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Teixeira-Pinto T, Lima de Souza R, Grossi Marconi D, Lando L. Ophthalmic rehabilitation in oncology care. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024:S0008-4182(24)00216-3. [PMID: 39128829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Ophthalmic rehabilitation refers to the multidisciplinary approach to restoring, maximizing, and preserving the visual function and quality of life for patients affected by ocular manifestations of cancer or its treatments. Besides its approach to low vision, ophthalmic rehabilitation also encompasses a series of reconstructive interventions to mitigate anatomic deficits that may interplay with visual impairment. A gamut of oncologic conditions may result in ocular disabilities, including primary intraocular tumours, secondary metastases, or adverse effects of systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Methods of ophthalmic rehabilitation are evolving constantly and involve the prescription of optical aids and adaptive technologies to enhance remaining vision, as well as supportive training and counselling to address psychosocial effects. Although studies in low vision have mostly covered aspects of rehabilitation in inherited and degenerative eye conditions, ophthalmic rehabilitation within the context of cancer carries specificities that have been poorly explored in the literature on ophthalmology and oncology. This review aims to build on the trends of low vision management, ocular oncology treatments, orbital reconstructive surgery, and visual therapy to revise the published rationale behind evaluating and managing patients facing debilitating ocular sequelae as the result of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Teixeira-Pinto
- Ocular Oncology and Visual Rehabilitation Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roque Lima de Souza
- Ocular Oncology and Visual Rehabilitation Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Grossi Marconi
- Ocular Oncology and Visual Rehabilitation Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lando
- Ocular Oncology and Visual Rehabilitation Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil..
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Namgung E, Kwon SU, Han M, Kim G, Kim HY, Park K, Cho M, Choi H, Nah H, Lim HT, Kang D. Digital therapeutics using virtual reality-based visual perceptual learning for visual field defects in stroke: A double-blind randomized trial. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3525. [PMID: 38773793 PMCID: PMC11109502 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Visual field defects (VFDs) represent a debilitating poststroke complication, characterized by unseen parts of the visual field. Visual perceptual learning (VPL), involving repetitive visual training in blind visual fields, may effectively restore visual field sensitivity in cortical blindness. This current multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial investigated the efficacy and safety of VPL-based digital therapeutics (Nunap Vision [NV]) for treating poststroke VFDs. METHODS Stroke outpatients with VFDs (>6 months after stroke onset) were randomized into NV (defective field training) or Nunap Vision-Control (NV-C, central field training) groups. Both interventions provided visual perceptual training, consisting of orientation, rotation, and depth discrimination, through a virtual reality head-mounted display device 5 days a week for 12 weeks. The two groups received VFD assessments using Humphrey visual field (HVF) tests at baseline and 12-week follow-up. The final analysis included those completed the study (NV, n = 40; NV-C, n = 35). Efficacy measures included improved visual area (sensitivity ≥6 dB) and changes in the HVF scores during the 12-week period. RESULTS With a high compliance rate, NV and NV-C training improved the visual areas in the defective hemifield (>72 degrees2) and the whole field (>108 degrees2), which are clinically meaningful improvements despite no significant between-group differences. According to within-group analyses, mean total deviation scores in the defective hemifield improved after NV training (p = .03) but not after NV-C training (p = .12). CONCLUSIONS The current trial suggests that VPL-based digital therapeutics may induce clinically meaningful visual improvements in patients with poststroke VFDs. Yet, between-group differences in therapeutic efficacy were not found as NV-C training exhibited unexpected improvement comparable to NV training, possibly due to learning transfer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Namgung
- Asan Institute for Life SciencesAsan Medical CenterSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sun U. Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Moon‐Ku Han
- Department of NeurologySeoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamSouth Korea
| | - Gyeong‐Moon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Hahn Young Kim
- Department of NeurologyKonkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Kwang‐Yeol Park
- Department of NeurologyChung‐Ang University Hospital, Chung‐Ang University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | | | - Hyun‐Wook Nah
- Department of NeurologyChungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Chungnam National University College of MedicineSejongSouth Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dong‐Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Nunaps Inc.SeoulSouth Korea
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Cheng W, Liu J, Jiang T, Li M. The application of functional imaging in visual field defects: a brief review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1333021. [PMID: 38410197 PMCID: PMC10895022 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1333021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual field defects (VFDs) represent a prevalent complication stemming from neurological and ophthalmic conditions. A range of factors, including tumors, brain surgery, glaucoma, and other disorders, can induce varying degrees of VFDs, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Over recent decades, functional imaging has emerged as a pivotal field, employing imaging technology to illustrate functional changes within tissues and organs. As functional imaging continues to advance, its integration into various clinical aspects of VFDs has substantially enhanced the diagnostic, therapeutic, and management capabilities of healthcare professionals. Notably, prominent imaging techniques such as DTI, OCT, and MRI have garnered widespread adoption, yet they possess unique applications and considerations. This comprehensive review aims to meticulously examine the application and evolution of functional imaging in the context of VFDs. Our objective is to furnish neurologists and ophthalmologists with a systematic and comprehensive comprehension of this critical subject matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxinjun Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingshuang Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Queen Mary College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Moyi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Lian Y, Cheng X, Chen Q, Huang L, Xie L, Wang W, Ni J, Chen X. Case report: Beneficial effects of visual cortex tDCS stimulation combined with visual training in patients with visual field defects. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1344348. [PMID: 38327623 PMCID: PMC10847570 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1344348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Visual field defect (VFD) refers to the phenomenon that the eye is unable to see a certain area within the normal range of vision, which may be caused by eye diseases, neurological diseases and other reasons. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is expected to be an effective treatment for the recovery or partial recovery of VFD. This paper describes the potential for tDCS in combination with visual retraining strategies to have a positive impact on vision recovery, and the potential for neuroplasticity to play a key role in vision recovery. Methods This case report includes two patients. Patient 1 was diagnosed with a right occipital hemorrhage and homonymous hemianopia. Patient 2 had multiple facial fractures, a contusion of the right eye, and damage to the optic nerve of the right eye, which was diagnosed as a peripheral nerve injury (optic nerve injury). We administered a series of treatments to two patients, including transcranial direct current stimulation; visual field restoration rehabilitation: paracentric gaze training, upper and lower visual field training, VR rehabilitation, and perceptual training. One time per day, 5 days per week, total 6 weeks. Results After 6 weeks of visual rehabilitation and tDCS treatment, Patient 1 Humphrey visual field examination showed a significant improvement compared to the initial visit, with a reduction in the extent of visual field defects, increased visual acuity, and improvement in most visual functions. Patient 2 had an expanded visual field, improved visual sensitivity, and substantial improvement in visual function. Conclusion Our case reports support the feasibility and effectiveness of tDCS combined with visual rehabilitation training in the treatment of occipital stroke and optic nerve injury settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Libin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenzong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Namgung E, Lee EJ, Kim YH, Kang DW. White Matter Structural Connectivity Associated With Visual Field Recovery After Stroke. J Stroke 2024; 26:116-120. [PMID: 38246721 PMCID: PMC10850453 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Namgung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Dong-Wha Kang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Nunaps Inc., Seoul, Korea
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Wang J, Zou L, Jiang X, Wang D, Mao L, Yang X. Visual stimulation rehabilitation for cortical blindness after vertebral artery interventional surgery: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 110:108753. [PMID: 37651808 PMCID: PMC10509878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Cortical blindness (CB) after vertebral artery interventional surgery is not a frequently reported complication. In this study, the efficacy of visual stimulation rehabilitation consisting of visual recovery training and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for cortical blindness was investigated by clinical evaluation, ophthalmologic examination, and electroencephalography (EEG). CASE PRESENTATION This study reports on a 55-year-old male who showed partial bilateral posterior cerebral artery cortical branch occlusion after timely embolectomy due to thrombus dislodgement during right vertebral artery opening, stenting resulting in basilar artery tip occlusion. The lesions were mainly located in the right cerebellar hemisphere and bilateral occipital lobes, and the patient suffered from bilateral loss of vision, with only light perception preserved. The patient began to receive visual recovery training and 15 sessions of right occipital high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation 5 days after the onset. CLINICAL DISCUSSION After treatment, the patient's capacity to identify things improved, allowing him to watch television, as did the precision and fluency of random hand movements, walking, and self-care. CONCLUSION Visual stimulation rehabilitation composed of visual recovery training and rTMS is a promising therapy option for cortical blindness, and our case report provides clinical experience with vision recovery for patients with cortical blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juehan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liliang Zou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorui Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daming Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Emergency and Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Vu AT. Rehabilitation Outcomes of Cortical Blindness and Characteristics Secondary to Cardiac Arrest: A Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e32927. [PMID: 36712770 PMCID: PMC9873452 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the published literature on rehabilitation outcomes in patients with cortical blindness (CB) and highlighted the characteristic features and prognosis of CB due to cardiac arrest. The studies excluded were those involving the pediatric population (<age 16), written in a language other than English, and studies with no mention of outcomes. The literature search was done by PubMed and EBSCOhost databases from the oldest available literature through November 2019. Due to the scarcity of published literature and a qualitative description of outcomes, a narrative review of the literature was deemed appropriate. Seven case reports and one retrospective cohort study met the inclusion criteria. Cognitive and visual impairments were significant barriers to rehabilitation in CB. Improvement of visual deficits occurred within one to two months. Those with complete blindness, cognitive impairments, and a delay in resuscitation were more likely to have poorer functional outcomes in the performance of activities of daily living and were less likely to be discharged home. This is the most comprehensive review of published literature to focus on the function of patients with cortical blindness. The limitations include the small number of published literature and the qualitative approach utilized. Despite the limitations, the findings of this review can inform future studies that would investigate the most efficient and comprehensive methods of CB rehabilitation.
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Asher JM, Hibbard PB. Visual Field Loss: Integrating Overlayed Information to Increase the Effective Field of View. VISION (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 6:vision6040067. [PMID: 36412648 PMCID: PMC9680509 DOI: 10.3390/vision6040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visual field loss is a debilitating impairment that can impact normal daily activities. The advancement of augmented and virtual realities brings opportunities for potential substitutive technologies for visual field loss. Here we outline a conceptual approach to increasing the amount of useful information by overlaying the blind field into the sighted field. In this proof-of-concept experiment, 33 observers were allocated to either a left or right blind condition (with a simulated scotoma). All observers completed a line bisection task in all three conditions (baseline, scotoma, manipulation), with the baseline condition always completed first. The scotoma condition (baseline with the addition of a simulated scotoma) and the manipulated condition (baseline with the addition of a simulated scotoma, and a "minified window overlay") were randomised in order of presentation. Predictably, our results show that a simulated scotoma impaired performance on the task. However, observers were able to make use the overlay to improve their estimation of the line's midpoint. Our results show that a substitutive augmentation of this type improved accuracy in estimating the midpoint of a line with a (simulated) scotoma.
