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Gaire BP, Koronyo Y, Fuchs DT, Shi H, Rentsendorj A, Danziger R, Vit JP, Mirzaei N, Doustar J, Sheyn J, Hampel H, Vergallo A, Davis MR, Jallow O, Baldacci F, Verdooner SR, Barron E, Mirzaei M, Gupta VK, Graham SL, Tayebi M, Carare RO, Sadun AA, Miller CA, Dumitrascu OM, Lahiri S, Gao L, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology in the Retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101273. [PMID: 38759947 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The retina is an emerging CNS target for potential noninvasive diagnosis and tracking of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies have identified the pathological hallmarks of AD, including amyloid β-protein (Aβ) deposits and abnormal tau protein isoforms, in the retinas of AD patients and animal models. Moreover, structural and functional vascular abnormalities such as reduced blood flow, vascular Aβ deposition, and blood-retinal barrier damage, along with inflammation and neurodegeneration, have been described in retinas of patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD dementia. Histological, biochemical, and clinical studies have demonstrated that the nature and severity of AD pathologies in the retina and brain correspond. Proteomics analysis revealed a similar pattern of dysregulated proteins and biological pathways in the retina and brain of AD patients, with enhanced inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, impaired oxidative-phosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, investigational imaging technologies can now detect AD-specific amyloid deposits, as well as vasculopathy and neurodegeneration in the retina of living AD patients, suggesting alterations at different disease stages and links to brain pathology. Current and exploratory ophthalmic imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-angiography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, and hyperspectral imaging, may offer promise in the clinical assessment of AD. However, further research is needed to deepen our understanding of AD's impact on the retina and its progression. To advance this field, future studies require replication in larger and diverse cohorts with confirmed AD biomarkers and standardized retinal imaging techniques. This will validate potential retinal biomarkers for AD, aiding in early screening and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haoshen Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ron Danziger
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Vit
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nazanin Mirzaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonah Doustar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia Sheyn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Miyah R Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ousman Jallow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ernesto Barron
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Department of Clinical Neuroanatomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Alfredo A Sadun
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology Program in Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Shouri Lahiri
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Sanchez-Rodriguez LM, Khan AF, Adewale Q, Bezgin G, Therriault J, Fernandez-Arias J, Servaes S, Rahmouni N, Tissot C, Stevenson J, Jiang H, Chai X, Carbonell F, Rosa-Neto P, Iturria-Medina Y. In-vivo neuronal dysfunction by Aβ and tau overlaps with brain-wide inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1383163. [PMID: 38966801 PMCID: PMC11223503 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1383163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain uncharacterized. Here, we identify genes, molecular pathways and cellular components associated with whole-brain dysregulation caused by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposits in the living human brain. We obtained in-vivo resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), Aβ- and tau-PET for 47 cognitively unimpaired and 16 AD participants from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia cohort. Adverse neuronal activity impacts by Aβ and tau were quantified with personalized dynamical models by fitting pathology-mediated computational signals to the participant's real rs-fMRIs. Then, we detected robust brain-wide associations between the spatial profiles of Aβ-tau impacts and gene expression in the neurotypical transcriptome (Allen Human Brain Atlas). Within the obtained distinctive signature of in-vivo neuronal dysfunction, several genes have prominent roles in microglial activation and in interactions with Aβ and tau. Moreover, cellular vulnerability estimations revealed strong association of microglial expression patterns with Aβ and tau's synergistic impact on neuronal activity (q < 0.001). These results further support the central role of the immune system and neuroinflammatory pathways in AD pathogenesis. Neuronal dysregulation by AD pathologies also associated with neurotypical synaptic and developmental processes. In addition, we identified drug candidates from the vast LINCS library to halt or reduce the observed Aβ-tau effects on neuronal activity. Top-ranked pharmacological interventions target inflammatory, cancer and cardiovascular pathways, including specific medications undergoing clinical evaluation in AD. Our findings, based on the examination of molecular-pathological-functional interactions in humans, may accelerate the process of bringing effective therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaro M. Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmed F. Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Quadri Adewale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jaime Fernandez-Arias
