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Tessarech M, Friocourt G, Marguet F, Lecointre M, Le Mao M, Díaz RM, Mignot C, Keren B, Héron B, De Bie C, Van Gassen K, Loisel D, Delorme B, Syrbe S, Klabunde-Cherwon A, Jamra RA, Wegler M, Callewaert B, Dheedene A, Zidane-Marinnes M, Guichet A, Bris C, Van Bogaert P, Biquard F, Lenaers G, Marcorelles P, Ferec C, Gonzalez B, Procaccio V, Vitobello A, Bonneau D, Laquerriere A, Khiati S, Colin E. De novo variants in SP9 cause a novel form of interneuronopathy characterized by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, and epilepsy with variable expressivity. Genet Med 2024; 26:101087. [PMID: 38288683 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Interneuronopathies are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficient migration and differentiation of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons resulting in a broad clinical spectrum, including autism spectrum disorders, early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability, and schizophrenic disorders. SP9 is a transcription factor belonging to the Krüppel-like factor and specificity protein family, the members of which harbor highly conserved DNA-binding domains. SP9 plays a central role in interneuron development and tangential migration, but it has not yet been implicated in a human neurodevelopmental disorder. METHODS Cases with SP9 variants were collected through international data-sharing networks. To address the specific impact of SP9 variants, in silico and in vitro assays were carried out. RESULTS De novo heterozygous variants in SP9 cause a novel form of interneuronopathy. SP9 missense variants affecting the glutamate 378 amino acid result in severe epileptic encephalopathy because of hypomorphic and neomorphic DNA-binding effects, whereas SP9 loss-of-function variants result in a milder phenotype with epilepsy, developmental delay, and autism spectrum disorder. CONCLUSION De novo heterozygous SP9 variants are responsible for a neurodevelopmental disease. Interestingly, variants located in conserved DNA-binding domains of KLF/SP family transcription factors may lead to neomorphic DNA-binding functions resulting in a combination of loss- and gain-of-function effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tessarech
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France.
| | | | - Florent Marguet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Rouen, France
| | - Maryline Lecointre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Rouen, France
| | - Morgane Le Mao
- Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Rodrigo Muñoz Díaz
- Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Department of Genetics, Center for Rare Causes of Intellectual Disabilities and UPMC Research Group "Intellectual Disabilities and Autism" Paris, France
| | - Boris Keren
- Department of Genetics, Center for Rare Causes of Intellectual Disabilities and UPMC Research Group "Intellectual Disabilities and Autism" Paris, France; Department of Genetics, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Héron
- Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Reference Center of Lysosomal Diseases, Trousseau Hospital, APHP, GRC ConCer-LD, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC University, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte De Bie
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Didier Loisel
- Department of Radiology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Benoit Delorme
- Department of Radiology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annick Klabunde-Cherwon
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Epileptology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meret Wegler
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | - Annelies Dheedene
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Agnès Guichet
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Céline Bris
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Florence Biquard
- Department of Gynecology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Claude Ferec
- INSERM, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest, France
| | - Bruno Gonzalez
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Antonio Vitobello
- UFR Des Sciences de Santé, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne UMR1231 GAD (Génétique des Anomalies du Développement), FHU-TRANSLAD, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des Maladies Rares, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Annie Laquerriere
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pathology, Rouen, France
| | - Salim Khiati
- Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France; Mitovasc Unit, UMR CNRS 6015 INSERM 1083, University of Angers, Angers, France.
