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Pietsch C, Konrad J, Wernicke von Siebenthal E, Pawlak P. Multiple faces of stress in the zebrafish ( Danio rerio) brain. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1373234. [PMID: 38711953 PMCID: PMC11070943 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1373234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The changing expressions of certain genes as a consequence of exposure to stressors has not been studied in detail in the fish brain. Therefore, a stress trial with zebrafish was conducted, aiming at identifying relevant gene regulation pathways in different regions of the brain. As acute stressors within this trial, feed rewarding, feed restriction, and air exposure have been used. The gene expression data from the experimental fish brains have been analyzed by means of principal component analyses (PCAs), whereby the individual genes have been compiled according to the regulation pathways in the brain. The results did not indicate a mutual response across the treatment and gender groups. To evaluate whether a similar sample structure belonging to a large sample size would have allowed the classification of the gene expression patterns according to the treatments, the data have been bootstrapped and used for building random forest models. These revealed a high accuracy of the classifications, but different genes in the female and male zebrafish were found to have contributed to the classification algorithms the most. These analyses showed that less than eight genes are, in most cases, sufficient for an accurate classification. Moreover, mainly genes belonging to the stress axis, to the isotocin regulation pathways, or to the serotonergic pathways had the strongest influence on the outcome of the classification models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Pietsch
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), University of Applied Sciences Bern (BFH), Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Konrad
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), University of Applied Sciences Bern (BFH), Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Elena Wernicke von Siebenthal
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), University of Applied Sciences Bern (BFH), Zollikofen, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Pawlak
- School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (HAFL), University of Applied Sciences Bern (BFH), Zollikofen, Switzerland
- Division of Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Decloquement M, Venuto MT, Cogez V, Steinmetz A, Schulz C, Lion C, Noel M, Rigolot V, Teppa RE, Biot C, Rebl A, Galuska SP, Harduin-Lepers A. Salmonid polysialyltransferases to generate a variety of sialic acid polymers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15610. [PMID: 37730806 PMCID: PMC10511417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human polysialyltransferases ST8Sia II and ST8Sia IV catalyze the transfer of several Neu5Ac residues onto glycoproteins forming homopolymers with essential roles during different physiological processes. In salmonids, heterogeneous set of sialic acids polymers have been described in ovary and on eggs cell surface and three genes st8sia4, st8sia2-r1 and st8sia2-r2 were identified that could be implicated in these heteropolymers. The three polysialyltransferases from the salmonid Coregonus maraena were cloned, recombinantly expressed in HEK293 cells and the ST8Sia IV was biochemically characterized. The MicroPlate Sialyltransferase Assay and the non-natural donor substrate CMP-SiaNAl were used to demonstrate enzyme activity and optimize polysialylation reactions. Polysialylation was also carried out with natural donor substrates CMP-Neu5Ac, CMP-Neu5Gc and CMP-Kdn in cell-free and cell-based assays and structural analyses of polysialylated products using the anti-polySia monoclonal antibody 735 and endoneuraminidase N and HPLC approaches. Our data highlighted distinct specificities of human and salmonid polysialyltransferases with notable differences in donor substrates use and the capacity of fish enzymes to generate heteropolymers. This study further suggested an evolution of the biological functions of polySia. C. maraena ST8Sia IV of particular interest to modify glycoproteins with a variety of polySia chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Decloquement
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Marzia Tindara Venuto
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Virginie Cogez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Anna Steinmetz
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Céline Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Cédric Lion
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Maxence Noel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Rigolot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Roxana Elin Teppa
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Biot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology FBN, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Peter Galuska
- Institute of Reproductive Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000, Lille, France.
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, Faculté des sciences et Technologies, Univ. Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Martorell-Ribera J, Koczan D, Tindara Venuto M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Experimental Handling Challenges Result in Minor Changes in the Phagocytic Capacity and Transcriptome of Head-Kidney Cells of the Salmonid Fish Coregonus maraena. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889635. [PMID: 35591870 PMCID: PMC9111177 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture management involves regular handling procedures, but these can evoke stress responses in farmed fish. We compiled an extensive list of published parameters that indicate the most likely handling-induced physiological deviations from the norm. However, since these parameters are based almost exclusively on studies of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, we conducted a handling-challenge experiment with maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena). This salmonid fish was sampled at either 3 or 24 h after a single 1-min handling or after 10 days of daily repeated 1-min handling. The cortisol levels were strongly elevated in some individuals at 3 h after the single handling challenge, but these elevations were not significantly different between the challenged and control cohorts. The phagocytic capacity of myeloid head-kidney cells stimulated with fluorophore-labeled, inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida was significantly decreased in maraena whitefish at 3 h after the handling challenge compared to control fish. Microarray analysis of head-kidney samples from the challenged and control fish revealed 12 differentially expressed genes at 3 h and 70 at 24 h after the single handling episode, but only 5 differentially expressed genes after 10 days of repeated daily handling. The identified genes were assigned to numerous stress- and immune-relevant functional pathways, including "glucocorticoid receptor signaling" (3 h post-challenge), "HIF1A signaling" (24 h post-challenge), or "complement system" (10 days of repeated challenge). Our data reveal the tight interconnection of immune and stress pathways in the head kidney of maraena whitefish and corroborate several parameters previously found regulated in other tissues of handling-stressed rainbow trout. These findings indicate that handling may compromise the health and welfare of maraena whitefish in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell-Ribera
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona – UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Viergutz
- Service Group Cytometry, Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M. Brunner
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Molecular Biology and Fish Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
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