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Yin W, Ma H, Qu Y, Ren J, Sun Y, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Exosomes: the next-generation therapeutic platform for ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1221-1235. [PMID: 39075892 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-02051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke fall short of the desired objective of neurological functional recovery. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new methods for the treatment of this condition. Exosomes are natural cell-derived vesicles that mediate signal transduction between cells under physiological and pathological conditions. They have low immunogenicity, good stability, high delivery efficiency, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. These physiological properties of exosomes have the potential to lead to new breakthroughs in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The rapid development of nanotechnology has advanced the application of engineered exosomes, which can effectively improve targeting ability, enhance therapeutic efficacy, and minimize the dosages needed. Advances in technology have also driven clinical translational research on exosomes. In this review, we describe the therapeutic effects of exosomes and their positive roles in current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke, including their anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, autophagy-regulation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and glial scar formation reduction effects. However, it is worth noting that, despite their significant therapeutic potential, there remains a dearth of standardized characterization methods and efficient isolation techniques capable of producing highly purified exosomes. Future optimization strategies should prioritize the exploration of suitable isolation techniques and the establishment of unified workflows to effectively harness exosomes for diagnostic or therapeutic applications in ischemic stroke. Ultimately, our review aims to summarize our understanding of exosome-based treatment prospects in ischemic stroke and foster innovative ideas for the development of exosome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongyin Ma
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Ren
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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Tian H, Tian F, Ma D, Xiao B, Ding Z, Zhai X, Song L, Ma C. Priming and Combined Strategies for the Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Ischemic Stroke: A Promising Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7127-7150. [PMID: 38366307 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration and mechanical thrombectomy are the main treatments but have a narrow time window. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are easily scalable in vitro and lack ethical concerns, possess the potential to differentiate into various types of cells and secrete a great number of growth factors for neuroprotection and regeneration. Moreover, MSCs have low immunogenicity and tumorigenic properties, showing safety and preliminary efficacy both in preclinical studies and clinical trials of IS. However, it is unlikely that MSC treatment alone will be sufficient to maximize recovery due to the low survival rate of transplanted cells and various mechanisms of ischemic brain damage in the different stages of IS. Preconditioning was used to facilitate the homing, survival, and secretion ability of the grafted MSCs in the ischemic region, while combination therapies are alternatives that can maximize the treatment effects, focusing on multiple therapeutic targets to promote stroke recovery. In this case, the combination therapy can yield a synergistic effect. In this review, we summarize the type of MSCs, preconditioning methods, and combined strategies as well as their therapeutic mechanism in the treatment of IS to accelerate the transformation from basic research to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Experimental Management Center, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 121, University Street, Higher Education Park, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dong Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Neurological Disease of Shanxi Provincial Health Commission, Sinopharm Tongmei General Hospital, Datong, 037003, China
| | - Baoguo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhibin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhai
- Experimental Management Center, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 121, University Street, Higher Education Park, Jinzhong, 030619, China
- School of Basic Medicine of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, 030619, China
| | - Lijuan Song
- Experimental Management Center, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 121, University Street, Higher Education Park, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
| | - Cungen Ma
- Experimental Management Center, The Key Research Laboratory of Benefiting Qi for Acting Blood Circulation Method to Treat Multiple Sclerosis of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No. 121, University Street, Higher Education Park, Jinzhong, 030619, China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Diseases, Medical School of Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China.
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Mao J, Li J, Chen J, Wen Q, Cao M, Zhang F, Li B, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Zhang J, Shen J. CXCL10 and Nrf2-upregulated mesenchymal stem cells reinvigorate T lymphocytes for combating glioblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007481. [PMID: 38056897 PMCID: PMC10711923 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes and concurrent T-cell dysfunction have been identified as major contributors to glioblastoma (GBM) immunotherapy resistance. Upregulating CXCL10 in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a promising immunotherapeutic approach that potentially increases tumor-infiltrating T cells and boosts T-cell activity but is lacking effective delivery methods. METHODS In this study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were transduced with a recombinant lentivirus encoding Cxcl10, Nrf2 (an anti-apoptosis gene), and a ferritin heavy chain (Fth) reporter gene in order to increase their CXCL10 secretion, TME survival, and MRI visibility. Using FTH-MRI guidance, these cells were injected into the tumor periphery of orthotopic GL261 and CT2A GBMs in mice. Combination therapy consisting of CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSC transplantation together with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) was also performed for CT2A GBMs. Thereafter, in vivo and serial MRI, survival analysis, and histology examinations were conducted to assess the treatments' efficacy and mechanism. RESULTS CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSCs exhibit enhanced T lymphocyte recruitment, oxidative stress tolerance, and iron accumulation. Under in vivo FTH-MRI guidance and monitoring, peritumoral transplantation of CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSCs remarkably inhibited orthotopic GL261 and CT2A tumor growth in C57BL6 mice and prolonged animal survival. While ICB alone demonstrated no therapeutic impact, CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSC transplantation combined with ICB demonstrated an enhanced anticancer effect for CT2A GBMs compared with transplanting it alone. Histology revealed that peritumorally injected CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSCs survived longer in the TME, increased CXCL10 production, and ultimately remodeled the TME by increasing CD8+ T cells, interferon-γ+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), GzmB+ CTLs, and Th1 cells while reducing regulatory T cells (Tregs), exhausted CD8+ and exhausted CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS MRI-guided peritumoral administration of CXCL10 and Nrf2-overexpressed MSCs can significantly limit GBM growth by revitalizing T lymphocytes within TME. The combination application of CXCL10-Nrf2-FTH-MSC transplantation and ICB therapy presents a potentially effective approach to treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Mao
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Cao
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoxun Li
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingzhong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Shan C, Xia Y, Wu Z, Zhao J. HIF-1α and periodontitis: Novel insights linking host-environment interplay to periodontal phenotypes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 184:50-78. [PMID: 37769974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, the sixth most prevalent epidemic disease globally, profoundly impacts oral aesthetics and masticatory functionality. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen-dependent transcriptional activator, has emerged as a pivotal regulator in periodontal tissue and alveolar bone metabolism, exerts critical functions in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, energy metabolism, and cell fate determination. Numerous essential phenotypes regulated by HIF are intricately associated with bone metabolism in periodontal tissues. Extensive investigations have highlighted the central role of HIF and its downstream target genes and pathways in the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Within this concise perspective, we comprehensively review the cellular phenotypic alterations and microenvironmental dynamics linking HIF to periodontitis. We analyze current research on the HIF pathway, elucidating its impact on bone repair and regeneration, while unraveling the involved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the potential application of targeted interventions aimed at HIF in the field of bone tissue regeneration engineering. This review expands our biological understanding of the intricate relationship between the HIF gene and bone angiogenesis in periodontitis and offers valuable insights for the development of innovative therapies to expedite bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shan
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - YuNing Xia
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Dentistry, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Affiliated Stomatology Hospital), Ürümqi, China; Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Institute of Stomatology, Ürümqi, China.