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Kim Y, Im S, Oh J, Jung Y, Jun SY. Detection of post-stroke visual field loss by quantification of the retrogeniculate visual pathway. J Neurol Sci 2022; 439:120297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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He Q, Gan S. Neural Mechanisms of Visual Field Recovery after Perceptual Training in Cortical Blindness. J Neurosci 2022; 42:1886-1887. [PMID: 35264430 PMCID: PMC8916751 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1953-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuoqiu Gan
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Sims JR, Chen AM, Sun Z, Deng W, Colwell NA, Colbert MK, Zhu J, Sainulabdeen A, Faiq MA, Bang JW, Chan KC. Role of Structural, Metabolic, and Functional MRI in Monitoring Visual System Impairment and Recovery. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1706-1729. [PMID: 33009710 PMCID: PMC8099039 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual system, consisting of the eyes and the visual pathways of the brain, receives and interprets light from the environment so that we can perceive the world around us. A wide variety of disorders can affect human vision, ranging from ocular to neurologic to systemic in nature. While other noninvasive imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography and ultrasound can image particular sections of the visual system, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers high resolution without depth limitations. MRI also gives superior soft-tissue contrast throughout the entire pathway compared to computed tomography. By leveraging different imaging sequences, MRI is uniquely capable of unveiling the intricate processes of ocular anatomy, tissue physiology, and neurological function in the human visual system from the microscopic to macroscopic levels. In this review we discuss how structural, metabolic, and functional MRI can be used in the clinical assessment of normal and pathologic states in the anatomic structures of the visual system, including the eyes, optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts, visual brain nuclei, optic radiations, and visual cortical areas. We detail a selection of recent clinical applications of MRI at each position along the visual pathways, including the evaluation of pathology, plasticity, and the potential for restoration, as well as its limitations and key areas of ongoing exploration. Our discussion of the current and future developments in MR ocular and neuroimaging highlights its potential impact on our ability to understand visual function in new detail and to improve our protection and treatment of anatomic structures that are integral to this fundamental sensory system. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3: TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE 3: .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Sims
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna M. Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenyu Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole A. Colwell
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Max K. Colbert
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anoop Sainulabdeen
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Thrissur, India
| | - Muneeb A. Faiq
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ji Won Bang
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin C. Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Neural Science, College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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Lang ST, Ryu WHA, Starreveld YP, Costello FE. Good Visual Outcomes After Pituitary Tumor Surgery Are Associated With Increased Visual Cortex Functional Connectivity. J Neuroophthalmol 2021; 41:504-511. [PMID: 33399415 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients presenting with visual impairment secondary to pituitary macroadenomas often experience variable recovery after surgery. Several factors may impact visual outcomes including the extent of neuroaxonal damage in the afferent visual pathway and cortical plasticity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures of retinal structure and resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) can be used to evaluate the impact of neuroaxonal injury and cortical adaptive processes, respectively. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rsfMRI patterns of functional connectivity (FC) distinguish patients with good vs poor visual outcomes after surgical decompression of pituitary adenomas. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we compared FC patterns between patients who manifested good (GO) vs poor (PO) visual outcomes after pituitary tumor surgery. Patients (n = 21) underwent postoperative rsfMRI a minimum of 1 year after tumor surgery. Seed-based connectivity of the visual cortex (primary [V1], prestriate [V2], and extrastriate [V5]) was compared between GO and PO patients and between patients and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 19). Demographics, visual function, and OCT data were compared preoperatively and postoperatively between patient groups. The threshold for GO was visual field mean deviation equal or less than -5.00 dB and/or visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40. RESULTS Increased postoperative FC of the visual system was noted for GO relative to PO patients. Specifically, good visual outcomes were associated with increased connectivity of right V5 to the bilateral frontal cortices. Compared with HCs, GO patients showed increased connectivity of V1 and left V2 to sensorimotor cortex, increased connectivity of right and left V2 to medial prefrontal cortex, and increased connectivity of right V5 the right temporal and frontal cortices. CONCLUSIONS Increased visual cortex connectivity is associated with good visual outcomes in patients with pituitary tumor, at late phase of recovery. Our findings suggest that rsfMRI does distinguish GO and PO patients after pituitary tumor surgery. This imaging modality may have a future role in characterizing the impact of cortical adaptation on visual recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan T Lang
- Division of Neurosurgery (STL, WHAR, YPS), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Division of Ophthalmology (FEC), Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Division of Neurology (FEC), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Neurological Surgery (WHAR), Rush University, Chicago, IL; and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (STL, FEC), University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Margolin E, Donaldson L. Homonymous hemianopia as the presenting sign of posterior cortical atrophy. Pract Neurol 2021; 22:160-161. [PMID: 34810280 DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2021-003249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Margolin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Donaldson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Spared perilesional V1 activity underlies training-induced recovery of luminance detection sensitivity in cortically-blind patients. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6102. [PMID: 34671032 PMCID: PMC8528839 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) causes homonymous visual-field loss long considered intractable. Multiple studies now show that perceptual training can restore visual functions in chronic cortically-induced blindness (CB). A popular hypothesis is that training can harness residual visual functions by recruiting intact extrageniculostriate pathways. Training may also induce plastic changes within spared regions of the damaged V1. Here, we link changes in luminance detection sensitivity with retinotopic fMRI activity before and after visual discrimination training in eleven patients with chronic, stroke-induced CB. We show that spared V1 activity representing perimetrically-blind locations prior to training predicts the amount of training-induced recovery of luminance detection sensitivity. Additionally, training results in an enlargement of population receptive fields in perilesional V1, which increases blind-field coverage and may support further recovery with subsequent training. These findings uncover fundamental changes in perilesional V1 cortex underlying training-induced restoration of conscious luminance detection sensitivity in CB. In humans, stroke damage to V1 causes large visual field defects. Spared V1 activity prior to training predicts the amount of training-induced recovery in luminance detection sensitivity. Moreover, visual training changes population receptive field properties within residual V1 circuits.
