neuronal damage and cause neuropsychiatric and cognitive disorders. The ever-increasing levels of METH abuse worldwide have necessitated the identification of effective intervention strategies to protect the brain against METH-induced neurotoxicity. The protective effects of molecular hydrogen on oxidative stress and related neurodegenerative diseases have been recently elucidated. Herein, we investigated whether treatment with molecular hydrogen ameliorated the METH-induced neurotoxicity and spatial learning and memory impairments. Male C57BL/6 mice received four intraperitoneal METH injections (10 mg/kg, 3-h interval), and stereotypic behaviors and hyperthermia were observed. After METH treatment and behavioral observation, the mice were returned to their home cages, where they received water or hydrogen-rich water (HRW) ad libitum for 7 days. We found that the molecular hydrogen delivered by ad libitum HRW consumption significantly inhibited the METH-induced spatial learning impairment and memory loss evidenced in the Barnes maze and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, molecular hydrogen significantly restrained the neuronal damage in the hippocampus after high-dose METH exposure. Ad libitum HRW consumption also had an inhibitory effect on the METH-induced increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, glucose-related protein 78 (GRP 78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and p-NF-kB p65 expression and elevation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the hippocampus. These are the first findings to indicate that hydrogen might ameliorate METH-induced neurotoxicity and has a potential application in reducing the risk of neurodegeneration frequently observed in METH abusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rongji Hui
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Shen
- College of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bing Xie
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Department of Histoembryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Cong
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunling Ma
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang, China
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