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Pluta R. The Dual Role of Autophagy in Postischemic Brain Neurodegeneration of Alzheimer's Disease Proteinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13793. [PMID: 37762096 PMCID: PMC10530906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-defense and self-degrading intracellular system involved in the recycling and elimination of the payload of cytoplasmic redundant components, aggregated or misfolded proteins and intracellular pathogens to maintain cell homeostasis and physiological function. Autophagy is activated in response to metabolic stress or starvation to maintain homeostasis in cells by updating organelles and dysfunctional proteins. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as cerebral ischemia, autophagy is disturbed, e.g., as a result of the pathological accumulation of proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease and their structural changes. Postischemic brain neurodegeneration, such as Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid and tau protein. After cerebral ischemia, autophagy was found to be activated in neuronal, glial and vascular cells. Some studies have shown the protective properties of autophagy in postischemic brain, while other studies have shown completely opposite properties. Thus, autophagy is now presented as a double-edged sword with possible therapeutic potential in brain ischemia. The exact role and regulatory pathways of autophagy that are involved in cerebral ischemia have not been conclusively elucidated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive look at the advances in the study of autophagy behavior in neuronal, glial and vascular cells for ischemic brain injury. In addition, the importance of autophagy in neurodegeneration after cerebral ischemia has been highlighted. The review also presents the possibility of modulating the autophagy machinery through various compounds on the development of neurodegeneration after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Pluta
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Wei H, Liu S, Wang T, Li Y, Liu K, Guo Q, Li L. FNDC5 inhibits autophagy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and promotes their survival after transplantation by downregulating Sp1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:336. [PMID: 37673870 PMCID: PMC10482879 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01634-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has great promise to achieve functional recovery in cerebral infarction patients. However, the survival rate of transplanted MSCs is extremely low because of destructive autophagy caused by the harsh ischemic microenvironment in cerebral infarct tissue. The mechanism by which fibronectin type III domain protein 5 (FNDC5) regulates autophagy of transplanted bone marrow-MSCs (BMSCs) following ischemic injury needs to be elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that FNDC5 promotes the survival of transplanted BMSCs in a rat cerebral infarction model. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis and verification experiments revealed the transcription factor, Sp1, to be a key mediator of autophagy regulation by FNDC5. FNDC5 significantly inhibited BMSC autophagy by down-regulating Sp1 and the autophagy-related Sp1-target gene, ULK2. Transplanted BMSCs overexpressing FNDC5 (BMSCs-OE-FNDC5) promoted neurovascular proliferation and alleviated ischemic brain injury in cerebral infarct model rats. However, the increased survival and enhanced neuroprotective effect of transplanted BMSCs-OE-FNDC5 were reversed by simultaneous overexpression of Sp1. Our data indicate a role for FNDC5 in BMSC survival and reveal a novel mechanism of transcription regulation through Sp1 for the autophagy-related gene ULK2. Modulation of FNDC5 may promote survival capacity and improve the therapeutic effect of BMSCs in various tissues following ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City; The Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuaiye Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City; The Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Neurology, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City; The Affiliated Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Kangmei Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhou H, He Y, Xiong W, Jing S, Duan X, Huang Z, Nahal GS, Peng Y, Li M, Zhu Y, Ye Q. MSC based gene delivery methods and strategies improve the therapeutic efficacy of neurological diseases. Bioact Mater 2023; 23:409-437. [PMCID: PMC9713256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Xie W, Zhu T, Zhang S, Sun X. Protective effects of Gypenoside XVII against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT1-FOXO3A- and Hif1a-BNIP3-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:622. [PMID: 36572901 PMCID: PMC9793669 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial autophagy maintains mitochondrial function and cellular homeostasis and plays a critical role in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Whether Gypenoside XVII (GP17) has regulatory effects on mitochondrial autophagy against CIRI remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacodynamic effects and mechanisms of GP17 on mitochondrial autophagy after CIRI. METHODS A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was used to assess the effects of GP17 against CIRI and to explore the underlying mechanisms. An oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cell model was used to verify the ameliorative effects on mitochondrial damage and to probe the autophagy pathways involved in combating neural injuries. RESULTS The in vivo results showed that GP17 significantly improved mitochondrial metabolic functions and suppressed cerebral ischemic injury, possibly via the autophagy pathway. Further research revealed that GP17 maintains moderate activation of autophagy under ischemic and OGD conditions, producing neuroprotective effects against CIRI, and that the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy is associated with crosstalk between the SIRT1-FOXO3A and Hif1a-BNIP3 signalling pathway that is partially eliminated by the specific inhibitors AGK-7 and 2-ME. CONCLUSION Overall, this work offers new insights into the mechanisms by which GP17 protects against CIRI and highlights the potential of therapy with Notoginseng leaf triterpene compounds as a novel clinical strategy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Shanghai Mental Health Centre, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Ting Zhu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Institute of Neuroregeneration & Neurorehabilitation, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China ,Key Laboratory of Material Basis and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.454878.20000 0004 5902 7793State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Efficacy evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in intervention of disorders of glucose and Lipid Metabolism, Beijing, 100193 China
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Wang Z, Cai Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Lin B, Zhao J, Zhang F, Li Y, Yang X, Lu L, Shuai X, Shen J. Upregulating HIF-1α to Boost the Survival of Neural Stem Cells via Functional Peptides-Complexed MRI-Visible Nanomedicine for Stroke Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201630. [PMID: 36148580 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been considered as a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the therapeutic prospect is limited by the poor control over the survival, migration, and maturation of transplanted NSCs. Upregulating hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression in stem cells can improve the survival and migration of NSCs grafted for stroke therapy. Functional peptide drugs, which could inhibit endogenous HIF-1α ubiquitination, might be used to effectively upregulate the HIF-1α expression in NSCs, thereby to improve the therapeutic effect in ischemia stroke. Herein, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-visible nanomedicine is developed to codeliver functional peptides and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles into NSCs. This nanomedicine not only promotes the survival and migration ability of NSCs but also allows an in vivo tracking of transplanted NSCs with MRI. The results demonstrate the great potential of the functional peptides-complexed multifunctional nanomedicine in boosting the therapeutic effect of stem cell-based therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yujun Cai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Bingling Lin
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Junya Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yunhua Li
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xieqing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Liejing Lu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- Nanomedicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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10
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Li X, Li L, Si X, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Zhang Y, Gu X, Huang J, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. The regulatory roles of circular RNAs via autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963508. [PMID: 36330428 PMCID: PMC9623297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe disease with a high disability, recurrence, and mortality rates. Autophagy, a highly conserved process that degrades damaged or aging organelles and excess cellular components to maintain homeostasis, is activated during IS. It influences the blood–brain barrier integrity and regulates apoptosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs involved in IS-induced autophagy and participate in various pathological processes following IS. In addition, they play a role in autophagy regulation. This review summarizes current evidence on the roles of autophagy and circRNA in IS and the potential mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate autophagy to influence IS injury. This review serves as a basis for the clinical application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhumei Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Congguo Yin
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Anwen Shao
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Lin Jiang
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11
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Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy Crosstalk: New Insights into Therapeutic Strategies for Ischemic Cerebral Vascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091747. [PMID: 36139821 PMCID: PMC9495910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent and has a complex etiology and variable pathophysiological activities. It thus poses a serious threat to human life and health. Currently, pathophysiological research on cerebrovascular diseases is gradually improving, and oxidative stress and autophagy have been identified as important pathophysiological activities that are gradually attracting increasing attention. Many studies have found some effects of oxidative stress and autophagy on cerebrovascular diseases, and studies on the crosstalk between the two in cerebrovascular diseases have made modest progress. However, further, more detailed studies are needed to determine the specific mechanisms. This review discusses nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) molecules, which are closely associated with oxidative stress and autophagy, and the crosstalk between them, with the aim of providing clues for studying the two important pathophysiological changes and their crosstalk in cerebrovascular diseases as well as exploring new target treatments.
