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Schoeller F, Jain A, Pizzagalli DA, Reggente N. The neurobiology of aesthetic chills: How bodily sensations shape emotional experiences. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:617-630. [PMID: 38383913 PMCID: PMC11233292 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The phenomenon of aesthetic chills-shivers and goosebumps associated with either rewarding or threatening stimuli-offers a unique window into the brain basis of conscious reward because of their universal nature and simultaneous subjective and physical counterparts. Elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying aesthetic chills can reveal fundamental insights about emotion, consciousness, and the embodied mind. What is the precise timing and mechanism of bodily feedback in emotional experience? How are conscious feelings and motivations generated from interoceptive predictions? What is the role of uncertainty and precision signaling in shaping emotions? How does the brain distinguish and balance processing of rewards versus threats? We review neuroimaging evidence and highlight key questions for understanding how bodily sensations shape conscious feelings. This research stands to advance models of brain-body interactions shaping affect and may lead to novel nonpharmacological interventions for disorders of motivation and pleasure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schoeller
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Abhinandan Jain
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nicco Reggente
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Matthews TE, Lumaca M, Witek MAG, Penhune VB, Vuust P. Music reward sensitivity is associated with greater information transfer capacity within dorsal and motor white matter networks in musicians. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02836-x. [PMID: 39052097 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
There are pronounced differences in the degree to which individuals experience music-induced pleasure which are linked to variations in structural connectivity between auditory and reward areas. However, previous studies exploring the link between white matter structure and music reward sensitivity (MRS) have relied on standard diffusion tensor imaging methods, which present challenges in terms of anatomical accuracy and interpretability. Further, the link between MRS and connectivity in regions outside of auditory-reward networks, as well as the role of musical training, have yet to be investigated. Therefore, we investigated the relation between MRS and structural connectivity in a large number of directly segmented and anatomically verified white matter tracts in musicians (n = 24) and non-musicians (n = 23) using state-of-the-art tract reconstruction and fixel-based analysis. Using a manual tract-of-interest approach, we additionally tested MRS-white matter associations in auditory-reward networks seen in previous studies. Within the musician group, there was a significant positive relation between MRS and fiber density and cross section in the right middle longitudinal fascicle connecting auditory and inferior parietal cortices. There were also positive relations between MRS and fiber-bundle cross-section in tracts connecting the left thalamus to the ventral precentral gyrus and connecting the right thalamus to the right supplementary motor area, however, these did not survive FDR correction. These results suggest that, within musicians, dorsal auditory and motor networks are crucial to MRS, possibly via their roles in top-down predictive processing and auditory-motor transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas E Matthews
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 1A, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - Massimo Lumaca
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 1A, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Maria A G Witek
- Department of Music School of Languages, Art History and Music, University of Birmingham, Cultures, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Virginia B Penhune
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Peter Vuust
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Building 1A, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
- Royal Academy of Music, Skovgaardsgade 2C, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
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Renoud-Grappin R, Pazart L, Giustiniani J, Gabriel D. State of the art and future directions for measuring event-related potentials during cycling exercise: a systematic review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17448. [PMID: 38948229 PMCID: PMC11214428 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intro Electroencephalography (EEG) is a technique for measuring brain activity that is widely used in neuroscience research. Event-related potentials (ERPs) in the EEG make it possible to study sensory and cognitive processes in the brain. Previous reports have shown that aerobic exercise can have an impact on components of ERPs such as amplitude and latency. However, they focused on the measurement of ERPs after exercise. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the feasibility of measuring ERPs during cycling, and to assess the impact of cycling on ERPs during cycling. Methods We followed the PRISMA guidelines for new systematic reviews. To be eligible, studies had to include healthy adults and measure ERPs during cycling. All articles were found using Google Scholar and by searching references. Data extracted from the studies included: objectives of ERP studies, ERP paradigm, EEG system, study population data, exercise characteristics (duration, intensity, pedaling cadence), and ERP and behavioral outcomes. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess study bias. Results Twenty studies were selected. The effect of cycling on ERPs was mainly based on a comparison of P3 wave amplitude between cycling and resting states, using an attentional task. The ERP paradigm most often used was the auditory oddball task. Exercise characteristics and study methods varied considerably. Discussion It is possible to measure ERPs during cycling under conditions that are likely to introduce more artifacts, including a 3-h athletic exercise session and cycling outdoors. Secondly, no assessment of the effect of cycling on ERPs was possible, because the methods differed too widely between studies. In addition, the theories proposed to explain the results sometimes seemed to contradict each other. Although most studies reported significant results, the direction of the effects was inconsistent. Finally, we suggest some areas for improvement for future studies on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lionel Pazart
- UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Inserm CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Julie Giustiniani
- UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Inserm CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
- Service d’addictologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- UMR INSERM 1322 LINC, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Inserm CIC 1431, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
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Kaneshiro B, Nguyen DT, Norcia AM, Dmochowski JP, Berger J. Inter-subject correlation of electroencephalographic and behavioural responses reflects time-varying engagement with natural music. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:3162-3183. [PMID: 38626924 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Musical engagement can be conceptualized through various activities, modes of listening and listener states. Recent research has reported that a state of focused engagement can be indexed by the inter-subject correlation (ISC) of audience responses to a shared naturalistic stimulus. While statistically significant ISC has been reported during music listening, we lack insight into the temporal dynamics of engagement over the course of musical works-such as those composed in the Western classical style-which involve the formulation of expectations that are realized or derailed at subsequent points of arrival. Here, we use the ISC of electroencephalographic (EEG) and continuous behavioural (CB) responses to investigate the time-varying dynamics of engagement with functional tonal music. From a sample of adult musicians who listened to a complete cello concerto movement, we found that ISC varied throughout the excerpt for both measures. In particular, significant EEG ISC was observed during periods of musical tension that built to climactic highpoints, while significant CB ISC corresponded more to declarative entrances and points of arrival. Moreover, we found that a control stimulus retaining envelope characteristics of the intact music, but little other temporal structure, also elicited significantly correlated EEG and CB responses, though to lesser extents than the original version. In sum, these findings shed light on the temporal dynamics of engagement during music listening and clarify specific aspects of musical engagement that may be indexed by each measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Kaneshiro
- Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Duc T Nguyen
- Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anthony M Norcia
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jacek P Dmochowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan Berger
- Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Schoeller F, Christov-Moore L, Lynch C, Diot T, Reggente N. Predicting individual differences in peak emotional response. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae066. [PMID: 38444601 PMCID: PMC10914375 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Why does the same experience elicit strong emotional responses in some individuals while leaving others largely indifferent? Is the variance influenced by who people are (personality traits), how they feel (emotional state), where they come from (demographics), or a unique combination of these? In this 2,900+ participants study, we disentangle the factors that underlie individual variations in the universal experience of aesthetic chills, the feeling of cold and shivers down the spine during peak experiences. Here, we unravel the interplay of psychological and sociocultural dynamics influencing self-reported chills reactions. A novel technique harnessing mass data mining of social media platforms curates the first large database of ecologically sourced chills-evoking stimuli. A combination of machine learning techniques (LASSO and SVM) and multilevel modeling analysis elucidates the interacting roles of demographics, traits, and states factors in the experience of aesthetic chills. These findings highlight a tractable set of features predicting the occurrence and intensity of chills-age, sex, pre-exposure arousal, predisposition to Kama Muta (KAMF), and absorption (modified tellegen absorption scale [MODTAS]), with 73.5% accuracy in predicting the occurrence of chills and accounting for 48% of the variance in chills intensity. While traditional methods typically suffer from a lack of control over the stimuli and their effects, this approach allows for the assignment of stimuli tailored to individual biopsychosocial profiles, thereby, increasing experimental control and decreasing unexplained variability. Further, they elucidate how hidden sociocultural factors, psychological traits, and contextual states shape seemingly "subjective" phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schoeller
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Caitlin Lynch
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
| | - Thomas Diot
- Department of Psychiatry, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Paris 75010, France
| | - Nicco Reggente
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA 90403, USA
