1
|
Saponjic J, Mejías R, Nikolovski N, Dragic M, Canak A, Papoutsopoulou S, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Fladmark KE, Ntavaroukas P, Bayar Muluk N, Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Fontán-Lozano Á, Comi C, Marino F. Experimental Models to Study Immune Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4330. [PMID: 38673915 PMCID: PMC11050170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, age-related, progressive multisystem disease associated with neuroinflammation and immune dysfunction. This review discusses the methodological approaches used to study the changes in central and peripheral immunity in PD, the advantages and limitations of the techniques, and their applicability to humans. Although a single animal model cannot replicate all pathological features of the human disease, neuroinflammation is present in most animal models of PD and plays a critical role in understanding the involvement of the immune system (IS) in the pathogenesis of PD. The IS and its interactions with different cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of PD. Even though culture models do not fully reflect the complexity of disease progression, they are limited in their ability to mimic long-term effects and need validation through in vivo studies. They are an indispensable tool for understanding the interplay between the IS and the pathogenesis of this disease. Understanding the immune-mediated mechanisms may lead to potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD. We believe that the development of methodological guidelines for experiments with animal models and PD patients is crucial to ensure the validity and consistency of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Saponjic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rebeca Mejías
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Neda Nikolovski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11108 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences–National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11351 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Asuman Canak
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize 53100, Turkey;
| | - Stamatia Papoutsopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | | | - Kari E. Fladmark
- Department of Biological Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Panagiotis Ntavaroukas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larisa, Greece; (S.P.); (P.N.)
| | - Nuray Bayar Muluk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale 71450, Turkey;
| | - Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.D.); (M.Z.J.)
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain; (R.M.); (Á.F.-L.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lopes-Silva LB, Cunha DMG, Lima AC, Bioni VS, Gonçalves N, Kurita JPF, Wuo-Silva R, Silva RH. Sleep deprivation induces late deleterious effects in a pharmacological model of Parkinsonism. Exp Brain Res 2024:10.1007/s00221-024-06811-0. [PMID: 38499659 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative, chronic and progressive disease, characterized by motor dysfunctions. Patients also exhibit non-motor symptoms, such as affective and sleep disorders. Sleep disorders can potentiate clinical and neuropathological features and lead to worse prognosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleep deprivation (SD) in mice submitted to a progressive pharmacological model of Parkinsonism (chronic administration with a low dose of reserpine). Male Swiss mice received 20 injections of reserpine (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle, on alternate days. SD was applied before or during reserpine treatment and was performed by gentle handling for 6 h per day for 10 consecutive days. Animals were submitted to motor and non-motor behavioral assessments and neurochemical evaluations. Locomotion was increased by SD and decreased by reserpine treatment. SD during treatment delayed the onset of catalepsy, but SD prior to treatment potentiated reserpine-induced catalepsy. Thus, although SD induced an apparent beneficial effect on motor parameters, a delayed deleterious effect on alterations induced by reserpine was found. In the object recognition test, both SD and reserpine treatment produced cognitive deficits. In addition, the association between SD and reserpine induced anhedonic-like behavior. Finally, an increase in oxidative stress was found in hippocampus of mice subjected to SD, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was reduced in substantia nigra of reserpine-treated animals. Results point to a possible late effect of SD, aggravating the deficits in mice submitted to the reserpine progressive model of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L B Lopes-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M G Cunha
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Lima
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V S Bioni
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Gonçalves
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J P F Kurita
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Wuo-Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu, 862, Ed. Leal Prado, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alharthy KM, Rashid S, Yusufoglu HS, Alqasoumi SI, Ganaie MA, Alam A. Neuroprotective potential of Afzelin: A novel approach for alleviating catalepsy and modulating Bcl-2 expression in Parkinson's disease therapy. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101928. [PMID: 38261905 PMCID: PMC10797200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The lost dopaminergic neurons in the brain prevent mobility in Parkinson's disease (PD). It is impossible to stop the disease's progress by means of symptoms management. Research focuses on oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal degeneration. Exploration of potential neuroprotective drugs against prosurvival B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein is ongoing. An investigable cause behind PD, as well as preventive measures, could be discovered considering the association between such behavioural manifestations (cataleptic behaviours) and PD. The compound Afzelin, known to guard the nervous system, was chosen for this study. The study was done on rats divided into six different groups. First, there was a control group. The other group was treated with Reserpine (RES) (1 mg/kg). The third group received RES (1 mg/kg) and levodopa (30 mg/kg). The remaining three groups were given RES (1 mg/kg) in conjunction with Afzelin at the following doses: 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg. Cataleptic behavior and mobility in rats was assessed using the rotarod, open field, and modified forced-swim tests. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), biogenic amines, and Bcl-2 level in rat tissue homogenates were considered. According to the study's findings, the rats treated through co-administration of RES and Afzelin improved significantly in their cataleptic behaviours and locomotor activity. In addition, administering Afzelin itself caused Bcl-2 expression, which could have some neuroprotection properties. This study provides meaningful information on the effectiveness of Afzelin in handling catalepsy and other degenerative neurologic disorders. As a result, other studies need to be conducted to establish the reasons behind the reactions and determine the long-term effects of Afzelin on these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Alharthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan S. Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, Al-Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I. Alqasoumi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid Ahmad Ganaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Buraydah Colleges, 51418 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mohammed HS, Hosny EN, Sawie HG, Khadrawy YA. Transcranial photobiomodulation ameliorates midbrain and striatum neurochemical impairments and behavioral deficits in reserpine-induced parkinsonism in rats. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2891-2904. [PMID: 37917308 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) of deep brain structures through transcranial infrared irradiation might be an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying this intervention should be elucidated to optimize the therapeutic outcome and maximize therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed at investigating the oxidative stress-related parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the enzymatic activities of sodium-potassium-ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and monoamine levels (dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the midbrain and striatum of reserpine-induced PD in an animal model treated with PBM. Furthermore, the locomotor behavior of the animals has been determined by the open field test. Animals were divided into three groups; the control group, the PD-induced model group, and the PD-induced model treated with the PBM group. Non-invasive treatment of animals for 14 days with 100 mW, 830 nm laser has demonstrated successful attainment in the recovery of oxidative stress, and enzymatic activities impairments induced by reserpine (0.2 mg/kg) in both midbrain and striatum of adult male Wistar rats. PBM also improved the decrease in DA, NE, and 5-HT in the investigated brain regions. On a behavioral level, animals showed improvement in their locomotion activity. These findings have shed more light on some mechanisms underlying the treatment potential of PBM and displayed the safety, easiness, and efficacy of PBM treatment as an alternative to pharmacological treatment for PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Faculty of Science, Biophysics Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman N Hosny
- Medical Division, Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hussein G Sawie
- Medical Division, Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser A Khadrawy
- Medical Division, Medical Physiology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|