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hongxiu Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoqian Chai
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Tapella L, Dematteis G, La Vitola P, Leva S, Tonelli E, Raddi M, Delconti M, Dacomo L, La Macchia A, Murari E, Talmon M, Malecka J, Chrostek G, Grilli M, Colombo L, Salmona M, Forloni G, Genazzani AA, Balducci C, Lim D. Genetic deletion of astrocytic calcineurin B1 prevents cognitive impairment and neuropathology development in acute and chronic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2024; 72:899-915. [PMID: 38288580 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents an urgent yet unmet challenge for modern society, calling for exploration of innovative targets and therapeutic approaches. Astrocytes, main homeostatic cells in the CNS, represent promising cell-target. Our aim was to investigate if deletion of the regulatory CaNB1 subunit of calcineurin in astrocytes could mitigate AD-related memory deficits, neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. We have generated two, acute and chronic, AD mouse models with astrocytic CaNB1 ablation (ACN-KO). In the former, we evaluated the ability of β-amyloid oligomers (AβOs) to impair memory and activate glial cells once injected in the cerebral ventricle of conditional ACN-KO mice. Next, we generated a tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-specific CaNB1 knock-out in 3xTg-AD mice (indACNKO-AD). CaNB1 was deleted, by tamoxifen injection, in 11.7-month-old 3xTg-AD mice for 4.4 months. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze; β-amyloid plaques burden, neurofibrillary tangle deposition, reactive gliosis, and neuroinflammation were also assessed. The acute model showed that ICV injected AβOs in 2-month-old wild type mice impaired recognition memory and fostered a pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype, whereas in ACN-KO mice, AβOs were inactive. In indACNKO-AD mice, 4.4 months after CaNB1 depletion, we found preservation of spatial memory and cognitive flexibility, abolishment of amyloidosis, and reduction of neurofibrillary tangles, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. Our results suggest that ACN is crucial for the development of cognitive impairment, AD neuropathology, and neuroinflammation. Astrocyte-specific CaNB1 deletion is beneficial for both the abolishment of AβO-mediated detrimental effects and treatment of ongoing AD-related pathology, hence representing an intriguing target for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giulia Dematteis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Pietro La Vitola
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Leva
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Tonelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marco Raddi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marta Delconti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Dacomo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto La Macchia
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Murari
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Talmon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Justyna Malecka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriela Chrostek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Dmitry Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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Huang Z, Gong Z, Lin Y, Yang F, Chen W, Xiang S, Huang Y, Xiao H, Xu S, Duan J. Treatment with glatiramer acetate in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease prior to amyloid-beta deposition delays the disease's pathological development and ameliorates cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1267780. [PMID: 38352237 PMCID: PMC10861656 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1267780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, which is frequently accompanied by immune system dysfunction. Although the mechanism of neurodegenerative lesions is unclear, various clinical trials have highlighted that early intervention in AD is crucial to the success of treatment. In order to explore the potential of immunotherapy in the early period of AD, the present study evaluated whether application of glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulatory agent approved for remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS), in the early stages of AD prior to amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition altered the Aβ pathology and cognitive impairments in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. Methods We treated two cohorts of pre-depositing and amyloid-depositing (2- and 6-month-old) APP/PS1 mice with weekly-GA subcutaneous injection over a 12-week period. We then tested spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze (MWM) and the Y maze. Immunohistochemistry staining was utilized to analyze Aβ burden in the brain as well as activated microglia. Furthermore, the inflammatory cytokine milieu within brains was estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen were measured by flow cytometry. Results We found that early GA administration reduced Aβ burden and ameliorated cognitive decline. Meanwhile, the immune microenvironment had changed in the brain, with an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in microglial activation. Interestingly, early GA administration also modulated the peripheral immune system through the amplification of Tregs in the spleen. Conclusion Overall, our findings revealed that GA treatment might enhance the central and peripheral immune systems' protective capabilities in the early stages of AD, eventually improving cognitive deficits. Our research supports the advantages of immunomodulatory treatments for AD at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyong Huang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Yongtai Lin
