1
|
Lianguzova A, Arbuzova N, Laskova E, Gafarova E, Repkin E, Matach D, Enshina I, Miroliubov A. Tricks of the puppet masters: morphological adaptations to the interaction with nervous system underlying host manipulation by rhizocephalan barnacle Polyascus polygeneus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16348. [PMID: 38025701 PMCID: PMC10655712 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rhizocephalan interaction with their decapod hosts is a superb example of host manipulation. These parasites are able to alter the host's physiology and behavior. Host-parasite interaction is performed, presumably, via special modified rootlets invading the ventral ganglions. Methods In this study, we focus on the morphology and ultrastructure of these special rootlets in Polyascus polygeneus (Lützen & Takahashi, 1997), family Polyascidae, invading the neuropil of the host's nervous tissue. The ventral ganglionic mass of the infected crabs were fixed, and the observed sites of the host-parasite interplay were studied using transmission electron microscopy, immunolabeling and confocal microscopy. Results The goblet-shaped organs present in the basal families of parasitic barnacles were presumably lost in a common ancestor of Polyascidae and crown "Akentrogonida", but the observed invasive rootlets appear to perform similar functions, including the synthesis of various substances which are transferred to the host's nervous tissue. Invasive rootlets significantly differ from trophic ones in cell layer composition and cuticle thickness. Numerous multilamellar bodies are present in the rootlets indicating the intrinsic cell rearrangement. The invasive rootlets of P. polygeneus are enlaced by the thin projections of glial cells. Thus, glial cells can be both the first hosts' respondents to the nervous tissue damage and the mediator of the rhizocephalan interaction with the nervous cells. One of the potential molecules engaged in the relationships of P. polygeneus and its host is serotonin, a neurotransmitter which is found exclusively in the invasive rootlets but not in trophic ones. Serotonin participates in different biological pathways in metazoans including the regulation of aggression in crustaceans, which is reduced in infected crabs. We conclude that rootlets associated with the host's nervous tissue are crucial for the regulation of host-parasite interplay and for evolution of the Rhizocephala.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Lianguzova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Arbuzova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Laskova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Gafarova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Egor Repkin
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Research Park, Center for Molecular and Cell Technologies, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Dzmitry Matach
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Enshina
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei Miroliubov
- Laboratory of Parasitic Worms and Protists, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Magalhães F, Andrade C, Simões B, Brigham F, Valente R, Martinez P, Rino J, Sugni M, Coelho AV. Regeneration of starfish radial nerve cord restores animal mobility and unveils a new coelomocyte population. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 394:293-308. [PMID: 37606764 PMCID: PMC10638123 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The potential to regenerate a damaged body part is expressed to a different extent in animals. Echinoderms, in particular starfish, are known for their outstanding regenerating potential. Differently, humans have restricted abilities to restore organ systems being dependent on limited sources of stem cells. In particular, the potential to regenerate the central nervous system is extremely limited, explaining the lack of natural mechanisms that could overcome the development of neurodegenerative diseases and the occurrence of trauma. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of regeneration in starfish could help the development of new therapeutic approaches in humans. In this study, we tackle the problem of starfish central nervous system regeneration by examining the external and internal anatomical and behavioral traits, the dynamics of coelomocyte populations, and neuronal tissue architecture after radial nerve cord (RNC) partial ablation. We noticed that the removal of part of RNC generated several anatomic anomalies and induced behavioral modifications (injured arm could not be used anymore to lead the starfish movement). Those alterations seem to be related to defense mechanisms and protection of the wound. In particular, histology showed that tissue patterns during regeneration resemble those described in holothurians and in starfish arm tip regeneration. Flow cytometry coupled with imaging flow cytometry unveiled a new coelomocyte population during the late phase of the regeneration process. Morphotypes of these and previously characterized coelomocyte populations were described based on IFC data. Further studies of this new coelomocyte population might provide insights on their involvement in radial nerve cord regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Magalhães
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Claúdia Andrade
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Simões
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Fredi Brigham