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Allaman L, Mottaz A, Guggisberg AG. Disrupted resting-state EEG alpha-band interactions as a novel marker for the severity of visual field deficits after brain lesion. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2101-2109. [PMID: 34284245 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Homonymous visual field deficits (HFVDs) are frequent following brain lesions. Current restoration treatments aim at activating areas of residual vision through numerous stimuli, but show limited effect. Recent findings suggest that spontaneous neural α-band coupling is more efficient for enabling visual perception in healthy humans than task-induced activations. Here, we evaluated whether it is also associated with the severity of HFVD. METHODS Ten patients with HFVDs after brain damage in the subacute to chronic stage and ten matched healthy controls underwent visual stimulation with alternating checkerboards and electroencephalography recordings of stimulation-induced power changes and of spontaneous neural interactions during rest. RESULTS Visual areas of the affected hemisphere showed reduced event-related power decrease in α and β frequency bands, but also reduced spontaneous α-band interactions during rest, as compared to contralesional areas and healthy controls. A multivariate stepwise regression retained the degree of disruption of spontaneous interactions, but not the reduced task-induced power changes as predictor for the severity of the visual deficit. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous α-band interactions of visual areas appear as a better marker for the severity of HFVDs than task-induced activations. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment attempts of HFVDs should try to enhance spontaneous α-band coupling of structurally intact ipsilesional areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Allaman
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Av. de Beau-Séjour 26, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Mottaz
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Av. de Beau-Séjour 26, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland
| | - Adrian G Guggisberg
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, Av. de Beau-Séjour 26, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.
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Crampton A, Teel E, Chevignard M, Gagnon I. Vestibular-ocular reflex dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury: A narrative review. Neurochirurgie 2021; 67:231-237. [PMID: 33482235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuchi.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a prevalent injury which occurs across many populations, including children and adolescents, athletes, military personnel, and the elderly. mTBI can result in various subjective symptoms and clinical deficits, such as abnormalities to the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Over 50% of individuals with mTBI are reported to have VOR abnormalities, which strongly contribute to feelings of dizziness and unsteadiness. Dizziness is a strong predictor for prolonged recovery following mTBI and is additionally linked with mental health difficulties and functional limitations affecting likelihood of return to work. Early diagnosis, and subsequent treatment, of VOR deficits following mTBI may greatly improve recovery outcomes and a patient's quality of life, but a thorough comprehension of the related pathophysiology is necessary to understand the assessments used to diagnose VOR abnormalities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is i) provide readers with an introduction on the VOR physiology to facilitate understanding about mTBI-related abnormalities, and ii) to discuss current assessments that are commonly used to measure VOR function following mTBI. As the VOR and oculomotor (OM) systems are heavily linked and often work in tandem, discussion of the relevant aspects of the OM system is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Crampton
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth Teel
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathilde Chevignard
- Rehabilitation Department for Children with Acquired Neurological Injury and Outreach Team for Children and Adolescents with Acquired Brain Injury, Saint Maurice Hospitals, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France; GRC 24 HaMCRe, Handicap Moteur et Cognitif et Réadaptation, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Gagnon
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Montreal Children Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Chen Y, Chen T, Cai X. Light-sensitive circuits related to emotional processing underlie the antidepressant neural targets of light therapy. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112862. [PMID: 32827569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since Aaron Beck proposed his cognitive model of depression, biased attention, biased processing, and biased rumination (different phases of biased cognition) have been considered as the key elements consistently linked with depression. Increasing evidence suggests that the functional failures in the "emotional processing system (EPS)" underlie the neurological foundation of the biased cognition of depression. Light therapy, a non-intrusive approach, exerts powerful effects on emotion and cognition and affects the activity, functional connectivity, and plasticity of multiple brain structures. Although numerous studies have reported its effectiveness in treating depression, the findings have not been integrated with Beck's cognitive model and EPS, and the neurobiological mechanisms of antidepressant light therapy remain largely unknown. In this review, integrated with the classical theories of Beck's cognitive model of depression and EPS, we identified the key neural circuits and abnormalities involved in the cognitive bias of depression and, accordingly, identified and depicted several light-sensitive circuits (LSCs, neural circuits in the EPS that are responsive to light stimulation) that may underlie the antidepressant neural targets of light therapy, as listed below: In summary, the LSCs above narrow down the research scope of identifying the neural targets of antidepressant light therapy and help elucidate the neuropsychological mechanism of antidepressant light therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Chen
- School of Architecture and Design, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Taolin Chen
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueli Cai