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Schoeller F, Jain A, Adrien V, Maes P, Reggente N. Aesthetic chills mitigate maladaptive cognition in depression. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38200491 PMCID: PMC10782525 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major global health challenge, affecting over 300 million people worldwide. Current pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions have limited efficacy, underscoring the need for novel approaches. Emerging evidence suggests that peak emotional experiences characterized by awe, transcendence, and meaning hold promise for rapidly shifting maladaptive cognitive patterns in depression. Aesthetic chills, a peak positive emotion characterized by physical sensations such as shivers and goosebumps, may influence reward-related neural pathways and hold promise for modifying core maladaptive beliefs rooted in early adverse experiences. METHODS We enrolled 96 patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. A validated database of multimedia known to elicit chills responses (ChillsDB) was used for stimulus presentation. Participants' emotional responses were assessed using the Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI), while shifts in self-schema were measured via the Young Positive Schema Questionnaire (YSPQ). RESULTS The study found that chill-inducing stimuli have the potential to positively influence the core schema of individuals with depression, impacting areas of self-related beliefs. The associated phenomenology triggered by chills appears to share similarities with the altered states of consciousness induced by psychedelic substances like psilocybin. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that the biological processes involved in aesthetic chills could be harnessed as a non-pharmacological intervention for depression. However, further investigation is necessary to comprehensively understand the neurophysiological responses to chills and to evaluate the practicality, effectiveness, and safety of utilizing aesthetic chills as a preventive measure in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schoeller
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | | | - Vladimir Adrien
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, F-93000, France
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR-S 1266, Team Membrane Traffic in Healthy & Diseased Brain, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Pattie Maes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicco Reggente
- Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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Czepiel A, Fink LK, Seibert C, Scharinger M, Kotz SA. Aesthetic and physiological effects of naturalistic multimodal music listening. Cognition 2023; 239:105537. [PMID: 37487303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Compared to audio only (AO) conditions, audiovisual (AV) information can enhance the aesthetic experience of a music performance. However, such beneficial multimodal effects have yet to be studied in naturalistic music performance settings. Further, peripheral physiological correlates of aesthetic experiences are not well-understood. Here, participants were invited to a concert hall for piano performances of Bach, Messiaen, and Beethoven, which were presented in two conditions: AV and AO. They rated their aesthetic experience (AE) after each piece (Experiment 1 and 2), while peripheral signals (cardiorespiratory measures, skin conductance, and facial muscle activity) were continuously measured (Experiment 2). Factor scores of AE were significantly higher in the AV condition in both experiments. LF/HF ratio, a heart rhythm that represents activation of the sympathetic nervous system, was higher in the AO condition, suggesting increased arousal, likely caused by less predictable sound onsets in the AO condition. We present partial evidence that breathing was faster and facial muscle activity was higher in the AV condition, suggesting that observing a performer's movements likely enhances motor mimicry in these more voluntary peripheral measures. Further, zygomaticus ('smiling') muscle activity was a significant predictor of AE. Thus, we suggest physiological measures are related to AE, but at different levels: the more involuntary measures (i.e., heart rhythms) may reflect more sensory aspects, while the more voluntary measures (i.e., muscular control of breathing and facial responses) may reflect the liking aspect of an AE. In summary, we replicate and extend previous findings that AV information enhances AE in a naturalistic music performance setting. We further show that a combination of self-report and peripheral measures benefit a meaningful assessment of AE in naturalistic music performance settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czepiel
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Lauren K Fink
- Department of Music, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max Planck-NYU Center for Language, Music, and Emotion, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Seibert
- Institute for Music Informatics and Musicology, University of Music Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mathias Scharinger
- Research Group Phonetics, Department of German Linguistics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja A Kotz
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Cruyt E, De Vriendt P, De Geyter N, Van Leirsberghe J, Santens P, De Baets S, De Letter M, Vlerick P, Calders P, De Pauw R, Oostra K, Van de Velde D. The underpinning of meaningful activities by brain correlates: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1136754. [PMID: 37179882 PMCID: PMC10169732 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1136754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Engaging in meaningful activities contributes to health and wellbeing. Research identifies meaningfulness by analysing retrospective and subjective data such as personal experiences in activities. Objectively measuring meaningful activities by registering the brain (fNIRS, EEG, PET, fMRI) remains poorly investigated. Methods A systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Findings Thirty-one studies investigating the correlations between daily activities in adults, their degree of meaningfulness for the participant, and the brain areas involved, were identified. The activities could be classified according to the degree of meaningfulness, using the attributes of meaningfulness described in the literature. Eleven study activities contained all attributes, which means that these can be assumed to be meaningful for the participant. Brain areas involved in these activities were generally related to emotional and affective processing, motivation, and reward. Conclusion Although it is demonstrated that neural correlates of meaningful activities can be measured objectively by neurophysiological registration techniques, "meaning" as such has not yet been investigated explicitly. Further neurophysiological research for objective monitoring of meaningful activities is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cruyt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patricia De Vriendt
