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Naik VV, Desai VH, Noronha S. Synergistic anxiolytic efficacy exploring the combined effects of diazepam and zinc chloride in wistar albino rats. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2024; 74:220-226. [PMID: 38729181 DOI: 10.1055/a-2308-9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Combinations of medications are frequently employed when their effects are similar. Beyond aiding in the reduction of medication dosages, this approach may yield additional positive outcomes. Studies have shown that zinc can mitigate anxiety-related behavior in laboratory animals. This study aimed to investigate the potential stabilizing effects of zinc chloride and diazepam in Wistar albino rats.Five groups, each comprising six animals. Test groups included two combinations of zinc chloride and diazepam, each with two different doses of diazepam (1 and 2 mg/kg) and 10 mg/kg of zinc chloride. Four established anxiety models-the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), the hole board, the light and dark box, and the mirror chamber-were employed to assess the anxiolytic effects. The combination of zinc chloride and diazepam proved to be more effective than the individual doses of zinc chloride and diazepam, indicating enhanced anxiolytic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwani V Naik
- Department of Pharmacology, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panjim, Goa, India
| | - Vedita Hegde Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panjim, Goa, India
| | - Sam Noronha
- Department of Pharmacology, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Panjim, Goa, India
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Araújo de Vasconcelos MH, Tavares RL, Dutra MLDV, Batista KS, D'Oliveira AB, Pinheiro RO, Pereira RDA, Lima MDS, Salvadori MGDSS, de Souza EL, Magnani M, Alves AF, Aquino JDS. Extra virgin coconut oil ( Cocos nucifera L.) intake shows neurobehavioural and intestinal health effects in obesity-induced rats. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37318515 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of E-VCO on the neurobehaviour and intestinal health parameters of obesity-induced rats, focusing on food consumption, body composition, bacterial and faecal organic acids and histological analyses in the hippocampus and colon. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomized into healthy (HG, n = 16) and obese groups (OG, n = 16), which consumed a control or cafeteria diet for eight weeks, respectively. After this period, they were subdivided into four groups: healthy (HG, n = 8); healthy treated with E-VCO (HGCO, n = 8); obese (OG, n = 8); obese treated with E-VCO (OGCO, n = 8), continuing for another eight weeks with their respective diets. The treated groups received 3000 mg kg-1 of E-VCO and control groups received water via gavage. Food preference, body weight gain, body composition, anxiety- and depression-like behaviour were evaluated. Bacteria and organic acids were evaluated in faeces, and histological analyses of the hippocampus and M1 and M2 macrophages in the colon were performed. E-VCO reduced energy intake (16.68%) and body weight gain (16%), although it did not reduce the fat mass of obese rats. E-VCO showed an antidepressant effect, increased lactic acid bacteria counts and modulated organic acids in obese rats. Furthermore, E-VCO protected the hippocampus from neuronal degeneration caused by the obesogenic diet, decreased the M1 macrophage and increased the M2 macrophage population in the gut. The results suggest neurobehavioural modulation and improved gut health by E-VCO, with promising effects against obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Araújo de Vasconcelos
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Renata Leite Tavares
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Letícia da Veiga Dutra
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Kamila Sabino Batista
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa D'Oliveira
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Oliveira Pinheiro
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ramon de Alencar Pereira
- Laboratory of Leishmaniasis Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcos Dos Santos Lima
- Laboratory of Food and Beverage Analysis, Department of Food Technology, Institute Federal of Sertão Pernambucano (IF-Sertão PE), Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biochemistry, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marciane Magnani
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes in Food, Department of Food Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of General Pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Prophylactic Zinc Administration Combined with Swimming Exercise Prevents Cognitive-Emotional Disturbances and Tissue Injury following a Transient Hypoxic-Ischemic Insult in the Rat. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:5388944. [PMID: 35637877 PMCID: PMC9146809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5388944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise performance and zinc administration individually yield a protective effect on various neurodegenerative models, including ischemic brain injury. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of subacute prophylactic zinc administration and swimming exercise in a transient cerebral ischemia model. The prophylactic zinc administration (2.5 mg/kg of body weight) was provided every 24 h for four days before a 30 min common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO), and 24 h after reperfusion, the rats were subjected to swimming exercise in the Morris Water Maze (MWM). Learning was evaluated daily for five days, and memory on day 12 postreperfusion; anxiety or depression-like behavior was measured by the elevated plus maze and the motor activity by open-field test. Nitrites, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were assessed in the temporoparietal cortex and hippocampus. The three nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms, chemokines, and their receptor levels were measured by ELISA. Nissl staining evaluated hippocampus cytoarchitecture and Iba-1 immunohistochemistry activated the microglia. Swimming exercise alone could not prevent ischemic damage but, combined with prophylactic zinc administration, reversed the cognitive deficit, decreased NOS and chemokine levels, prevented tissue damage, and increased Iba-1 (+) cell number. These results suggest that the subacute prophylactic zinc administration combined with swimming exercise, but not the individual treatment, prevents the ischemic damage on day 12 postreperfusion in the transient ischemia model.
