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Huang D, Fan Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Ding M, Hou R, Yu K, Xiao X, Wu Y, Wu J. Dorsal dentate gyrus mediated enriched environment-induced anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in cortical infarcted mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114801. [PMID: 38685308 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health disorders worldwide, each affecting around 30% stroke survivors. These complications not only affect the functional recovery and quality of life in stroke patients, but also are distressing for caregivers. However, effective treatments are still lacking. Enriched environment (EE), characterized with novel and multi-dimensional stimulation, has been reported to exert therapeutic effects on physical and cognitive function. In addition, EE also had potential positive effects on emotional disorders after ischemic stroke; however, the underling mechanisms have not been well elucidated. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of EE on emotional disorders after cerebral ischemia and its underling mechanism. Sensorimotor cortical infarction was induced by photothrombosis with stable infarct location and volume, resulting in motor dysfunction, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice, with decreased ALFF and ReHo values and decreased c-fos expression in the infarction area and adjacent regions. Seven days' EE treatment significantly improved motor function of contralateral forelimb and exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in infarcted mice. Compared to the mice housing in a standard environment, those subjected to acute EE stimulation had significantly increased ALFF and ReHo values in the bilateral somatosensory cortex (S1, S2), dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), dorsal CA1 of hippocampus (dCA1), lateral habenular nucleus (LHb), periaqueductal gray (PAG), ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), parietal association cortex (PtA), dorsal CA3 of hippocampus (dCA3), claustrum (Cl), ventral pallidum (VP), amygdala (Amy), and contralateral auditory cortex (Au). Some of, but not all, the ipsilateral brain regions mentioned above showed accompanying increases in c-fos expression with the most significant changes in the dDG. The number of FosB positive cells in the dDG, decreased in infarcted mice, was significantly increased after chronic EE treatment. Chemogenetic activation of dDG neurons reduced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in infarcted mice, while neuronal inhibition resulted in void of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of EE. Altogether, these findings indicated that dDG neurons may mediate EE-triggered anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in cortical infarcted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xu'hui District, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qianfeng Wang
- Zhangjiang Brain Imaging Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruiqing Hou
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Nguyen H, Makaroff SN, Li CQ, Hoffman S, Yang Y, Lu H. High inductance magnetic-core coils have enhanced efficiency in inducing suprathreshold motor response in rats. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:10.1088/1361-6560/ad0bde. [PMID: 37949063 PMCID: PMC10990567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad0bde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) coil design involves a tradeoff among multiple parameters, including magnetic flux density (B), inductance (L), induced electric (E) field, focality, penetration depth, coil heating, etc. Magnetic materials with high permeability have been suggested to enhance coil efficiency. However, the introduction of magnetic core invariably increases coil inductance compared to its air-core counterpart, which in turn weakens theEfield. Our lab previously reported a rodent-specific TMS coil with silicon steel magnetic core, achieving 2 mm focality. This study aims to better understand the tradeoffs amongB,L,andEin the presence of magnetic core.Approach. The magnetic core initially operates within the linear range, transitioning to the nonlinear range when it begins to saturate at high current levels and reverts to the linear range as coil current approaches zero; both linear and nonlinear analyses were performed. Linear analysis assumes a weak current condition when magnetic core is not saturated; a monophasic TMS circuit was employed for this purpose. Nonlinear analysis assumes a strong current condition with varying degrees of core saturation.Main results. Results reveal that, the secondaryEfield generated by the silicon steel core substantially changed the dynamics during TMS pulse. Linear and nonlinear analyses revealed that higher inductance coils produced stronger peakEfields and longerEfield waveforms. On a macroscopic scale, the effects of these two factors on neuronal activation could be conceptually explained through a one-time-constant linear membrane model. Four coils with differentB,L,andEcharacteristics were designed and constructed. BothEfield mapping and experiments on awake rats confirmed that inductance could be much higher than previously anticipated, provided that magnetic material possesses a high saturation threshold.Significance. Our results highlight the novel potentials of magnetic core in TMS coil designs, especially for small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Nguyen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Sergey N Makaroff
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Qiong Li
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samantha Hoffman
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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