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ruben Valente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA (Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avancats), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Rino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, Department of Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Varela Coelho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abd Elkader HTAE, Al-Shami AS. Chronic exposure to bisphenol A induces behavioural, neurochemical, histological, and ultrastructural alterations in the ganglia tissue of the date mussels Lithophaga lithophaga. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109041-109062. [PMID: 37768489 PMCID: PMC10622395 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a common plastic additive, has been demonstrated mechanistically to be a potential endocrine disruptor and to affect a variety of body functions in organisms. Although previous research has shown that BPA is toxic to aquatic organisms, the mechanism of neurotoxic effects in marine bivalves remains unknown. The current study aimed to elucidate the neurotoxic effects of BPA when administered at different concentrations (0.25, 1, 2, and 5 µg/L) for twenty-eight days in the ganglia of a bivalve model, the Mediterranean mussel (Lithophaga lithophaga), which is an ecologically and economically important human food source of bivalve species in the Mediterranean Sea. Our findings revealed an increase in behavioural disturbances and malondialdehyde levels in treated mussel ganglia compared to the control group. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity increased in the ganglia of L. lithophaga treated with 0.25 and 2 µg/L. However, at BPA concentrations of 1 and 5 µg/L, SOD activity was significantly reduced, as was total glutathione concentration. BPA causes neurotoxicity, as evidenced by concentration-dependent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, dopamine, and serotonin. After chronic exposure to BPA, neurons showed distortion of the neuronal cell body and varying degrees of pyknosis. The ultrastructure changes in BPA-treated groups revealed the lightening of the nucleoplasm and a shrunken nuclear envelope. Overall, our findings suggest that BPA exposure altered antioxidation, neurochemical biomarkers, histopathological, and ultrastructural properties, resulting in behavioural changes. As a result, our findings provide a basis for further study into the toxicity of BPA in marine bivalves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Biotechnology Department, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chandra B, Voas MG, Davies EL, Roberts-Galbraith RH. Ets-1 transcription factor regulates glial cell regeneration and function in planarians. Development 2023; 150:dev201666. [PMID: 37665145 PMCID: PMC10508700 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Glia play multifaceted roles in nervous systems in response to injury. Depending on the species, extent of injury and glial cell type in question, glia can help or hinder the regeneration of neurons. Studying glia in the context of successful regeneration could reveal features of pro-regenerative glia that could be exploited for new human therapies. Planarian flatworms completely regenerate their nervous systems after injury - including glia - and thus provide a strong model system for exploring glia in the context of regeneration. Here, we report that planarian glia regenerate after neurons, and that neurons are required for correct glial numbers and localization during regeneration. We also identify the planarian transcription factor-encoding gene ets-1 as a key regulator of glial cell maintenance and regeneration. Using ets-1 (RNAi) to perturb glia, we show that glial loss is associated with altered neuronal gene expression, impeded animal movement and impaired nervous system architecture - particularly within the neuropil. Importantly, our work reveals the inter-relationships of glia and neurons in the context of robust neural regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bidushi Chandra
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew G. Voas
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Erin L. Davies
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Q, Cao T, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of Dmrt genes in echinoderms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7664. [PMID: 37169947 PMCID: PMC10175285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dmrt (Doublesex-mab3-related transcription factor) gene family is a class of crucial transcription factors characterized by one or several conserved DM (Doublesex/Mab-3) domains. Dmrt family genes can participate in various physiological developmental processes, especially in sex determination/differentiation. Echinoderms are extremely important research objects in various fields, such as sex determination/differentiation and neuroscience. However, to date, the genome-wide characterization and analysis of Dmrt genes in echinoderms have not been investigated. In this study, the identification and analysis of Dmrt genes in 11 representative echinoderms were performed using bioinformatics methods. A total of 43 Dmrt genes have been found in the studied echinoderms, and the number of Dmrt genes in different species ranges from 2 to 5. The phylogenetic tree showed that all Dmrt genes from echinoderms can be subdivided into 5 classes, the Dmrt2-like class, Dmrt3-like class, Dmrt4/5-like class, Dsx-like class, and a novel Dmrt (starfish-specific) class. Furthermore, selective pressure assessment suggested that the Dmrt genes underwent purifying selection pressure. In general, this study provides a molecular basis for echinoderm Dmrt genes and may serve as a reference for in-depth phylogenomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Warning, Protection and Restoration for Bohai Sea, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Tiangui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Yantai Vocational College, Yantai, 264670, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Yantai Vocational College, Yantai, 264670, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adameyko I. Evolutionary origin of the neural tube in basal deuterostomes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R319-R331. [PMID: 