- School of Architecture and Design, Southwest JiaoTong University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Lee JI, Boerker L, Gemerzki L, Harmel J, Guthoff R, Aktas O, Gliem M, Jander S, Hartung HP, Albrecht P. Retinal Changes After Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarctions Display Different Patterns of the Nasal und Temporal Sector in a Case Series. Front Neurol 2020; 11:508. [PMID: 32582017 PMCID: PMC7290045 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Visual field defects are a common and disabling consequence of stroke and a negative prognostic factor of patient's quality of life. They result from lesions in different parts of the visual system, most commonly the visual cortex and optic radiation. An important pathophysiological mechanism is transsynaptic retrograde degeneration (TRD). Methods: In a case series 21 patients with posterior cerebral artery (PCA) territory infarctions were analyzed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs) cross-sectionally and longitudinally for up to 6 months. In OCT, symptomatic affected nasal and temporal sectors and corresponding visual fields in mfVEPs were compared to the contralateral side. Results: SD-OCT revealed a significant reduction (−2.92 ±2.53 μm, mean ± SD) of the symptomatic nasal macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and of the symptomatic temporal peripapillary RNFL after 6 months compared to baseline whereas the symptomatic temporal macular quadrant already showed a significantly thinner RNFL at baseline. The mfVEP first peak latency at baseline was significantly different (nasal visual field +11.69 ±11.17 ms, mean ± SD; temporal visual field +16.63 ±7.97 ms, mean ± SD) on the symptomatic compared to the asymptomatic field. The nasal visual fields partly recovered in amplitude and first peak latency of mfVEPs over the following 6 months compared to baseline. Conclusion: The dynamics of OCT and mfVEP outcomes for degeneration and recovery after PCA infarction differ between the nasal and temporal retinal sector. We postulate that retinal sectors may differ in their temporal pattern of TRD over time after retrogeniculate cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Ih Lee
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Boerker
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Gemerzki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Harmel
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Guthoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Gliem
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jander
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Sabel BA, Thut G, Haueisen J, Henrich-Noack P, Herrmann CS, Hunold A, Kammer T, Matteo B, Sergeeva EG, Waleszczyk W, Antal A. Vision modulation, plasticity and restoration using non-invasive brain stimulation – An IFCN-sponsored review. Clin Neurophysiol 2020; 131:887-911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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20
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Pedersini CA, Guàrdia-Olmos J, Montalà-Flaquer M, Cardobi N, Sanchez-Lopez J, Parisi G, Savazzi S, Marzi CA. Functional interactions in patients with hemianopia: A graph theory-based connectivity study of resting fMRI signal. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226816. [PMID: 31905211 PMCID: PMC6944357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of task-independent functional connectivity (FC) after a lesion causing hemianopia remains an uncovered topic and represents a crucial point to better understand the neural basis of blindsight (i.e. unconscious visually triggered behavior) and visual awareness. In this light, we evaluated functional connectivity (FC) in 10 hemianopic patients and 10 healthy controls in a resting state paradigm. The main aim of this study is twofold: first of all we focused on the description and assessment of density and intensity of functional connectivity and network topology with and without a lesion affecting the visual pathway, and then we extracted and statistically compared network metrics, focusing on functional segregation, integration and specialization. Moreover, a study of 3-cycle triangles with prominent connectivity was conducted to analyze functional segregation calculated as the area of each triangle created connecting three neighboring nodes. To achieve these purposes we applied a graph theory-based approach, starting from Pearson correlation coefficients extracted from pairs of regions of interest. In these analyses we focused on the FC extracted by the whole brain as well as by four resting state networks: The Visual (VN), Salience (SN), Attention (AN) and Default Mode Network (DMN), to assess brain functional reorganization following the injury. The results showed a general decrease in density and intensity of functional connections, that leads to a less compact structure characterized by decrease in functional integration, segregation and in the number of interconnected hubs in both the Visual Network and the whole brain, despite an increase in long-range inter-modules connections (occipito-frontal connections). Indeed, the VN was the most affected network, characterized by a decrease in intra- and inter-network connections and by a less compact topology, with less interconnected nodes. Surprisingly, we observed a higher functional integration in the DMN and in the AN regardless of the lesion extent, that may indicate a functional reorganization of the brain following the injury, trying to compensate for the general reduced connectivity. Finally we observed an increase in functional specialization (lower between-network connectivity) and in inter-networks functional segregation, which is reflected in a less compact network topology, highly organized in functional clusters. These descriptive findings provide new insight on the spontaneous brain activity in hemianopic patients by showing an alteration in the intrinsic architecture of a large-scale brain system that goes beyond the impairment of a single RSN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina A. Pedersini
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Joan Guàrdia-Olmos
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Montalà-Flaquer
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of Psychology, Institute of Complex Systems, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolò Cardobi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Javier Sanchez-Lopez
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giorgia Parisi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Savazzi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
| | - Carlo A. Marzi
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- National Institute of Neuroscience, Verona, Italy
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21
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Andersson P, Ragni F, Lingnau A. Visual imagery during real-time fMRI neurofeedback from occipital and superior parietal cortex. Neuroimage 2019; 200:332-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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22
