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Rhodes CT, Asokumar D, Sohn M, Naskar S, Elisha L, Stevenson P, Lee DR, Zhang Y, Rocha PP, Dale RK, Lee S, Petros TJ. Loss of Ezh2 in the medial ganglionic eminence alters interneuron fate, cell morphology and gene expression profiles. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1334244. [PMID: 38419656 PMCID: PMC10899338 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1334244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) is responsible for trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), resulting in repression of gene expression. Here, we explore the role of Ezh2 in forebrain GABAergic interneuron development. Methods We removed Ezh2 in the MGE by generating Nkx2-1Cre;Ezh2 conditional knockout mice. We then characterized changes in MGE-derived interneuron fate and electrophysiological properties in juvenile mice, as well as alterations in gene expression, chromatin accessibility and histone modifications in the MGE. Results Loss of Ezh2 increases somatostatin-expressing (SST+) and decreases parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the forebrain. We observe fewer MGE-derived interneurons in the first postnatal week, indicating reduced interneuron production. Intrinsic electrophysiological properties in SST+ and PV+ interneurons are normal, but PV+ interneurons display increased axonal complexity in Ezh2 mutant mice. Single nuclei multiome analysis revealed differential gene expression patterns in the embryonic MGE that are predictive of these cell fate changes. Lastly, CUT&Tag analysis revealed that some genomic loci are particularly resistant or susceptible to shifts in H3K27me3 levels in the absence of Ezh2, indicating differential selectivity to epigenetic perturbation. Discussion Thus, loss of Ezh2 in the MGE alters interneuron fate, morphology, and gene expression and regulation. These findings have important implications for both normal development and potentially in disease etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Rhodes
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dhanya Asokumar
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mira Sohn
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shovan Naskar
- Unit on Functional Neural Circuits, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lielle Elisha
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Parker Stevenson
- Unit on Functional Neural Circuits, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dongjin R Lee
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pedro P Rocha
- Unit on Genome Structure and Regulation, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan K Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Unit on Functional Neural Circuits, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy J Petros
- Unit on Cellular and Molecular Neurodevelopment, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Xu J, Roe J, Lee E, Tonelli C, Ji KY, Younis OW, Somervile TD, Yao M, Milazzo JP, Tiriac H, Kolarzyk AM, Lee E, Grem JL, Lazenby AJ, Grunkemeyer JA, Hollingsworth MA, Grandgenett PM, Borowsky AD, Park Y, Vakoc CR, Tuveson DA, Hwang C. Engrailed-1 Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308537. [PMID: 38110836 PMCID: PMC10853725 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Engrailed-1 (EN1) is a critical homeodomain transcription factor (TF) required for neuronal survival, and EN1 expression has been shown to promote aggressive forms of triple negative breast cancer. Here, it is reported that EN1 is aberrantly expressed in a subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients with poor outcomes. EN1 predominantly repressed its target genes through direct binding to gene enhancers and promoters, implicating roles in the activation of MAPK pathways and the acquisition of mesenchymal cell properties. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that EN1 promoted PDA transformation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The findings nominate the targeting of EN1 and downstream pathways in aggressive PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihao Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA
| | - Jae‐Seok Roe
- Department of BiochemistryYonsei UniversitySeoul03722South Korea
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - EunJung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Claudia Tonelli
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Keely Y. Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Omar W. Younis
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | | | - Melissa Yao
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | | | - Herve Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Anna M. Kolarzyk
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Esak Lee
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA
| | - Jean L. Grem
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | - Audrey J. Lazenby
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE68198USA
| | | | | | | | - Alexander D. Borowsky
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA
| | - Youngkyu Park
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | | | - David A. Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
- Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Chang‐Il Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California DavisDavisCA95616USA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA95817USA
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Motaghed M, Sanooghi D, Bagher Z, Faghihi F, Lotfi A, Shahbazi A, Jogataei MT. In Vitro Assessment of the Gene Expression of EZH-2 and P300 During Motor Neuron Differentiation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:709-718. [PMID: 37313026 PMCID: PMC10258600 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2997.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintenance of neurogenesis depends on the function of some histone-modifying enzymes; including Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and histone acetyltransferases (P300). The mechanism of epigenetic regulation and gene expression underlying the transition of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into MNs has not been fully clarified. Methods Two morphogens; sonic hedgehog (Shh: 100 ng/mL) and retinoic acid (RA: 0.01 mM) were involved in the specification of hUCB-MSCs into MNs after MSC characterization using Flow cytometry. Real time-quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to find the expression of the genes at the level of mRNA and protein. Results The expression of MN-related markers was confirmed at the level of mRNA and protein by induction of differentiation. The results were confirmed by immunocytochemistry and showed those mean cell percentages of 55.33%±15.885% and 49.67%±13.796% could express Islet-1 and ChAT, respectively. The gene expression level of Islet-1 and ChAT was significantly increased in the first and second week of exposure, respectively. After two weeks, the expression level of P300 and EZH-2 genes increased remarkably. No significant expression of Mnx-1 was detected when compared to the control sample. Conclusion MN-related markers, Islet-1 and ChAT, were detected in differentiated cells of hUCB-MSCs, supporting the potency of cord blood cells in the regeneration of MN-related disorders. Assessing these epigenetic regulatory genes at the protein level can be suggested to confirm their functional epigenetic modifying effects during motor neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjaneh Motaghed
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Sanooghi
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Lotfi
- Damavand Agricultural College, Technical and Vocational University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Toskas K, Yaghmaeian-Salmani B, Skiteva O, Paslawski W, Gillberg L, Skara V, Antoniou I, Södersten E, Svenningsson P, Chergui K, Ringnér M, Perlmann T, Holmberg J. PRC2-mediated repression is essential to maintain identity and function of differentiated dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo1543. [PMID: 36026451 PMCID: PMC9417181 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