37098338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) of chordates, including humans, develops as a hollow tube with ciliated walls containing cerebrospinal fluid. However, most of the animals inhabiting our planet do not use this design and rather build their centralized brains from non-epithelialized condensations of neurons called ganglia, with no traces of epithelialized tubes or liquid-containing cavities. The evolutionary origin of tube-type CNSs stays enigmatic, especially as non-epithelialized ganglionic-type nervous systems dominate the animal kingdom. Here, I discuss recent findings relevant to understanding the potential homologies and scenarios of the origin, histology and anatomy of the chordate neural tube. The nerve cords of other deuterostomes might relate to the chordate neural tube at histological, developmental and cellular levels, including the presence of radial glia, layered stratification, retained epithelial features, morphogenesis via folding and formation of a lumen filled with liquid. Recent findings inspire a new view of hypothetical evolutionary scenarios explaining the tubular epithelialized structure of the CNS. One such idea suggests that early neural tubes were key for improved directional olfaction, which was facilitated by the liquid-containing internal cavity. The later separation of the olfactory portion of the tube led to the formation of the independent olfactory and posterior tubular CNS systems in vertebrates. According to an alternative hypothesis, the thick basiepithelial nerve cords could provide deuterostome ancestors with additional biomechanical support, which later improved by turning the basiepithelial cord into a tube filled with liquid - a hydraulic skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adameyko
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17165, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li T, Kirwan J, Arnone MI, Nilsson DE, La Camera G. A model of decentralized vision in the sea urchin Diadema africanum. iScience 2023; 26:106295. [PMID: 36950121 PMCID: PMC10025101 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea urchins can detect light and move in relation to luminous stimuli despite lacking eyes. They presumably detect light through photoreceptor cells distributed on their body surface. However, there is currently no mechanistic explanation of how these animals can process light to detect visual stimuli and produce oriented movement. Here, we present a model of decentralized vision in echinoderms that includes all known processing stages, from photoreceptor cells to radial nerve neurons to neurons contained in the oral nerve ring encircling the mouth of the animals. In the model, light stimuli captured by photoreceptor cells produce neural activity in the radial nerve neurons. In turn, neural activity in the radial nerves is integrated in the oral nerve ring to produce a profile of neural activity reaching spatially across several ambulacra. This neural activity is readout to produce a model of movement. The model captures previously published data on the behavior of sea urchin Diadema africanum probed with a variety of physical stimuli. The specific pattern of neural connections used in the model makes testable predictions on the properties of single neurons and aggregate neural behavior in Diadema africanum and other echinoderms, offering a potential understanding of the mechanism of visual orientation in these animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Li
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John Kirwan
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Dan-Eric Nilsson
- Lund Vision Group, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giancarlo La Camera
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Dynamics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Losero E, Jagannath S, Pezzoli M, Goblot V, Babashah H, Lashuel HA, Galland C, Quack N. Neuronal growth on high-aspect-ratio diamond nanopillar arrays for biosensing applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5909. [PMID: 37041255 PMCID: PMC10090193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring neuronal activity with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution in living cell cultures is crucial to advance understanding of the development and functioning of our brain, and to gain further insights in the origin of brain disorders. While it has been demonstrated that the quantum sensing capabilities of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond allow real time detection of action potentials from large neurons in marine invertebrates, quantum monitoring of mammalian neurons (presenting much smaller dimensions and thus producing much lower signal and requiring higher spatial resolution) has hitherto remained elusive. In this context, diamond nanostructuring can offer the opportunity to boost the diamond platform sensitivity to the required level. However, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of a nanostructured diamond surface on the neuronal viability and growth was lacking. Here, we pattern a single crystal diamond surface with large-scale nanopillar arrays and we successfully demonstrate growth of a network of living and functional primary mouse hippocampal neurons on it. Our study on geometrical parameters reveals preferential growth along the nanopillar grid axes with excellent physical contact between cell membrane and nanopillar apex. Our results suggest that neuron growth can be tailored on diamond nanopillars to realize a nanophotonic quantum sensing platform for wide-field and label-free neuronal activity recording with sub-cellular resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Losero
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division of Quantum Metrology and Nanotechnologies, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135, Torino, Italy.
