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Iring A, Baranyi M, Iring-Varga B, Mut-Arbona P, Gál ZT, Nagy D, Hricisák L, Varga J, Benyó Z, Sperlágh B. Blood oxygen regulation via P2Y12R expressed in the carotid body. Respir Res 2024; 25:61. [PMID: 38281036 PMCID: PMC10821555 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood oxygen monitoring via chemoreceptors in the carotid body (CB) is an integral function of the autonomic cardiorespiratory regulation. The presence of the purinergic P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) has been implicated in CB; however, the exact role of the receptor in O2 sensing and signal transduction is unknown. METHODS The presence of P2Y12R was established by immunoblotting, RT qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Primary glomus cells were used to assess P2Y12R function during hypoxia and hypercapnia, where monoamines were measured by HPLC; calcium signal was recorded utilizing OGB-1 and N-STORM Super-Resolution System. Ingravescent hypoxia model was tested in anaesthetized mice of mixed gender and cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded in control and receptor-deficient or drug-treated experimental animals. RESULTS Initially, the expression of P2Y12R in adult murine CB was confirmed. Hypoxia induced a P2Y12R-dependent release of monoamine transmitters from isolated CB cells. Receptor activation with the endogenous ligand ADP promoted release of neurotransmitters under normoxic conditions, while blockade disrupted the amplitude and duration of the intracellular calcium concentration. In anaesthetised mice, blockade of P2Y12R expressed in the CB abrogated the initiation of compensatory cardiorespiratory changes in hypoxic environment, while centrally inhibited receptors (i.e. microglial receptors) or receptor-deficiency induced by platelet depletion had limited influence on the physiological adjustment to hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral P2Y12R inhibition interfere with the complex mechanisms of acute oxygen sensing by influencing the calcium signalling and the release of neurotransmitter molecules to evoke compensatory response to hypoxia. Prospectively, the irreversible blockade of glomic receptors by anti-platelet drugs targeting P2Y12Rs, propose a potential, formerly unrecognized side-effect to anti-platelet medications in patients with pulmonary morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Iring
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Iring-Varga
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Paula Mut-Arbona
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna T Gál
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Dorina Nagy
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU), Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - László Hricisák
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU), Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - János Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
- Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, Semmelweis University (HUN-REN-SU), Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, HUN-REN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
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Barany A, Fuentes J, Valderrama V, Broz-Ruiz A, Martínez-Rodríguez G, Mancera JM. Oral cortisol and dexamethasone intake: Differential physiology and transcriptional responses in the marine juvenile Sparus aurata. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 344:114371. [PMID: 37640145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This study approached the long-term oral administration of cortisol (F) and dexamethasone (DEX), two synthetic glucocorticoids, compared to a control group (CT) in the juveniles of a marine teleost, the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Physiologically, DEX treatment impaired growth, which appears to be linked to carbohydrate allocation in muscle and liver, hepatic triglycerides depletion, and reduced hematocrit. Hypophyseal gh mRNA expression was 2-fold higher in DEX than in CT or F groups. Similarly, hypothalamic trh and hypophyseal pomcb followed this pattern. Plasma cortisol levels were significantly lower in DEX than in CT, while F presented intermediate levels. In the posterior intestine, measured short circuit-current (Isc) was more anion absorptive in CT and F compared to the DEX group, whereas Isc remained unaffected in the anterior intestine. The derived transepithelial electric resistance (TEER) significantly differed between intestinal regions in the DEX group. These results provide new insights to understand better potential targeted biomarkers indicative of the differential glucocorticoid or mineralocorticoid-receptors activation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barany
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, 01003 Amherst, MA, USA; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - J Fuentes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - V Valderrama