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12
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Lei Q, Deng M, Liu J, He J, Lan Z, Hu Z, Xiao H. SRC3 Promotes the Protective Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation on Cerebral Ischemia in a Mouse Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:112-119. [PMID: 34875163 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the bone marrow (BM) are reported to protect against ischemic brain injury. This study aimed to investigate whether the steroid receptor cofactor 3 (SRC3) was involved in MSC-induced neuroprotection. BM-MSCs were isolated from wild-type (WT) and SRC3 knockout (SRC3-/-) mice and transplanted into mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The MSC identification and differentiation were determined by flow cytometry and Alizarin Red S staining after osteogenic and adipogenic stimulations. The effects of MSCs on brain injury were assessed by brain water content, modified neurological severity score (mNSS), Morris water maze test, and open field test. Finally, the effects of MSCs on MCAO-induced oxidative stress were assessed by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, and CAT. We found that SRC3 deficiency did not impact the MSC identification or osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. MSC-SRC3-/- transplantation in mice that underwent the MCAO procedure exhibited diminished effects on suppression of brain edema, neurological deficits, cognitive disruption, locomotor impairment, and anxiety compared to comparable levels of MSC-WT. Finally, MSC-WT transplantation inhibited MCAO-induced oxidative stress, and the effects were significantly attenuated in MCAO mice transplanted with MSC-SRC3-/-. MSCs suppressed the MCAO-induced upregulation of MDA activity and the inhibition of SOD, GSH, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT levels, and SRC3-deficient MSCs showed significantly reduced effects. Our results indicate that SRC3 plays an important role in mediating the neuroprotective effects of MSCs in mice that experienced ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lei
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyang Deng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Lan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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13
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Tang W, Zhang H, Liu D, Jiao F. Icariin accelerates cartilage defect repair by promoting chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs under conditions of oxygen-glucose deprivation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:202-215. [PMID: 34859578 PMCID: PMC8742234 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role played by combined ICA and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in repairing rabbit knee cartilage defects. Firstly, rabbit BMSCs were isolated and used to construct an in vitro cellular model of oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Subsequently, ICA processing, Alcian blue staining, immunofluorescence and Western blot studies were performed to evaluate the ability of BMSCs to display signs of chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, a rabbit knee cartilage injury model was established in vivo. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) macroscopic evaluations, H&E, Alcian blue and EdU staining, as well as immunohistochemistry, were analysed cartilage repair and pathological condition of the knee cartilage tissue. Our in vitro results showed that ICA promoted the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as well as aggrecan (AGR), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and COL2A1 protein expression in BMSCs. In vivo experiments showed that rabbits in the BMSCs or ICA treatment group had higher ICRS scores and displayed a better restoration of cartilage‐like tissue and chondrocyte expression on the surface of their cartilage defects. In conclusion, ICA or BMSCs alone could repair rabbit knee cartilage damage, and combined treatment with ICA and BMSCs showed a better ability to repair rabbit knee cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Tang
- Spinal Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Joint Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Spinal Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Joint Surgery, Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Jiang Y, Duan LJ, Fong GH. Oxygen-sensing mechanisms in development and tissue repair. Development 2021; 148:273632. [PMID: 34874450 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Under normoxia, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) α subunits are hydroxylated by PHDs (prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins) and subsequently undergo polyubiquitylation and degradation. Normal embryogenesis occurs under hypoxia, which suppresses PHD activities and allows HIFα to stabilize and regulate development. In this Primer, we explain molecular mechanisms of the oxygen-sensing pathway, summarize HIF-regulated downstream events, discuss loss-of-function phenotypes primarily in mouse development, and highlight clinical relevance to angiogenesis and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Jiang
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Li-Juan Duan
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Fong
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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15
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Lin J, Zheng Z, Liu J, Yang G, Leng L, Wang H, Qiu G, Wu Z. LRP5-Mediated Lipid Uptake Modulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:766815. [PMID: 34796178 PMCID: PMC8593169 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.766815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional microenvironment determines the specification of progenitor cells, and lipid availability was found to modulate osteogenesis in skeletal progenitors. Here, we investigated the implications of lipid scarcity in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and the role of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), a co-receptor transducing canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signals, in BMSC lipid uptake during osteogenesis. The osteogenic differentiation of murine BMSCs was suppressed by lipid scarcity and partially rescued by additional fatty acid treatment with oleate. The enhancement of osteogenesis by oleate was found to be dosage-dependent, along with the enhanced activation of beta-catenin and Wnt target genes. Conditional knockout (CKO) of Lrp5 gene in murine mesenchymal lineage using Lrp5fl/fl;Prrx1-cre mice led to decreased bone quality and altered fat distribution in vivo. After Lrp5 ablation using adenoviral Cre-recombinase, the accumulation of lipid droplets in BMSC cytoplasm was significantly reduced, and the osteogenesis of BMSCs was suppressed. Moreover, the impaired osteogenesis due to either lipid scarcity or Lrp5 ablation could be rescued by recombinant Wnt3a protein, indicating that the osteogenesis induced by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling was independent of LRP5-mediated lipid uptake. In conclusion, lipid scarcity suppresses BMSC osteogenic differentiation. LRP5 plays a role in the uptake of lipids in BMSCs and therefore mediates osteogenic specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Lin
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifa Zheng
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guihua Yang
- Harmony Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ling Leng
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guixing Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Medical Science Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Transplantation with Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: A Review of Recent Progress. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9929128. [PMID: 34490053 PMCID: PMC8418553 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9929128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is a common global disease that is characterized by a loss of neurological function and a poor prognosis in many patients. However, only a limited number of treatments are available for this condition at present. Given that the efficacies of these treatments tend to be poor, cerebral ischemia can create a significant burden on patients, families, and society. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation treatment has shown significant potential in animal models of ischemic stroke; however, the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have yet to be elucidated. Furthermore, clinical trials have yet to yield promising results. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify new methods to improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation as an optimal treatment for ischemic stroke. In this review, we provide an overview of recent scientific reports concerning novel strategies that promote MSC transplantation as an effective therapeutic approach, including physical approaches, chemical agents, traditional Chinese medicines and extracts, and genetic modification. Our analyses showed that two key factors need to be considered if we are to improve the efficacy of MSC transplantation treatments: survival ability and homing ability. We also highlight the importance of other significant mechanisms, including the enhanced activation of MSCs to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of permeability in the blood-brain barrier. Further in-depth investigations of the specific mechanisms underlying MSC transplantation treatment will help us to identify effective methods that improve the efficiency of MSC transplantation for ischemic stroke. The development of safer and more effective methods will facilitate the application of MSC transplantation as a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of poststroke brain damage.
