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Sutton Hickey AK, Becker J, Karolczak EO, Lutas A, Krashes MJ. Dietary fat content and absorption shape standard diet devaluation through hunger circuits. Mol Metab 2024:102021. [PMID: 39216534 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to 60% high fat diet (HFD) leads to a robust consummatory preference over well-balanced chow standard diet (SD) when mice are presented with a choice. This passive HFD-induced SD devaluation following HFD challenge and withdrawal is highlighted by the significant reduction in SD food intake even in states of caloric deprivation. The elements of HFD that lead to this SD depreciation remains unclear. Possibly important factors include the amount and type of fat contained in a diet as well as past eating experiences dependent on sensory properties including taste and post ingestive feedback. We aimed to explore the role of these components to HFD-induced SD devaluation. METHODS Wildtype mice were longitudinally presented discrete HFDs in conjunction with SD and feeding and metabolic parameters were analyzed. A separate cohort of animals were assessed for acute HFD preference in 3 conditions: 1) ad libitum fed (sated), 2) overnight fasted (physiologically hungry), and 3) ad libitum fed (artificially hungry), elicited through chemogenetic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neuron activation. Population dynamics of AgRP neurons were recorded to distinct inaccessible and accessible diets both before and after consummatory experience. Transient receptor potential channel type M5 (TRPM5) knockout mice were used to investigate the role of fat taste perception and preference to HFD-induced SD devaluation. The clinically approved lipase inhibitor orlistat was used to test the contribution of fat absorption to HFD-induced SD devaluation. RESULTS HFD-induced SD devaluation is dependent on fat content, composition, and preference. This effect scaled both in strength and latency with higher percentages of animal fat. 60% HFD was preferred and almost exclusively consumed in preference to other diets across hours and days, but this was not as evident upon initial introduction over seconds and minutes, suggesting ingestive experience is critical. Optical fiber photometry recordings of AgRP activity supported this notion as neuronal suppression by the different diets was contingent on prior intake. While taste transduced via TRPM5 influenced HFD-evoked weight gain, it failed to impact either HFD preference or HFD-induced SD devaluation. Perturbation of post ingestive feedback through orlistat-mediated diminishment of fat absorption prevented HFD-evoked weight gain and abolished HFD-induced SD devaluation. CONCLUSIONS Post ingestive feedback via fat digestion is vital for expression of HFD-induced SD devaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ames K Sutton Hickey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordan Becker
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; NIH-Brown University Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva O Karolczak
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wang Z, Hu Q, Tian C, Wang R, Jiao Q, Chen F, Wu T, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu A, Zhang W, Li J, Shen H. Prophylactic Effects of n-Acethylcysteine on Inflammation-induced Depression-like Behaviors in Mice. Neuroscience 2024; 549:42-54. [PMID: 38729599 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Depression, affecting individuals worldwide, is a prevalent mental disease, with an increasing incidence. Numerous studies have been conducted on depression, yet its pathogenesis remains elusive. Recent advancements in research indicate that disturbances in synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and reduced neurotrophic factor expression significantly contribute to depression's pathogenesis. In our study, we utilized adult male C57BL/6J mice. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce both chronic and acute depression-like symptoms in mice, a widely used model for studying depression associated with inflammation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) exhibits anti-inflammatory and ameliorative effects on depressive symptoms. This study sought to determine whether NAC use could mitigate inflammatory depressive behavior through the enhancement of synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, and increasing levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this study, we discovered that in mice modeled with depression-like symptoms, the expression levels of dendrites, BDNF, and miniature excitatory postsynaptic potential (mEPSC) in glutamatergic neurons, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid glutamate receptors (AMPARs) GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, were significantly decreased. These findings suggest an impairment in the synaptic transmission of glutamatergic neurons. Following treatment with NAC, the previously mentioned levels improved, indicating an enhancement in both synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity. Our results suggest that NAC exerts a protective effect on mouse models of inflammatory depression, potentially through the enhancement of synaptic transmission and plasticity, as well as the restoration of neurotrophic factor expression. These findings offer vital animal experimental evidence supporting NAC's role in mitigating inflammatory depressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Comprehensive Development Service Center, Tianjin Baodi District Health Commission, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruipeng Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingyan Jiao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tongrui Wu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aili Liu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Evans AK, Saw NL, Woods CE, Vidano LM, Blumenfeld SE, Lam RK, Chu EK, Reading C, Shamloo M. Impact of high-fat diet on cognitive behavior and central and systemic inflammation with aging and sex differences in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:334-354. [PMID: 38408498 PMCID: PMC11019935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases are associated with cellular stress, metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, accompanied by cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors such as diet, sleep fragmentation, and stress can potentiate damaging cellular cascades and lead to an acceleration of brain aging and cognitive impairment. High-fat diet (HFD) has been associated with obesity, metabolic disorders like diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. HFD also induces neuroinflammation, impairs learning and memory, and may increase anxiety-like behavior. Effects of a HFD may also vary between sexes. The interaction between Age- and Sex- and Diet-related changes in neuroinflammation and cognitive function is an important and poorly understood area of research. This study was designed to examine the effects of HFD on neuroinflammation, behavior, and neurodegeneration in mice in the context of aging or sex differences. In a series of studies, young (2-3 months) or old (12-13 months) C57BL/6J male mice or young male and female C57Bl/6J mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or a HFD for 5-6 months. Behavior was assessed in Activity Chamber, Y-maze, Novel Place Recognition, Novel Object Recognition, Elevated Plus Maze, Open Field, Morris Water Maze, and Fear Conditioning. Post-mortem analyses assessed a panel of inflammatory markers in the plasma and hippocampus. Additionally, proteomic analysis of the hypothalamus, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation in the locus coeruleus, and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were assessed in a subset of young and aged male mice. We show that HFD increased body weight and decreased locomotor activity across groups compared to control mice fed a SD. HFD altered anxiety-related exploratory behavior. HFD impaired spatial learning and recall in young male mice and impaired recall in cued fear conditioning in young and aged male mice, with no effects on spatial learning or fear conditioning in young female mice. Effects of Age and Sex were observed on neuroinflammatory cytokines, with only limited effects of HFD. HFD had a more significant impact on systemic inflammation in plasma across age and sex. Aged male mice had induction of microglial immunoreactivity in both the locus coeruleus (LC) and hippocampus an effect that HFD exacerbated in the hippocampal CA1 region. Proteomic analysis of the hypothalamus revealed changes in pathways related to metabolism and neurodegeneration with both aging and HFD in male mice. Our findings suggest that HFD induces widespread systemic inflammation and limited neuroinflammation. In addition, HFD alters exploratory behavior in male and female mice, and impairs learning and memory in male mice. These results provide valuable insight into the impact of diet on cognition and aging pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Evans
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Nay L Saw
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Claire E Woods
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Laura M Vidano
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Sarah E Blumenfeld
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Rachel K Lam
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Emily K Chu
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Mehrdad Shamloo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, 1050 Arastradero Road, Building A, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
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Zhan M, Liu X, Xia X, Yang Y, Xie Y, Zhang L, Lin C, Zhu J, Ding W, Xu S. Promotion of neuroinflammation by the glymphatic system: a new insight into ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale in alleviating obesity-associated cognitive impairment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 122:155147. [PMID: 37864890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is one of the critical risk factors for cognitive dysfunction. The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits. Alisma orientale has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemic effects, whereas its effects and underlying mechanisms on obesity-associated cognitive impairment (OACI) are unclear. PURPOSE This work aims to decipher the mechanism of ethanol extracts from Alisma orientale (EEAO) in restoring cognitive impairment in HFD-induced obese mice through a GS approach. METHODS The restoration of abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism and excess adipose deposition by EEAO were assayed by biochemical analysis and visually displayed by a micro-CT scanner and Oil Red O staining. Biochemical assays and Western blotting (WB) were used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF), free fatty acid (FFAs) levels and the structural integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Microglial activation and neuroinflammation were assessed with immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA and WB. Moreover, GS function was determined by immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence tracer imaging and WB. Finally, the neuropathological features and cognitive functions were detested with immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence and Morris Water Maze. RESULTS EEAO not only alleviated body weight, cerebral lipid accumulation and serum FFAs in HFD-induced obese mice, but also increased CBF and BBB integrity. EEAO suppressed microglial activation and lipid deposition in the hippocampus and reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in brain tissue. Interestingly, long-term HFD-induced GS dysfunction was significantly restored after EEAO intervention, and neuropathological lesions and cognitive deficits were also markedly rescued. CONCLUSION EEAO rescued the cognitive deficits of OACI by inhibiting neuroinflammation and restoring GS dysfunction, indicating a potential remedy for OACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Youjun Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunqiao Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiushuang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Shijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Institute of Material Medica Integration and Transformation for Brain Disorders, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Cozma D, Siatra P, Bornstein SR, Steenblock C. Sensitivity of the Neuroendocrine Stress Axis in Metabolic Diseases. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:65-77. [PMID: 38171373 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-6641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are prevalent in modern society and have reached pandemic proportions. Metabolic diseases have systemic effects on the body and can lead to changes in the neuroendocrine stress axis, the critical regulator of the body's stress response. These changes may be attributed to rising insulin levels and the release of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue, which affect hormone production by the neuroendocrine stress axis. Chronic stress due to inflammation may exacerbate these effects. The increased sensitivity of the neuroendocrine stress axis may be responsible for the development of metabolic syndrome, providing a possible explanation for the high prevalence of severe comorbidities such as heart disease and stroke associated with metabolic disease. In this review, we address current knowledge of the neuroendocrine stress axis in response to metabolic disease and discuss its role in developing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cozma
