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Song XJ, Hu JJ. Neurobiological basis of emergence from anesthesia. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:355-366. [PMID: 38490858 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The suppression of consciousness by anesthetics and the emergence of the brain from anesthesia are complex and elusive processes. Anesthetics may exert their inhibitory effects by binding to specific protein targets or through membrane-mediated targets, disrupting neural activity and the integrity and function of neural circuits responsible for signal transmission and conscious perception/subjective experience. Emergence from anesthesia was generally thought to depend on the elimination of the anesthetic from the body. Recently, studies have suggested that emergence from anesthesia is a dynamic and active process that can be partially controlled and is independent of the specific molecular targets of anesthetics. This article summarizes the fundamentals of anesthetics' actions in the brain and the mechanisms of emergence from anesthesia that have been recently revealed in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Song
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiang-Jian Hu
- Department of Medical Neuroscience and SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Huang H, Liu X, Wang L, Wang F. Whole-brain connections of glutamatergic neurons in the mouse lateral habenula in both sexes. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:37. [PMID: 38654275 PMCID: PMC11036720 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lateral habenula (LHb) is an epithalamus nucleus that is evolutionarily conserved and involved in various physiological functions, such as encoding value signals, integrating emotional information, and regulating related behaviors. The cells in the LHb are predominantly glutamatergic and have heterogeneous functions in response to different stimuli. The circuitry connections of the LHb glutamatergic neurons play a crucial role in integrating a wide range of events. However, the circuitry connections of LHb glutamatergic neurons in both sexes have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS In this study, we injected Cre-dependent retrograde trace virus and anterograde synaptophysin-labeling virus into the LHb of adult male and female Vglut2-ires-Cre mice, respectively. We then quantitatively analyzed the input and output of the LHb glutamatergic connections in both the ipsilateral and contralateral whole brain. RESULTS Our findings showed that the inputs to LHbvGlut2 neurons come from more than 30 brain subregions, including the cortex, striatum, pallidum, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, and cerebellum with no significant differences between males and females. The outputs of LHbvGlut2 neurons targeted eight large brain regions, primarily focusing on the midbrain and pons nuclei, with distinct features in presynaptic bouton across different brain subregions. While correlation and cluster analysis revealed differences in input and collateral projection features, the input-output connection pattern of LHbvGlut2 neurons in both sexes was highly similar. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the input and output connections of LHbvGlut2 neurons in male and female mice, shedding light on the anatomical architecture of these specific cell types in the mouse LHb. This structural understanding can help guide further investigations into the complex functions of the LHb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongren Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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Gao H, Wang J, Zhang R, Luo T. Recent advances in neural mechanism of general anesthesia induced unconsciousness: insights from optogenetics and chemogenetics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360864. [PMID: 38655183 PMCID: PMC11035785 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
For over 170 years, general anesthesia has played a crucial role in clinical practice, yet a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the induction of unconsciousness by general anesthetics remains elusive. Ongoing research into these mechanisms primarily centers around the brain nuclei and neural circuits associated with sleep-wake. In this context, two sophisticated methodologies, optogenetics and chemogenetics, have emerged as vital tools for recording and modulating the activity of specific neuronal populations or circuits within distinct brain regions. Recent advancements have successfully employed these techniques to investigate the impact of general anesthesia on various brain nuclei and neural pathways. This paper provides an in-depth examination of the use of optogenetic and chemogenetic methodologies in studying the effects of general anesthesia on specific brain nuclei and pathways. Additionally, it discusses in depth the advantages and limitations of these two methodologies, as well as the issues that must be considered for scientific research applications. By shedding light on these facets, this paper serves as a valuable reference for furthering the accurate exploration of the neural mechanisms underlying general anesthesia. It aids researchers and clinicians in effectively evaluating the applicability of these techniques in advancing scientific research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Anesthesiology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Liu R, Xiang H, Liu C, Jiang Q, Liang Y, Wang G, Wang L, Sun Y, Yang G. Lateral Habenula Neurons Signal Cold Aversion and Participate in Cold Aversion. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:771-784. [PMID: 38102342 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The aversion to cold is a fundamental motivated behavior that contributes to the body temperature homeostasis. However, the involvement of the lateral habenula (LHb) as a regulatory hub for negative emotions in this physiological process remains uninvestigated. In this study, we demonstrate an elevation in the population activity of LHb neurons following exposure to cold stimuli. Additionally, we establish the necessity of Vglut2-expressing neurons within the LHb for the encoding of cold aversion behaviors. Furthermore, we have elucidated a neural circuit from excitatory neurons of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) to LHb that plays a crucial role in this progress. Manipulation of the DMH-LHb circuit has a significant impact on cold aversion behavior in mice. It is worth noting that this circuit does not exhibit any noticeable effects on autonomic thermoregulation or depression-like behavior. The identification of these neural mechanisms involved in behavioral thermoregulation provides a promising avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Urology (Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology), The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Binzhou Medical College, 346 Guanhai Rd, Yantai City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Youzheng Street 23, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Brain Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Peng Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liang X, Yuan C, Shi W, Zhang Y. Dopamine D1-receptor-expressing pathway from the nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum-mediated sevoflurane anesthesia in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:3364-3377. [PMID: 37208941 PMCID: PMC10580364 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthesia has long been used in clinical practice, but its precise pharmacological effects on neural circuits are not fully understood. Recent investigations suggest that the sleep-wake system may play a role in the reversible loss of consciousness induced by general anesthetics. Studies in mice have shown that microinjection of dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) agonists into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) promotes recovery from isoflurane anesthesia, while microinjection of D1R antagonists has the opposite effect. Furthermore, during the induction and maintenance of sevoflurane anesthesia, there is a significant decrease in extracellular dopamine levels in the NAc, which subsequently increases during the recovery period. These findings suggest the involvement of the NAc in the regulation of general anesthesia. However, the specific role of D1R-expressing neurons in the NAc during general anesthesia and the downstream effect pathways are still not well understood. METHODS In order to analyze the impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on NAcD1R neurons and the NAcD1R -VP pathway, this study employed calcium fiber photometry to investigate alterations in the fluorescence intensity of calcium signals in dopamine D1-receptor-expressing neurons located in the nucleus accumbens (NAcD1R neurons) and the NAcD1R -VP pathway during sevoflurane anesthesia. Subsequently, optogenetic techniques were utilized to activate or inhibit NAcD1R neurons and their synaptic terminals in the ventral pallidum (VP), aiming to elucidate the role of NAcD1R neurons and the NAcD1R -VP pathway in sevoflurane anesthesia. These experiments were supplemented with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings and behavioral tests. Lastly, a genetically-encoded fluorescent sensor was employed to observe changes in extracellular GABA neurotransmitters in the VP during sevoflurane anesthesia. RESULTS Our findings revealed that sevoflurane administration led to the inhibition of NAcD1R neuron population activity, as well as their connections within the ventral pallidum (VP). We also observed a reversible reduction in extracellular GABA levels in the VP during both the induction and emergence phases of sevoflurane anesthesia. Additionally, the optogenetic activation of NAcD1R neurons and their synaptic terminals in the VP resulted in a promotion of wakefulness during sevoflurane anesthesia, accompanied by a decrease in EEG slow wave activity and burst suppression rate. Conversely, the optogenetic inhibition of the NAcD1R -VP pathway exerted opposite effects. CONCLUSION The NAcD1R -VP pathway serves as a crucial downstream pathway of NAcD1R neurons, playing a significant role in regulating arousal during sevoflurane anesthesia. Importantly, this pathway appears to be associated with the release of GABA neurotransmitters from VP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yiting Peng
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xiaoli Liang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Chengdong Yuan
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Wenyan Shi
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- School of AnesthesiologyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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6