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17
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Menshikov M, Zubkova E, Stafeev I, Parfyonova Y. Autophagy, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation, and Secretion. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091178. [PMID: 34572364 PMCID: PMC8467641 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells capable to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic directions, possessing immunomodulatory activity and a capability to stimulate angiogenesis. A scope of these features and capabilities makes MSC a significant factor of tissue homeostasis and repair. Among factors determining the fate of MSC, a prominent place belongs to autophagy, which is activated under different conditions including cell starvation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and some others. In addition to supporting cell homeostasis by elimination of protein aggregates, and non-functional and damaged proteins, autophagy is a necessary factor of change in cell phenotype on the process of cell differentiation. In present review, some mechanisms providing participation of autophagy in cell differentiation are discussed
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18
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Lucero García Rojas EY, Villanueva C, Bond RA. Hypoxia Inducible Factors as Central Players in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:709509. [PMID: 34447792 PMCID: PMC8382733 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.709509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the major cause of death in industrialized countries. The main function of the CV system is to deliver nutrients and oxygen to all tissues. During most CV pathologies, oxygen and nutrient delivery is decreased or completely halted. Several mechanisms, including increased oxygen transport and delivery, as well as increased blood flow are triggered to compensate for the hypoxic state. If the compensatory mechanisms fail to sufficiently correct the hypoxia, irreversible damage can occur. Thus, hypoxia plays a central role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of CV diseases. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) orchestrate the gene transcription for hundreds of proteins involved in erythropoiesis, glucose transport, angiogenesis, glycolytic metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling, cell proliferation and survival, among others. The overall regulation of the expression of HIF-dependent genes depends on the severity, duration, and location of hypoxia. In the present review, common CV diseases were selected to illustrate that HIFs, and proteins derived directly or indirectly from their stabilization and activation, are related to the development and perpetuation of hypoxia in these pathologies. We further classify CV diseases into acute and chronic hypoxic states to better understand the temporal relevance of HIFs in the pathogenesis, disease progression and clinical outcomes of these diseases. We conclude that HIFs and their derived factors are fundamental in the genesis and progression of CV diseases. Understanding these mechanisms will lead to more effective treatment strategies leading to reduced morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleva Villanueva
- Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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The Extracts of Angelica sinensis and Cinnamomum cassia from Oriental Medicinal Foods Regulate Inflammatory and Autophagic Pathways against Neural Injury after Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9663208. [PMID: 34257822 PMCID: PMC8257381 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9663208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study indicates inflammation and autophagy are closely related to neural apoptosis in the pathology of ischemic stroke. In the study, we investigate the effects and mechanisms of the extracts of Angelica sinensis and Cinnamomum cassia (AC) from oriental medicinal foods on inflammatory and autophagic pathways in rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model. Three doses of AC extract were, respectively, administered for 7 days. It suggests that AC extract treatment ameliorated scores of motor and sensory functions and ratio of glucose utilization in thalamic lesions in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of Iba1 was decreased and CD206 was increased by immunofluorescence staining, western blotting results showed expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated-IKKβ and IκBα, nuclear P65, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were downregulated, and Beclin 1 and LC3 II were upregulated. Low concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were presented by ELISA assay. Additionally, caspase 8 and cleaved caspase-3 expressions and the number of TUNEL positive cells in ipsilateral hemisphere were decreased, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased. Simultaneously, in LPS-induced BV2 cells, it showed nuclear P65 translocation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines were suppressed by AC extract-contained cerebrospinal fluid, and its intervened effects were similar to TLR4 siRNA treatment. Our study demonstrates that AC extract treatment attenuates inflammatory response and elevates autophagy against neural apoptosis, which contributes to the improvement of neurological function poststroke. Therefore, AC extract may be a novel neuroprotective agent by regulation of inflammatory and autophagic pathways for ischemic stroke treatment.
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20
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Progress in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Stroke. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9923566. [PMID: 34221026 PMCID: PMC8219421 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and disability worldwide. Despite the great efforts that have been made, the prognosis of patients with IS remains unsatisfactory. Notably, recent studies indicated that mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) therapy is becoming a novel research hotspot with large potential in treating multiple human diseases including IS. The current article is aimed at reviewing the progress of MSC treatment on IS. The mechanism of MSCs in the treatment of IS involved with immune regulation, neuroprotection, angiogenesis, and neural circuit reconstruction. In addition, nutritional cytokines, mitochondria, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) may be the main mediators of the therapeutic effect of MSCs. Transplantation of MSCs-derived EVs (MSCs-EVs) affords a better neuroprotective against IS when compared with transplantation of MSCs alone. MSC therapy can prolong the treatment time window of ischemic stroke, and early administration within 7 days after stroke may be the best treatment opportunity. The deliver routine consists of intraventricular, intravascular, intranasal, and intraperitoneal. Furthermore, several methods such as hypoxic preconditioning and gene technology could increase the homing and survival ability of MSCs after transplantation. In addition, MSCs combined with some drugs or physical therapy measures also show better neurological improvement. These data supported the notion that MSC therapy might be a promising therapeutic strategy for IS. And the application of new technology will promote MSC therapy of IS.