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaotong Xiang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuedong Huang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhai Duan
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Karaahmet B, Olschowka JA, O'Banion MK. Inconsistent Effects of Glatiramer Acetate Treatment in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1809. [PMID: 37513996 PMCID: PMC10383120 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that involves strong inflammatory components. Aberrant and prolonged inflammation in the CNS is thought to contribute to the development of the pathology. The use of single cytokine approaches to curb or leverage inflammatory mechanisms for disease modifying benefit has often resulted in conflicting data. Furthermore, these treatments were usually delivered locally into the CNS parenchyma, complicating translational efforts. To overcome these hurdles, we tested the use of glatiramer acetate (GA) in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque pathology in the 5xFAD model of AD. GA immunizations were begun at the ages of 2.5 months, 5.5 months, and 8.5 months, and GA was delivered weekly for 8 weeks. While previous data describe potential benefits of GA immunization in decreasing Aβ levels in murine models of AD, we found modest decreases in Aβ levels if given during the development of pathology but, surprisingly, found increased Aβ levels if GA was administered at later stages. The impact of GA treatment was only significant for female mice. Furthermore, we observed no changes between microglial uptake of plaque, CD11c immunopositivity of microglia, or levels of TMEM119 and P2Ry12 on microglia. Overall, these data warrant exercising caution when aiming to repurpose GA for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Karaahmet
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Li YY, Yu KY, Cui YJ, Wang ZJ, Cai HY, Cao JM, Wu MN. Orexin-A aggravates cognitive deficits in 3xTg-AD mice by exacerbating synaptic plasticity impairment and affecting amyloid β metabolism. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 124:71-84. [PMID: 36758468 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is the main clinical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Orexin has recently been linked to AD pathogenesis, and exogenous orexin-A (OXA) aggravates spatial memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice. However, the effects of OXA on other types of cognitive deficits, especially in 3xTg-AD mice exhibiting both plaque and tangle pathologies, have not been reported. Furthermore, the potential electrophysiological mechanism by which OXA affects cognitive deficits and the molecular mechanism by which OXA increases amyloid β (Aβ) levels are unknown. In the present study, the effects of OXA on cognitive functions, synaptic plasticity, Aβ levels, tau hyperphosphorylation, BACE1 and NEP expression, and circadian locomotor rhythm were evaluated. The results showed that OXA aggravated memory impairments and circadian rhythm disturbance, exacerbated hippocampal LTP depression, and increased Aβ and tau pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice by affecting BACE1 and NEP expression. These results indicated that OXA aggravates cognitive deficits and hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment in 3xTg-AD mice by increasing Aβ production and decreasing Aβ clearance through disruption of the circadian rhythm and sleep-wake cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ying Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu-Jia Cui
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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7
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Karaahmet B, Le L, Mendes MS, Majewska AK, O'Banion MK. Repopulated microglia induce expression of Cxcl13 with differential changes in Tau phosphorylation but do not impact amyloid pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:173. [PMID: 35787714 PMCID: PMC9252071 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult microglia rely on self-renewal through division to repopulate and sustain their numbers. However, with aging, microglia display morphological and transcriptional changes that reflect a heightened state of neuroinflammation. This state threatens aging neurons and other cells and can influence the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine whether renewing microglia through a forced partial depletion/repopulation method could attenuate AD pathology in the 3xTg and APP/PS1 mouse models. METHODS We pharmacologically depleted the microglia of two cohorts of 21- to 22-month-old 3xTg mice and one cohort of 14-month-old APP/PS1 mice using PLX5622 formulated in chow for 2 weeks. Following depletion, we returned the mice to standard chow diet for 1 month to allow microglial repopulation. We assessed the effect of depletion and repopulation on AD pathology, microglial gene expression, and surface levels of homeostatic markers on microglia using immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNAseq and flow cytometry. RESULTS Although we did not identify a significant impact of microglial repopulation on amyloid pathology in either of the AD models, we observed differential changes in phosphorylated-Tau epitopes after repopulation in the 3xTg mice. We provide evidence that repopulated microglia in the hippocampal formation exhibited changes in the levels of homeostatic microglial markers. Lastly, we identified novel subpopulations of microglia by performing single-cell RNAseq analysis on CD45int/+ cells from hippocampi of control and repopulated 3xTg mice. In particular, one subpopulation induced after repopulation is characterized by heightened expression of Cxcl13. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that depleting and repopulating microglia causes overexpression of microglial Cxcl13 with disparate effects on Tau and amyloid pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berke Karaahmet