How neurons can maintain cellular identity over an entire life span remains largely unknown. Here, we show that maintenance of identity in differentiated dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons is critically reliant on the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Deletion of the obligate PRC2 component, Eed, in these neurons resulted in global loss of H3K27me3, followed by a gradual activation of genes harboring both H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 modifications. Notably, H3K9me3 was lost at these PRC2 targets before gene activation. Neuronal survival was not compromised; instead, there was a reduction in subtype-specific gene expression and a progressive impairment of dopaminergic and serotonergic neuronal function, leading to behavioral deficits characteristic of Parkinson's disease and anxiety. Single-cell analysis revealed subtype-specific vulnerability to loss of PRC2 repression in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. Our study reveals that a PRC2-dependent nonpermissive chromatin state is essential to maintain the subtype identity and function of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Toskas
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Behzad Yaghmaeian-Salmani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Skiteva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J5:20 Neuro, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wojciech Paslawski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Gillberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vasiliki Skara
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irene Antoniou
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Södersten
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karima Chergui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, BioClinicum J5:20 Neuro, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171 64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Markus Ringnér
- Department of Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, SE-171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Cao Y, Li L, Fan Z. The role and mechanisms of polycomb repressive complex 2 on the regulation of osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of stem cells. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13032. [PMID: 33759287 PMCID: PMC8088470 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts or neurocytes is the key process for treatment of bone‐ or neural tissue‐related diseases which is caused by ageing, fracture, injury, inflammation, etc Polycomb group complexes (PcGs), especially the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), act as pivotal epigenetic regulators by modifying key developmental regulatory genes during stem cells differentiation. In this review, we summarize the core subunits, the variants and the potential functions of PRC2. We also highlight the underlying mechanisms of PRC2 associated with the osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of stem cells, including its interaction with non‐coding RNAs, histone acetyltransferases, histone demethylase, DNA methyltransferase and polycomb repressive complex 1. This review provided a substantial information of epigenetic regulation mediated by PRC2 which leads to the osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Le Li
- Tsinghua University Hospital, Stomatological Disease Prevention and Control Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhipeng Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling and Stem Cells Therapy, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mesman S, Smidt MP. Acquisition of the Midbrain Dopaminergic Neuronal Identity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134638. [PMID: 32629812 PMCID: PMC7369932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) group of neurons comprises molecularly distinct subgroups, of which the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are the best known, due to the selective degeneration of the SN during Parkinson’s disease. However, although significant research has been conducted on the molecular build-up of these subsets, much is still unknown about how these subsets develop and which factors are involved in this process. In this review, we aim to describe the life of an mdDA neuron, from specification in the floor plate to differentiation into the different subsets. All mdDA neurons are born in the mesodiencephalic floor plate under the influence of both SHH-signaling, important for floor plate patterning, and WNT-signaling, involved in establishing the progenitor pool and the start of the specification of mdDA neurons. Furthermore, transcription factors, like Ngn2, Ascl1, Lmx1a, and En1, and epigenetic factors, like Ezh2, are important in the correct specification of dopamine (DA) progenitors. Later during development, mdDA neurons are further subdivided into different molecular subsets by, amongst others, Otx2, involved in the specification of subsets in the VTA, and En1, Pitx3, Lmx1a, and WNT-signaling, involved in the specification of subsets in the SN. Interestingly, factors involved in early specification in the floor plate can serve a dual function and can also be involved in subset specification. Besides the mdDA group of neurons, other systems in the embryo contain different subsets, like the immune system. Interestingly, many factors involved in the development of mdDA neurons are similarly involved in immune system development and vice versa. This indicates that similar mechanisms are used in the development of these systems, and that knowledge about the development of the immune system may hold clues for the factors involved in the development of mdDA neurons, which may be used in culture protocols for cell replacement therapies.
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Zhao F, Zhou CG, Xu G, Ma TD, Xia RP, Li BX. [Effect of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 on the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-1 in the colon tissue of children with Hirschsprung's disease]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2019; 21:1033-1037. [PMID: 31642440 PMCID: PMC7389725 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2019.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-1 (GFRα1) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in the intestinal tissue of children with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR), as well as the role of EZH2 in the regulation of GFRα1 gene expression and the pathogenesis of HSCR. METHODS The samples of colon tissue with spasm from 24 children with HSCR after radical treatment of HSCR were selected as the experimental group, and the samples of necrotized colon tissue from 18 children with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis after surgical resection were selected as the control group. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression levels of GFRα1 and EZH2 in colon tissue in both groups. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were divided into an EZH2 over-expression group and a negative control group. The cells in the EZH2 over-expression group were transfected with pCMV6-EZH2 plasmid, and those in the negative control group were transfected with pCMV6 plasmid. The expression levels of EZH2 and GFRα1 were measured after transfection. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significant reductions in the mRNA and protein expression levels of GFRα1 and EZH2 in colon tissue (P<0.05), and the protein expression of EZH2 was positively correlated with that of GFRα1 (r=0.606, P=0.002). Compared with the negative control group, the EZH2 over-expression group had significant increases in the expression levels of EZH2 and GFRα1 after SH-SY5Y cells were transfected with EZH2 over-expression plasmid (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Low expression of EZH2 in the colon tissue of children with HSCR may be one of the causes of inadequate expression of GFRα1 and onset of HSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhao
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China.
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