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21
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Liu J, Gong Z, Wu J, Liu S, Wang X, Wang J, Xu J, Li J, Zhao Y. Hypoxic postconditioning-induced neuroprotection increases neuronal autophagy via activation of the SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway in rats with global cerebral ischemia. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:695. [PMID: 33986859 PMCID: PMC8111876 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic postconditioning (HPC) has been reported to be a beneficial and promising treatment for global cerebral ischemia (GCI). However, its neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the protective effects of HPC in a rat model of GCI were due to the upregulation of autophagy via the silent information regulator transcript-1 (SIRT1)/Forkhead box protein 1 (FoxO1) pathway. Morris water maze test revealed that HPC attenuated cognitive damage in GCI rats. HPC also significantly increased the levels of the autophagy-related protein LC3-II, SIRT1 and FoxO1 compared with those in the GCI group. However, the HPC-induced LC3-II upregulation was blocked by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. These results suggested that the beneficial effects of HPC on GCI rats were due to the upregulation of ischemiainduced autophagy and involved the SIRT1/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Zehua Gong
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wu
- College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Shaopeng Liu
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Li
- College of Clinical Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yaning Zhao
- College of Nursing and Rehabilitation, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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22
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Zhang Z, Zou X, Zhang R, Xie Y, Feng Z, Li F, Han J, Sun H, Ouyang Q, Hua S, Lv B, Hua T, Liu Z, Cai Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Jiang X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-146a-5p reduces microglial-mediated neuroinflammation via suppression of the IRAK1/TRAF6 signaling pathway after ischemic stroke. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3060-3079. [PMID: 33479185 PMCID: PMC7880318 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of action of transplanted stem cells and develop exosome-based nanotherapeutics for ischemic stroke, we assessed the effect of exosomes (Exos) produced by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke. Our results found that injected hUMSC-Exos were able to access the site of ischemic damage and could be internalized by cells both in vivo and in vitro. In vitro, treatment with hUMSC-Exos attenuated microglia-mediated inflammation after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). In vivo results demonstrated that treatment with hUMSC-Exos significantly reduced infarct volume, attenuated behavioral deficits, and ameliorated microglia activation, as measured three days post-transient brain ischemia. Furthermore, miR-146a-5p knockdown (miR-146a-5p k/d Exos) partially reversed the neuroprotective effect of hUMSC-Exos. Our mechanistic study demonstrated that miR-146a-5p in hUMSC-Exos reduces microglial-mediated neuroinflammatory response through IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway. We conclude that miR-146a-5p derived from hUMSC-Exos can attenuate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and consequent neural deficits following ischemic stroke. These results elucidate a potential therapeutic mechanism of action of mesenchymal stem cells and provide evidence that hUMSC-Exos represent a potential cell-free therapeutic option for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiting Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingke Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhizheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Overexpression of HIF-1alpha in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the Repair of Mandibular Condylar Osteochondral Defect in a Rabbit Model. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:345.e1-345.e15. [PMID: 33171116 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The self-repair ability of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage is limited. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) may induce stem cells to promote chondrogenic repair. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of HIF-1alpha overexpression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with collagen scaffolds on the repair of TMJ condylar osteochondral defects in a rabbit model. METHODS Osteochondral defects of 3-mm diameter × 2-mm depth were created at the right side of the mandibular condyle in 40 New Zealand white rabbits. The defect sites were treated with simple empty, collagen scaffolds (COL), BMSCs/COL, and HIF-1alpha overexpression BMSCs/COL groups. The histomorphologic features of condylar cartilage were monitored by gross examination, safranin O-fast green staining (Solarbio, Beijing, China), and immunohistochemical staining. The changes in subchondral bone were examined by microcomputed tomography. Immunofluorescence staining was used to trace the transplanted BMSCs in vivo. RESULTS At 12 weeks postimplantation, histologic staining showed that the osteochondral defects in the simple empty and COL groups were mainly filled with fibrous tissue, whereas the BMSCs/COL and HIF-1alpha overexpression BMSCs/COL groups repaired the defect with fibrocartilage. Furthermore, the cartilage was better organized in the HIF-1alpha overexpression BMSCs/COL group compared with the BMSCs/COL group. Microcomputed tomography showed that osteochondral defects can cause abnormal hyperosteogeny in subchondral bone, and the transplantation of BMSCs, especially HIF-1alpha overexpression BMSCs, may alleviate osteosclerosis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that HIF-1alpha overexpression can promote the survival of transplanted BMSCs. CONCLUSIONS The transplantation of HIF-1alpha overexpression BMSCs combined with a COL scaffold promotes cartilaginous repair of condylar cartilage and inhibits subchondral bone sclerosis in TMJ condylar osteochondral defect rabbits.