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Broz-Ruiz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - G Martínez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, Spanish National Research Council (ICMAN-CSIC), E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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El-Dahmy RM, Elsayed I, Hussein J, Althubiti M, Almaimani RA, El-Readi MZ, Elbaset MA, Ibrahim BMM. Development of Transdermal Oleogel Containing Olmesartan Medoxomil: Statistical Optimization and Pharmacological Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1083. [PMID: 37111569 PMCID: PMC10146305 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is a first-line antihypertensive drug with low oral bioavailability (28.6%). This study aimed to develop oleogel formulations to decrease OLM side effects and boost its therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. OLM oleogel formulations were composed of Tween 20, Aerosil 200, and lavender oil. A central composite response surface design chose the optimized formulation, containing Oil/Surfactant (SAA) ratio of 1:1 and Aerosil % of 10.55%, after showing the lowest firmness and compressibility, and the highest viscosity, adhesiveness, and bioadhesive properties (Fmax and Wad). The optimized oleogel increased OLM release by 4.21 and 4.97 folds than the drug suspension and gel, respectively. The optimized oleogel formulation increased OLM permeation by 5.62 and 7.23 folds than the drug suspension and gel, respectively. The pharmacodynamic study revealed the superiority of the optimized formulation in maintaining normal blood pressure and heart rate for 24 h. The biochemical analysis revealed that the optimized oleogel achieved the best serum electrolyte balance profile, preventing OLM-induced tachycardia. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the optimized oleogel increased OLM's bioavailability by more than 4.5- and 2.5-folds compared to the standard gel and the oral market tablet, respectively. These results confirmed the success of oleogel formulations in the transdermal delivery of OLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Moataz El-Dahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Central Axis, Cairo 12585, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 04184, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jihan Hussein
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Althubiti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Abdeyah, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt
| | - Marawan A. Elbaset
- Pharmacology Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Bassant M. M. Ibrahim
- Pharmacology Department, Medicine and Clinical Studies Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Purification, molecular docking and in vivo analyses of novel angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Màrechal) seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 230:123138. [PMID: 36610577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The moth bean is a high-protein food legume. Enzymatic hydrolysates of food proteins demostrate health benefits. Search for diet related food protein hydrolysates is therefore within the scope of functional foods. Present study asertains to produce, screen and identify natural ACE-I inhibitory peptides derived from moth bean seed protein hydrolysates. The extracted protein was hydrolysed using alcalase, chymotrypsin, flavourzyme, papain, pepsin and trypsin respectively. Alcalase achieved the greatest degree of hydrolysis and ACE inhibition. The highest ACE-I inhibitory activity was exhibited by the peptide with the lowest molecular weight i.e. <3 kDa (IC50 11.19 ± 0.15 μg/mL). This was further separated by FPLC, followed by mass spectrometry. Molecular docking analysis showed the peptides IAWDFR and ADLPGLK bind to active sites whereas DKPWWPK and AVIPNAPNLR to non-active sites of the ACE molecule. In vivo administration of MBP hydrolysate to dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats reduced their systolic blood pressure (125 ± 0.76 mmHg) compared with positive control (155 ± 3.13 mmHg). Moth bean protein peptides exhibit functional nutraceutical properties with adequate antihypertensive activity.
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Effects of Different Corticosteroid Doses in Elderly Unvaccinated Patients with Severe to Critical COVID-19. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111924. [PMID: 36431059 PMCID: PMC9697502 DOI: 10.3390/life12111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce a broad range of clinical symptoms, and the most severe cases are characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response with the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-1B, and interleukin-6 have become key signatures of severe COVID-19. For this reason, the use of 6 mg of dexamethasone has become a standard of care, although this regime may not be optimal. Even though various glucocorticoid doses have been proposed, it is still unclear which dose should be used to prevent adverse effects while at the same time reducing the inflammatory response. Here, we compared two different doses of corticosteroids in 52 elderly hospitalized patients with severe to critical COVID-19 to assess efficacy and safety. We showed that in patients receiving a higher dose of prednisone, the time to negative swab was significantly longer. Furthermore, although neither dose was correlated with the risk of death, patients receiving the high dose were more likely to have adverse events such as hyperglycemia, leukocytosis, an increase in systemic blood pressure, and others. Finally, the BMI, WBC number, and NLR value were directly related to death. In conclusion, although the optimal glucocorticoid dose is still undefined, our retrospective study supports the absence of beneficial effects in the utilization of higher doses of corticosteroids in elderly patients with severe to critical COVID-19.