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linh Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Monique S Mendes
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Kasindi A, Fuchs DT, Koronyo Y, Rentsendorj A, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Glatiramer Acetate Immunomodulation: Evidence of Neuroprotection and Cognitive Preservation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091578. [PMID: 35563884 PMCID: PMC9099707 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel, neuroprotective uses of Copaxone (generic name: glatiramer acetate—GA) are being examined, primarily in neurological conditions involving cognitive decline. GA is a well-studied synthetic copolymer that is FDA-approved for immune-based treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Clinical studies have explored the potential mechanism of action (MOA) and outcomes of GA immunization in patients. Furthermore, results from these and animal studies suggest that GA has a direct immunomodulatory effect on adaptive and innate immune cell phenotypes and responses. These MOAs have been postulated to have a common neuroprotective impact in several neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, several clinical studies report that the use of GA mitigated MS-associated cognitive decline. Its propensity to ameliorate neuro-proinflammatory and degenerative processes ignites increased interest in potential alternate uses such as in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preclinical studies are exploring less frequent subcutaneous administration of GA, such as once weekly or monthly or a single dosing regimen. Indeed, cognitive functions were found to be either preserved, reversed, or improved after the less frequent treatment regimens with GA in animal models of AD. In this systematic review, we examine the potential novel uses of GA across clinical and pre-clinical studies, with evidence for its beneficial impact on cognition. Future investigation in large-size, double-blind clinical trials is warranted to establish the impact of GA immunomodulation on neuroprotection and cognitive preservation in various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle Kasindi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.K.); (D.-T.F.); (Y.K.); (A.R.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Dieu-Trang Fuchs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.K.); (D.-T.F.); (Y.K.); (A.R.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.K.); (D.-T.F.); (Y.K.); (A.R.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Altan Rentsendorj
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.K.); (D.-T.F.); (Y.K.); (A.R.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Keith L. Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.K.); (D.-T.F.); (Y.K.); (A.R.); (K.L.B.)
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; (A.K.); (D.-T.F.); (Y.K.); (A.R.); (K.L.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Correspondence:
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Vavougios GD, Mavridis T, Artemiadis A, Krogfelt KA, Hadjigeorgiou G. Trained immunity in viral infections, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: A convergence in type I interferon signalling and IFNβ-1a. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Imbimbo BP, Watling M. What have we learned from past failures of investigational drugs for Alzheimer's disease? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:1175-1182. [PMID: 34890262 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.2017881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the last 15 years, huge efforts against Alzheimer's disease (AD) with drugs targeting β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau have produced poor clinical results. Aducanumab, a recently FDA-approved anti-Aβ monoclonal antibody has been greeted with distrust by most experts, hospitals and insurance companies for its level of efficacy and poor tolerability. AREA COVERED We reviewed literature on Alzheimer trials using PubMed, meeting abstracts and ClnicalTrials.gov and discuss what we can learn from past failures of investigational drugs for Alzheimer's disease, especially anti-Aβ and anti-tau drugs. EXPERT OPINION It is our opinion that previous failures of anti-AD drugs suggest that soluble Aβ and tau are not appropriate drug targets. In addition, pivotal clinical trials of future clinical candidates should avoid major protocol amendments and futility analyses. Study protocols should adopt better measures to protect study blinding and minimize the potential introduction of major biases in the evaluation of clinical results. Finally, alternative biological targets should be pursued as well as more multimodal approaches to addressing neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno P Imbimbo
- Department of Research & Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Mark Watling
- CNS & Pain Department, TranScrip Ltd, Reading, UK
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