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Wang D, Wang L, Bai L, Du Y, Liu L, Chen X. Effects of Inhibition of miR-155-5p in Neural Stem Cell Subarachnoid Transplant on Rats with Cerebral Infarction. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2020; 30:184-193. [PMID: 31618139 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2019.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral infarction is a leading cause of death, which calls for effective prevention and treatment. Transplant of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a potential therapeutic treatment to cerebral infarction although its efficacy still needs to be improved. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to enhance the protective effects of stem cell transplant on cerebral infarction. The expression of HIF-1α is predicted to be regulated by miR-155-5p. Therefore, we regulated the expression of miR-155-5p in NSCs and evaluated the effects of miR-155-5p-regulated NSC transplant on cerebral infarction. We inhibited miR-155-5p expression in NSCs by overexpressing miR-155-5p inhibitor. HIF-1α expression, cell viability, and the expression of apoptosis markers were examined. We established the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model, and the infarct volume, neurobehavioral outcomes, inflammation, and oxidative stress were evaluated after NSC transplant. miR-155-5p directly targeted HIF-1α and negatively regulated its expression. Inhibition of miR-155-5p enhanced cell viability and prevented cell apoptosis. Transplant of miR-155-5p-inhibited NSCs significantly decreased infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral outcomes of MCAO rats. Transplant of miR-155-5p-inhibited NSCs significantly inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress. Inhibition of miR-155-5p in NSCs resulted in enhanced protection against cerebral infarction after NSC transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luji Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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25
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Zhang J, Li Z, Liu W, Zeng W, Duan C, He X. Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on the recovery of neurological functions and the expression of Nogo-A, NgR, Rhoa, and ROCK in rats with experimentally-induced convalescent cerebral ischemia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:390. [PMID: 32355834 PMCID: PMC7186734 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate the effects of intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on neurological function in rats with experimentally-induced convalescent cerebral ischemia and the expression of Nogo-A, NgR, Rhoa, and ROCK expression. Methods BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro using the whole bone marrow adherent method. Eighty-one adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided at random into three groups: the sham-operated group, the cerebral ischemia group, and the BMSC treatment group (n=27 rats per group). In the latter two groups, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was performed by the modified Zea Longa method. After MCAO, rats in the sham-operated and cerebral ischemic groups were injected with 1 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) via the tail vein. In the BMSC-treatment group, 1 mL of the BMSC suspension (containing 3×106 BMSCs) was injected through the rats’ femoral vein. At 12, 24, and 72 h after BMSC transplantation, modified neurological deficit scores (mNSS) were used to assess neurological function. TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) staining was used to measure the ischemic lesion volume, and the distribution of Nogo-A protein was observed by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, Rhoa, and ROCK were detected by Western blot. Results At 72 h after BMSC transplantation, the mNSS scores were significantly lower in the BMSC treatment group than those in the cerebral ischemia group (7.50±0.55 vs. 8.67±0.52, P<0.01), and the ischemic lesions volume was significantly reduced. The expressions of Nogo-A, NgR, RhoA, and ROCK were significantly decreased compared with the controls (P<0.05). Conclusions The transplantation of BMSCs can improve neurological function in rats after convalescent cerebral ischemia, and their therapeutic effect may be related to the downregulation of Nogo-A, NgR, RhoA, and ROCK expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Wenxian Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Chuanzhi Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xuying He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Southern Medical University, Zhujiang Hospital, Guangzhou 510282, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Nan LP, Wang F, Zhou SF, Wang JC, Feng XM, Zhang L. The effect of high glucose on the biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:130-140. [PMID: 31957071 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a dependent risk factor in the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). High glucose supply has negative effects on nucleus pulpous (NP) cell and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology. However, the effect of hyperglycaemia on the biological characterization of nucleus pulpous-derived mesenchymal stem cell (NPMSC) has not been investigated previously. Therefore, further exploration of the effects of DM-associated hyperglycaemia on NPMSC biology is important to better understand and develop endogenous repair strategies of DM patient-associated IVDD. Therefore, the cell biological characteristics were compared between NPMSC cultured in media with low glucose concentration (LG-NPMSC) and high glucose concentration (HG-NPMSC). The results demonstrated that HG-NPMSC showed significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and wound-healing capability compared with those of LG-NPMSC. HG-NPMSC also showed significantly decreased expressions of stemness genes and mRNA and protein expressions of silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1), SIRT6, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), whereas increased cell apoptosis, cell senescence and caspase-3 expression. These results suggest that high glucose may decrease proliferation and stemness maintenance ability and increase apoptosis and senescence of NPMSC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: We found that high glucose concentration significantly decreased cell proliferation, colony formation ability, migration and wound-healing capability of nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, high glucose cultured nucleus pulposus-derived mesenchymal stem cells showed significantly decreased expression of stemness genes, related mRNA and protein, whereas increased cell apoptosis, cell senescence and expression of caspase-3. The present study indicated that better control of high concentration glucose in the early stage of diabetes mellitus should be recommended to prevent or limit intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Wu K, Huang D, Zhu C, Kasanga EA, Zhang Y, Yu E, Zhang H, Ni Z, Ye S, Zhang C, Hu J, Zhuge Q, Yang J. NT3 P75-2 gene-modified bone mesenchymal stem cells improve neurological function recovery in mouse TBI model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:311. [PMID: 31651375 PMCID: PMC6814101 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The attainment of extensive neurological function recovery remains the key challenge for the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has been shown to improve neurological function recovery after TBI. However, the survival of BMSCs after transplantation in early-stage TBI is limited, and much is unknown about the mechanisms mediating this neurological function recovery. Secretion of neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin 3 (NT3), is one of the critical factors mediating BMSC neurological function recovery. Gene mutation of NT3 (NT3P75-2) has been shown to enhance the biological function of NT3 via the reduction of the activation of the P75 signal pathway. Thus, we investigated whether NT3P75-2 gene-modified BMSCs could enhance the survival of BMSCs and further improve neurological function recovery after TBI. METHODS The ability of NT3P75-2 induction to improve cell growth rate of NSC-34 and PC12 cells in vitro was first determined. BMSCs were then infected with three different lentiviruses (green fluorescent protein (GFP), GFP-NT3, or GFP-NT3P75-2), which stably express GFP, GFP-NT3, or GFP-NT3P75-2. At 24 h post-TBI induction in mice, GFP-labeled BMSCs were locally transplanted into the lesion site. Immunofluorescence and histopathology were performed at 1, 3, and/or 7 days after transplantation to evaluate the survival of BMSCs as well as the lesion volume. A modified neurological severity scoring system and the rotarod test were chosen to evaluate the functional recovery of the mice. Cell growth rate, glial activation, and signaling pathway analyses were performed to determine the potential mechanisms of NT3P75-2 in functional recovery after TBI. RESULTS Overall, NT3P75-2 improved cell growth rate of NSC-34 and PC12 cells in vitro. In addition, NT3P75-2 significantly improved the survival of transplanted BMSCs and neurological function recovery after TBI. Overexpression of NT3P75-2 led to a significant reduction in the activation of glial cells, brain water content, and brain lesion volume after TBI. This was associated with a reduced activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR) and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal pathway due to the low affinity of NT3P75-2 for the receptor. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that administration of NT3P75-2 gene-modified BMSCs dramatically improves neurological function recovery after TBI by increasing the survival of BMSCs and ameliorating the inflammatory environment, providing a new promising treatment strategy for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Can Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Ella A Kasanga
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Enxing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhihui Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China. .,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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28
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Wang D, Wang L, Bai L, Du Y, Liu L, Chen X. Effects of inhibition of miR-155-5p in neural stem cell subarachnoid transplant on rats with cerebral infarction. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 71213, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China, 050000