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Haam J, Gunin S, Wilson L, Fry S, Bernstein B, Thomson E, Noblet H, Cushman J, Yakel JL. Entorhinal cortical delta oscillations drive memory consolidation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113267. [PMID: 37838945 PMCID: PMC10872950 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memories are formed by creating stable memory representations via memory consolidation, which mainly occurs during sleep following the encoding of labile memories in the hippocampus during waking. The entorhinal cortex (EC) has intricate connections with the hippocampus, but its role in memory consolidation is largely unknown. Using cell-type- and input-specific in vivo neural activity recordings, here we show that the temporoammonic pathway neurons in the EC, which directly innervate the output area of the hippocampus, exhibit potent oscillatory activities during anesthesia and sleep. Using in vivo individual and populational neuronal activity recordings, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of the temporoammonic pathway neurons, which we termed sleep cells, generate delta oscillations via hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channels during sleep. The blockade of these oscillations significantly impaired the consolidation of hippocampus-dependent memory. Together, our findings uncover a key driver of delta oscillations and memory consolidation that are found in the EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Haam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Suman Gunin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Leslie Wilson
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sydney Fry
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Briana Bernstein
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Eric Thomson
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Hayden Noblet
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Jesse Cushman
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jerrel L Yakel
- Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Huang L, Chen X, Tao Q, Wang X, Huang X, Fu Y, Yang Y, Deng S, Lin S, So KF, Song X, Ren C. Bright light treatment counteracts stress-induced sleep alterations in mice, via a visual circuit related to the rostromedial tegmental nucleus. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002282. [PMID: 37676855 PMCID: PMC10484455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Light in the environment greatly impacts a variety of brain functions, including sleep. Clinical evidence suggests that bright light treatment has a beneficial effect on stress-related diseases. Although stress can alter sleep patterns, the effect of bright light treatment on stress-induced sleep alterations and the underlying mechanism are poorly understood. Here, we show that bright light treatment reduces the increase in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep induced by chronic stress through a di-synaptic visual circuit consisting of the thalamic ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and intergeniculate leaflet (vLGN/IGL), lateral habenula (LHb), and rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg). Specifically, chronic stress causes a marked increase in NREM sleep duration and a complementary decrease in wakefulness time in mice. Specific activation of RMTg-projecting LHb neurons or activation of RMTg neurons receiving direct LHb inputs mimics the effects of chronic stress on sleep patterns, while inhibition of RMTg-projecting LHb neurons or RMTg neurons receiving direct LHb inputs reduces the NREM sleep-promoting effects of chronic stress. Importantly, we demonstrate that bright light treatment reduces the NREM sleep-promoting effects of chronic stress through the vLGN/IGL-LHb-RMTg pathway. Together, our results provide a circuit mechanism underlying the effects of bright light treatment on sleep alterations induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Psychology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Lin
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingrong Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoran Ren
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
- Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Liu J, Liu X, Zhou WY, Gan J, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li JL, Shen ZS, Zhang YY, Tang QY, Zhang Z. The activation of GABAergic neurons in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus attenuates sevoflurane and propofol-induced anesthesia in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1153735. [PMID: 37426823 PMCID: PMC10325722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1153735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The histaminergic neurons in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) have been suggested to play a vital role in maintaining a rising state. But the neuronal types of the TMN are in debate and the role of GABAergic neurons remains unclear. Methods: In the present study, we examined the role of TMN GABAergic neurons in general anesthesia using chemogenetics and optogenetics strategies to regulate the activity of TMN GABAergic neurons. Results: The results indicated that either chemogenetic or optogenetic activation of TMN GABAergic neurons in mice decreased the effect of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia. In contrast, inhibition of the TMN GABAergic neurons facilitates the sevoflurane anesthesia effect. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the activity of TMN GABAergic neurons produces an anti-anesthesia effect in loss of consciousness and analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Life Sciences College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Gan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Liang Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhong-Shan Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiong-Yao Tang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Li Y, Xu H. Activation of Ventral Pallidum CaMKIIa-Expressing Neurons Promotes Wakefulness. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03915-x. [PMID: 37017890 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The ventral pallidum (VP) is involved in the regulation of a variety of behaviors such as motor, reward, and behavioral motivation, and the ability to perform these functions properly is dependent on a high degree of wakefulness. It is unknown whether VP CaMKIIa-expression (VPCaMKIIa) neurons also have a role in sleep-wake regulation and related neuronal circuit mechanisms. In the present experiment, we first used in vivo fiber photometry to find the population activity of VPCaMKIIa neurons which increased during the transitions from non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep to wakefulness and NREM sleep to rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, with decreased during the transitions from wakefulness to NREM sleep. Then chemogenetic activation of VPCaMKIIa neurons induced an increase in wakefulness that lasted for 2 h. Mice that were exposed to short-term optogenetic stimulation woke up quickly from stable NREM sleep, and long-term optogenetic stimulation maintained wakefulness. In addition, optogenetic activation of the axons of VPCaMKIIa neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb) also facilitated the initiation and maintenance of wakefulness and mediated anxiety-like behavior. Finally, the method of chemogenetic inhibition was employed to suppress VPCaMKIIa neurons, and yet, inhibition of VPCaMKIIa neuronal activity did not result in an increase in NREM sleep and a decrease in wakefulness. Overall, our data illustrate that the activation of VPCaMKIIa neurons is of great importance for promoting wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefen Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Li
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Yin J, Qin J, Lin Z, Li A, Liu D, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Chen L, Liu C. Glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus regulate isoflurane anesthesia in mice. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22762. [PMID: 36719765 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200974rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The glutamatergic-mediated excitatory system in the brain is vital for the regulation of sleep-wake and general anesthesia. Specifically, the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVH), which contains mainly glutamatergic neurons, has been shown to play a critical role in sleep-wake. Here, we sought to explore whether the PVH glutamatergic neurons have an important effect on the process of general anesthesia. We used c-fos staining and in vivo calcium signal recording to observe the activity changes of the PVH glutamatergic neurons during isoflurane anesthesia and found that both c-fos expression in the PVH and the calcium activity of PVH glutamatergic neurons decreased in isoflurane anesthesia and significantly increased during the recovery process. Chemogenetic activation of PVH glutamatergic neurons prolonged induction time and shortened emergence time from anesthesia by decreasing the depth of anesthesia. Using chemogenetic inhibition of PVH glutamatergic neurons under isoflurane anesthesia, we found that inhibition of PVH glutamatergic neurons facilitated the induction process and delayed the emergence accompanied by deepening the depth of anesthesia. Together, these results identify a crucial role for PVH glutamatergic neurons in modulating isoflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyin Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Hunan Institute of Reproductive Medicine), Changsha, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhaojing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Hunan Institute of Reproductive Medicine), Changsha, China
| | - Damin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Hunan Institute of Reproductive Medicine), Changsha, China
| | - Yurong Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Hunan Institute of Reproductive Medicine), Changsha, China
| | - Qiuni Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Hunan Institute of Reproductive Medicine), Changsha, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital (Hunan Institute of Reproductive Medicine), Changsha, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
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11
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Wang YL, Wang L, Xu W, He M, Dong H, Shi HY, Chen YQ, Huang ZL. Paraventricular thalamus controls consciousness transitions during propofol anaesthesia in mice. Br J Anaesth 2023; 130:698-708. [PMID: 36828739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal mechanisms underlying propofol-induced modulation of consciousness are poorly understood. Neuroimaging studies suggest a potential role for non-specific thalamic nuclei in propofol-induced loss of consciousness. We investigated the contribution of the paraventricular thalamus (PVT), a midline thalamic nucleus that has been implicated in arousal control and general anaesthesia with inhaled anaesthetics, to loss and recovery of consciousness during propofol anaesthesia. METHODS Polysomnographic recordings and righting reflex test were used to determine the transitions of loss and recovery of righting reflex, used as a measure of consciousness in mice, during propofol anaesthesia in mice under conditions mimicking clinical propofol administration. PVT neuronal activities were monitored using fibre photometry and regulated using optogenetic and chemogenetic methods. RESULTS Population activities of PVT glutamatergic neurones began to decrease before propofol-induced loss of consciousness and rapidly increased to a peak at the onset of recovery of consciousness. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVT calretinin-expressing (PVTCR) neurones shortened onset (from 176 [35] to 127 [26] s; P=0.001) and prolonged return (from 1568 [611] to 3126 [1616] s; P=0.002) of righting reflex. Conversely, chemogenetic activation of PVTCR neurones exerted opposite effects. Furthermore, optogenetic silencing of PVTCR neurones accelerated transitions to loss of consciousness (from 205 [35] to 158 [44] s; P=0.027) and slowed transitions to recovery of consciousness (from 230 [78] to 370 [99] s; P=0.041). During a steady period of unconsciousness maintained with continuous propofol infusion, brief optical activation of PVTCR neurones restored cortical activity and arousal with a latency of about 5 s. CONCLUSIONS The paraventricular thalamus contributes to the control of consciousness transitions in propofol anaesthesia in mice. This provides a potential neuroanatomical target for controlling consciousness to reduce anaesthetic dose requirements and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China; Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan-Ying Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Zhou F, Wang D, Li H, Wang S, Zhang X, Li A, Tong T, Zhong H, Yang Q, Dong H. Orexinergic innervations at GABAergic neurons of the lateral habenula mediates the anesthetic potency of sevoflurane. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1332-1344. [PMID: 36740262 PMCID: PMC10068468 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The circuitry mechanism associated with anesthesia-induced unconsciousness is still largely unknown. It has been reported that orexinergic neurons of the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) facilitate the emergence from anesthesia through their neuronal projections to the arousal-promoting brain areas. However, the lateral habenula (LHb), as one of the orexin downstream targets, is known for its anesthesia-promoting effect. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore whether and how the orexinergic projections from the LHA to the LHb have a regulatory effect on unconsciousness induced by general anesthesia. METHODS We applied optogenetic, chemogenetic, or pharmacological approaches to regulate the orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway. Fiber photometry was used to assess neuronal activity. Loss or recovery of the righting reflex was used to evaluate the induction or emergence time of general anesthesia. The burst-suppression ratio and electroencephalography spectra were used to measure the anesthetic depth. RESULTS We found that activation of the orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway promoted emergence and reduced anesthetic depth during sevoflurane anesthesia. Surprisingly, the arousal-promoting effect of the orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway was mediated by excitation of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD2)-expressing neurons, but not glutamatergic neurons in the LHb. CONCLUSION The orexinergicLHA-LHb pathway facilitates emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia, and this effect was mediated by OxR2 in GAD2-expressing GABA neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huiming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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13
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Zhou L, Ran Q, Yi R, Tang H, Zhang Y, Yu T. Glutamatergic Neurons of Piriform Cortex Delay Induction of Inhalational General Anesthesia. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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14
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Luo T, Li L, Li J, Cai S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yu S, Yu T. Claustrum modulates behavioral sensitivity and EEG activity of propofol anesthesia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:378-389. [PMID: 36353753 PMCID: PMC9804072 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The claustrum has long been regarded as a vital center for conscious control. Electrical stimulation or damage to the claustrum can result in decreased awareness or loss of consciousness, suggesting that the claustrum may be a target for the action of general anesthetics. This study aimed to determine the role of the claustrum in propofol anesthesia. METHODS We first applied a fiber photometry calcium signal recording system to record the claustral neuronal activity during the entire process of propofol anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustral neurones was then performed to verify their role in anesthesia. Finally, muscimol (GABAa receptor agonist) and gabazine (GABAa receptor antagonist) were microinjected into the claustrum to determine whether their GABAa receptors were involved in modulating propofol anesthesia. EEG and behavioral indicators, such as anesthetic sensitivity and efficacy, were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS An evident anesthesia-related change in claustrum neuronal activity was suppressed during propofol-induced unconsciousness and restored following recovery from anesthesia. Chemogenetic activation of claustrum neurons results in attenuated propofol sensitivity, a shorter anesthesia duration, and an EEG shift toward wakefulness. Manipulation of GABAa receptors in the claustrum showed bidirectional control of propofol sensitivity, as activation decreases anesthesia efficiency while inactivation augments it. Additionally, inhibiting claustrum GABAa receptors increases cortical EEG slow waves. CONCLUSIONS Claustrum neurones and their GABAa receptors are implicated in the modulation of propofol anesthesia in both behavioral and EEG assessments. Our findings create scope to reveal the brain targets of anesthetic action further and add to the existing evidence on the consciousness-modulating role of the claustrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian‐Yuan Luo