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Shayganfard M. Are Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1032-1059. [PMID: 33904124 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of mental disorders is associated with several risk factors including genetic and environmental susceptibility. A group of nutrients serves an especially important role in a number of essential neurodevelopmental processes through brain areas promoting the high degree of brain metabolism during early life, although almost all nutrients are needed. These include macronutrients and micronutrients (e.g., iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium). Numerous nutritional psychiatry trials have been performed to examine the correlation of many individual nutrients with mental health, such as essential trace elements. The increased accumulation or lack of such components will facilitate an alternative metabolic pathway that can lead to many diseases and conditions of neurodevelopment. Mental functions have biochemical bases, so the impairment of such neurochemical mechanisms due to lack of trace elements can have mental effects. In psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism, scientific studies demonstrate the putative role of trace element deficiency. Therefore, given the critical roles played by essential trace elements in the neurodevelopment and mental health, the effect of these elements' intake on the modulation of psychological functioning is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Shayganfard
- Department of Psychiatry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Parsa H, Moradi-Khaligh Z, Rajabi S, Ranjbar K, Komaki A. Swimming training and Plantago psyllium ameliorate cognitive impairment and glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats. J Physiol Sci 2021; 71:37. [PMID: 34837961 PMCID: PMC10717834 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-021-00823-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Brain malfunction is common in diabetic patients. On the other hand, a growing body of research points to the beneficial effect of medicinal plants and exercise training on insulin sensitivity and brain function. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of co-administration of swimming training and Plantago psyllium (mixed with standard pelleted food at a weight ratio of 5%) on learning and memory impairment and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic rats. For this purpose, 10 healthy and 40 rats with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to five groups: healthy sedentary control group (Con), sedentary diabetic group (D), diabetic group subjected to swimming training (D + Tr), diabetic group receiving P. psyllium (D + Ps), and diabetic group subjected to swimming training and receiving P. psyllium (D + Ps + Tr). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) separately with 15 min intervals. Experimental groups were treated with swimming training and P. psyllium independently and simultaneously for 12 weeks. Lipid profile and food intake were measured and also, glucose tolerance was evaluated by glucose area under the curve (AUCg) using an oral glucose tolerance test. Passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory were evaluated by shuttle box test and cognitive memory was assessed by novel object recognition (NOR) and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests. Diabetic rats exhibited a significant increase in food intake, lipid profile, and AUCg compared to healthy rats. Step-through latency in the PAL acquisition trial (STL-a) and retention test (STL-r) were significantly lower in diabetic rats than in the control group. In the diabetic group without treatment, time spent in the dark compartment increased compared to the control group in the shuttle box test. Discrimination index and distance traveled reduced in diabetic rats. On the other hand, swimming training and P. psyllium alleviated food intake, lipid profile, and glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Also, the STL-a, STL-r, discrimination index, and distance travelled in the D + Ps + Tr group were significantly more than the diabetic group. Results showed that 12 weeks of swimming training and receiving P. psyllium improved memory deficit in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats possibly through hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects. These results suggest that the administration of swimming training and P. psyllium simultaneously might be an effective intervention for the treatment of diabetes-induced behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Parsa
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Moradi-Khaligh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sara Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Tavares RL, de Vasconcelos MHA, Dutra MLDV, D’Oliveira AB, Lima MDS, Salvadori MGDSS, Pereira RDA, Alves AF, do Nascimento YM, Tavares JF, Guzman-Quevedo O, Aquino JDS. Mucuna pruriens Administration Minimizes Neuroinflammation and Shows Anxiolytic, Antidepressant and Slimming Effects in Obese Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235559. [PMID: 33256223 PMCID: PMC7730813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of Mucuna pruriens (MP) administration on neuroinflammation and behavioral and murinometric parameters in obese rats. Proximate composition, oligosaccharide and phenolic compound profile of MP were determined. Wistar adult male rats were randomized into healthy (HG) and obese group (OG). The HG consumed a control chow diet while OG consumed a cafeteria diet for eight weeks. Then, they were subdivided into: Healthy (HG); Healthy with MP administration (HGMP); Obese (OG); Obese with MP administration (OGMP), with the consumption of the respective diets remaining for another eight weeks, in addition to gavage with MP extract to supplemented groups (750 mg/kg weight). MP presented a composition rich in proteins and phenolic compounds, especially catechin, in addition to 1-kestose and levodopa. Supplementation reduced food intake, body weight, and thoracic and abdominal circumferences in obese rats. MP showed anxiolytic and antidepressant effects and reduced morphological damage and expression of interleukin 6 in the hippocampus of obese rats. MP treatment showed satietogenic, slimming, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, besides to minimizing hippocampal neuroinflammation in obese rats. Our results demonstrated the potential anti-obesity of MP which are probably related to the high content of bioactive compounds present in this plant extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata leite Tavares
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (R.l.T.); (M.H.A.d.V.); (M.L.d.V.D.); (A.B.D.)
| | - Maria Helena Araújo de Vasconcelos
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (R.l.T.); (M.H.A.d.V.); (M.L.d.V.D.); (A.B.D.)
| | - Maria Letícia da Veiga Dutra
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (R.l.T.); (M.H.A.d.V.); (M.L.d.V.D.); (A.B.D.)
| | - Aline Barbosa D’Oliveira
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (R.l.T.); (M.H.A.d.V.); (M.L.d.V.D.); (A.B.D.)
| | - Marcos dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano, Rod. BR 407 km 08, s/n-Jardim São Paulo, Petrolina 56314-522, Brazil;
| | | | - Ramon de Alencar Pereira
- Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, n.6627-Pampulha, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil;
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (Y.M.d.N.); (J.F.T.)
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Pharmaceutical Technology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (Y.M.d.N.); (J.F.T.)
| | - Omar Guzman-Quevedo
- Laboratory Neuronutrition and Metabolic Disorders, Higher Technological Institute of Tacámbaro, Av. Tecnológico 201, Tecario, Tacámbaro 61651, Mexico;
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, s/n-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa 58051-085, Brazil; (R.l.T.); (M.H.A.d.V.); (M.L.d.V.D.); (A.B.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-3209-8715
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