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Neuronal mechanisms of motion detection underlying blindsight assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Neuropsychologia 2019; 128:187-197. [PMID: 30825453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Brain imaging offers a valuable tool to observe functional brain plasticity by showing how sensory inputs reshape cortical activations after a visual impairment. Following a unilateral post-chiasmatic lesion affecting the visual cortex, patients may suffer a contralateral visual loss referred to homonymous hemianopia. Nevertheless, these patients preserve the ability to unconsciously detect, localize and discriminate visual stimuli presented in their impaired visual field. To investigate this paradox, known as blindsight, we conducted a study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the structural and functional impact of such lesion in a 33-year old patient (ML), who suffers a complete right hemianopia without macular sparing and showing strong evidences of blindsight. We thus performed whole brain and sliced thalamic fMRI scan sequences during an event-related motion detection task. We provided evidence of the neuronal fingerprint of blindsight by acquiring and associating neural correlates, specific structures and functional networks of the midbrain during blindsight performances which may help to better understand this condition. Accurate performance demonstrated the presence of residual vision and the ability to unconsciously perceive motion presented in the blind hemifield, although her reaction time was significantly higher in her blind-field. When the normal hemifield was stimulated, we observed significant contralateral activations in primary and secondary visual areas as well as motion specific areas, such as the supramarginal gyrus and middle temporal area. We also demonstrated sub-thalamic activations within the superior colliculi (SC) and the pulvinar. These results suggest a role of secondary subcortical structures in normal spontaneous motion detection. In a similar way, when the lesioned hemifield was stimulated, we observed contralateral activity in extrastriate areas with no activation of the primary lesioned visual cortex. Moreover, we observed activations within the SC when the blind hemifield was stimulated. However, we observed unexpected ipsilateral activations within the same motion specific areas, as well as bilateral frontal activations. These results highlight the importance of abnormal secondary pathways bypassing the primary visual area (V1) in residual vision. This reorganization in the structure and function of the visual pathways correlates with behavioral changes, thus offering a plausible explanation for the blindsight phenomenon. Our results may potentially impact the development of rehabilitation strategies to target subcortical pathways.
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23
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A mathematical model to mimic the shape of event related desynchronization/synchronization. J Theor Biol 2018; 453:117-124. [PMID: 29802963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic oscillatory activities of the sensory cortex have been observed after a presentation of a stimulus. This activity first drops dramatically and then increases considerably that are respectively named event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS). There are several effective factors that can alter the ERD and ERS pattern. In this study, a mathematical model was presented that produced ERD and ERS pattern in response to a stimulus. This model works based on the synchronization concepts. The proposed model provided different suggestions about the reason behind the relationship between the encoding of incoming sensory information and the oscillatory activities, effective factors on the characteristics of neuronal units, and how may these factors affect the amplitude and latency of the ERD and ERS.
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Abstract
Much remains to be understood about visual system malfunction following injury. The resulting deficits range from dense, visual field scotomas to mild dysfunction of visual perception. Despite the predictive value of anatomical localization studies, much patient-to-patient variability remains regarding (a) perceptual abilities following injury and (b) the capacity of individual patients for visual rehabilitation. Visual field perimetry is used to characterize the visual field deficits that result from visual system injury. However, standard perimetry mapping does not always precisely correspond to underlying anatomical or functional deficits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging can be used to probe the function of surviving visual circuits, allowing us to classify better how the pattern of injury relates to residual visual perception. Identifying pathways that are potentially modifiable by training may guide the development of improved strategies for visual rehabilitation. This review discusses primary visual cortex lesions, which cause dense contralateral scotomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios M Smirnakis
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Neurology, Jamaica Plain Campus, Veterans Administration Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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25
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Le QV, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Takamura Y, Nguyen MN, Mao CV, Hori E, Maior RS, Tomaz C, Ono T, Nishijo H. Gamma oscillations in the superior colliculus and pulvinar in response to faces support discrimination performance in monkeys. Neuropsychologia 2017; 128:87-95. [PMID: 29037507 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The subcortical visual pathway including the superior colliculus (SC), pulvinar, and amygdala has been implicated in unconscious visual processing of faces, eyes, and gaze direction in blindsight. Our previous studies reported that monkey SC and pulvinar neurons responded preferentially to images of faces while performing a delayed non-matching to sample (DNMS) task to discriminate different visual stimuli (Nguyen et al., 2013, 2014). However, the contribution of SC and pulvinar neurons to the discrimination of the facial images and subsequent behavioral performance remains unknown. Since gamma oscillations have been implicated in sensory and cognitive processes as well as behavioral execution, we hypothesized that gamma oscillations during neuronal responses might contribute to achieving the appropriate behavioral performance (i.e., a correct response). In the present study, we re-analyzed those neuronal responses in the monkey SC and pulvinar to investigate possible relationships between gamma oscillations in these neurons and behavioral performance (correct response ratios) during the DNMS task. Gamma oscillations of SC and pulvinar neuronal activity were analyzed in three phases around the stimulus onset [inter-trial interval (ITI): 1000ms before trial onset; Early: 0-200ms after stimulus onset; and Late: 300-500ms after stimulus onset]. We found that human facial images elicited stronger gamma oscillations in the early phase than the ITI and late phase in both the SC and pulvinar neurons. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between strengths of gamma oscillations in the early phase and behavioral performance in both the SC and pulvinar. The results suggest that gamma oscillatory activity in the SC and pulvinar contributes to successful behavioral performance during unconscious perceptual and behavioral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Van Le
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Minh Nui Nguyen
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Can Van Mao
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Etsuro Hori
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Rafael S Maior