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Mental Health Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele De Geyter
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janne Van Leirsberghe
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Baets
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miet De Letter
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vlerick
- Department of Work, Organization and Society, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Calders
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robby De Pauw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kristine Oostra
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominique Van de Velde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Research Group, Physiotherapy and Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Chabin T, Gabriel D, Comte A, Pazart L. Audience Interbrain Synchrony During Live Music Is Shaped by Both the Number of People Sharing Pleasure and the Strength of This Pleasure. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:855778. [PMID: 35601903 PMCID: PMC9121372 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.855778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of interbrain coupling in a group of people attending a concert together is a favorable framework to estimate group emotions and more precisely emotional connection between people sharing situations in the same environment. It offers the advantage of studying interactions at the group level. By recording the cerebral activity of people from an audience during a concert using electroencephalography, we previously demonstrated that the higher the emotions and the physically closer the people were, the more the interbrain synchrony (IBS) was enhanced. To further investigate the parameters that shaped inter-brain synchronization in this context, we now focus on the emotional dynamics of the group as a whole by identifying specific moments in the concert that evoked strong or weak emotions, as well as strong or weak emotional cohesion between individuals. We demonstrated that audience interbrain synchrony is mainly associated with experiencing high musical pleasure and that the group emotional cohesion can enhance IBS, but alone is not the major parameter that shapes it in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chabin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- *Correspondence: Thibault Chabin
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Comte
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Pazart
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Chabin T, Pazart L, Gabriel D. Vocal melody and musical background are simultaneously processed by the brain for musical predictions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1512:126-140. [PMID: 35229293 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Musical pleasure is related to the capacity to predict and anticipate the music. By recording early cerebral responses of 16 participants with electroencephalography during periods of silence inserted in known and unknown songs, we aimed to measure the contribution of different musical attributes to musical predictions. We investigated the mismatch between past encoded musical features and the current sensory inputs when listening to lyrics associated with vocal melody, only background instrumental material, or both attributes grouped together. When participants were listening to chords and lyrics for known songs, the brain responses related to musical violation produced event-related potential responses around 150-200 ms that were of a larger amplitude than for chords or lyrics only. Microstate analysis also revealed that for chords and lyrics, the global field power had an increased stability and a longer duration. The source localization identified that the right superior temporal and frontal gyri and the inferior and medial frontal gyri were activated for a longer time for chords and lyrics, likely caused by the increased complexity of the stimuli. We conclude that grouped together, a broader integration and retrieval of several musical attributes at the same time recruit larger neuronal networks that lead to more accurate predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chabin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Pazart
- Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Engel A, Hoefle S, Monteiro MC, Moll J, Keller PE. Neural Correlates of Listening to Varying Synchrony Between Beats in Samba Percussion and Relations to Feeling the Groove. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:779964. [PMID: 35281511 PMCID: PMC8915847 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.779964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Listening to samba percussion often elicits feelings of pleasure and the desire to move with the beat-an experience sometimes referred to as "feeling the groove"- as well as social connectedness. Here we investigated the effects of performance timing in a Brazilian samba percussion ensemble on listeners' experienced pleasantness and the desire to move/dance in a behavioral experiment, as well as on neural processing as assessed via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Participants listened to different excerpts of samba percussion produced by multiple instruments that either were "in sync", with no additional asynchrony between instrumental parts other than what is usual in naturalistic recordings, or were presented "out of sync" by delaying the snare drums (by 28, 55, or 83 ms). Results of the behavioral experiment showed increasing pleasantness and desire to move/dance with increasing synchrony between instruments. Analysis of hemodynamic responses revealed stronger bilateral brain activity in the supplementary motor area, the left premotor area, and the left middle frontal gyrus with increasing synchrony between instruments. Listening to "in sync" percussion thus strengthens audio-motor interactions by recruiting motor-related brain areas involved in rhythm processing and beat perception to a higher degree. Such motor related activity may form the basis for "feeling the groove" and the associated desire to move to music. Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis we found that participants who reported stronger emotional responses to samba percussion in everyday life showed higher activity in the subgenual cingulate cortex, an area involved in prosocial emotions, social group identification and social bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerose Engel