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Long‐Yu Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyChongqing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineChongqingChina
| | - Jia Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shuang Cai
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina
| | - Shou‐Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ ProtectionZunyiChina,Key Laboratory of Brain ScienceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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15
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Bu X, Chen Y, Lv P, Fu X, Fu B. Glutamatergic neurons in paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus regulate the recovery from isoflurane anesthesia. BMC Anesthesiol 2022; 22:256. [PMID: 35953781 PMCID: PMC9367068 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-022-01799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated that the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is a key wakefulness-controlling nucleus in the thalamus. Therefore, PVT may also be involved in the process of general anesthesia. This study intends to explore the role of PVT in isoflurane anesthesia. Methods In the present study, we used the expression of c-Fos to observe the neuronal activity of PVT neurons under isoflurane anesthesia. We further recorded the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on the calcium signal of PVT glutamatergic neurons in real time with the help of calcium fiber photometry. We finally used chemogenetic technology to specifically regulate PVT glutamatergic neurons, and observed its effect on isoflurane anesthesia and cortical electroencephalography (EEG) in mice. Results We found that glutamatergic neurons of PVT exhibited high activity during wakefulness and low activity during isoflurane anesthesia. Activation of PVT glutamatergic neuronal caused an acceleration in emergence from isoflurane anesthesia accompanied with a decrease in EEG delta power (1–4 Hz). Whereas suppression of PVT glutamatergic neurons induced a delay recovery of isoflurane anesthesia, without affecting anesthesia induction. Conclusions Assuming a pharmacokinetic explanation for results can be excluded, these results demonstrate that the PVT is involved in regulating anesthesia emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Bu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, 563003, Zunyi city, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi city, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yiqiu Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, 563003, Zunyi city, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi city, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, 563003, Zunyi city, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi city, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, 563003, Zunyi city, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi city, 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Bao Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou Province, 563003, Zunyi city, China. .,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi city, 563003, Guizhou Province, China.
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16
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Zhang K, Pan J, Yu Y. Regulation of Neural Circuitry under General Anesthesia: New Methods and Findings. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070898. [PMID: 35883456 PMCID: PMC9312763 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
General anesthesia has been widely utilized since the 1840s, but its underlying neural circuits remain to be completely understood. Since both general anesthesia and sleep are reversible losses of consciousness, studies on the neural-circuit mechanisms affected by general anesthesia have mainly focused on the neural nuclei or the pathways known to regulate sleep. Three advanced technologies commonly used in neuroscience, in vivo calcium imaging, chemogenetics, and optogenetics, are used to record and modulate the activity of specific neurons or neural circuits in the brain areas of interest. Recently, they have successfully been used to study the neural nuclei and pathways of general anesthesia. This article reviews these three techniques and their applications in the brain nuclei or pathways affected by general anesthesia, to serve as a reference for further and more accurate exploration of other neural circuits under general anesthesia and to contribute to other research fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (K.Z.); (J.P.)
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jiacheng Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (K.Z.); (J.P.)
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (K.Z.); (J.P.)
- Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin 300052, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Levinstein MR, Bergkamp DJ, Lewis ZK, Tsobanoudis A, Hashikawa K, Stuber GD, Neumaier JF. PACAP-expressing neurons in the lateral habenula diminish negative emotional valence. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 21:e12801. [PMID: 35304804 PMCID: PMC9444940 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The lateral habenula (LHb) is a small, bilateral, epithalamic nucleus which processes aversive information. While primarily glutamatergic, LHb neurons express genes coding for many neuropeptides, such as Adcyap1 the gene encoding pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which itself has been associated with anxiety and stress disorders. Using Cre-dependent viral vectors, we targeted and characterized these neurons based on their anatomical projections and found that they projected to both the raphe and rostromedial tegmentum but only weakly to ventral tegmental area. Using RiboTag to capture ribosomal-associated mRNA from these neurons and reanalysis of existing single cell RNA sequencing data, we did not identify a unique molecular phenotype that characterized these PACAP-expressing neurons in LHb. In order to understand the function of these neurons, we conditionally expressed hM3 Dq DREADD selectively in LHb PACAP-expressing neurons and chemogenetically excited these neurons during behavioral testing in the open field test, contextual fear conditioning, sucrose preference, novelty suppressed feeding, and conditioned place preference. We found that Gq activation of these neurons produce behaviors opposite to what is expected from the LHb as a whole-they decreased anxiety-like and fear behavior and produced a conditioned place preference. In conclusion, PACAP-expressing neurons in LHb represents a molecularly diverse population of cells that oppose the actions of the remainder of LHb neurons by being rewarding or diminishing the negative consequences of aversive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie R. Levinstein
- Graduate Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Biobehavioral Imaging and Molecular Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - David J. Bergkamp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Zoë K. Lewis
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Alex Tsobanoudis
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Koichi Hashikawa
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and EmotionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Garret D. Stuber
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and EmotionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - John F. Neumaier
- Graduate Program in NeuroscienceUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA,Center for Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and EmotionUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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18
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Franks NP, Wisden W. The inescapable drive to sleep: Overlapping mechanisms of sleep and sedation. Science 2021; 374:556-559. [PMID: 34709918 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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19
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Olfactory stimulation Inhibits Nociceptive Signal Processing at the Input Stage of the Central Trigeminal System. Neuroscience 2021; 479:35-47. [PMID: 34695536 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) in the mammalian brainstem serves a pivotal function in pain processing. As the main relay center for nociceptive signals, SpVc conducts pain-related signals from various regions of the head toward higher levels of central processing such as the thalamus. SpVc also receives modulatory signals from other brain areas, which can alleviate the perception of headache. We studied the impact of olfactory co-stimulation on pain-related behavior and SpVc neural activity in mice. Using the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) as noxious stimulus, we quantified the aversive response and the perceived pain intensity by evaluating explorative running and the mouse grimace scale, respectively. We found that the floral odorants phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) and lavender oil mitigated the aversive response to AITC. Consistent with this finding, a newly developed, automated quantification of c-Fos expression in SpVc revealed that co-stimulation with PEA or lavender profoundly reduced network activity in the presence of AITC. These results demonstrated a substantial analgesic potential of odor stimulation in the trigeminal system and provide an explanation for the palliative effect of odors in the treatment of headache.
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20
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Gui H, Liu C, He H, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhang Y. Dopaminergic Projections From the Ventral Tegmental Area to the Nucleus Accumbens Modulate Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:671473. [PMID: 33994950 PMCID: PMC8119636 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.671473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the dopaminergic pathway in general anesthesia and its potential mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, we usedc-Fos staining combined with calcium fiber photometry recording to explore the activity of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic neurons(VTA-DA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons during sevoflurane anesthesia. A genetically encoded dopamine (DA) sensor was used to investigate thefunction of the NAc in sevoflurane anesthesia. Chemogenetics and optogenetics were used to explore the role of the VTA-DA in sevofluraneanesthesia. Electroencephalogram (EEG) spectra, time of loss of righting reflex (LORR) and recovery of righting reflex (RORR) were recorded asassessment indicators. We found that VTA-DA and NAc neurons were inhibited during the induction period and were activated during the recoveryperiod of sevoflurane anesthesia. The fluorescence signals of dopamine decreased in the induction of and increased in the emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia.Activation of VTA-DA and the VTADA-NAc pathway delayed the induction and facilitated the emergence accompanying with thereduction of delta band and the augmentation of the gamma band. These data demonstrate that VTA-DA neurons play a critical role in modulating sevofluraneanesthesia via the VTADA-NAc pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chengxi Liu
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haifeng He
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,School of Anesthesiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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