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Toudji I, Toumi A, Chamberland É, Rossignol E. Interneuron odyssey: molecular mechanisms of tangential migration. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1256455. [PMID: 37779671 PMCID: PMC10538647 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1256455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons are critical components of neural networks. They provide local and long-range inhibition and help coordinate network activities involved in various brain functions, including signal processing, learning, memory and adaptative responses. Disruption of cortical GABAergic interneuron migration thus induces profound deficits in neural network organization and function, and results in a variety of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. It is thus of paramount importance to elucidate the specific mechanisms that govern the migration of interneurons to clarify some of the underlying disease mechanisms. GABAergic interneurons destined to populate the cortex arise from multipotent ventral progenitor cells located in the ganglionic eminences and pre-optic area. Post-mitotic interneurons exit their place of origin in the ventral forebrain and migrate dorsally using defined migratory streams to reach the cortical plate, which they enter through radial migration before dispersing to settle in their final laminar allocation. While migrating, cortical interneurons constantly change their morphology through the dynamic remodeling of actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeleton as they detect and integrate extracellular guidance cues generated by neuronal and non-neuronal sources distributed along their migratory routes. These processes ensure proper distribution of GABAergic interneurons across cortical areas and lamina, supporting the development of adequate network connectivity and brain function. This short review summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cortical GABAergic interneuron migration, with a focus on tangential migration, and addresses potential avenues for cell-based interneuron progenitor transplants in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Toudji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Asmaa Toumi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Chamberland
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Cheng B, Sharma DR, Kumar A, Sheth H, Agyemang A, Aschner M, Zhang X, Ballabh P. Shh activation restores interneurons and cognitive function in newborns with intraventricular haemorrhage. Brain 2023; 146:629-644. [PMID: 35867870 PMCID: PMC10169407 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants with germinal matrix haemorrhage-intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH-IVH) suffer from neurobehavioural deficits as they enter childhood and adolescence. Yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Impaired development and function of interneurons contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, we hypothesized that the occurrence of IVH would reduce interneuron neurogenesis in the medial ganglionic eminence and diminish the population of parvalbumin+ and somatostatin+ cortical interneurons. Because Sonic Hedgehog promotes the production of cortical interneurons, we also postulated that the activation of Sonic Hedgehog signalling might restore neurogenesis, cortical interneuron population, and neurobehavioural function in premature newborns with IVH. These hypotheses were tested in a preterm rabbit model of IVH and autopsy samples from human preterm infants. We compared premature newborns with and without IVH for intraneuronal progenitors, cortical interneurons, transcription factors regulating neurogenesis, single-cell transcriptome of medial ganglionic eminence and neurobehavioural functions. We treated premature rabbit kits with adenovirus expressing Sonic Hedgehog (Ad-Shh) or green fluorescence protein gene to determine the effect of Sonic Hedgehog activation on the interneuron production, cortical interneuron population and neurobehaviour. We discovered that IVH reduced the number of Nkx2.1+ and Dlx2+ progenitors in the medial ganglionic eminence of both humans and rabbits by attenuating their proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, IVH decreased the population of parvalbumin+ and somatostatin+ neurons in the frontal cortex of both preterm infants and kits relative to controls. Sonic Hedgehog expression and the downstream transcription factors, including Nkx2.1, Mash1, Lhx6 and Sox6, were also reduced in kits with IVH. Consistent with these findings, single-cell transcriptomic analyses of medial ganglionic eminence identified a distinct subpopulation of cells exhibiting perturbation in genes regulating neurogenesis, ciliogenesis, mitochondrial function and MAPK signalling in rabbits with IVH. More importantly, restoration of Sonic Hedgehog level by Ad-Shh treatment ameliorated neurogenesis, cortical interneuron population and neurobehavioural function in kits with IVH. Additionally, Sonic Hedgehog activation alleviated IVH-induced inflammation and several transcriptomic changes in the medial ganglionic eminence. Taken together, IVH reduced intraneuronal production and cortical interneuron population by downregulating Sonic Hedgehog signalling in both preterm rabbits and humans. Notably, activation of Sonic Hedgehog signalling restored interneuron neurogenesis, cortical interneurons and cognitive function in rabbit kits with IVH. These findings highlight disruption in cortical interneurons in IVH and identify a novel therapeutic strategy to restore cortical interneurons and cognitive function in infants with IVH. These studies can accelerate the development of new therapies to enhance the neurodevelopmental outcome of survivors with IVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deep R Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hardik Sheth
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alex Agyemang
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Computational Genomics Core, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Praveen Ballabh