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Primate Center and Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, CEP 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Primate Center and Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior, Institute of Biology, University of Brasília, CEP 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil; Neuroscience Research Group, CEUMA University, CE 65065-120 São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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26
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Hadid V, Lepore F. From Cortical Blindness to Conscious Visual Perception: Theories on Neuronal Networks and Visual Training Strategies. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:64. [PMID: 28912694 PMCID: PMC5583595 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Homonymous hemianopia (HH) is the most common cortical visual impairment leading to blindness in the contralateral hemifield. It is associated with many inconveniences and daily restrictions such as exploration and visual orientation difficulties. However, patients with HH can preserve the remarkable ability to unconsciously perceive visual stimuli presented in their blindfield, a phenomenon known as blindsight. Unfortunately, the nature of this captivating residual ability is still misunderstood and the rehabilitation strategies in terms of visual training have been insufficiently exploited. This article discusses type I and type II blindsight in a neuronal framework of altered global workspace, resulting from inefficient perception, attention and conscious networks. To enhance synchronization and create global availability for residual abilities to reach visual consciousness, rehabilitation tools need to stimulate subcortical extrastriate pathways through V5/MT. Multisensory bottom-up compensation combined with top-down restitution training could target pre-existing and new neuronal mechanisms to recreate a framework for potential functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hadid
- Département de Sciences Biomédicales, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Franco Lepore
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition (CERNEC), Département de Psychologie, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
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Bollini A, Sanchez-Lopez J, Savazzi S, Marzi CA. Lights from the Dark: Neural Responses from a Blind Visual Hemifield. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:290. [PMID: 28588445 PMCID: PMC5440595 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present evidence that a hemianopic patient with a lesion of the left primary visual cortex (V1) showed an unconscious above-chance orientation discrimination with moving rather than static visual gratings presented to the blind hemifield. The patient did not report any perceptual experience of the stimulus features except for a feeling that something appeared in the blind hemifield. Interestingly, in the lesioned left hemisphere, following stimulus presentation to the blind hemifield, we found an event-related potential (ERP) N1 component at a post-stimulus onset latency of 180-260 ms and a source generator in the left BA 19. In contrast, we did not find evidence of the early visual components C1 and P1 and of the later component P300. A positive component (P2a) was recorded between 250 and 320 ms after stimulus onset frontally in both hemispheres. Finally, in the time range 320-440 ms there was a negative peak in right posterior electrodes that was present only for the moving condition. In sum, there were two noteworthy results: Behaviorally, we found evidence of above chance unconscious (blindsight) orientation discrimination with moving but not static stimuli. Physiologically, in contrast to previous studies, we found reliable ERP components elicited by stimuli presented to the blind hemifield at various electrode locations and latencies that are likely to index either the perceptual report of the patient (N1 and P2a) or, the above-chance unconscious performance with moving stimuli as is the case of the posterior ERP negative component. This late component can be considered as the neural correlate of a kind of blindsight enabling feature discrimination only when stimuli are moving and that is subserved by the intact right hemisphere through interhemispheric transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bollini
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of VeronaVerona, Italy
| | - Javier Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of VeronaVerona, Italy.,National Institute of NeuroscienceVerona, Italy
| | - Silvia Savazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of VeronaVerona, Italy.,National Institute of NeuroscienceVerona, Italy
| | - Carlo A Marzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of VeronaVerona, Italy.,National Institute of NeuroscienceVerona, Italy
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28
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Garcia Tirado A, Jimenez-Rolando B, Noval S, Martinez Bermejo A. Cortical Blindness in a Child Secondary to Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 26:e12-e13. [PMID: 27789154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to present a case of an uncommon complication associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a child where cortical blindness was the main clinical feature. Stroke due to an infection by M. pneumoniae is very uncommon. No consensus has been reached on the pathogenesis, although several pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed. Occlusion of posterior cerebral circulation is the most uncommon central nervous system complication of M. pneumoniae infection being reported. Symptoms are usually hemiplegia and dysarthria. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy who suffered cortical blindness due to a stroke 2 days after M. pneumoniae infection. This is the first case of documented cortical blindness due to posterior cerebral arteries occlusion in children after M. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Garcia Tirado
- Department of Ophtalmology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
| | - B Jimenez-Rolando
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Noval
- Department of Ophtalmology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martinez Bermejo
- Department of Pediatrics Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
