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Garg P, Jamal F, Srivastava P. RNA-Seq data analysis reveals novel nonsense mutations in the NPR3 gene leading to the progression of intellectual disability disorder. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30755. [PMID: 38765165 PMCID: PMC11101858 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) is a progressive disorder that affects around 1-3% of the world's population. The heterogeneity of intellectual disability makes it difficult to diagnose as a complete disease. Genetic factors and major mutations play a noticeable role in the development and progression of ID. There is a high need to explore novel variants that may lead to new insights into the progressive aspects of ID. In the current course of study, 31 samples of ID from different studies available on GEO (GSE77742, GSE74263, GSE90682, GSE98476, GSE108887, GSE145710, and PRJEB21964) datasets were taken for the study. These datasets were analyzed for differential gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The SNPs of high impact were compared with the differentially expressed genes. Comparison leads to the identification of the priority gene ie NPR3 gene. The identified priority gene further was evaluated for the effect of the mutation using a Mutation Taster. Structure comparison analysis of the wild and mutated proteins of the NPR3 gene was further carried out by UCSF Chimera. Structural analysis reveals the anomalies in protein expression affecting the regulations of the NPR3 gene. These findings identified a novel nonsense mutation (E222*) in the downregulated NPR3 gene that leads to anomalies in the regulation of its protein expression. This missense mutation reveals a major role in causing ID. Our study concludes that the decrease in the expression of the NPR3 gene causes delayed sensory, motor, and physiological functions of the human brain leading to neurodevelopmental delay that causes ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prekshi Garg
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
| | - Farrukh Jamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, 224001, UP, India
| | - Prachi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, 226028, India
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2
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Ali NH, Al‐Kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alnaaim SA, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Khalifa AA, Saad HM, Batiha GE. Neprilysin inhibitors and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A future perspective. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e17993. [PMID: 37847125 PMCID: PMC10826440 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with multifaceted neuropathological disorders. AD is characterized by intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated tau proteins and extracellular deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ). Various protease enzymes, including neprilysin (NEP), are concerned with the degradation and clearance of Aβ. Indeed, a defective neuronal clearance pathway due to the dysfunction of degradation enzymes might be a possible mechanism for the accumulation of Aβ and subsequent progression of AD neuropathology. NEP is one of the most imperative metalloproteinase enzymes involved in the clearance of Aβ. This review aimed to highlight the possible role of NEP inhibitors in AD. The combination of sacubitril and valsartan which is called angiotensin receptor blocker and NEP inhibitor (ARNI) may produce beneficial and deleterious effects on AD neuropathology. NEP inhibitors might increase the risk of AD by the inhibition of Aβ clearance, and increase brain bradykinin (BK) and natriuretic peptides (NPs), which augment the pathogenesis of AD. These verdicts come from animal model studies, though they may not be applied to humans. However, clinical studies revealed promising safety findings regarding the use of ARNI. Moreover, NEP inhibition increases various neuroprotective peptides involved in inflammation, glucose homeostasis and nerve conduction. Also, NEP inhibitors may inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) expression, ameliorating insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels. These findings proposed that NEP inhibitors may have a protective effect against AD development by increasing GLP-1, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and substance P, and deleterious effects by increasing brain BK. Preclinical and clinical studies are recommended in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif H. Ali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical CollegeNajran UniversityNajranSaudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of MedicineMustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Saud A. Alnaaim
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, College of MedicineKing Faisal UniversityHofufSaudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, University of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Asmaa A. Khalifa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of PharmacyPharos University in AlexandriaAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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3
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Della Corte V, Pacinella G, Todaro F, Pecoraro R, Tuttolomondo A. The Natriuretic Peptide System: A Single Entity, Pleiotropic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119642. [PMID: 37298592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the modern scientific landscape, natriuretic peptides are a complex and interesting network of molecules playing pleiotropic effects on many organs and tissues, ensuring the maintenance of homeostasis mainly in the cardiovascular system and regulating the water-salt balance. The characterization of their receptors, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which they exert their action, and the discovery of new peptides in the last period have made it possible to increasingly feature the physiological and pathophysiological role of the members of this family, also allowing to hypothesize the possible settings for using these molecules for therapeutic purposes. This literature review traces the history of the discovery and characterization of the key players among the natriuretic peptides, the scientific trials performed to ascertain their physiological role, and the applications of this knowledge in the clinical field, leaving a glimpse of new and exciting possibilities for their use in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoriano Della Corte
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pacinella
