1
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Fletcher-Jones A, Spackman E, Craig TJ, Nakamura Y, Wilkinson KA, Henley JM. SGIP1 binding to the α-helical H9 domain of cannabinoid receptor 1 promotes axonal surface expression. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261551. [PMID: 38864427 PMCID: PMC11213518 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signalling mediated by cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R, also known as CNR1) is critical for homeostatic neuromodulation of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. This requires highly polarised axonal surface expression of CB1R, but how this is achieved remains unclear. We previously reported that the α-helical H9 domain in the intracellular C terminus of CB1R contributes to axonal surface expression by an unknown mechanism. Here, we show in rat primary neuronal cultures that the H9 domain binds to the endocytic adaptor protein SGIP1 to promote CB1R expression in the axonal membrane. Overexpression of SGIP1 increases CB1R axonal surface localisation but has no effect on CB1R lacking the H9 domain (CB1RΔH9). Conversely, SGIP1 knockdown reduces axonal surface expression of CB1R but does not affect CB1RΔH9. Furthermore, SGIP1 knockdown diminishes CB1R-mediated inhibition of presynaptic Ca2+ influx in response to neuronal activity. Taken together, these data advance mechanistic understanding of endocannabinoid signalling by demonstrating that SGIP1 interaction with the H9 domain underpins axonal CB1R surface expression to regulate presynaptic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fletcher-Jones
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Ellen Spackman
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Tim J. Craig
- School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Kevin A. Wilkinson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jeremy M. Henley
- School of Biochemistry, Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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2
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Durydivka O, Mackie K, Blahos J. SGIP1 in axons prevents internalization of desensitized CB1R and modifies its function. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1213094. [PMID: 37547151 PMCID: PMC10397514 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1213094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) is preferentially expressed in axons where it has a unique property, namely resistance to agonist-driven endocytosis. This review aims to summarize what we know about molecular mechanisms of CB1R cell surface stability in axonal compartments, how these impact CB1R signaling, and to consider their physiological consequences. This review then focuses on a potential candidate for maintaining axonal CB1R at the cell surface, Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like endophilin interacting protein 1 (SGIP1). SGIP1 may contribute to the polarized distribution of CB1R and modify its signaling in axons. In addition, deletion of SGIP1 results in discrete behavioral changes in modalities controlled by the endocannabinoid system in vivo. Several drugs acting directly via CB1R have important therapeutic potential, however their adverse effects limit their clinical use. Future studies might reveal chemical approaches to target the SGIP1-CB1R interaction, with the aim to exploit the endocannabinoid system pharmaceutically in a discrete way, with minimized undesired consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Durydivka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jaroslav Blahos
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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3
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Krishna Kumar K, Robertson MJ, Thadhani E, Wang H, Suomivuori CM, Powers AS, Ji L, Nikas SP, Dror RO, Inoue A, Makriyannis A, Skiniotis G, Kobilka B. Structural basis for activation of CB1 by an endocannabinoid analog. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2672. [PMID: 37160876 PMCID: PMC10169858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous ligands of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates a number of therapeutically relevant physiological responses. Hence, understanding the structural and functional consequences of eCB-CB1 interactions has important implications for designing effective drugs targeting this receptor. To characterize the molecular details of eCB interaction with CB1, we utilized AMG315, an analog of the eCB anandamide to determine the structure of the AMG315-bound CB1 signaling complex. Compared to previous structures, the ligand binding pocket shows some differences. Using docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and signaling assays we investigated the functional consequences of ligand interactions with the "toggle switch" residues F2003.36 and W3566.48. Further, we show that ligand-TM2 interactions drive changes to residues on the intracellular side of TM2 and are a determinant of efficacy in activating G protein. These intracellular TM2 rearrangements are unique to CB1 and are exploited by a CB1-specific allosteric modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaavya Krishna Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Robertson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elina Thadhani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Haoqing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Carl-Mikael Suomivuori
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexander S Powers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lipin Ji
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Spyros P Nikas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Department of Photon Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Brian Kobilka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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4
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Díaz O, Renault P, Giraldo J. Evaluating Allosteric Perturbations in Cannabinoid Receptor 1 by In Silico Single-Point Mutation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37873-37884. [PMID: 36312415 PMCID: PMC9608382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a promising drug target involved in many physiological processes. Using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we examined the structural effect of F237L mutation on CB1, a mutation that has qualitatively similar effects to allosteric ligand ORG27569 binding. This mutation showed a global effect on CB1 conformations. Among the observed effects, TM6 outward movement and the conformational change of the NPxxY motif upon receptor activation by CB1 agonist CP55940 were hindered compared to wt CB1. Within the orthosteric binding site, CP55940 interactions with CB1 were altered. Our results revealed that allosteric perturbations introduced by the mutation had a global impact on receptor conformations, suggesting that the mutation site is a key region for allosteric modulation in CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Díaz
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística
and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación
Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unitat
de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari,
Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí
(I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Pedro Renault
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística
and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación
Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unitat
de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari,
Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí
(I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística
and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación
Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unitat
de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari,
Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí
(I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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5
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Accialini P, Abán C, Etcheverry T, Negri Malbrán M, Leguizamón G, Herlax V, Maté S, Farina M. Anandamide Exerts a Differential Effect on Human Placenta Before and After the Onset of Labor. Front Physiol 2021; 12:667367. [PMID: 34093231 PMCID: PMC8176211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.667367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of labor involves the action of multiple factors and recent reports have postulated the endocannabinoid system as a new regulator of this process. Our objective was to study the role of anandamide, one of the main endocannabinoids, on the regulation of placental molecules that contribute to the onset of labor at term. Placental samples were obtained from patients with laboring vaginal deliveries and from non-laboring elective cesarean sections. Vaginal delivery placentas produced higher prostaglandins levels than cesarean section samples. Besides, no differences were observed in NOS basal activity between groups. Incubation of vaginal delivery placentas with anandamide increased prostaglandins concentration and decreased NOS activity. Antagonism of type-1cannabinoid receptor (CB1) did not alter the effect observed on NOS activity. Conversely, incubation of cesarean section placentas with anandamide reduced prostaglandins levels and enhanced NOS activity, the latter involving the participation of CB1. Furthermore, we observed a differential expression of the main components of the endocannabinoid system between placental samples, being the change in CB1 localization the most relevant finding. Our results suggest that anandamide acts as a modulator of the signals that regulate labor, exerting differential actions depending on CB1 localization in laboring or non-laboring term placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Accialini
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO - CONICET - UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cyntia Abán
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO - CONICET - UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Etcheverry
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO - CONICET - UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Negri Malbrán
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno (CEMIC), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Leguizamón
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno (CEMIC), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanesa Herlax
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Toxinas Proteicas - Membranas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Sabina Maté
- Laboratorio de Estudios de la Interacción Toxinas Proteicas - Membranas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP - CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariana Farina
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Placentaria, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO - CONICET - UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Manning JJ, Green HM, Glass M, Finlay DB. Pharmacological selection of cannabinoid receptor effectors: Signalling, allosteric modulation and bias. Neuropharmacology 2021; 193:108611. [PMID: 34000272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) is a promising drug target for a wide range of diseases. However, many existing and novel candidate ligands for CB1 have shown only limited therapeutic potential. Indeed, no ligands are currently approved for the clinic except formulations of the phytocannabinoids Δ9-THC and CBD and a small number of analogues. A key limitation of many promising CB1 ligands are their on-target adverse effects, notably including psychoactivity (agonists) and depression/suicidal ideation (inverse agonists). Recent drug development attempts have therefore focussed on altering CB1 signalling profiles in two ways. Firstly, with compounds that enhance or reduce the signalling of endogenous (endo-) cannabinoids, namely allosteric modulators. Secondly, with compounds that probe the capability of selectively targeting specific cellular signalling pathways that may mediate therapeutic effects using biased ligands. This review will summarise the current paradigm of CB1 signalling in terms of the intracellular transduction pathways acted on by the receptor. The development of compounds that selectively activate CB1 signalling pathways, whether allosterically or via orthosteric agonist bias, will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Manning
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hayley M Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - David B Finlay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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7
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Li H, Yang J, Tian C, Diao M, Wang Q, Zhao S, Li S, Tan F, Hua T, Qin Y, Lin CP, Deska-Gauthier D, Thompson GJ, Zhang Y, Shui W, Liu ZJ, Wang T, Zhong G. Organized cannabinoid receptor distribution in neurons revealed by super-resolution fluorescence imaging. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5699. [PMID: 33177502 PMCID: PMC7659323 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in cellular functions. However, their intracellular organization is largely unknown. Through investigation of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), we discovered periodically repeating clusters of CB1 hotspots within the axons of neurons. We observed these CB1 hotspots interact with the membrane-associated periodic skeleton (MPS) forming a complex crucial in the regulation of CB1 signaling. Furthermore, we found that CB1 hotspot periodicity increased upon CB1 agonist application, and these activated CB1 displayed less dynamic movement compared to non-activated CB1. Our results suggest that CB1 forms periodic hotspots organized by the MPS as a mechanism to increase signaling efficacy upon activation. Despite the importance of G-protein-coupled receptors in many cellular functions, their intracellular organisation is largely unknown. The authors identified periodically repeating clusters of cannabinoid receptor 1 hotspots within neuronal axons that are dynamically regulated by CB1 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiping Tian
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Diao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Simeng Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhi Tan
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Hua
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Qin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao-Po Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Dylan Deska-Gauthier
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Garth J Thompson