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Neuroplasticity and MRI: A perfect match. Neuroimage 2016; 131:13-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Daneault V, Dumont M, Massé É, Vandewalle G, Carrier J. Light-sensitive brain pathways and aging. J Physiol Anthropol 2016; 35:9. [PMID: 26980095 PMCID: PMC4791759 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-016-0091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding its effects on the classical visual system allowing image formation, light acts upon several non-image-forming (NIF) functions including body temperature, hormonal secretions, sleep-wake cycle, alertness, and cognitive performance. Studies have shown that NIF functions are maximally sensitive to blue wavelengths (460–480 nm), in comparison to longer light wavelengths. Higher blue light sensitivity has been reported for melatonin suppression, pupillary constriction, vigilance, and performance improvement but also for modulation of cognitive brain functions. Studies investigating acute stimulating effects of light on brain activity during the execution of cognitive tasks have suggested that brain activations progress from subcortical regions involved in alertness, such as the thalamus, the hypothalamus, and the brainstem, before reaching cortical regions associated with the ongoing task. In the course of aging, lower blue light sensitivity of some NIF functions has been reported. Here, we first describe neural pathways underlying effects of light on NIF functions and we discuss eye and cerebral mechanisms associated with aging which may affect NIF light sensitivity. Thereafter, we report results of investigations on pupillary constriction and cognitive brain sensitivity to light in the course of aging. Whereas the impact of light on cognitive brain responses appears to decrease substantially, pupillary constriction seems to remain more intact over the lifespan. Altogether, these results demonstrate that aging research should take into account the diversity of the pathways underlying the effects of light on specific NIF functions which may explain their differences in light sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Daneault
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - M Dumont
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - É Massé
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Vandewalle
- Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Cyclotron Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Carrier
- Functional Neuroimaging Unit, University of Montreal Geriatric Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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31
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Bourlon C, Urbanski M. From unconscious to conscious vision: Rehabilitation of a case of cortical blindness. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2015.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Coubard OA. Editorial: Neural bases of binocular vision and coordination and their implications in visual training programs. Front Integr Neurosci 2015; 9:47. [PMID: 26321930 PMCID: PMC4534782 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2015.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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33
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Celeghin A, Savazzi S, Barabas M, Bendini M, Marzi CA. Blindsight is sensitive to stimulus numerosity and configuration: evidence from the redundant signal effect. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1617-23. [PMID: 25712088 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
One important, yet relatively unexplored question is whether blindsight, i.e., unconscious visually guided behavior in hemianopic patients, is endowed with basic perceptual properties such as detecting stimulus numerosity and overall configuration. Rather than a forced-choice procedure in which patients are supposed to guess about stimuli presented to the blind hemifield, we used a redundant signal effect paradigm, i.e., the speeding of simple reaction time (RT) when presenting multiple versus single similar stimuli. The presence of an effect of numerosity for the (unseen) stimuli presented to the blind field was indirectly assessed by measuring RT to bilateral versus unilateral stimuli presented to the intact hemifield. Chronic hemianopic patients were tested with unilateral or bilateral black dots, both of which could be either single or quadruple. The latter could either have a fixed spatial configuration representing a diamond or be randomly spatially assembled on every trial. Both configurations covered the same extent of visual field and had the overall same luminance. We found that a numerosity effect as a result of increasing the number of stimuli in the blind field was indeed present but only with the diamond configuration. This is a convincing evidence that this form of blindsight does not depend upon stimulus numerosity per se but is likely to be related to the presence of structured and memorized rather than meaningless changing stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Celeghin
- Physiology and Psychology Section, Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy,
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Coubard OA, Urbanski M, Bourlon C, Gaumet M. Educating the blind brain: a panorama of neural bases of vision and of training programs in organic neurovisual deficits. Front Integr Neurosci 2014; 8:89. [PMID: 25538575 PMCID: PMC4256986 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2014.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vision is a complex function, which is achieved by movements of the eyes to properly foveate targets at any location in 3D space and to continuously refresh neural information in the different visual pathways. The visual system involves five main routes originating in the retinas but varying in their destination within the brain: the occipital cortex, but also the superior colliculus (SC), the pretectum, the supra-chiasmatic nucleus, the nucleus of the optic tract and terminal dorsal, medial and lateral nuclei. Visual pathway architecture obeys systematization in sagittal and transversal planes so that visual information from left/right and upper/lower hemi-retinas, corresponding respectively to right/left and lower/upper visual fields, is processed ipsilaterally and ipsialtitudinally to hemi-retinas in left/right hemispheres and upper/lower fibers. Organic neurovisual deficits may occur at any level of this circuitry from the optic nerve to subcortical and cortical destinations, resulting in low or high-level visual deficits. In this didactic review article, we provide a panorama of the neural bases of eye movements and visual systems, and of related neurovisual deficits. Additionally, we briefly review the different schools of rehabilitation of organic neurovisual deficits, and show that whatever the emphasis is put on action or perception, benefits may be observed at both motor and perceptual levels. Given the extent of its neural bases in the brain, vision in its motor and perceptual aspects is also a useful tool to assess and modulate central nervous system (CNS) in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier A Coubard
- The Neuropsychological Laboratory, CNS-Fed Paris, France ; Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, UMR 8242 CNRS-Université Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Marika Urbanski
- Service de Médecine et de Réadaptation Gériatrique et Neurologique, Hôpitaux de Saint-Maurice Saint-Maurice, France ; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie UM 75, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris, France
| | - Clémence Bourlon
- Service de Médecine et de Réadaptation, Clinique Les Trois Soleils Boissise-le-Roi, France
| | - Marie Gaumet
- The Neuropsychological Laboratory, CNS-Fed Paris, France
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