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica Todaro
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Pecoraro
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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4
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Gómez-Choco M, Mena L, Font MÀ, Mengual JJ, Garcia-Sanchez SM, Avellaneda C, Montull C, Castrillo L, Blanch P, Lleixa M, Martín-Baranera M, Armario P. NT-proBNP, cerebral small vessel disease and cardiac function in patients with a recent lacunar infarct. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:62-67. [PMID: 35013570 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NT-proBNP is produced from both atria and ventricles and it is increased in patients with cardiac disease. NT-proBNP is also associated with cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD) but there are no studies that had carried out a systematic evaluation of cardiac function in this specific setting. We conducted a prospective observational study in 100 patients within 30 days after a recent lacunar infarct by means of brain MRI, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, transthoracic echocardiography, and plasmatic NT-proBNP. Global cSVD burden was quantified using a validated visual score (0 to 4) and dichotomized into 2 groups (0-2 or 3-4). Age (73.8 vs 63.5 years) and NT-proBNP (156 vs 76 pg/ml) were increased in patients with SVD 3-4, while daytime augmentation index normalized for the heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx75) (22.5 vs 25.6%) was decreased. The proportion of patients with left atrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, or septal e' velocity <7 cm/s was not different between both groups. NT-proBNP was increased in patients with left atrial enlargement (126 vs 88 pg/ml). In multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.129 CI 95% 1.054-1.209), daytime AIx75 (OR 0.91 CI 95% 0.84-0.987,) and NT-proBNP (OR 1.007 CI 95% 1.001-1.012,) were independently associated with cSVD score 3-4. In conclusion, as well as in other patients with cSVD we found an association between NT-proBNP and cSVD. This association was independent of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gómez-Choco
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain. .,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luis Mena
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Maria Àngels Font
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Mengual
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Sonia Maria Garcia-Sanchez
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Avellaneda
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Caterina Montull
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Radiology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Laura Castrillo
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Radiology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Pedro Blanch
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Mercè Lleixa
- Neurology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain
| | - Montserrat Martín-Baranera
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Epidemiology Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain.,Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Armario
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.,Internal Medicine Department, Complex Hospitalari Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Spain.,Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Perez-Ternero C, Pallier PN, Tremoleda JL, Delogu A, Fernandes C, Michael-Titus AT, Hobbs AJ. C-type natriuretic peptide preserves central neurological function by maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:991112. [PMID: 36267701 PMCID: PMC9577671 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.991112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and key to neuronal development; however, a broader role for CNP in the CNS remains unclear. To address this deficit, we investigated behavioral, sensory and motor abnormalities and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in a unique mouse model with inducible, global deletion of CNP (gbCNP-/-). gbCNP-/- mice and wild-type littermates at 12 (young adult) and 65 (aged) weeks of age were investigated for changes in gait and motor coordination (CatWalk™ and rotarod tests), anxiety-like behavior (open field and elevated zero maze tests), and motor and sensory function (modified neurological severity score [mNSS] and primary SHIRPA screen). Vascular permeability was assessed in vivo (Miles assay) with complementary in vitro studies conducted in primary murine brain endothelial cells. Young adult gbCNP-/- mice had normal gait but reduced motor coordination, increased locomotor activity in the open field and elevated zero maze, and had a higher mNSS score. Aged gbCNP-/- animals developed recurrent spontaneous seizures and had impaired gait and wide-ranging motor and sensory dysfunction. Young adult and aged gbCNP-/- mice exhibited increased BBB permeability, which was partially restored in vitro by CNP administration. Cultured brain endothelial cells from gbCNP-/- mice had an abnormal ZO-1 protein distribution. These data suggest that lack of CNP in the CNS impairs tight junction protein arrangement and increases BBB permeability, which is associated with changes in locomotor activity, motor coordination and late-onset seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Perez-Ternero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N. Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L. Tremoleda
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Delogu
- Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J. Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Modelling the Human Blood-Brain Barrier in Huntington Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147813. [PMID: 35887162 PMCID: PMC9321930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
While blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been described in neurological disorders, including Huntington’s disease (HD), it is not known if endothelial cells themselves are functionally compromised when promoting BBB dysfunction. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of BBB dysfunction remain elusive given the limitations with mouse models and post mortem tissue to identify primary deficits. We established models of BBB and undertook a transcriptome and functional analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain-like microvascular endothelial cells (iBMEC) from HD patients or unaffected controls. We demonstrated that HD-iBMECs have abnormalities in barrier properties, as well as in specific BBB functions such as receptor-mediated transcytosis.