- School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Pezzoli
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Goblot
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hossein Babashah
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Galland
- School of Basic Sciences, Institute of Physics, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niels Quack
- School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, EPFL, Rte Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Demir R, Şahar U, Deveci R. Exploring the Candidate Terminal Glycan Profile in Neural Regeneration of the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus, Using Lectin Blotting and Mass Spectrometry. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 242:118-126. [PMID: 35580027 DOI: 10.1086/718776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are expressed as conjugates of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. The huge diversity of glycans on glycoconjugates contributes to many biological processes, from glycan-based molecular recognition to developmental events, such as regeneration in the nervous system. Echinoderms, which have a close phylogenetic relationship with chordates, are an important group of marine invertebrates for body regeneration. Although many major roles of glycans on glycoconjugates are known, their role in the glycosylation profile of the nervous system in sea urchins is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the terminal glycan profile by lectin blotting and to quantify sialic acids by the capillary liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry system in the nervous tissue of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. We determined the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, mannose, and sialic acids (mainly α2,3 linked) by lectin blotting and five types of sialic acids (N-glycolylneuraminic acid, N-acetylneuraminic acid, 9-O-acetyl-N-alycolylneuraminic acid, 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, and di-O-acetylated-N-alycolylneuraminic acid) by capillary liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. This potential first description of the terminal glycan profile in the nervous system of the sea urchin is expected to help us understand its role in nervous system development and regeneration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Canesi L, Miglioli A, Balbi T, Fabbri E. Physiological Roles of Serotonin in Bivalves: Possible Interference by Environmental Chemicals Resulting in Neuroendocrine Disruption. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:792589. [PMID: 35282445 PMCID: PMC8913902 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.792589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Contaminants of Emerging Concerns (CECs) are defined as chemicals not commonly monitored in aquatic ecosystems, but with the potential to cause adverse effects on biota. CECs include Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) and Neuro-Endocrine disruptors (NEDs) of vertebrates. However, most invertebrates only rely on neuroendocrine systems to maintain homeostatic processes. Although conserved neuroendocrine components have been characterized in ecologically relevant groups, limited knowledge on invertebrate neuroendocrinology makes it difficult to define EDCs and NEDs in most species. The monoamine serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) acts both as a neurotransmitter and as a peripheral hormone in mammals. In molluscs, 5-HT is involved in multiple physiological roles and molecular components of the serotonergic system have been identified. This review is focused on the effects of CECs on the serotonergic system of bivalve molluscs. Bivalves are widespread in all aquatic environments, estuarine and coastal areas in particular, where they are exposed to a variety of chemicals. In bivalves, 5-HT is involved in gametogenesis and spawning, oocyte maturation and sperm motility, regulates heart function, gill ciliary beating, mantle/siphon function, the ''catch'' state of smooth muscle and immune responses. Components of 5-HT transduction (receptors and signaling pathways) are being identified in several bivalve species. Different CECs have been shown to affect bivalve serotonergic system. This particularly applies to antidepressants, among the most commonly detected human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. In particular, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are frequently detected in seawater and in bivalve tissues. Information available on the effects and mechanisms of action of SSRIs on the serotonergic system of adult bivalves is summarized. Data are also reported on the effects of CECs on development of neuroendocrine pathways of early larval stages, in particular on the effects of model EDCs in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Overall, available data point at the serotonergic system as a sensitive target for neuroendocrine disruption in bivalves. The results contribute drawing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for model EDCs and SSRIs in larvae and adults. However, basic research on neuroendocrine signaling is still needed to evaluate the potential impact of neuroendocrine disruptors in key invertebrate groups of aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Canesi
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Laura Canesi,
| | - Angelica Miglioli
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Teresa Balbi
- Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Myelination of axons provides the structural basis for rapid saltatory impulse propagation along vertebrate fiber tracts, a well-established neurophysiological concept. However, myelinating oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells serve additional functions in neuronal energy metabolism that are remarkably similar to those of axon-ensheathing glial cells in unmyelinated invertebrates. Here we discuss myelin evolution and physiological glial functions, beginning with the role of ensheathing glia in preventing ephaptic coupling, axoglial metabolic support, and eliminating oxidative radicals. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, axoglial interactions are bidirectional, serving to regulate cell fate, nerve conduction, and behavioral performance. One key step in the evolution of compact myelin in the vertebrate lineage was the emergence of the open reading frame for myelin basic protein within another gene. Several other proteins were neofunctionalized as myelin constituents and help maintain a healthy nervous system. Myelination in vertebrates became a major prerequisite of inhabiting new ecological niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; ,