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoefle
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marina Carneiro Monteiro
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D’Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter E. Keller
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Peng-Li D, Alves Da Mota P, Correa CMC, Chan RCK, Byrne DV, Wang QJ. “Sound” Decisions: The Combined Role of Ambient Noise and Cognitive Regulation on the Neurophysiology of Food Cravings. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:827021. [PMID: 35250463 PMCID: PMC8888436 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.827021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to evaluate long-term goals over immediate rewards is manifested in the brain’s decision circuit. Simplistically, it can be divided into a fast, impulsive, reward “system 1” and a slow, deliberate, control “system 2.” In a noisy eating environment, our cognitive resources may get depleted, potentially leading to cognitive overload, emotional arousal, and consequently more rash decisions, such as unhealthy food choices. Here, we investigated the combined impact of cognitive regulation and ambient noise on food cravings through neurophysiological activity. Thirty-seven participants were recruited for an adapted version of the Regulation of Craving (ROC) task. All participants underwent two sessions of the ROC task; once with soft ambient restaurant noise (∼50 dB) and once with loud ambient restaurant noise (∼70 dB), while data from electroencephalography (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and self-reported craving were collected for all palatable food images presented in the task. The results indicated that thinking about future (“later”) consequences vs. immediate (“now”) sensations associated with the food decreased cravings, which were mediated by frontal EEG alpha power. Likewise, “later” trials also increased frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) —an index for emotional motivation. Furthermore, loud (vs. soft) noise increased alpha, beta, and theta activity, but for theta activity, this was solely occurring during “later” trials. Similarly, EDA signal peak probability was also higher during loud noise. Collectively, our findings suggest that the presence of loud ambient noise in conjunction with prospective thinking can lead to the highest emotional arousal and cognitive load as measured by EDA and EEG, respectively, both of which are important in regulating cravings and decisions. Thus, exploring the combined effects of interoceptive regulation and exteroceptive cues on food-related decision-making could be methodologically advantageous in consumer neuroscience and entail theoretical, commercial, and managerial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Peng-Li
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Danni Peng-Li,
| | - Patricia Alves Da Mota
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Music in the Brain, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Camile Maria Costa Correa
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Derek Victor Byrne
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Janice Wang
- Food Quality Perception and Society Team, iSENSE Lab, Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Chabin T, Gabriel D, Comte A, Haffen E, Moulin T, Pazart L. Interbrain emotional connection during music performances is driven by physical proximity and individual traits. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1508:178-195. [PMID: 34750828 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
How musical emotions and the pleasure derived from music, regardless of the musical valence, can be shared between individuals is a fascinating question, and investigating it can shed light on the function of musical reward. We carried out our investigations in a natural setting during an international competition for orchestra conductors. Participants (n = 15) used a dedicated smartphone app to report their subjective emotional experiences in real time while we recorded their cerebral activity using electroencephalography and their electrodermal activity. The overall behavioral real-time behavioral ratings suggest a possible social influence on the reported and felt pleasure. The physically closer the participants, the more similar their reported pleasure. By calculating the interindividual cerebral coherence (n = 21 pairs), we showed that when people simultaneously reported either high or low pleasure, their cerebral activities were closer than for simultaneous neutral pleasure reports. Participants' skin conductance levels were also more coupled when reporting higher emotional degrees simultaneously. More importantly, the participants who were physically closer had higher cerebral coherence, but only when they simultaneously reported a high level of pleasure. We propose that emotional contagion and/or emotional resonance mechanisms could explain why a form of "emotional connecting force" arises between people during shared appraisal situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Chabin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France.,Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Damien Gabriel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France.,Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Alexandre Comte