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7
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Jehle A, Garaschuk O. The Interplay between cGMP and Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137048. [PMID: 35806059 PMCID: PMC9266933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger and a key molecule in many important signaling cascades in the body and brain, including phototransduction, olfaction, vasodilation, and functional hyperemia. Additionally, cGMP is involved in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular correlate of learning and memory, and recent studies have identified the cGMP-increasing drug Sildenafil as a potential risk modifier in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD development is accompanied by a net increase in the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthases but a decreased activity of soluble guanylate cyclases, so the exact sign and extent of AD-mediated imbalance remain unclear. Moreover, human patients and mouse models of the disease present with entangled deregulation of both cGMP and Ca2+ signaling, e.g., causing changes in cGMP-mediated Ca2+ release from the intracellular stores as well as Ca2+-mediated cGMP production. Still, the mechanisms governing such interplay are poorly understood. Here, we review the recent data on mechanisms underlying the brain cGMP signaling and its interconnection with Ca2+ signaling. We also discuss the recent evidence stressing the importance of such interplay for normal brain function as well as in Alzheimer’s disease.
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8
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Sahu R, Mehan S, Kumar S, Prajapati A, Alshammari A, Alharbi M, Assiri MA, Narula AS. Effect of alpha-mangostin in the prevention of behavioral and neurochemical defects in methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity in experimental rats. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:977-998. [PMID: 35783250 PMCID: PMC9247835 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg+) is a known neurotoxin that causes progressive motor neuron degeneration in the central nervous system. Axonal degeneration, oligodendrocyte degeneration, and myelin basic protein (MBP) deficits are among the neuropathological abnormalities caused by MeHg+ in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This results in demyelination and motor neuron death in both humans and animals. Previous experimental studies have confirmed that overexpression of the extracellular signalling regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signalling contributes to glutamate excitotoxicity, inflammatory response of microglial cells, and oligodendrocyte (OL) dysfunction that promotes myelin loss. Alpha-mangostin (AMG), an active ingredient obtained from the tree "Garcinia mangostana Linn," has been used in experimental animals to treat a variety of brain disorders, including Parkinson's and Huntington's disease memory impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia, including Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease memory impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. AMG has traditionally been used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective agent.Accordingly, we investigated the therapeutic potential of AMG (100 and 200 mg/kg) in experimental rats with methylmercury (MeHg+)-induced neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effect of AMG on behavioural, cellular, molecular, and other gross pathological changes, such as histopathological alterations in MeHg+ -treated rat brains, is presented. The neurological behaviour of experimental rats was evaluated using a Morris water maze (MWM), open field test (OFT), grip strength test (GST), and force swim test (FST). In addition, we investigate AMG's neuroprotective effect by restoring MBP levels in cerebral spinal fluid and whole rat brain homogenate. The apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers were measured in rat blood plasma samples and brain homogenate. According to the findings of this study, AMG decreases ERK-1/2 levels and modulates neurochemical alterations in rat brains, minimising MeHg+ -induced neurotoxicity. Chronic methylmercury (MeHg+) exposure was used to cause motor neuron degeneration in rats. In MeHg-treated rats, oral administration of alpha-mangostin (AMG) improved behavioural, and neurochemical alterations. Effect of AMG related to anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties via reducing ERK1/2 protein levels. AMG improved rat brain remyelination and enhancing MBP levels in rat brain homogenate, blood plasma, and CSF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- Correspondence to: Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Aradhana Prajapati
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Keo A, Dzyubachyk O, van der Grond J, Hafkemeijer A, van de Berg WDJ, van Hilten JJ, Reinders MJT, Mahfouz A. Cingulate networks associated with gray matter loss in Parkinson's disease show high expression of cholinergic genes in the healthy brain. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:3727-3739. [PMID: 33792979 PMCID: PMC8251922 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Structural covariance networks are able to identify functionally organized brain regions by gray matter volume covariance across a population. We examined the transcriptomic signature of such anatomical networks in the healthy brain using postmortem microarray data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. A previous study revealed that a posterior cingulate network and anterior cingulate network showed decreased gray matter in brains of Parkinson's disease patients. Therefore, we examined these two anatomical networks to understand the underlying molecular processes that may be involved in Parkinson's disease. Whole brain transcriptomics from the healthy brain revealed upregulation of genes associated with serotonin, GPCR, GABA, glutamate, and RAS-signaling pathways. Our results also suggest involvement of the cholinergic circuit, in which genes NPPA, SOSTDC1, and TYRP1 may play a functional role. Finally, both networks were enriched for genes associated with neuropsychiatric disorders that overlap with Parkinson's disease symptoms. The identified genes and pathways contribute to healthy functions of the posterior and anterior cingulate networks and disruptions to these functions may in turn contribute to the pathological and clinical events observed in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlin Keo