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez I, Kalafut J, Czerwonka A, Rivero-Müller A. A novel bioassay for quantification of surface Cannabinoid receptor 1 expression. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18191. [PMID: 33097803 PMCID: PMC7584592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) plays critical roles in multiple physiological processes such as pain perception, brain development and body temperature regulation. Mutations on this gene (CNR1), results in altered functionality and/or biosynthesis such as reduced membrane expression, changes in mRNA stability or changes in downstream signaling that act as triggers for diseases such as obesity, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, among others; thus, it is considered as a potential pharmacological target. To date, multiple quantification methods have been employed to determine how these mutations affect receptor expression and localization; however, they present serious disadvantages that may arise quantifying errors. Here, we describe a sensitive bioassay to quantify receptor surface expression; in this bioassay the Gaussia Luciferase (GLuc) was fused to the extracellular portion of the CB1. The GLuc activity was assessed by coelenterazine addition to the medium followed by immediate readout. Based on GLuc activity assay, we show that the GLuc signals corelate with CB1 localization, besides, we showed the assay’s functionality and reliability by comparing its results with those generated by previously reported mutations on the CNR1 gene and by using flow cytometry to determine the cell surface receptor expression. Detection of membrane-bound CB1, and potentially other GPCRs, is able to quickly screen for receptor levels and help to understand the effect of clinically relevant mutations or polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Kalafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Department of Virology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adolfo Rivero-Müller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
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9
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Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a highly versatile signaling system within the nervous system. Despite its widespread localization, its functions within the context of distinct neural processes are very well discernable and specific. This is remarkable, and the question remains as to how such specificity is achieved. One key player in the ECS is the cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1), a G protein-coupled receptor characterized by the complexity of its cell-specific expression, cellular and subcellular localization, and its adaptable regulation of intracellular signaling cascades. CB1 receptors are involved in different synaptic and cellular plasticity processes and in the brain's bioenergetics in a context-specific manner. CB2 receptors are also important in several processes in neurons, glial cells, and immune cells of the brain. As polymorphisms in ECS components, as well as external impacts such as stress and metabolic challenges, can both lead to dysregulated ECS activity and subsequently to possible neuropsychiatric disorders, pharmacological intervention targeting the ECS is a promising therapeutic approach. Understanding the neurobiology of cannabinoid receptor signaling in depth will aid optimal design of therapeutic interventions, minimizing unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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10
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Fletcher-Jones A, Hildick KL, Evans AJ, Nakamura Y, Henley JM, Wilkinson KA. Protein Interactors and Trafficking Pathways That Regulate the Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor (CB1R). Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:108. [PMID: 32595453 PMCID: PMC7304349 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a negative feedback mechanism to suppress synaptic transmission and plays a major role in a diverse range of brain functions including, for example, the regulation of mood, energy balance, and learning and memory. The function and dysfunction of the ECS are strongly implicated in multiple psychiatric, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases. Cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1R) is the most abundant G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in the brain and, as for any synaptic receptor, CB1R needs to be in the right place at the right time to respond appropriately to changing synaptic circumstances. While CB1R is found intracellularly throughout neurons, its surface expression is highly polarized to the axonal membrane, consistent with its functional expression at presynaptic sites. Surprisingly, despite the importance of CB1R, the interacting proteins and molecular mechanisms that regulate the highly polarized distribution and function of CB1R remain relatively poorly understood. Here we set out what is currently known about the trafficking pathways and protein interactions that underpin the surface expression and axonal polarity of CB1R, and highlight key questions that still need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fletcher-Jones
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Keri L Hildick
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley J Evans
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Yasuko Nakamura
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy M Henley
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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11
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Saez TMM, Fernandez Bessone I, Rodriguez MS, Alloatti M, Otero MG, Cromberg LE, Pozo Devoto VM, Oubiña G, Sosa L, Buffone MG, Gelman DM, Falzone TL. Kinesin-1-mediated axonal transport of CB1 receptors is required for cannabinoid-dependent axonal growth and guidance. Development 2020; 147:dev184069. [PMID: 32265198 PMCID: PMC7188441 DOI: 10.1242/dev.184069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (eCB) modulate growth cone dynamics and axonal pathfinding through the stimulation of cannabinoid type-1 receptors (CB1R), the function of which depends on their delivery and precise presentation at the growth cone surface. However, the mechanism involved in the axonal transport of CB1R and its transport role in eCB signaling remains elusive. As mutations in the kinesin-1 molecular motor have been identified in patients with abnormal cortical development and impaired white matter integrity, we studied the defects in axonal pathfinding and fasciculation in mice lacking the kinesin light chain 1 (Klc1-/-) subunit of kinesin-1. Reduced levels of CB1R were found in corticofugal projections and axonal growth cones in Klc1-/- mice. By live-cell imaging of CB1R-eGFP we characterized the axonal transport of CB1R vesicles and described the defects in transport that arise after KLC1 deletion. Cofilin activation, which is necessary for actin dynamics during growth cone remodeling, is impaired in the Klc1-/- cerebral cortex. In addition, Klc1-/- neurons showed expanded growth cones that were unresponsive to CB1R-induced axonal elongation. Together, our data reveal the relevance of kinesin-1 in CB1R axonal transport and in eCB signaling during brain wiring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinidad M M Saez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván Fernandez Bessone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María S Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Alloatti
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María G Otero
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas E Cromberg
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victorio M Pozo Devoto
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Oubiña
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sosa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariano G Buffone
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego M Gelman
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás L Falzone
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia, IBCN (UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CP 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, IBYME (CONICET), CP 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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