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Li J, Zheng S, Dong Y, Xu H, Zhu Y, Weng J, Sun D, Wang S, Xiao L, Jiang Y. Histone Methyltransferase SETDB1 Regulates the Development of Cortical Htr3a-Positive Interneurons and Mood Behaviors. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:279-290. [PMID: 36335068 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) interneurons (INs) are highly heterogeneous, and Htr3a labels a subpopulation of cortical INs originating from the embryonic caudal ganglionic eminence. SETDB1 is one of the histone H3K9 methyltransferases and plays an essential role in the excitatory neurons, but its role in regulating cortical inhibitory INs remains largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we generated transgenic mice with conditional knockout of Setdb1 in neural progenitor cells (Setdb1-NS-cKO) and GABAergic neurons (Setdb1-Gad2-cKO). In addition, we performed RNA sequencing, ATAC-seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing), chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, luciferase assay, chromatin conformation capture, and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/dCas9 to study the epigenetic mechanism underlying SETDB1-mediated transcriptional regulation of Htr3a. We also performed in situ hybridization and whole-cell recording to evaluate the functional properties of cortical Htr3a+ INs and behavioral tests for mood. RESULTS We detected significant upregulation of Htr3a expression in the embryonic ganglionic eminence of Setdb1-NS-cKO and identified the endogenous retroviral sequence RMER21B as a new target of SETDB1. RMER21B showed enhancer activity and formed distal chromatin interaction with the promoter of Htr3a. In addition, we observed an increased number and enhanced excitability of Htr3a+ INs in the knockout cortex. Moreover, Setdb1-Gad2-cKO mice exhibited anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, which were partially reversed by a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SETDB1 represses Htr3a transcription via RMER21B-mediated distal chromatin interaction in the embryonic ganglionic eminence and regulates the development of cortical Htr3a+ INs and mood behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Zheng
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyan Zhu
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Weng
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijing Sun
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lei Xiao
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Nunnelly LF, Campbell M, Lee DI, Dummer P, Gu G, Menon V, Au E. St18 specifies globus pallidus projection neuron identity in MGE lineage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7735. [PMID: 36517477 PMCID: PMC9751150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) produces both locally-projecting interneurons, which migrate long distances to structures such as the cortex as well as projection neurons that occupy subcortical nuclei. Little is known about what regulates the migratory behavior and axonal projections of these two broad classes of neurons. We find that St18 regulates the migration and morphology of MGE neurons in vitro. Further, genetic loss-of-function of St18 in mice reveals a reduction in projection neurons of the globus pallidus pars externa. St18 functions by influencing cell fate in MGE lineages as we observe a large expansion of nascent cortical interneurons at the expense of putative GPe neurons in St18 null embryos. Downstream of St18, we identified Cbx7, a component of Polycomb repressor complex 1, and find that it is essential for projection neuron-like migration but not morphology. Thus, we identify St18 as a key regulator of projection neuron vs. interneuron identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke F Nunnelly
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Melissa Campbell
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Dylan I Lee
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Patrick Dummer
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Edmund Au
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative Scholar, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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6
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li JYH, Ouyang Z. LISA2: Learning Complex Single-Cell Trajectory and Expression Trends. Front Genet 2021; 12:681206. [PMID: 34512717 PMCID: PMC8428276 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.681206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptional and epigenomics profiles have been applied in a variety of tissues and diseases for discovering new cell types, differentiation trajectories, and gene regulatory networks. Many methods such as Monocle 2/3, URD, and STREAM have been developed for tree-based trajectory building. Here, we propose a fast and flexible trajectory learning method, LISA2, for single-cell data analysis. This new method has two distinctive features: (1) LISA2 utilizes specified leaves and root to reduce the complexity for building the developmental trajectory, especially for some special cases such as rare cell populations and adjacent terminal cell states; and (2) LISA2 is applicable for both transcriptomics and epigenomics data. LISA2 visualizes complex trajectories using 3D Landmark ISOmetric feature MAPping (L-ISOMAP). We apply LISA2 to simulation and real datasets in cerebellum, diencephalon, and hematopoietic stem cells including both single-cell transcriptomics data and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin data. LISA2 is efficient in estimating single-cell trajectory and expression trends for different kinds of molecular state of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Yuping Zhang
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - James Y. H. Li
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Zhengqing Ouyang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
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Chang CC, Kuo HY, Chen SY, Lin WT, Lu KM, Saito T, Liu FC. Developmental Characterization of Schizophrenia-Associated Gene Zswim6 in Mouse Forebrain. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:669631. [PMID: 34054439 PMCID: PMC8161499 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.669631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disease with a globally 1% life-long prevalence. Clinical studies have linked Zswim6 mutations to developmental and neurological diseases, including schizophrenia. Zswim6’s function remains largely unknown. Given the involvement of Zswim6 in schizophrenia and schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disease, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Zswim6 in the developing brain. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Zswim6 in the mouse forebrain by in situ hybridization with radioactive and non-radioactive-labeled riboprobes. Zswim6 mRNA was detected as early as E11.5 in the ventral forebrain. At E11.5–E13.5, Zswim6 was highly expressed in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). The LGE consisted of two progenitor populations. Dlx+;Er81+ cells in dorsal LGE comprised progenitors of olfactory bulb interneurons, whereas Dlx+;Isl1+ progenitors in ventral LGE gave rise to striatal projection neurons. Zswim6 was not colocalized with Er81 in the dorsal LGE. In the ventral LGE, Zswim6 was colocalized with striatal progenitor marker Nolz-1. Zswim6 was highly expressed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of LGE in which progenitors undergo the transition from proliferation to differentiation. Double labeling showed that Zswim6 was not colocalized with proliferation marker Ki67 but was colocalized with differentiation marker Tuj1 in the SVZ, suggesting Zswim6 expression in early differentiating neurons. Zswim6 was also expressed in the adjacent structures of medial and caudal ganglionic eminences (MGE, CGE) that contained progenitors of cortical interneurons. At E15.5 and E17.5, Zswim6 was expressed in several key brain regions that were involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, including the striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and medial habenular nucleus. Zswim6 was persistently expressed in the postnatal brain. Cell type analysis indicated that Zswim6 mRNA was colocalized with D1R-expressing striatonigral and D2R-expressing striatopallidal neurons of the adult striatum with a higher colocalization in striatopallidal neurons. These findings are of particular interest as striatal dopamine D2 receptors are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In summary, the comprehensive analysis provides an anatomical framework for the study of Zswim6 function and Zswim6-associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chie Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ying Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ming Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tetsuichiro Saito