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Oleh Dzyubachyk
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Grond
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Hafkemeijer
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Methodology and Statistics, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Mahfouz
- Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Mahinrad S, Sabayan B, Garner CR, Lloyd-Jones DM, Sorond FA. N-Terminal Pro Brain, N-Terminal Pro Atrial Natriuretic Peptides, and Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018203. [PMID: 33059537 PMCID: PMC7763392 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Elevated natriuretic peptides (NP) are associated with adverse cerebrovascular conditions including stroke, cerebral small vessel disease, and dementia. However, the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. In this study, we examined the relationship of NT‐proBNP (N‐terminal pro brain NP) and NT‐proANP (N‐terminal pro atrial NP) with cerebrovascular function, measured by cerebral autoregulation. Methods and Results We included 154 participants (mean age 56±4 years old) from the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) cohort. NT‐proBNP and NT‐proANP were measured in blood samples from the year 25 examination using electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay and enzyme‐linked immunoassay, respectively. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) was assessed at the year 30 examination by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, using transfer function analysis (phase and gain) of spontaneous blood pressure and flow velocity oscillations, where lower phase and higher gain reflect less efficient cerebral autoregulation. We used multivariable linear regression models adjusted for demographics, vascular risk factors, and history of kidney and cardiac diseases. Higher NT‐proBNP levels at year 25 were associated with lower phase (β [95% CI]=−5.30 lower degrees of phase [−10.05 to −0.54]) and higher gain (β [95% CI]=0.06 higher cm/s per mm Hg of gain [0.004–0.12]) at year 30. Similarly, higher NT‐proANP levels were associated with lower phase (β [95% CI]=−9.08 lower degrees of phase [−16.46 to −1.70]). Conclusions Higher circulating levels of NT‐proBNP and NT‐proANP are associated with less efficient dCA 5 years later. These findings link circulating NP to cerebral autoregulation and may be one mechanism tying NP to adverse cerebrovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Mahinrad
- Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Behnam Sabayan
- Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Chaney R Garner
- Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Department of Neurology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL
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11
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Saller T, Peterss S, Scheiermann P, Eser-Valeri D, Ehler J, Bruegger D, Chappell D, Kofler O, Hagl C, Hofmann-Kiefer K. Natriuretic Peptides as a Prognostic Marker for Delirium in Cardiac Surgery-A Pilot Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060258. [PMID: 32471143 PMCID: PMC7353880 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Delirium is a common and major complication subsequent to cardiac surgery. Despite scientific efforts, there are no parameters which reliably predict postoperative delirium. In delirium pathology, natriuretic peptides (NPs) interfere with the blood–brain barrier and thus promote delirium. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether NPs may predict postoperative delirium and long-term outcomes. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the predictive value of NPs for delirium we retrospectively analyzed data from a prospective, randomized study for serum levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and the precursor of C-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proCNP) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with or without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump coronary bypass grafting; OPCAB). Delirium was assessed by a validated chart-based method. Long-term outcomes were assessed 10 years after surgery by a telephone interview. Results: The overall incidence of delirium in the total cohort was 48% regardless of the surgical approach (CABG vs. OPCAB). Serum ANP levels > 64.6 pg/mL predicted delirium with a sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of 100% (75.3–100) and specificity of 42.9% (17.7–71.1). Serum NT-proCNP levels >1.7 pg/mL predicted delirium with a sensitivity (95% confidence interval) of 92.3% (64.0–99.8) and specificity of 42.9% (17.7–71.1). Both NPs could not predict postoperative survival or long-term cognitive decline. Conclusions: We found a positive correlation between delirium and preoperative plasma levels of ANP and NT-proCNP. A well-powered and prospective study might identify NPs as biomarkers indicating the risk of delirium and postoperative cognitive decline in patients at risk for postoperative delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Saller
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.S.); (D.B.); (O.K.); (K.H.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-73410
| | - Sven Peterss
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Patrick Scheiermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.S.); (D.B.); (O.K.); (K.H.-K.)
| | - Daniela Eser-Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Johannes Ehler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Dirk Bruegger
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.S.); (D.B.); (O.K.); (K.H.-K.)
| | - Daniel Chappell
- Clinic for Anaesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Klinikum Frankfurt Hoechst, 65929 Frankfurt/Main, Germany;
| | - Othmar Kofler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.S.); (D.B.); (O.K.); (K.H.-K.)
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (S.P.); (C.H.)
| | - Klaus Hofmann-Kiefer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (P.S.); (D.B.); (O.K.); (K.H.-K.)
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