| | - Liang Wang
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 71213, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 71213, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 71213, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Luji Liu
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 71213, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 71213, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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29
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Inhibition of miR-497 improves functional outcome after ischemic stroke by enhancing neuronal autophagy in young and aged rats. Neurochem Int 2019; 127:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Liu Y, Li Y, Huang ZN, Wang ZY, Nan LP, Wang F, Zhou SF, Wang JC, Feng XM, Zhang L. The effect of intervertebral disc degenerative change on biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cell: an in vitro study in rats. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:376-388. [PMID: 31119993 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1570168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the change on biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived from normal and degenerative intervertebral disc (IVD). Methods: MSC was isolated from normal and degenerative IVD rat model. Immunophenotype detected by flow cytometric analysis, expression of stemness genes determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation were compared between MSC derived from normal IVD (N-NPMSC) and degenerative IVD (D-NPMSC). The biological characteristics including cell proliferation, colony formation, apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and mRNA and protein expressions of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), silent information regulator protein 1 (SIRT1) and silent information regulator protein 6 (SIRT6) were compared between N-NPMSC and D-NPMSC. Results: Both of N-NPMSC and D-NPMSC highly expressed CD105, CD90 and CD73, and lower expressed CD34 and CD45. There was no significant difference in cell morphology and multipotent differentiation ability between N-NPMSC and D-NPMSC. D-NPMSC showed significantly lower expressions of stemness genes, cell proliferation and colony formation ability. D-NPMSC also exhibited increased cell apoptosis rate and caspase-3 expression, and significantly lower expressions of HIF-1α, GLUT-1, VEGF, SIRT1 and SIRT6 in mRNA and protein levels compared with N-NPMSC. Conclusions: N-NPMSC showed significantly higher proliferation rate, better colony forming and stemness maintenance ability, whereas reduced cell apoptosis rate compared with D-NPMSC. HIF-1α-mediated signal pathway may be involved in the regulation of NPMSC proliferation. These findings indicated that degenerative change of IVD should be taken into account when selecting a source of NPMSC for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- a Department of Orthopedics , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Yan Li
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Ze-Nan Huang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yu Wang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Nan
- a Department of Orthopedics , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Feng Wang
- a Department of Orthopedics , Dalian Medical University , Dalian , Liaoning , China
| | - Shi-Feng Zhou
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Cheng Wang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Min Feng
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhang
- c Department of Orthopedics , Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
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31
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Vaes JEG, Vink MA, de Theije CGM, Hoebeek FE, Benders MJNL, Nijboer CHA. The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy to Repair White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants: Lessons Learned From Experimental Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:540. [PMID: 31143126 PMCID: PMC6521595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse white matter injury (dWMI) is a major cause of morbidity in the extremely preterm born infant leading to life-long neurological impairments, including deficits in cognitive, motor, sensory, psychological, and behavioral functioning. At present, no treatment options are clinically available to combat dWMI and therefore exploration of novel strategies is urgently needed. In recent years, the pathophysiology underlying dWMI has slowly started to be unraveled, pointing towards the disturbed maturation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) as a key mechanism. Immature OL precursor cells in the developing brain are believed to be highly sensitive to perinatal inflammation and cerebral oxygen fluctuations, leading to impaired OL differentiation and eventually myelination failure. OL lineage development under normal and pathological circumstances and the process of (re)myelination have been studied extensively over the years, often in the context of other adult and pediatric white matter pathologies such as stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Various studies have proposed stem cell-based therapeutic strategies to boost white matter regeneration as a potential strategy against a wide range of neurological diseases. In this review we will discuss experimental studies focusing on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy to reduce white matter injury (WMI) in multiple adult and neonatal neurological diseases. What lessons have been learned from these previous studies and how can we translate this knowledge to application of MSCs for the injured white matter in the preterm infant? A perspective on the current state of stem cell therapy will be given and we will discuss different important considerations of MSCs including cellular sources, timing of treatment and administration routes. Furthermore, we reflect on optimization strategies that could potentially reinforce stem cell therapy, including preconditioning and genetic engineering of stem cells or using cell-free stem cell products, to optimize cell-based strategy for vulnerable preterm infants in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josine E G Vaes
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marit A Vink
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Caroline G M de Theije
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Freek E Hoebeek
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Manon J N L Benders
- Department of Neonatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cora H A Nijboer
- NIDOD Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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32
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Hu C, Zhao L, Wu D, Li L. Modulating autophagy in mesenchymal stem cells effectively protects against hypoxia- or ischemia-induced injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30995935 PMCID: PMC6471960 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a basal level of autophagy, a self-eating cellular process, degrades cytosolic proteins and subcellular organelles in lysosomes to provide energy, recycles the cytoplasmic components, and regenerates cellular building blocks; thus, autophagy maintains cellular and tissue homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells. In general, adaptive autophagy increases when cells confront stressful conditions to improve the survival rate of the cells, while destructive autophagy is activated when the cellular stress is not manageable and elicits the regenerative capacity. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury and ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury initiate excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequently induce a string of damage in mammalian tissues or organs. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has yielded promising results in repairing H/R- or I/R-induced injury in various tissues. However, MSC transplantation in vivo must overcome the barriers including the low survival rate of transplanted stem cells, limited targeting capacity, and low grafting potency; therefore, much effort is needed to increase the survival and activity of MSCs in vivo. Modulating autophagy regulates the stemness and the anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, and pro-survival capacity of MSCs and can be applied to MSC-based therapy for repairing H/R- or I/R-induced cellular or tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daxian Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Ouyang Q, Li F, Xie Y, Han J, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Su D, Zou X, Cai Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Jiang X. Meta-Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapies for Ischemic Stroke in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:497-514. [PMID: 30739594 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhuang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao M, Li XW, Chen DZ, Hao F, Tao SX, Yu HY, Cheng R, Liu H. Neuro-Protective Role of Metformin in Patients with Acute Stroke and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via AMPK/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2186-2194. [PMID: 30905926 PMCID: PMC6442495 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of metformin on neurological function and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with acute stroke. Material/Methods We randomly assigned 80 acute stroke patients to 2 groups: the metformin combined group and the insulin group. Each group had 40 patients and all were treated with standard stroke treatment. The indexes of nervous functional score and oxidative stress were measured before and 2 weeks after treatment. The primary fetal rat hippocampal neurons were gradually matured after 7 days of culture, and divided into the control group (Con), the oxygen-glucose deprivation model group (Mod), and the metformin group (Met). In the Met group, 10 mmol/L metformin was added, and the Con group and the Mod group received equal volumes of cell culture fluid. Cell viability, cell apoptosis rate, and the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, AMPK, pAMPK and mTOR were detected; MDA content and SOD activity were also detected. Results Before treatment, there was no difference in the metrical indexes between the 2 groups. After treatment, the treatment group was better than the control group in neurological function scores and multiple oxidative stress-related indicators. The experimental results of primary fetal rat hippocampal neuronal cells suggest that this mechanism of improvement is closely related to the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions Metformin can improve the neurological function and oxidative stress status of acute stroke patients with type 2 diabetes, and its mechanism may be related to the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Wan Li