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fu-Chin Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Wagner AE, Schwarzmayr T, Häberle B, Vokuhl C, Schmid I, von Schweinitz D, Kappler R. SP8 Promotes an Aggressive Phenotype in Hepatoblastoma via FGF8 Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082294. [PMID: 32824198 PMCID: PMC7465460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in childhood and it generally has a good prognosis. However, if associated with aggressive metastatic disease, outcome is still poor. The molecular mechanisms leading to metastatic spread in HB patients are still unknown. By combining RNA-sequencing and a genome-wide methylome analysis, we identified the transcription factor SP8 and the growth factor FGF8 among the most strongly upregulated genes in metastatic HB cases, with a concomitant robust demethylation of the respective promoter regions. Of note, high expression of both candidates was associated with the aggressive C2 subtype of the 16-gene signature and poor survival. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed a direct transcriptional regulation of FGF8 through binding of SP8 to the FGF8 promoter. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments proved promoting effects of SP8 on motility, self-renewal, migration, and the invasive potential of HB cells. Moreover, stable overexpression of SP8 in Hep3B cells resulted in the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype and a strong upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes. Using KRAB-mediated CRISPR-dCas9 interference directed against FGF8, we could show that FGF8 is essential for the SP8-mediated aggressive tumor behavior. Treatment of HB cell lines with the pan SP family inhibitor mithramycin A resulted in a significant inhibition of their clonogenic growth. In summary, we identified SP8 and FGF8 as key players in aggressive traits of HB and propose SP8 inhibiting drugs as a new effective treatment strategy especially for metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Elisabeth Wagner
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany; (A.E.W.); (B.H.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Beate Häberle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany; (A.E.W.); (B.H.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Christian Vokuhl
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Irene Schmid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany; (A.E.W.); (B.H.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80337 Munich, Germany; (A.E.W.); (B.H.); (D.v.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4400-57810
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9
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Pai ELL, Chen J, Fazel Darbandi S, Cho FS, Chen J, Lindtner S, Chu JS, Paz JT, Vogt D, Paredes MF, Rubenstein JLR. Maf and Mafb control mouse pallial interneuron fate and maturation through neuropsychiatric disease gene regulation. eLife 2020; 9:e54903. [PMID: 32452758 PMCID: PMC7282818 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maf (c-Maf) and Mafb transcription factors (TFs) have compensatory roles in repressing somatostatin (SST+) interneuron (IN) production in medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) secondary progenitors in mice. Maf and Mafb conditional deletion (cDKO) decreases the survival of MGE-derived cortical interneurons (CINs) and changes their physiological properties. Herein, we show that (1) Mef2c and Snap25 are positively regulated by Maf and Mafb to drive IN morphological maturation; (2) Maf and Mafb promote Mef2c expression which specifies parvalbumin (PV+) INs; (3) Elmo1, Igfbp4 and Mef2c are candidate markers of immature PV+ hippocampal INs (HIN). Furthermore, Maf/Mafb neonatal cDKOs have decreased CINs and increased HINs, that express Pnoc, an HIN specific marker. Our findings not only elucidate key gene targets of Maf and Mafb that control IN development, but also identify for the first time TFs that differentially regulate CIN vs. HIN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ling-Lin Pai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Siavash Fazel Darbandi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Frances S Cho
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jiapei Chen
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Susan Lindtner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Julia S Chu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jeanne T Paz
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel Vogt
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State UniversityGrand RapidsUnited States
| | - Mercedes F Paredes
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - John LR Rubenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- The Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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10
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Wei S, Du H, Li Z, Tao G, Xu Z, Song X, Shang Z, Su Z, Chen H, Wen Y, Liu G, You Y, Zhang Z, Yang Z. Transcription factors
Sp8
and
Sp9
regulate the development of caudal ganglionic eminence‐derived cortical interneurons. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2860-2874. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.24712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Heng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhenmeiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Guangxu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhejun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaolei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zicong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zihao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Haotian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Guoping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Yan You
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, MOE Frontier Research Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Zhongshan HospitalFudan University Shanghai China
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