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France.,Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France.,Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Thierry Moulin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France.,Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Lionel Pazart
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Centre d'Investigation Clinique INSERM CIC 1431, Besançon, France.,Plateforme de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle et Neurostimulation Neuraxess, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Laboratoire de Recherches Intégratives en Neurosciences et Psychologie Cognitive, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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14
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Musical components important for the Mozart K448 effect in epilepsy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16490. [PMID: 34531410 PMCID: PMC8446029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for the efficacy of music, specifically Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major (K448), at reducing ictal and interictal epileptiform activity. Nonetheless, little is known about the mechanism underlying this beneficial “Mozart K448 effect” for persons with epilepsy. Here, we measured the influence that K448 had on intracranial interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in sixteen subjects undergoing intracranial monitoring for refractory focal epilepsy. We found reduced IEDs during the original version of K448 after at least 30-s of exposure. Nonsignificant IED rate reductions were witnessed in all brain regions apart from the bilateral frontal cortices, where we observed increased frontal theta power during transitions from prolonged musical segments. All other presented musical stimuli were associated with nonsignificant IED alterations. These results suggest that the “Mozart K448 effect” is dependent on the duration of exposure and may preferentially modulate activity in frontal emotional networks, providing insight into the mechanism underlying this response. Our findings encourage the continued evaluation of Mozart’s K448 as a noninvasive, non-pharmacological intervention for refractory epilepsy.
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15
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Tervaniemi M, Makkonen T, Nie P. Psychological and Physiological Signatures of Music Listening in Different Listening Environments-An Exploratory Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050593. [PMID: 34063693 PMCID: PMC8147775 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared music emotion ratings and their physiological correlates when the participants listened to music at home and in the laboratory. We hypothesized that music emotions are stronger in a familiar environment, that is, at home. Participants listened to their self-selected favorite and neutral music excerpts at home and in the laboratory for 10 min in each environment. They completed the questionnaires about their emotional states and gave saliva samples for the analyses of the stress hormone cortisol. We found that in the context of music listening, the participants’ emotion ratings differed between home and the laboratory. Furthermore, the cortisol levels were generally lower at home than in the laboratory and decreased after music listening at home and in the laboratory. However, the modulatory effects of music listening on cortisol levels did not differ between the home and the laboratory. Our exploratory multimethodological data offer novel insight about the psychological and physiological consequences of music listening. These data reveal the sensitivity of the current research methods to investigate human emotions in various contexts without excluding the use of laboratory environment in investigating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tervaniemi
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tommi Makkonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Peixin Nie
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
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Are the new mobile wireless EEG headsets reliable for the evaluation of musical pleasure? PLoS One 2021; 15:e0244820. [PMID: 33382801 PMCID: PMC7775075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 20th century, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used in a wide variety of applications, both for medical needs and for the study of various cerebral processes. With the rapid development of the technique, more and more precise and advanced tools have emerged for research purposes. However, the main constraints of these devices have often been the high price and, for some devices the low transportability and the long set-up time. Nevertheless, a broad range of wireless EEG devices have emerged on the market without these constraints, but with a lower signal quality. The development of EEG recording on multiple participants simultaneously, and new technological solutions provides further possibilities to understand the cerebral emotional dynamics of a group. A great number of studies have compared and tested many mobile devices, but have provided contradictory results. It is therefore important to test the reliability of specific wireless devices in a specific research context before developing a large-scale study. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of two wireless devices (g.tech Nautilus SAHARA electrodes and Emotiv™ Epoc +) for the detection of musical emotions, in comparison with a gold standard EEG device. Sixteen participants reported feeling emotional pleasure (from low pleasure up to musical chills) when listening to their favorite chill-inducing musical excerpts. In terms of emotion detection, our results show statistically significant concordance between Epoc + and the gold standard device in the left prefrontal and left temporal areas in the alpha frequency band. We validated the use of the Emotiv™ Epoc + for research into musical emotion. We did not find any significant concordance between g.tech and the gold standard. This suggests that Emotiv Epoc is more appropriate for musical emotion investigations in natural settings.
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