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - De Z Chen
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fang Hao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shu X Tao
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Yan Yu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Rui Cheng
- Government Clinics of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong, China (mainland)
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Sun Y, Zhu Y, Zhong X, Chen X, Wang J, Ying G. Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Cerebral Ischemia. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:1022. [PMID: 30692904 PMCID: PMC6339887 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the use of advanced electron microscopy and molecular biology tools, several studies have shown that autophagy is involved in the development of ischemic stroke. A series of molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of autophagy. In this work, the possible molecular mechanisms involved in autophagy during ischemic stroke were reviewed and new potential targets for the study and treatment of ischemic stroke were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Yuanhan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xinle Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Guozheng Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Rongjun Hospital, Jiaxing, China
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Zhang H, Wang ZJ, Wang LJ, Li TT, He S, Li LP, Li XY, Liu SJ, Li JD, Li SJ, Zhang RP. A dual-mode nanoparticle based on natural biomaterials for photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vivo. RSC Adv 2019; 9:35003-35010. [PMID: 35530687 PMCID: PMC9074133 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05937g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell imaging in vivo is critical to elucidate the homing, distribution, survival, and repair mechanisms and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of engrafted stem cells. Unfortunately, unimodal imaging of stem cells does not simultaneously satisfy all current requirements owing to their intrinsic limitations. Obviously, bimodal or multimodal imaging of stem cells is a promising strategy for circumventing this issue. This study aimed to design and synthesize a novel dual-modal polyethylene glycol-modified magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3+-PEG-MNP) based on natural biomaterials including melanin and Fe ions for photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of stem cells in vivo. The Fe3+-PEG-MNPs were characterized and their PA/MR imaging capability and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) labeled with Fe3+-PEG-MNPs were subjected to PA and MR imaging in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, Fe3+-PEG-MNPs displayed many superior properties, including ultra-small particle size, higher stability, water solubility, easy labeling of cells, lower cytotoxicity, high biosafety, excellent capability of PA/MR imaging, high sensitivity and long-term monitoring in vitro and in vivo. In particular, PA and MR signals of labeled BM-MSCs were maintained for at least 35 and 28 d, respectively, in vivo. Therefore, Fe3+-PEG-MNPs are ideal dual-modal PA/MR nanoparticles for non-invasive and effective monitoring of engrafted stem cells in vivo. Stem cell imaging in vivo is critical to elucidate the homing, distribution, survival, and repair mechanisms and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of engrafted stem cells.![]()
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Degradation of TRPML1 in Neurons Reduces Neuron Survival in Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4612727. [PMID: 30662583 PMCID: PMC6312622 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4612727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Postcardiac arrest syndrome yields poor neurological outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying this condition remain poorly understood. Autophagy plays an important role in neuronal apoptosis induced by ischemia. However, whether autophagy is involved in neuron apoptosis induced by cardiac arrest has been less studied. This study found that TRPML1 participates in cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury. Primary neurons were isolated and treated with mucolipin synthetic agonist 1 (ML-SA1), as well as infected with the recombinant lentivirus TRPML1 overexpression vector in vitro. ML-SA1 was delivered intracerebroventricularly in transient global ischemia model. Protein expression levels were determined by western blot. Neurological deficit score and the infarct volume were analyzed for the detection of neuronal damage. We found that TRPML1 was significantly downregulated in vivo and in vitro ischemic reperfusion model. We also observed that TRPML1 overexpression or treatment with the ML-SA1 attenuated neuronal death in primary neurons and ameliorated neurological dysfunction in vivo. Our findings suggested that autophagy and apoptosis were activated after transient global ischemia. Administration of ML-SA1 before transient global ischemia ameliorated neurological dysfunction possibly through the promotion of autophagy and the inhibition of apoptosis.
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Dorsal Root Ganglion Maintains Stemness of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in a Coculture System. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8478953. [PMID: 30363977 PMCID: PMC6186314 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8478953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies found that sensory nerve tracts implanted in tissue-engineered bone (TEB) could result in better osteogenesis. To explore the mechanism of the sensory nerve promoting osteogenesis in TEB in vitro, a transwell coculture experiment was designed between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSC proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay, and osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic differentiation were assessed by alizarin red, alcian blue, and oil red staining. We found that the proliferation and multipotent differentiation of BMSCs were all enhanced in the coculture group compared to the BMSCs group. Crystal violet staining showed that the clone-forming ability of BMSCs in the coculture group was also enhanced and mRNA levels of Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4 were significantly upregulated in the coculture group. Moreover, the autophagy level of BMSCs, regulating their stemness, was promoted in the coculture group, mediated by the AMPK/mTOR pathway. In addition, AMPK inhibitor compound C could significantly downregulate the protein expression of LC3 and the mRNA level of stemness genes in the coculture group. Finally, we found that the NK1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, could partly block this effect, which indicated that substance P played an important role in the effect. Together, we conclude that DRG could maintain the stemness of BMSCs by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a transwell coculture system, which may help explain the better osteogenesis after implantation of the sensory nerve into TEB.
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Wang P, Shao BZ, Deng Z, Chen S, Yue Z, Miao CY. Autophagy in ischemic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:98-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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40
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Zhou Y, Tsai TL, Li WJ. Strategies to retain properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ex vivo. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1409:3-17. [PMID: 28984359 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively used for cell therapies and tissue engineering. The current MSC strategy requires a large quantity of cells for such applications, which can be achieved through cell expansion in culture. In the body, stem cell fate is largely determined by their microenvironment, known as the niche. The complex and dynamic stem cell niche provides physical, mechanical, and chemical cues to collaboratively regulate cell activities. It remains a great challenge to maintain the properties of MSCs in culture. Constructing a microenvironment as an engineered stem cell niche in culture to maintain MSC phenotypes, properties, and functions is a viable strategy to address the issue. Here, we review the current understanding of MSC behavior in the bone marrow niche, describe different strategies to engineer an in vitro microenvironment for maintaining MSC properties and functions, and discuss previous findings on environmental factors critical to the modulation of MSC activities in engineered microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms and Tracking of Transplanted Stem Cells: Implications for Stroke Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2707082. [PMID: 28904531 PMCID: PMC5585684 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2707082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising potential therapeutic strategy to treat cerebral ischemia in preclinical and clinical trials. Currently proposed treatments for stroke employing stem cells include the replacement of lost neurons and integration into the existing host circuitry, the release of growth factors to support and promote endogenous repair processes, and the secretion of extracellular vesicles containing proteins, noncoding RNA, or DNA to regulate gene expression in recipient cells and achieve immunomodulation. Progress has been made to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy and the homing, migration, distribution, and differentiation of transplanted stem cells in vivo using various imaging modalities. Noninvasive and safe tracer agents with high sensitivity and image resolution must be combined with long-term monitoring using imaging technology to determine the optimal therapy for stroke in terms of administration route, dosage, and timing. This review discusses potential therapeutic mechanisms of stem cell transplantation for the treatment of stroke and the limitations of current therapies. Methods to label transplanted cells and existing imaging systems for stem cell labeling and in vivo tracking will also be discussed.
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