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany; ,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cellular and molecular profiles of anterior nervous system regeneration in Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 (Annelida, Polychaeta). Heliyon 2021; 7:e06307. [PMID: 33681499 PMCID: PMC7930291 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The polychaete Diopatra claparedii Grube, 1878 is among those organisms successfully carrying out full body regeneration, including the whole nervous system. Thus, D. claparedii potentially can be regarded for the nervous system regeneration (NSR) study. However, data on the property of its nervous system and the NSR profile are still lacking. In this study, we investigated the morphology of D. claparedii anterior nervous system (ANS) and examined the cellular and molecular profiles on its early anterior NSR. The nervous system of D. claparedii consists of a symmetry brain with nerves branching off, circumpharyngeal connectives that connect the brain and nerve cord as well as obvious segmental ganglia. Moreover, we identified changes in the cellular condition of the ganglionic cells in the regenerating tissue, such as the accumulation of lysosomes and lipofuscins, elongated mitochondria and multiple nucleoli. Furthermore, mRNA of tissues at two regenerating stages, as well as intact tissue (non-regenerating), were sequenced with Illumina sequencer. We identified from these tissues 37,248 sequences, 18 differential expressed proteins of which upregulated were involved in NSR with noelin-like isoform X2 turned up to be the highest being expressed. Our results highlight the cellular and molecular changes during early phase of NSR, thus providing essential insights on regeneration within Annelida and understanding the neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bozzo M, Lacalli TC, Obino V, Caicci F, Marcenaro E, Bachetti T, Manni L, Pestarino M, Schubert M, Candiani S. Amphioxus neuroglia: Molecular characterization and evidence for early compartmentalization of the developing nerve cord. Glia 2021; 69:1654-1678. [PMID: 33624886 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells play important roles in the development and homeostasis of metazoan nervous systems. However, while their involvement in the development and function in the central nervous system (CNS) of vertebrates is increasingly well understood, much less is known about invertebrate glia and the evolutionary history of glial cells more generally. An investigation into amphioxus glia is therefore timely, as this organism is the best living proxy for the last common ancestor of all chordates, and hence provides a window into the role of glial cell development and function at the transition of invertebrates and vertebrates. We report here our findings on amphioxus glia as characterized by molecular probes correlated with anatomical data at the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) level. The results show that amphioxus glial lineages express genes typical of vertebrate astroglia and radial glia, and that they segregate early in development, forming what appears to be a spatially separate cell proliferation zone positioned laterally, between the dorsal and ventral zones of neural cell proliferation. Our study provides strong evidence for the presence of vertebrate-type glial cells in amphioxus, while highlighting the role played by segregated progenitor cell pools in CNS development. There are implications also for our understanding of glial cells in a broader evolutionary context, and insights into patterns of precursor cell deployment in the chordate nerve cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bozzo
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Thurston C Lacalli
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Valentina Obino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Pestarino
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael Schubert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hollmann G, da Silva PGC, Linden R, Allodi S. Cell proliferation in the central nervous system of an adult semiterrestrial crab. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:73-85. [PMID: 33599819 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in adults of most organisms, both vertebrates and invertebrates. In semiterrestrial crabs of the infraorder Brachyura, the deutocerebrum, where neurogenesis occurs, processes the olfactory sensory information from the antennae. The deutocerebrum is composed of a pair of olfactory lobes associated with cell clusters 9 and 10 (Cl 9 and Cl 10), containing proliferating cells. Because the location of the neurogenic niche in brachyuran semiterrestrial crabs has not been defined, here we describe a neurogenic niche in the central olfactory system of the crab Ucides cordatus and report two types of glial cells in the deutocerebrum, based on different markers. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) labeling was used to reveal neuroanatomical aspects of the central olfactory system and the neurogenic niche. The results showed a zone of proliferating neural cells within Cl 10, which also contains III beta-tubulin (Tuj1)+ immature neurons, associated with a structure that has characteristics of the neurogenic niche. For the first time, using two glial markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamine synthetase (GS), we identified two types of astrocyte-like cells in different regions of the deutocerebrum. This study adds to the understanding of neurogenesis in a brachyuran semiterrestrial crustacean and encourages comparative studies between crustaceans and vertebrates, including mammals, based on shared aspects of both mechanisms of neurogenesis and regenerative potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hollmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Florianópolis, SC, 88037-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula Grazielle Chaves da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica , Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ , 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica , Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ , 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvana Allodi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Fisiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica , Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ , 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|