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Braz-de-Melo HA, Faria SS, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Santos IDO, Kobinger GP, Magalhães KG. The Use of the Anticoagulant Heparin and Corticosteroid Dexamethasone as Prominent Treatments for COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:615333. [PMID: 33968948 PMCID: PMC8102695 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.615333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is spreading worldwide at disturbing rates, overwhelming global healthcare. Mounting death cases due to disease complications highlight the necessity of describing efficient drug therapy strategies for severe patients. COVID-19 severity associates with hypercoagulation and exacerbated inflammation, both influenced by ACE2 downregulation and cytokine storm occurrence. In this review, we discuss the applicability of the anticoagulant heparin and the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid dexamethasone for managing severe COVID-19 patients. The upregulated inflammation and blood clotting may be mitigated by administrating heparin and its derivatives. Heparin enhances the anticoagulant property of anti-thrombin (AT) and may be useful in conjunction with fibrinolytic drugs for severe COVID-19 patients. Besides, heparin can also modulate immune responses, alleviating TNF-α-mediated inflammation, impairing IL-6 production and secretion, and binding to complement proteins and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Moreover, heparin may present anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential once it can impact viral infectivity and alter SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein architecture. Another feasible approach is the administration of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. Although glucocorticoid's administration for viral infection managing is controversial, there is increasing evidence demonstrating that dexamethasone treatment is capable of drastically diminishing the death rate of patients presenting with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that required invasive mechanical ventilation. Importantly, dexamethasone may be detrimental by impairing viral clearance and inducing hyperglycemia and sodium retention, hence possibly being deleterious for diabetics and hypertensive patients, two major COVID-19 risk groups. Therefore, while heparin's multitarget capacity shows to be strongly beneficial for severe COVID-19 patients, dexamethasone should be carefully administered taking into consideration underlying medical conditions and COVID-19 disease severity. Therefore, we suggest that the multitarget impact of heparin as an anti-viral, antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory drug in the early stage of the COVID-19 could significantly reduce the need for dexamethasone treatment in the initial phase of this disease. If the standard treatment of heparins fails on protecting against severe illness, dexamethasone must be applied as a potent anti-inflammatory shutting-down the uncontrolled and exacerbated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Socorro Faria
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et d'Immunologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Peyembouo FP, Fofié CK, Nguelefack TB. Dose-dependent and time-dependent metabolic, hemodynamic, and redox disturbances in dexamethasone-treated Wistar rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 33:457-469. [PMID: 34704690 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dexamethasone is used experimentally to induce insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, data concerning the dose, the duration of treatment, and the associated comorbidities are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of dexamethasone and the duration of treatment necessary for the development of a model of insulin resistance that mimics the clinical condition with the associated comorbidities. METHODS Dexamethasone was administered intramuscularly to male Wistar rats, at doses of 500 and 1,000 µg/kg/day for the subchronic treatment (eight consecutive days) and at doses of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/kg/day in chronic treatment (28 consecutive days). Effects on body weight, metabolism, hemodynamics, renal function, and redox status were evaluated. RESULTS Both treatments induced a progressive body weight loss that was drastic in subchronic treatment, improved glucose tolerance without affecting fasting glycemia. Doses of 1,000 and 100 µg/kg were associated with hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and increased heart rate, cardiac and renal hypertrophy. Increased creatinemia associated with reduced creatinuria were observed in sub-chronic treatment while increased proteinuria and reduced creatinuria were noticed in chronic treatment. 1,000 µg/kg dexamethasone caused an increase in hepatic, and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) coupled with a reduction in catalase activity. The dose of 100 µg/kg induced a rise in GSH and catalase activity but reduced MDA levels in the kidney. CONCLUSIONS Doses of 1,000 µg/kg for subchronic and 100 µg/kg for chronic treatment exhibited similar effects and are the best doses to respective time frames to induce the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvine P Nguelefack-Mbuyo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Fernande P Peyembouo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Christian K Fofié
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Télesphore B Nguelefack
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Akin S, Kubat GB, Guray U, Akin Y, Demirel HA. Possible value of galectin-3 on follow-up of cardiac remodeling during glucocorticoid treatment. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22717. [PMID: 33484019 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs globally due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Although they have positive effects on the treatment of various disease states; long-term administration is associated with high blood pressure, insulin resistance, and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. The heart attempts to cope with increased blood pressure and a decrease in glucose utilization by developing pathological cardiac remodeling. However, in this process, cardiac fibrosis formation and deterioration in heart structure and functions occur. Galectin-3, a member of the β-galactoside binding lectins, is consistently associated with inflammation and fibrosis in the pathogenesis of various disease states including insulin resistance and heart failure. Galectin-3 expression is markedly increased in activated macrophages and a subset of activated fibroblasts and vascular cells. Also, failing and remodeling myocardium show increased Gal-3 expression and elevated Gal-3 levels are related to heart failure severity and prognosis. Furthermore, Gal-3-related pathways are recently suggested as therapeutic targets both pharmacologically and genetically to increase insulin sensitivity in vivo. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of our current understanding of the role of glucocorticoid-associated insulin resistance, which is important for some cardiac events, and the potential role of galectin in this pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Akin
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokhan B Kubat
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Umit Guray
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesim Akin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Haydar A Demirel
- Department of Exercise and Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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