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Panagiota Siatra
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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6
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Haspula D, Cui Z. Neurochemical Basis of Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Health and Obesity: Focus on the Hypothalamus and the Brainstem. Cells 2023; 12:1801. [PMID: 37443835 PMCID: PMC10341274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise neural regulation is required for maintenance of energy homeostasis. Essential to this are the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei which are located adjacent and supra-adjacent to the circumventricular organs. They comprise multiple distinct neuronal populations which receive inputs not only from other brain regions, but also from circulating signals such as hormones, nutrients, metabolites and postprandial signals. Hence, they are ideally placed to exert a multi-tier control over metabolism. The neuronal sub-populations present in these key metabolically relevant nuclei regulate various facets of energy balance which includes appetite/satiety control, substrate utilization by peripheral organs and glucose homeostasis. In situations of heightened energy demand or excess, they maintain energy homeostasis by restoring the balance between energy intake and expenditure. While research on the metabolic role of the central nervous system has progressed rapidly, the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating distinct metabolic functions have only gained traction in the last few decades. The focus of this review is to provide an updated summary of the mechanisms by which the various neuronal subpopulations, mainly located in the hypothalamus and the brainstem, regulate key metabolic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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Molinas AJR, Desmoulins LD, Davis RK, Gao H, Satou R, Derbenev AV, Zsombok A. High-Fat Diet Modulates the Excitability of Neurons within the Brain-Liver Pathway. Cells 2023; 12:1194. [PMID: 37190103 PMCID: PMC10137256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of hepatic sympathetic nerves increases glucose production and glycogenolysis. Activity of pre-sympathetic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus and in the ventrolateral and ventromedial medulla (VLM/VMM) largely influence the sympathetic output. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a role in the development and progression of metabolic diseases; however, despite the importance of the central circuits, the excitability of pre-sympathetic liver-related neurons remains to be determined. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the activity of liver-related neurons in the PVN and VLM/VMM is altered in diet-induced obese mice, as well as their response to insulin. Patch-clamp recordings were conducted from liver-related PVN neurons, VLM-projecting PVN neurons, and pre-sympathetic liver-related neurons in the ventral brainstem. Our data demonstrate that the excitability of liver-related PVN neurons increased in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice compared to mice fed with control diet. Insulin receptor expression was detected in a population of liver-related neurons, and insulin suppressed the firing activity of liver-related PVN and pre-sympathetic VLM/VMM neurons in HFD mice; however, it did not affect VLM-projecting liver-related PVN neurons. These findings further suggest that HFD alters the excitability of pre-autonomic neurons as well as their response to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien J. R. Molinas
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Lucie D. Desmoulins
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Roslyn K. Davis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Hong Gao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
| | - Andrei V. Derbenev
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Andrea Zsombok
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; (A.J.R.M.); (L.D.D.); (R.K.D.); (R.S.); (A.V.D.)
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
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Nakadate K, Kawakami K, Yamazaki N. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Synergistic Effects of Green Tea Catechins and Citrus β-Cryptoxanthin Ingestion in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087054. [PMID: 37108217 PMCID: PMC10138730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obesity causes various diseases, leading to an urgent need for its treatment and prevention. Using monosodium-glutamate-induced obesity mice, the present study investigated the synergistic obesity-reducing effects of tea catechins and the antioxidant β-cryptoxanthin present in mandarin oranges. The results show that the obese mice that ingested both tea catechin and β-cryptoxanthin for 4 weeks had a significantly decreased body weight, with no difference in body weight compared with control mice. Moreover, the blood biochemical test results were normal, and the body fat percentage was significantly decreased according to the histopathological analysis. Additionally, the abundance of M1 macrophages, which release pro-inflammatories, was significantly reduced in adipose tissue. Indeed, a significant decrease was detected in M1-macrophage-secreted tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels. Meanwhile, M2 macrophage levels were recovered, and adiponectin, which is released from adipocytes and involved in suppressing metabolic syndrome, was increased. Collectively, these results suggest that the combination of tea catechins and antioxidant foods can alleviate chronic obesity, indicating that a combination of various ingredients in foods might contribute to reducing chronic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyoharu Kawakami
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamazaki
- Department of Community Health Care and Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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